Method for rapidly detecting series leakage of polar plates in fuel cell stack

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting series leakage of polar plates in a fuel cell stack, which comprises the following steps: S01, respectively connecting inlets and outlets of three cavities of a to-be-detected electric pile with pipelines, and then connecting inspection tour of an electric pile test board with the to-be-detected electric pile; s02, first gas is introduced into the cathode cavity, second gas is introduced into the anode cavity, and after three minutes, introduction of the first gas or introduction of the second gas is stopped; s03, introducing a third gas into the cooling cavity, and monitoring the voltage of each battery in the to-be-detected electric pile at the same time; after the voltage is stable, recording a stable voltage value, and stopping introducing the third gas; and S04, purging the cathode cavity, the anode cavity and the cooling cavity by using a second inert gas to reduce the voltage of each battery in the to-be-detected electric pile to be less than 0.1 V, and stopping voltage monitoring. The method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and can quickly determine which polar plate in the galvanic pile is subjected to polar plate series leakage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a method for quickly detecting plate leakage in a fuel cell stack. Background Art

[0002] In order to ensure service life and safe use, airtightness is one of the most critical indicators in the entire life cycle of the battery.

[0003] Plate leakage is one of the most influential issues in the gas-tightness of the fuel cell stack. Even a slight leakage may lead to rapid attenuation of the membrane electrode performance and irreversible damage to the entire fuel cell stack. It is a problem that must be avoided throughout the life cycle of the fuel cell stack. After the leakage occurs, it has always been difficult to confirm the position of the leaking plate in the entire stack. On the one hand, traditional detection methods (i.e., segmented gas-tightness testing of the entire stack or piece-by-piece gas-tightness testing) are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it is easy to miss some plates with slight leaks. On the other hand, segmented or piece-by-piece testing introduces a large amount of disassembly and assembly work in the fuel cell stack, which may cause damage to the membrane electrode or changes in the pressure state, causing performance deviations, and even causing performance degradation and consistency deterioration of the entire fuel cell stack.

[0004] The prior art rarely involves methods for detecting the specific leakage location of the plate in the fuel cell stack. Although some detection methods for fuel cell stacks with complete sensors and local gas path control capabilities can detect the leakage location, they are difficult to implement on conventional mass-produced fuel cell stacks. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for quickly detecting plate leakage in a fuel cell stack, aiming to solve the technical problems that the location of existing plate leakage needs to be determined with the help of airtight equipment and detectors and is difficult to implement on conventional mass-produced fuel cell stacks.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for quickly detecting plate leakage in a fuel cell stack, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S01, respectively connect the inlet and outlet of the three chambers of the battery stack to be tested to pipelines (for introducing gas), and then connect the inspection of the battery stack test bench (for monitoring the voltage on each membrane electrode in the battery stack) to the battery stack to be tested; the three chambers are the cathode chamber, the anode chamber and the cooling chamber;

[0008] S02, respectively introducing a first gas into the cathode chamber and introducing a second gas into the anode chamber, and after three minutes, stopping introducing the first gas or stopping introducing the second gas;

[0009] S03, introducing a third gas into the cooling chamber, while monitoring the voltage of each battery in the battery stack to be tested; after the voltage is stabilized, recording the stable voltage value, and stopping introducing the third gas;

[0010] S04. Use a second inert gas to purge (to prevent some membrane electrodes from being in a high potential state for a long time and causing attenuation) the cathode chamber, the anode chamber and the cooling chamber to reduce the voltage of each battery in the test stack to less than 0.1V, and stop voltage monitoring.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, in step S01,

[0012] The battery stack to be tested is a battery stack having a cooling path structure alone.

[0013] The ligation was performed at room temperature.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, in step S02,

[0015] The introduction of the first gas and the introduction of the second gas both maintain a natural back pressure.

[0016] The first gas is a first inert gas, and the second gas is a reactive gas; or,

[0017] The first gas is a first reaction gas, and the second gas is a first inert gas.

[0018] The first inert gas is nitrogen, argon, helium or a nitrogen-helium mixed gas.

[0019] The first reaction gas is hydrogen or air.

[0020] When the first gas is a first inert gas, after three minutes, the introduction of the first gas is stopped, and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline where the first gas is located are closed.

[0021] When the second gas is the first inert gas, after three minutes, the introduction of the second gas is stopped, and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline where the second gas is located are closed.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment, in step S03,

[0023] The third gas is introduced to maintain a back pressure of 40 kPa to 250 kPa.

[0024] The introduction time of the third gas is ≤3 min.

[0025] The third gas is the second reaction gas; the second reaction gas is hydrogen or air.

[0026] If the absolute value of the voltage value is less than the set value of the battery, then there is no cross-leakage in the electrode plate of the battery; the electrode plate is a cathode plate or an anode plate.

[0027] If the absolute value of the voltage value is greater than the set value of the battery, then there is leakage in the electrode plate of the battery; the electrode plate is a cathode plate or an anode plate.

[0028] The set value is 0.01V.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment, when the third gas is always hydrogen, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method:

[0030] (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to be a first inert gas; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to be air; at this time, if leakage occurs on the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is negative;

[0031] (2) Detecting whether the anode plate has leakage: The first gas in the cathode chamber is set to air; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to the first inert gas; at this time, if leakage occurs in the anode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is positive.

[0032] At this time, you only need to replace the gases in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The operation is relatively simple, but the test results may be negative, and you need to cancel the negative pressure protection setting on the test bench.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, when the third gas is always air, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method:

[0034] (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to be a first inert gas; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to be hydrogen; at this time, if leakage occurs on the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is positive;

[0035] (2) Detecting whether the anode plate has leakage: The first gas in the cathode chamber is set to hydrogen; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to the first inert gas; at this time, if the anode plate has leakage, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is negative.

[0036] At this time, you only need to replace the gases in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The operation is relatively simple, but the test results may be negative, and you need to cancel the negative pressure protection setting on the test bench.

[0037] As a preferred implementation, when the voltage value is always positive, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method:

[0038] (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to a first inert gas, the second gas in the anode chamber is set to hydrogen, and the third gas in the cooling chamber is set to air; at this time, if leakage occurs in the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is positive;

[0039] (2) Detecting whether the anode plate is leaking: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to air, the second gas in the anode chamber is set to a first inert gas, and the third gas in the cooling chamber is set to hydrogen; at this time, if the anode plate is leaking, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is positive.

[0040] At this time, the battery voltage is always kept at a positive value, but the gases in the cathode chamber, anode chamber and cooling chamber need to be adjusted and changed, and the operation is more complicated.

[0041] As a preferred implementation, in step S04,

[0042] The reduction time is less than 1 min.

[0043] The second inert gas is nitrogen, argon, helium or a nitrogen-helium mixed gas.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Through the method of the present application, it is possible to quickly determine on which plate in the battery stack the plate (cathode plate or anode plate) leakage occurs, and the approximate position of the leakage point on the plate can be detected, with high detection sensitivity. The method of the present application does not require an airtight detection device, and does not require any additional detectors or other components to be added to the battery stack. It is easy to operate, the results can be displayed within 30 seconds to 1 minute, and the test can be completed within 3 minutes, with a fast detection speed. Moreover, the method of the present application is non-destructive to the battery stack, has a wide range of applications, can semi-quantitatively detect the amount of leakage, and can identify on which side of the plate the leakage occurs (i.e., the cathode side, the anode side, or both the cathode and cathode sides), and is suitable for all battery stacks with a separate cooling path structure. The detection method of the present application is simple and easy to implement, which greatly shortens the detection time of plate leakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0046] Figure 1is a schematic flow chart of a method for rapidly detecting cross-link leakage of a plate in a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the result analysis of a rapid detection of plate cross-leakage in a fuel cell stack (when the third gas is always hydrogen) according to an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of analysis of results of rapid detection of plate cross-leakage in a fuel cell stack (when the voltage value is always positive) according to another embodiment;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the result of rapid detection of plate cross-leakage detection in a fuel cell stack (when the voltage value is always positive) according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0052] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for quickly detecting plate leakage in a fuel cell stack, comprising the following steps:

[0053] S01, respectively connect the inlet and outlet of the three chambers of the battery stack to be tested to pipelines (for introducing gas), and then connect the inspection of the battery stack test bench (for monitoring the voltage on each membrane electrode in the battery stack) to the battery stack to be tested; the three chambers are the cathode chamber, the anode chamber and the cooling chamber;

[0054] S02, respectively introducing a first gas into the cathode chamber and introducing a second gas into the anode chamber, and after three minutes, stopping introducing the first gas or stopping introducing the second gas;

[0055] S03, introducing a third gas into the cooling chamber, while monitoring the voltage of each battery in the battery stack to be tested; after the voltage is stabilized, recording the stable voltage value, and stopping introducing the third gas;

[0056] S04. Use a second inert gas to purge (to prevent some membrane electrodes from being in a high potential state for a long time and causing attenuation) the cathode chamber, the anode chamber and the cooling chamber to reduce the voltage of each battery in the test stack to less than 0.1V, and stop voltage monitoring.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, in step S01,

[0058] The battery stack to be tested is a battery stack having a cooling path structure alone.

[0059] The ligation was performed at room temperature.

[0060] As a preferred embodiment, in step S02,

[0061] The introduction of the first gas and the introduction of the second gas both maintain a natural back pressure.

[0062] The first gas is a first inert gas, and the second gas is a reactive gas; or,

[0063] The first gas is a first reaction gas, and the second gas is a first inert gas.

[0064] The first inert gas is nitrogen, argon, helium or a nitrogen-helium mixture. The first inert gas can generally be selected according to actual needs, and any first inert gas that meets the above range can implement the present application.

[0065] The first reaction gas is hydrogen or air.

[0066] When the first gas is a first inert gas, after three minutes, the introduction of the first gas is stopped, and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline where the first gas is located are closed.

[0067] When the second gas is the first inert gas, after three minutes, the introduction of the second gas is stopped, and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline where the second gas is located are closed.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, in step S03,

[0069] The introduction of the third gas maintains a back pressure of 40 kPa to 250 kPa (depending on the actual use requirements, the back pressure can be 40 kPa, or 90 kPa, or 150 kPa, or 250 kPa, etc.).

[0070] The introduction time of the third gas is ≤3 min.

[0071] The third gas is the second reaction gas; the second reaction gas is hydrogen or air.

[0072] If the absolute value of the voltage value is less than the set value of the battery, then there is no cross-leakage in the electrode plate of the battery; the electrode plate is a cathode plate or an anode plate.

[0073] If the absolute value of the voltage value is greater than the set value of the battery, then there is leakage in the electrode plate of the battery; the electrode plate is a cathode plate or an anode plate.

[0074] The set value is 0.01V.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present application, the first gas, the second gas and the third gas can be set according to actual needs, and the above requirements can be met. Generally, the first gas, the second gas and the third gas can be set in the following three ways.

[0076] As a preferred implementation, in one embodiment (i.e., the first setting), when the third gas is always hydrogen, the setting of the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas is achieved by the following method:

[0077] (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to be a first inert gas; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to be air; at this time, if leakage occurs on the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is negative;

[0078] (2) Detecting whether the anode plate has leakage: The first gas in the cathode chamber is set to air; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to the first inert gas; at this time, if leakage occurs in the anode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is positive.

[0079] The results are analyzed as follows Figure 2 As shown, at this time, only the gases in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber need to be replaced. The operation is relatively simple, but the test results may be negative, and the negative pressure protection setting needs to be canceled on the test bench.

[0080] As a preferred implementation, in another embodiment (i.e., the second setting mode), when the third gas is always air, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method:

[0081] (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to be a first inert gas; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to be hydrogen; at this time, if leakage occurs on the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is positive;

[0082] (2) Detecting whether the anode plate has leakage: The first gas in the cathode chamber is set to hydrogen; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to the first inert gas; at this time, if the anode plate has leakage, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is negative.

[0083] At this time, you only need to replace the gases in the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The operation is relatively simple, but the test results may be negative, and you need to cancel the negative pressure protection setting on the test bench.

[0084] As a preferred implementation, in another embodiment (i.e., the third setting mode), when the voltage value is always positive, the setting of the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas is achieved by the following method:

[0085] (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to a first inert gas, the second gas in the anode chamber is set to hydrogen, and the third gas in the cooling chamber is set to air; at this time, if leakage occurs in the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is positive;

[0086] (2) Detecting whether the anode plate is leaking: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to air, the second gas in the anode chamber is set to a first inert gas, and the third gas in the cooling chamber is set to hydrogen; at this time, if the anode plate is leaking, a voltage can be detected on the battery (membrane electrode) in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is positive.

[0087] The results are analyzed as follows Figure 3 As shown, at this time, the voltage of the battery is always kept positive, but the gases in the cathode chamber, the anode chamber and the cooling chamber need to be adjusted and changed, and the operation is more complicated.

[0088] As a preferred implementation, in step S04,

[0089] The reduction time is less than 1 min.

[0090] The second inert gas is nitrogen, argon, helium or a nitrogen-helium mixed gas.

[0091] Interpretation and analysis of the test results in the examples of this application:

[0092] 1. Positive and negative voltage: The membrane electrode voltage value, the default is "cathode potential - anode potential", that is, when the cathode cavity is air and the anode cavity is hydrogen, the voltage is positive, otherwise it is negative.

[0093] 2. Voltage value: When the plate leaks, the membrane electrode in contact with the plate on the leaking side displays a voltage, and the absolute value of the voltage ranges from 0V to 1V. The leakage value is proportional to the voltage value. When the leakage is small, the membrane electrode voltage is small, such as 0.1V to 0.2V; when the leakage is large, the membrane electrode voltage quickly approaches until it stabilizes at around 1V. As the ventilation time increases and the leakage gas accumulates, the voltage on the membrane electrode will gradually increase. If you need to preliminarily evaluate the amount of leakage, it is recommended to read the membrane electrode voltage value at a fixed time in the early stage after the third gas is introduced, such as 10 seconds or 20 seconds, for horizontal comparison.

[0094] 3. Multi-point voltage detection: If the stack allows the voltage values ​​of different areas on a membrane electrode to be measured simultaneously (such as voltage partition detection, or inlet and outlet dual inspection detection), the approximate location of the leakage can be preliminarily determined based on the voltage change differences between different areas. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the inspection devices (CVM1 and CVM2) are connected to the inlet and outlet of the membrane electrode to monitor the voltage. Assuming that the cross-leakage occurs near the CVM1 side, after the third gas is introduced, the phenomenon of |CVM1|>|CVM2| will appear. The voltage difference between CVM1 and CVM2 gradually decreases with the extension of ventilation time, and even disappears.

[0095] For example, in one embodiment, a method for quickly detecting plate leakage in a fuel cell stack includes the following steps:

[0096] S01. At room temperature, connect the inlet and outlet of the three chambers (cathode chamber, anode chamber, cooling chamber) of a battery stack containing 200 batteries to pipelines respectively; and insert the inspection on the battery stack;

[0097] S02. In order to detect the cross-leakage of the cathode plate, 100 SLPM of nitrogen was introduced into the cathode chamber of the stack, and 100 SLPM of hydrogen was introduced into the anode chamber of the stack, and natural back pressure was maintained in both chambers; after nitrogen was continuously introduced into the cathode chamber for 3 minutes, ventilation was stopped, and the inlet and outlet valves of the cathode chamber were closed;

[0098] S03, then introduce 500SLPM of air into the stack cooling chamber, maintain the back pressure at 100kPa, and start monitoring and recording the voltage changes of each battery in the stack; during the voltage monitoring process, if the membrane electrode voltage exceeds 0.01V, its corresponding cathode plate is judged to be cross-leakage; after the voltage change tends to stabilize, stop introducing air into the cooling chamber. The duration of air introduction shall not exceed 3 minutes;

[0099] S04. Use nitrogen to purge the cathode cavity, anode cavity and cooling cavity, so that the voltage of each battery cell drops below 0.1V within 1 minute; after the voltage of each battery cell drops below 0.1V, stop voltage monitoring and recording.

[0100] Then replace the pipeline and check the leakage of the anode plate:

[0101] S01, introduce 100 SLPM of air into the cathode chamber of the stack, and introduce 100 SLPM of nitrogen into the anode chamber of the stack, and maintain natural back pressure in both chambers; after nitrogen is continuously introduced into the anode chamber for 3 minutes, ventilation is stopped, and the inlet and outlet valves of the anode chamber are closed;

[0102] S02. Then, 500 SLPM of hydrogen is introduced into the cooling chamber of the stack, the back pressure is maintained at 100 kPa, and the voltage change of each battery in the stack is monitored and recorded; during the voltage monitoring process, if the membrane electrode voltage exceeds 0.01 V, its corresponding anode plate is judged to be leaking; after the voltage change tends to be stable, stop introducing hydrogen into the cooling chamber, and the duration of introducing hydrogen shall not exceed 3 minutes;

[0103] S03. Use nitrogen to purge the cathode chamber, anode chamber and cooling chamber to reduce the voltage of each battery to below 0.1V within 1 minute; after the voltage of each battery drops below 0.1V, stop voltage monitoring and recording; draw a voltage distribution diagram of each battery (membrane electrode) after the voltage stabilizes, and mark the data of cathode leakage and anode leakage respectively, such as Figure 4 As shown. Figure 4 As shown, determine the plate leakage position.

[0104] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for quickly detecting plate leakage in a fuel cell stack, characterized in that: The steps include: S01, connecting the inlets and outlets of the three chambers of the battery stack to be tested to pipelines respectively, and then connecting the inspection of the battery stack test bench to the battery stack to be tested; the three chambers are a cathode chamber, an anode chamber and a cooling chamber; S02, respectively introducing a first gas into the cathode chamber and introducing a second gas into the anode chamber, and after three minutes, stopping introducing the first gas or stopping introducing the second gas; S03, introducing a third gas into the cooling chamber, while monitoring the voltage of each battery in the battery stack to be tested; after the voltage is stabilized, recording the stable voltage value, and stopping introducing the third gas; S04, using a second inert gas to purge the cathode cavity, the anode cavity and the cooling cavity to reduce the voltage of each battery in the battery stack to be tested to less than 0.1V, and stop voltage monitoring.

2. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S01, the battery stack to be tested is a battery stack having a cooling path structure alone; and the connection is performed in a room temperature environment.

3. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S02, The introduction of the first gas and the introduction of the second gas both maintain a natural back pressure; The first gas is a first inert gas, and the second gas is a reactive gas; or, The first gas is a first reaction gas, and the second gas is a first inert gas; The first inert gas is nitrogen, argon, helium or a nitrogen-helium mixture; The first reaction gas is hydrogen or air.

4. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the first gas is a first inert gas, after three minutes, the first gas is stopped from being introduced, and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline where the first gas is located are closed; When the second gas is the first inert gas, after three minutes, the introduction of the second gas is stopped, and the valves at the inlet and outlet of the pipeline where the second gas is located are closed.

5. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S03, the back pressure of the third gas is maintained at 40 kPa to 250 kPa; the time for the third gas to be introduced is ≤ 3 min; The third gas is the second reaction gas; the second reaction gas is hydrogen or air.

6. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S03, if the absolute value of the voltage value is less than the set value of the battery, then the battery plate has no cross-leakage; the plate is a cathode plate or an anode plate; If the absolute value of the voltage value is greater than the set value of the battery, then there is leakage in the electrode plate of the battery; the electrode plate is a cathode plate or an anode plate; The set value is 0.01V.

7. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S03, when the third gas is always hydrogen, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method: (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to a first inert gas; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to air; at this time, if leakage occurs on the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is negative; (2) Detecting whether the anode plate is leaking: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to air; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to a first inert gas; At this time, if leakage occurs on the anode plate, voltage can be detected on the battery in contact with the leakage anode plate, and the voltage is positive.

8. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S03, when the third gas is always air, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method: (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to be a first inert gas; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to be hydrogen; at this time, if leakage occurs on the cathode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery in contact with the leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is positive; (2) Detecting whether the anode plate has leakage: The first gas in the cathode chamber is set to hydrogen; the second gas in the anode chamber is set to the first inert gas; at this time, if the anode plate has leakage, a voltage can be detected on the battery in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is negative.

9. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S03, when the voltage value is always positive, the setting of the first gas, the second gas and the third gas is achieved by the following method: (1) Detecting whether the cathode plate is leaking: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to a first inert gas, the second gas in the anode chamber is set to hydrogen, and the third gas in the cooling chamber is set to air; At this time, if the cathode plate has cross leakage, the voltage can be detected on the battery in contact with the cross leakage cathode plate, and the voltage is positive; (2) Detecting whether the anode plate has leakage: the first gas in the cathode chamber is set to air, the second gas in the anode chamber is set to a first inert gas, and the third gas in the cooling chamber is set to hydrogen; at this time, if leakage occurs in the anode plate, a voltage can be detected on the battery in contact with the leaking anode plate, and the voltage is positive.

10. The method for rapid detection of plate leakage in a fuel cell stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S04, the reduction time is less than 1 minute; and the second inert gas is nitrogen, argon, helium or a nitrogen-helium mixture.

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