Techniques for beam management

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive a first reference signal (RS). The UE may transmit, based at least in part on the first RS, a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam of a set of UE beams. The UE may receive the second RS using the set of UE beams. The UE may identify a second UE beam of the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identifying based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam. The UE may communicate with the network node using the second UE beam. Numerous other aspects are described.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. non-provisional patent application No. 17 / 934,974, entitled “TECHNIQUES FOR BEAMMANAGEMENT,” filed on September 23, 2022, which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications, and to techniques and apparatus for beam management. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies that can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.). Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0005] A wireless network may include one or more network nodes that support communications for wireless communication devices, such as user equipment (UE) or multiple UEs. A UE may communicate with a network node via downlink communications and uplink communications. A "downlink" (or "DL") refers to a communication link from a network node to a UE, and an "uplink" (or "UL") refers to a communication link from a UE to a network node. Some wireless networks may support device-to-device communications, such as via a local link (e.g., a side link (SL), a wireless local area network (WLAN) link, and / or a wireless personal area network (WPAN) link, etc.).

[0006] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at a city, country, region, or global level. New Radio (NR), which may also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the downlink, using CP-OFDM or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) on the uplink, and supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation to improve spectrum efficiency, reduce costs, improve services, utilize new spectrum, and better integrate with other open standards. Summary of the invention

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE). The method may include receiving a first reference signal (RS). The method may include identifying the set of UE beams based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in a set of UE beams. The method may include sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first UE beam in the set of UE beams. The method may include receiving a second RS using a set of UE beams. The method may include identifying a second UE beam in a set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam. The method may include communicating with the network node using the second UE beam.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a UE for wireless communication. The user equipment may include a memory and one or more processors coupled to the memory. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a first RS. The one or more processors may be configured to: identify the group of UE beams based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in a group of UE beams. The one or more processors may be configured to: send a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first UE beam in the group of UE beams. The one or more processors may be configured to: receive a second RS using a group of UE beams. The one or more processors may be configured to: identify a second UE beam in a group of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on the spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam. The one or more processors may be configured to: communicate with the network node using the second UE beam.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a UE. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive a first RS. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: identify the group of UE beams based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in a group of UE beams. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: send a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first UE beam in the group of UE beams. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: receive a second RS using a group of UE beams. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to: identify a second UE beam in a group of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on the spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to communicate with a network node using a second UE beam.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include a component for receiving a first RS. The apparatus may include: a component for identifying the set of device beams based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one device beam in a set of device beams. The apparatus may include: a component for sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with a device based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first device beam in a set of device beams. The apparatus may include: a component for receiving a second RS using a set of device beams. The apparatus may include: a component for identifying a second device beam in a set of device beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on the spectral efficiency associated with the second device beam. The apparatus may include: a component for communicating with a network node using the second device beam.

[0011] Aspects collectively include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network entities, network nodes, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to the drawings and description and as illustrated in the drawings and description.

[0012] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite extensively above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for the same purpose of achieving the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (both their organization and methods of operation) and the associated advantages will be better understood according to the following description. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and not as a definition of limitations to the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to fully understand the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure, a more specific description of the invention briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to various aspects (some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings). However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate certain typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered as limiting the scope thereof, as the specification may admit of other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0014] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2is a diagram illustrating an example of communication between a network node and a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network according to the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture according to the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a beam management process according to the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example associated with beam management according to the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a UE according to the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communications according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The various aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms, and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout the present disclosure. On the contrary, these aspects are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the scope of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether it is implemented independently or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods implemented using other structures, functions, or structures and functions in addition to or different from the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the claims.

[0022] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0023] Although various aspects may be described herein using terms generally associated with 5G or new radio (NR) radio access technology (RAT), various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other RATs, such as 3G RAT, 4G RAT and / or RATs beyond 5G (e.g., 6G).

[0024] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network 100. The wireless network 100 may be a 5G (e.g., NR) network or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or may include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, among other examples. The wireless network 100 may include one or more network nodes 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), or other entities. The network node 110 is an example of a network node communicating with the UE 120. As shown, the network node 110 may include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 may be a converged network node, which means that the converged network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). For another example, the network node 110 may be a decomposed network node (sometimes referred to as a decomposed base station), which means that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes (such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)).

[0025] In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as an RU) that communicates with the UE 120 via a radio access link. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a DU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link. In some examples, the network node 110 is or includes a network node (such as a CU) that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with the core network via a backhaul link. In some examples, the network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a decomposed network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, and / or one or more DUs. For example, the network node 110 may include an NR base station, an LTE base station, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of a network, a core network node, a network element, a network equipment, a RAN node, or a combination thereof. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected to each other or to one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 via various types of fronthaul, midhaul, and / or backhaul interfaces (such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks) using any suitable transport network.

[0026] In some examples, the network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the term "cell" may refer to a coverage area of ​​the network node 110 or a network node subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. The network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several thousand meters) and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by a UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a residence) and may allow restricted access by a UE 120 associated with the femto cell (e.g., a UE 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node. Figure 1In the example shown in , network node 110a may be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b may be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c may be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node may support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of ​​a cell may move depending on the location of a mobile network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0027] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a converged base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more components thereof. For example, in some aspects, a "base station" or "network node" may refer to a CU, a DU, a RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in conjunction with the network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to a plurality of devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of a number of different devices (which may be located in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations) may be configured to perform at least a portion of a function, or to repeat the execution of at least a portion of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions may be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" may refer to one of the base station functions but not another base station function. In this way, a single device may include more than one base station.

[0028] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is a network node that receives transmissions of data from an upstream node (e.g., a network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmits transmissions of data to a downstream node (e.g., a UE 120 or a network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 that is capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs 120. Figure 1 In the example shown, a network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with a network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and a UE 120d to facilitate communications between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay station, a relay base station, a relay network node, a relay node, or a relay, etc.

[0029] The wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, or relay network nodes. These different types of network nodes 110 may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, or different effects on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while a pico network node, a femto network node, and a relay network node may have a lower transmit power level (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts).

[0030] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or in communication with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for the network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a backhaul communication link or a midhaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless backhaul communication link or a wired backhaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be or may include a CU or a core network device.

[0031] UE 120 can be distributed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 can be stationary or mobile. UE 120 can include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. UE 120 can be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet device, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicle-mounted component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.

[0032] Some UEs 120 may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) UEs. MTC UEs or eMTC UEs may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, or location tags, which may communicate with a network node, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered as customer premises equipment. UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as a processor component or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, a processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and a memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operably coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.

[0033] In general, any number of wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology or air interface. Frequency may also be referred to as a carrier or frequency channel. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs. In some cases, NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.

[0034] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using network node 110 as an intermediary to communicate with each other). For example, UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols), or mesh networks. In such examples, UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by network node 110.

[0035] Devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using an electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided into various categories, bands, or channels by frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR1 (410 MHz–7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz–52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “below 6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes occur with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0036] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus the features of FR1 or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz–71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz–114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz–300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0037] With these examples in mind, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "sub-6 GHz" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, frequencies that may be within FR1, or frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies. Additionally, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, frequencies that may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5, or frequencies that may be within the EHF band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5) may be modified, and that the techniques described herein are applicable to those modified frequency ranges.

[0038] In some aspects, UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may perform operations such as receiving a first RS; identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in a set of UE beams; sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam in a set of UE beams; receiving a second RS using a set of UE beams; identifying a second UE beam in a set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam; and communicating with the network node using the second UE beam. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0039] As indicated above, Figure 1 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 1 The content described is different.

[0040] Figure 2 2 is a diagram illustrating an example 200 of a network node 110 communicating with a UE 120 in a wireless network 100. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a to 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a to 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1). The network node 110 of example 200 includes one or more radio frequency components, such as an antenna 234 and a modem 254. In some examples, the network node 110 may include an interface, a communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with the UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with the UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0041] At the network node 110, the transmit processor 220 may receive data intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) from the data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may use one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120 to select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120. The network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 using the MCS selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols to the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS) or demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) or secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-coding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols, where applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a to 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of the modem 232. Each modem 232 may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using a corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may also process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, or up-convert) the output sample stream using a corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. The modems 232a to 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a to 234t).

[0042] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a to 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 or other network nodes 110, and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a to 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may use a corresponding demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, or digitize) the received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use a demodulator component to further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. A MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the modem 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols where applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data to the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers, one or more processors, or a combination thereof. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, or a CQI parameter, among other things. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0043] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in a core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0044] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a to 234t or antennas 252a to 252r) may include or may be included in one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. An antenna panel, antenna group, set of antenna elements, or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (in a single housing or multiple housings), a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or coupled to one or more transmit or receive components (such as Figure 2 One or more antenna elements of one or more components).

[0045] On the uplink, at the UE 120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 and control information from the controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, where applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and sent to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of an antenna 252, a modem 254, a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a transmit processor 264, or a TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (eg, controller / processor 280) and memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the processes described herein (eg, with reference to Figures 5 to 7 ).

[0046] At the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component of the modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by the MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted via the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and provide the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of antenna 234, modem 232, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, transmit processor 220, or TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., controller / processor 240) and memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the processes described herein (e.g., reference 200 to FIG. 1 ). Figures 5 to 7 ).

[0047] In some aspects, the controller / processor 280 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs that may be communicated to other systems or components, such as the UE 120. For example, the processing system of the UE 120 may be a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of the UE 120.

[0048] The processing system of UE 120 may interface with one or more other components of UE 120, may process information (such as input or signal) received from one or more other components, or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of UE 120 may include: a processing system, a first interface for receiving or obtaining information, and a second interface for outputting, sending, or providing information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between a processing system and a receiver of the chip or modem, so that UE 120 may receive information or signal input, and may pass the information to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between a processing system and a transmitter of the chip or modem, so that UE 120 may send information output from the chip or modem. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface may also obtain or receive information or signal input, and the first interface may also output, send, or provide information.

[0049] In some aspects, controller / processor 240 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs that may be passed to other systems or components, such as network node 110. For example, a processing system of network node 110 may be a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of network node 110.

[0050] The processing system of the network node 110 may interface with one or more other components of the network node 110, may process information (such as input or signal) received from one or more other components, or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the network node 110 may include: a processing system, a first interface for receiving or obtaining information, and a second interface for outputting, sending, or providing information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between a processing system and a receiver of the chip or modem, so that the network node 110 may receive information or signal input, and may pass information to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between a processing system and a transmitter of the chip or modem, so that the network node 110 may send information output from the chip or modem. A person of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface may also obtain or receive information or signal input, and the first interface may also output, send, or provide information.

[0051] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or Figure 2 Any other component of the network node 110 may perform one or more techniques associated with beam management, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or Figure 2 Any other component (or combination of components) may perform or direct, for example Figure 6 600 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. Memory 242 and memory 282 may store data and program codes for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, memory 242 and memory 282 may include non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions (e.g., code or program code) for wireless communication. For example, the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors of network node 110 or UE 120 (e.g., directly, or after compilation, conversion, or interpretation), may cause the one or more processors, UE 120, or network node 110 to perform or direct, for example, Figure 6 The process 600 and / or operations of other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running instructions, converting instructions, compiling instructions, and / or interpreting instructions, etc.

[0052] In some aspects, the UE includes: a component for receiving a first RS; a component for identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams; a component for sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first UE beam in the set of UE beams; a component for receiving a second RS using the set of UE beams; a component for identifying a second UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam; and / or a component for communicating with the network node using the second UE beam.

[0053] Although Figure 2 The blocks in the 2000 and 2010 are illustrated as distinct components, but the functionality described above for these blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combined component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functionality described for the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.

[0054] As indicated above, Figure 2 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 2 The content described is different.

[0055] The deployment of a communication system such as a 5G NR system can be arranged in a variety of ways with various components or components. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, a base station or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a base station (such as a node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a TRP or a cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent base station or a monolithic base station) or a decomposed base station. "Network entity" or "network node" may refer to a decomposed base station or one or more units of a decomposed base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, one or more RUs or a combination thereof).

[0056] An aggregated base station (e.g., an aggregated network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A decomposed base station (e.g., a decomposed network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), and the like.

[0057] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a decomposed base station may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A decomposed base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a decomposed base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the decomposed base station.

[0058] Figure 3 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 according to the present disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more disaggregated control units, such as a near-RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via an F1 interface. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0059] Each of the units (including CU 310, DU 330, RU 340) and the near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305 may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces, the one or more interfaces being configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. In some examples, each of the units may include a wired interface and a wireless interface, the wired interface being configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, the wireless interface being configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium, and the wireless interface being configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium, or to do both.

[0060] In some aspects, the CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include RRC functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 310. The CU 310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality), control plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, the CU 310 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0061] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers, at least in part, according to a functional partitioning (such as that defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, such as one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0062] Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions based on functional split (e.g., functional split defined by 3GPP) (such as lower layer functional split), such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc. In this architecture, each RU 340 may be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 120. In some specific implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0063] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and configuration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RTRIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate directly with each of the one or more RUs 340 via a corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0064] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0065] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0066] As indicated above, Figure 3 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 3 The content described is different.

[0067] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating examples 400, 410, and 420 of a beam management process according to the present disclosure. Figure 4 As shown, examples 400, 410, and 420 include a UE 120 communicating with a network node 110 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). Figure 4 The devices shown are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between UE 120 and network node 110 or TRP, between mobile terminal node and control node, between IAB child node and IAB parent node, and / or between scheduled node and scheduling node). In some aspects, UE 120 and network node 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., RRC connected state).

[0068] like Figure 4 As shown, example 400 may include a network node 110 (e.g., one or more network node devices such as RU, DU and / or CU) and a UE 120, the network node communicating with the UE to perform beam management using a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). Example 400 depicts a first beam management process (e.g., P1 beam management). The first beam management process may be referred to as a beam selection process, an initial beam acquisition process, a beam scanning process, a cell search process and / or a beam search process. Figure 4As shown in example 400, CSI-RS may be configured to be sent from network node 110 to UE 120. CSI-RS may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling), semi-persistent (e.g., using medium access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling), and / or aperiodic (e.g., using DCI).

[0069] The first beam management process may include the network node 110 performing beam scanning on multiple transmit (Tx) beams. The network node 110 may use each transmit beam used for beam management to transmit RS. In order to enable the UE 120 to perform receive (Rx) beam scanning, the network node may use the transmit beam to transmit each RS multiple times (e.g., using repetition) within the same RS resource set, so that the UE 120 can sweep the receive beam in multiple transmit instances. For example, if the network node 110 has a set of N transmit beams and the UE 120 has a set of M receive beams, the RS may be transmitted M times on each of the N transmit beams, so that the UE 120 can receive M instances of the RS per transmit beam. In other words, for each transmit beam of the network node 110, the UE 120 may perform beam scanning on the receive beam of the UE 120. Therefore, the first beam management process may enable UE 120 to use different receive beams to measure RSs on different transmit beams to support selection of a network node 110 transmit beam / UE 120 receive beam pair. UE 120 may report the measurement results to network node 110 to enable network node 110 to select one or more beam pairs for communication between network node 110 and UE 120.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, example 410 may include network node 110 and UE 120 communicating to perform beam management using CSI-RS. Example 410 depicts a second beam management process (e.g., P2 beam management). The second beam management process may be referred to as a beam refinement process, a network node beam refinement process, a TRP beam refinement process, and / or a transmit beam refinement process. Figure 4As shown in example 410, the CSI-RS may be configured to be transmitted from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RS may be configured to be non-periodic (e.g., using DCI). The second beam management process may include the network node 110 performing beam scanning on one or more transmit beams. The one or more transmit beams may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with the network node 110 (e.g., determined at least in part based on the measurement results reported by the UE 120 in conjunction with the first beam management process). The network node 110 may transmit the RS using each of the one or more transmit beams used for beam management. The UE 120 may measure each RS using a single (e.g., the same) receive beam (e.g., determined at least in part based on the measurement performed in conjunction with the first beam management process). The second beam management process may enable the network node 110 to select the best transmit beam based at least in part on the measurement of the CSI-RS reported by the UE 120 (e.g., measured by the UE 120 using a single receive beam).

[0071] like Figure 4 As shown, example 420 depicts a third beam management process (e.g., P3 beam management). The third beam management process may be referred to as a beam refinement process, a UE beam refinement process, and / or a receive beam refinement process. Figure 4 As shown in example 420, one or more CSI-RS may be configured to be sent from the network node 110 to the UE 120. The CSI-RS may be configured to be non-periodic (e.g., using DCI). The third beam management process may include the network node 110 sending one or more CSI-RS using a single transmit beam (e.g., determined at least in part based on measurements reported by the UE 120 in conjunction with the first beam management process and / or the second beam management process). In order to enable the UE 120 to perform receive beam scanning, the network node may use the transmit beam to send RS multiple times (e.g., using repetitions) within the same RS resource set, so that the UE 120 can sweep one or more receive beams in multiple transmission instances. The one or more receive beams may be a subset of all receive beams associated with the UE 120 (e.g., determined at least in part based on measurements performed in conjunction with the first beam management process and / or the second beam management process). The third beam management process may enable the network node 110 and / or UE 120 to select the best receive beam based at least in part on reported measurement results received from UE 120 (e.g., reported measurement results of the RS of the transmit beam received from the UE using the one or more receive beams).

[0072] As indicated above, Figure 4 is provided as an example of a beam management process. Other examples of beam management processes may be found with respect to Figure 4For example, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform the third beam management procedure before performing the second beam management procedure, and / or the UE 120 and the network node 110 may perform a similar beam management procedure to select a UE transmit beam.

[0073] In some networks, the UE may use the measured channel quality to identify the uplink serving UE beam (SUB) and the downlink SUB. A downlink SUB is a UE beam used to serve a downlink control channel (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) and a downlink data channel (e.g., a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)). A downlink SUB may also be used for CSI-RS acquisition and / or synchronization signal block (SSB)-based or tracking reference signal (TRS)-based loop tracking (e.g., for time tracking loop (TTL), frequency tracking loop (FTL), and / or automatic gain control (AGC)), etc. An uplink SUB is a UE beam used to serve an uplink control channel (e.g., a physical uplink shared channel (PUCCH)) and an uplink data channel (e.g., a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)). In some aspects, the uplink SUB may also be used for a sounding reference signal (SRS) and / or for SSB-based and / or TRS-based loop tracking (eg, if the uplink SUB is decoupled from the downlink SUB).

[0074] The UE may obtain a channel quality metric as measured using a reference signal sent by a network node, such as an SSB or CSI-RS, etc. The channel quality metric may include RSRP, signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and / or spectral efficiency (SPEFF) (e.g., measured in bits per second per Hertz), etc.

[0075] In some networks, UE beam selection may be based entirely on SSB RSRP. On a per-SSB basis, the best UE beam according to the SSBRSRP metric (e.g., collapsing between 2 receive ports, where collapsing includes using an average, maximum, or another combined operation) is maintained as a virtual serving UE beam (VSB), which is used for L1 SSB RSRP reporting. In some networks, the UE may also apply hysteresis when determining the best UE beam associated with the SSB RSRP metric. The VSB associated with the serving SSB (e.g., the serving network node transmit beam) is the best UE beam associated with the network node beam used to communicate with the UE. The VSB may be quasi-co-located (QCL) with the active transmit configuration indicator (TCI). If the uplink and downlink are coupled, the VSB may be the same for uplink and downlink communications.

[0076] The SSB may be used for beam management and / or UE beam selection based at least in part on the SSB being a periodic, always-on reference signal. In this way, the UE may reliably receive the SSB. However, the SSB is single-port signaling, which does not support estimation of rank-2 throughput. For example, based at least in part on using the SSB for UE beam selection (e.g., UE beam refinement), the UE may select the UE beam with the highest signal strength as measured on a single-port SSB. If the UE communicates with a network node using rank-2 communication, the UE beam with the highest signal strength as measured on a single-port SSB may not have the highest throughput for rank-2 communication. Based at least in part on using the best beam as measured using the SSB to communicate with the network node, the UE may have reduced spectral efficiency, which may consume excessive network resources to send a certain amount of data.

[0077] In some aspects described herein, a UE may receive a first RS (e.g., SSB) and may identify a best network node beam and a best UE beam (e.g., first UE beam and / or VSB) relative to the first RS based at least in part on measurements of the first RS (e.g., single-port RS). The UE may also identify a set of UE beams for measuring a second RS (e.g., CSI-RS) to identify the best beam (e.g., SUB and / or second UE beam) for communicating with a network node. A set of UE beams may be selected based at least in part on measuring a first RS having a signal strength that meets a threshold and / or is within a threshold signal strength difference from a signal strength measured using the best UE beam.

[0078] The UE may measure the second RS using a set of UE beams to determine the best beam for communicating with the network node. In some aspects, the second RS may be a rank 2 communication or another multi-rank communication. In some aspects, the UE may use the second RS to measure SPEFF and / or RSRP.

[0079] In some aspects, the UE may beam scan the UE beam on the first RS (e.g., SSB or other single port signaling). The UE may maintain different VSBs for the uplink and for the downlink based at least in part on measurements of the first RS. Always-on SSBs may be well suited for optimal signaling for beam tracking, such as in scenarios with high mobility of the UE.

[0080] In some aspects, the initial downlink SUB is a downlink VSB (e.g., based on SSB RSRP and / or best UE beam with hysteresis) associated with the serving SSB (e.g., QCL to active TCI). In some aspects, the initial uplink SUB is an uplink VSB (e.g., based on SSB virtual power headroom (VPHR) and / or best beam with hysteresis) associated with the serving SSB (e.g., QCL to active TCI).

[0081] In some aspects, the UE may generate an L1 SSB RSRP and / or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) report using measurements of the first RS. For example, the UE may generate a report based at least in part on measurements of the first RS using the best UE beam for each of the SSB beams.

[0082] In some aspects, the UE may use measurements of a first RS (e.g., sent by a network node on a serving SSB) to identify a set of UE beams for phase-2 refinement scanning. The set of UE beams may include UE beams within X dB of SSB RSRP for a downlink VSB, beams within Y dB of SSB VPHR for an uplink VSB, and / or beams predicted to be strong in the uplink or downlink (e.g., predicted using a machine learning model), etc.

[0083] In some aspects, the set of UE beams may be regenerated upon a VSB change (e.g., for uplink or downlink), a TCI update (e.g., indicating a changed network node transmit beam), and / or a cell handover, among other things.

[0084] In some aspects, the UE may measure a second RS using a UE beam in the set of UE beams selected at least in part based on the first RS (e.g., using beam scanning). The second RS may include a CSI-RS or another RS ​​with multiple ports (e.g., rank 2+). The CSI-RS may include an acquisition CSI-RS, a P2 CSI-RS, and / or a P3 CSI-RS, etc. The UE may obtain quality metrics such as 2x2 RSRP and / or SPEFF for each UE beam in the set of UE beams.

[0085] In some aspects, the UE may be configured such that if CSI-RS RSRP or SPEFF is available for a downlink VSB associated with a serving SSB, the UE may set the downlink SUB to the best beam as a function of SPEFF and / or hysteresis. SPEFF may more accurately measure beam quality for downlink beam selection than SSB RSRP and / or SNR. If CSI-RS RSRP or SPEFF is not available for a downlink VSB associated with a serving SSB, the UE may set the downlink SUB to the DL VSB associated with the serving SSB. This allows the UE to communicate using VSB if the VSB changes at least in part based on, for example, mobility and the UE has not yet regenerated a set of UE beams into a refined beam list for CSI-RS scanning based at least in part on the downlink VSB.

[0086] In some aspects, the UE may be configured such that if CSI-RS RSRP or SPEFF is available for an uplink VSB associated with a serving SSB, the UE may set the uplink SUB to the best beam based on the estimated SPEFF based at least in part on measuring the CSI-RS RSRP and / or some hysteresis. CSI-RS RSRP and / or SPEFF may more accurately measure beam quality for uplink beam selection than SSB VPHR. If CSI-RS RSRP or SPEFF is not available for an uplink VSB associated with a serving SSB, the UE may set the uplink SUB to the UL VSB associated with the serving SSB. This allows the UE to communicate using VSB if the VSB changes at least in part based on, for example, mobility and the UE has not yet regenerated a set of UE beams into a refined beam list for CSI-RS scanning based at least in part on the uplink VSB.

[0087] In some aspects, there may be up to 4 UE beams that use periodic monitoring for both SSB and CSI-RS. The downlink VSB is the best beam based on SSB RSRP and / or based at least in part on one or more parameters or hysteresis. The downlink VSB may be used for L1 and / or L3 reporting. The uplink VSB is the best beam based on SSB VPHR and / or based at least in part on one or more parameters or hysteresis. The downlink SUB is the best beam based on DL SPEFF and / or based at least in part on one or more parameters or hysteresis (e.g., for the lowest PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) ID). The uplink SUB is the best beam based on CSI-RS RSRP and / or uplink estimate of SPEFF and / or based at least in part on one or more parameters or hysteresis (e.g., for SRS codebook).

[0088] If uplink and downlink beam decoupling is not supported, uplink VSB and / or uplink SUB may be set to downlink VSB and / or downlink SUB.

[0089] The timing offset may be measured only on the downlink reference signal.For example, the tracking loop may not be supported on both the downlink SUB and the uplink SUB based at least in part on the fact that only one direction is available for receiving the RS associated with the tracking loop.

[0090] In some aspects, the downlink SUB may be used as an input to a tracking loop on a serving SSB measurement (e.g., physical broadcast channel (PBCH), SSS, and / or PBCH of the SSB) for time and frequency offset determination. In some aspects, if the communication is time division duplex (e.g., in FR2), the uplink SUB may be periodically used to measure the timing offset on the serving SSB (SSS only), and the frequency offset follows the tracking loop on the downlink SUB.

[0091] Based at least in part on the UE sending a report indicating the best network node beam based at least in part on a measurement of the best beam associated with the network node beam and / or based at least in part on the UE using different beams to communicate with the network node (based at least in part on a quality metric that takes into account SPEFF), the UE and the network node may communicate with increased spectral efficiency. In this way, the UE and the network node may save network resources (e.g., based at least in part on an improved SPEFF to support multi-rank communication), power resources, and / or may have an improved range. Additionally or alternatively, based at least in part on the UE sending a report indicating the best network node beam based at least in part on a measurement of the best beam associated with the network node beam (e.g., instead of using the signal strength of the best network node beam as measured by the UE beam with the best SPEFF), the network node may avoid selecting a network node beam that is inferior to the best network node beam.

[0092] Figure 5 is a diagram of an example 500 associated with beam management according to the present disclosure. Figure 5 As shown, a network node (e.g., network node 110, CU, DU, and / or RU) may communicate with a UE (e.g., UE 120). In some aspects, the network node and the UE may be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). The UE and the network node may be in a Figure 5 The operations shown are performed after a wireless connection has been established.

[0093] As indicated by reference numeral 505, the network node may send configuration information, and the UE may receive the configuration information. In some aspects, the UE may receive the configuration information via one or more of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, one or more MAC CEs, and / or downlink control information (DCI), etc. In some aspects, the configuration information may include an indication of one or more configuration parameters for the UE to select (e.g., known to the UE and / or previously indicated by the network node or other network device) and / or explicit configuration information for the UE to configure the UE, etc.

[0094] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE is to send an indication of the best network node beam to the network node (e.g., an L1 report) based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS as measured by the first UE beam having the highest signal strength for the first RS on the best network node beam. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the UE may communicate with the network node using a second UE beam different from the first UE beam.

[0095] The UE may configure itself based at least in part on the configuration information.In some aspects, the UE may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information.

[0096] As indicated by reference numeral 510, the UE may send a capability report and the network node may receive the capability report. In some aspects, the capability report may indicate that the UE supports communicating with the network node using a second UE beam different from the first UE beam.

[0097] As shown by reference numeral 515, the UE may receive and the network node may send a first RS. In some aspects, the first RS may be a periodically transmitted RS. For example, the first RS may include an SSB. In some aspects, the first RS may be a single-port (e.g., rank 1) signal.

[0098] As shown by reference numeral 520, the UE may select a network node beam and a first UE beam based at least in part on the first RS. For example, the UE may measure the first RS as transmitted via different network node beams and measured using different UE beams. In this way, the UE may identify the network node beam and the first UE beam as the beam pair associated with the highest signal strength (e.g., the highest RSRP).

[0099] In some aspects, the first UE beam may include a UE receive beam or a UE transmit beam.For example, the UE may select the UE transmit beam based at least in part on an assumption of reciprocity and measuring the QCL UE receive beam of the first RS having the highest signal strength.

[0100] In some aspects, the UE may select the first UE beam based at least in part on a signal strength of the first UE beam relative to a signal strength of a group of UE beams, or a power headroom of the first UE beam relative to a power headroom of the group of UE beams. For example, the first UE beam may have the highest power headroom and / or the highest signal strength.

[0101] As indicated by reference numeral 525, the UE may identify a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of a first RS as measured via one or more UE beams. For example, the UE may identify UE beams to be included in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the identified UE beams being associated with a measurement of a first RS that satisfies a threshold as sent via a network node beam. In some aspects, the set of UE beams includes: a UE beam having a signal strength difference that satisfies a signal strength difference threshold relative to the first UE beam; a UE beam having a power headroom difference that satisfies a power headroom difference threshold relative to the first UE beam; or a UE beam that is predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on the measurement of the first RS. For example, the identified UE beam may have measured a first RS having a signal strength that satisfies a threshold and / or having a signal strength that is within a threshold signal strength difference from the signal strength as measured by the first UE beam.

[0102] As indicated by reference numeral 530, the UE may send, and the network node may receive, a report (e.g., an L1 and / or L3 report) that includes an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE, wherein the network node beam is selected based at least in part on a signal strength of a first RS as measured via a first UE beam. In some aspects, the UE may report a measured signal strength of a network node beam and / or a first RS associated with the network node beam as measured by a UE beam measuring the first RS having the highest measured signal strength (e.g., rather than by a UE beam measuring a second RS transmitted via a network node beam having the highest SPEFF).

[0103] As indicated by reference numeral 535, the UE may receive a second RS, and the network node may send the second RS. In some aspects, as indicated in conjunction with reference numeral 530, the network node may send the second RS via a network node beam. In some aspects, the second RS may include a multi-port RS, such as a CSI-RS. In some aspects, the second RS may be associated with an acquisition and / or beam management process (e.g., a P2 or P3 beam management process).

[0104] In some aspects, the UE may measure the second RS via the UE beam and / or the UE receive beam QCL with the UE beam in the set of UE beams. For example, the UE may determine the SPEFF metric for each UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS.

[0105] As shown by reference numeral 540, the UE may identify a second UE beam in a set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS. In some aspects, the UE may identify the second UE beam based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam (e.g., when measuring the second RS). For example, the UE may measure the second RS using UE beams in a set of UE beams (e.g., each UE beam in the set) to identify the second UE beam having the highest SPEFF or other metric associated with multi-port and / or rank 2+ communication.

[0106] In some aspects, the second UE beam may include a UE receive beam or a UE transmit beam.For example, the UE may select the UE transmit beam based at least in part on an assumption of reciprocity and measuring the QCL UE receive beam of the first RS having the highest signal strength.

[0107] The UE may receive communications sent via the network node beam and received via the second UE beam, as indicated by reference numeral 545. In this manner, the UE may utilize the second UE beam for downlink communications.

[0108] The UE may transmit communications that are transmitted via the second UE beam and received via the network beam, as indicated by reference numeral 550. In this manner, the UE may utilize the second UE beam for uplink communications.

[0109] The UE may receive, and the network node may send, periodic transmissions of the first RS as indicated by reference numeral 555. For example, the UE may receive an SSB in a subsequent SSB resource (eg, after receiving the SSB described in conjunction with reference numeral 515).

[0110] As shown by reference numeral 560, the UE may identify a timing offset and / or a frequency offset based at least in part on a first RS (e.g., reception of the first RS described in conjunction with reference numerals 515 and / or 555). In some aspects, when the second UE beam is a downlink UE beam, the UE may obtain the timing offset and / or the frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via the second UE beam. In some aspects, the UE may obtain the timing offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via the second UE beam, and may obtain the frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via a third UE beam (e.g., when the second UE beam is an uplink UE beam and the third UE beam is a downlink UE beam).

[0111] As shown by reference numeral 565, the UE may identify a third UE beam based at least in part on the periodic transmission of the first RS. For example, when measuring the best network node beam (e.g., the same network node beam identified in conjunction with reference numeral 520 or a different network node beam), the UE may identify the third beam as the VSB with the highest signal strength.

[0112] As indicated by reference numeral 570, the UE may communicate with the network node using a third UE beam. For example, the UE may communicate with the network node using the third UE beam based at least in part on the fact that the UE has not measured the second RS for SPEFF or another multi-port and / or rank 2+ metric. In some aspects, the UE may communicate with the network node using the third UE beam instead of the second UE beam based at least in part on the failure to receive a subsequent transmission of the second RS prior to resources associated with communication with the same network node (e.g., these resources occur in time before the UE measures and / or determines an updated set of UE beams and / or associated SPEFF), the third UE beam fails to be included in the set of UE beams, and / or the third UE beam is different from the first UE beam. For example, the set of UE beams may be static whenever the first beam is changed (e.g., the VSB changes) or only when the third beam (e.g., the new VSB) is not included in the set of UE beams, etc. The UE may use the VSB as a SUB until the UE obtains a measurement of the SPEFF of the updated set of UE beams.

[0113] Based at least in part on the UE sending a report indicating the best network node beam based at least in part on a measurement of the best beam associated with the network node beam and / or based at least in part on the UE using different beams to communicate with the network node (based at least in part on a quality metric that takes into account SPEFF), the UE and the network node may communicate with increased spectral efficiency. In this way, the UE and the network node may save network resources (e.g., based at least in part on an improved SPEFF to support multi-rank communication), power resources, and / or may have an improved range. Additionally or alternatively, based at least in part on the UE sending a report indicating the best network node beam based at least in part on a measurement of the best beam associated with the network node beam (e.g., instead of using the signal strength of the best network node beam as measured by the UE beam with the best SPEFF), the network node may avoid selecting a network node beam that is inferior to the best network node beam.

[0114] As indicated above, Figure 5 are provided as examples. Other examples can be found in the Figure 5 The content described is different.

[0115] Figure 6is a diagram illustrating an example process 600 performed, for example, by a UE in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 600 is an example of operations in which a UE (eg, UE 120) performs techniques for beam management.

[0116] like Figure 6 As shown, in some aspects, process 600 may include receiving a first RS (block 610). For example, a UE (e.g., using Figure 7 The communication manager 140 and / or receiving component 702 depicted in FIG. 7 may receive the first RS, as described above.

[0117] like Figure 6 As further shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may include identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of a first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams (block 620). Figure 7 The communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 708 depicted in the figure may identify the set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams, as described above.

[0118] like Figure 6 As further shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may include sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam in a set of UE beams (block 630). For example, a UE (e.g., using Figure 7 The communication manager 140 and / or sending component 704 depicted in the figure may send a report including an indication of a network node beam used to communicate with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam in a set of UE beams, as described above.

[0119] like Figure 6 As further shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may include: receiving a second RS using a set of UE beams (block 640). For example, a UE (e.g., using Figure 7 The communication manager 140 and / or receiving component 702 depicted in FIG. 1 may use a set of UE beams to receive a second RS, as described above.

[0120] like Figure 6 As further shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may include identifying a second UE beam in a set of UE beams based at least in part on a second RS, the identification based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam (block 650). Figure 7The communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 708 depicted in FIG. 1 may identify a second UE beam in a set of UE beams based at least in part on a second RS, the identification being based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam, as described above.

[0121] like Figure 6 As further shown in FIG. 6 , in some aspects, process 600 may include: communicating with a network node using a second UE beam (block 660). Figure 7 The communication manager 140 and / or the communication manager 708 depicted in FIG. 1 may communicate with the network node using a second UE beam, as described above.

[0122] Process 600 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in conjunction with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0123] In a first aspect, a group of UE beams includes one or more of: a UE beam having a signal strength difference satisfying a signal strength difference threshold relative to a first UE beam; a UE beam having a power headroom difference satisfying a power headroom difference threshold relative to the first UE beam; or a UE beam predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on measurements of a first RS.

[0124] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first UE beam and the second UE beam comprise one or more of a UE receive beam or a UE transmit beam.

[0125] In a third aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, process 600 includes selecting a first UE beam based at least in part on one or more of: a signal strength of the first UE beam relative to a signal strength of a group of UE beams, or a power headroom of the first UE beam relative to a power headroom of the group of UE beams.

[0126] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the first RS includes an SSB, and wherein the second RS includes a CSI-RS.

[0127] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the CSI-RS is associated with an acquisition or beam management process.

[0128] In a sixth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects 1 to 5, receiving a first RS comprises measuring the first RS using a UE beam comprising a group of UE beams, and wherein receiving a second RS using a group of UE beams comprises measuring the second RS using a group of UE beams to obtain a measurement of the second RS per beam.

[0129] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to six, process 600 includes: measuring periodic transmissions of a first RS at subsequent time resources; identifying a third UE beam based at least in part on signal strength of periodic transmissions of the first RS at subsequent time resources as measured by the UE beam; and communicating with a network node using the third UE beam based at least in part on one or more of the following: receiving a subsequent transmission of the second RS before resources associated with communication with the same network node, the third UE beam failing to be included in a set of UE beams, or the third UE beam being different from the first UE beam.

[0130] In an eighth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to seven, communicating with a network node using a second UE beam includes: communicating uplink communications using a second UE beam, communicating downlink communications using a second UE beam, or communicating downlink communications and uplink communications using a second UE beam.

[0131] In a ninth aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of aspects one to eight, process 600 comprises obtaining one or more of a timing offset or a frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of a first RS via a second UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

[0132] In the tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more aspects of the first to ninth aspects, process 600 includes: obtaining a timing offset based at least in part on a measurement of a first RS via a second UE beam; and obtaining a frequency offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via a third UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is an uplink UE beam, and wherein the third UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

[0133] although Figure 6 Example blocks of process 600 are shown, but in some aspects, process 600 may include Figure 6 Additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or blocks arranged in a different manner than those depicted in the process 600. Additionally or alternatively, two or more of the blocks in the process 600 may be performed in parallel.

[0134] Figure 7700 is a diagram of an example apparatus 700 for wireless communication according to the present disclosure. Apparatus 700 may be a UE, or a UE may include apparatus 700. In some aspects, apparatus 700 includes a receiving component 702 and a transmitting component 704, which may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses and / or one or more other components). As shown, apparatus 700 may communicate with another apparatus 706 (such as a UE, a base station, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 702 and transmitting component 704. As further shown, apparatus 700 may include a communication manager 708 (e.g., communication manager 140).

[0135] In some aspects, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform Figure 5 Additionally or alternatively, the apparatus 700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 6 The process 600. In some aspects, Figure 7 The device 700 and / or one or more components shown may include a combination of Figure 2 One or more components of the UE. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 7 One or more of the components shown may be combined with Figure 2 Additionally or alternatively, one or more components in the component set may be implemented at least in part as software stored in a memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or codes stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and may be executed by a controller or processor to perform the function or operation of the component.

[0136] The receiving component 702 may receive communications from the device 706, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof. The receiving component 702 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the device 700. In some aspects, the receiving component 702 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components of the device 700. In some aspects, the receiving component 702 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiving processors, controllers / processors, memories or combinations thereof of the UE.

[0137] The transmitting component 704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or combinations thereof, to the device 706. In some aspects, one or more other components of the device 700 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmitting component 704 for transmission to the device 706. In some aspects, the transmitting component 704 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications and may transmit the processed signals to the device 706. In some aspects, the transmitting component 704 may include combining Figure 2 One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, memories, or combinations thereof of the UE. In some aspects, the transmit component 704 can be co-located with the receive component 702 in a transceiver.

[0138] The receiving component 702 may receive a first RS. The communication manager 708 may identify the set of UE beams based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams. The sending component 704 may send a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first UE beam in the set of UE beams. The receiving component 702 may receive a second RS using the set of UE beams. The communication manager 708 may identify a second UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on the spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam. The communication manager 708 may communicate with the network node using the second UE beam.

[0139] The communications manager 708 may select the first UE beam based at least in part on one or more of: a signal strength of the first UE beam relative to a signal strength of a group of UE beams, or a power headroom of the first UE beam relative to a power headroom of the group of UE beams.

[0140] The communication manager 708 and / or the receiving component 702 can measure the periodic transmission of the first RS at subsequent time resources.

[0141] The communication manager 708 may identify a third UE beam based at least in part on a signal strength of periodic transmissions of the first RS at subsequent time resources as measured by the UE beam.

[0142] The communication manager 708, the receiving component 702 and / or the sending component 704 may communicate with the network node using the third UE beam based at least in part on one or more of the following: a subsequent transmission of the second RS was not received prior to resources associated with communication with the same network node, the third UE beam was not included in a set of UE beams, or the third UE beam was different from the first UE beam.

[0143] The communications manager 708 may obtain one or more of a timing offset or a frequency offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via a second UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

[0144] The communications manager 708 may obtain the timing offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via the second UE beam.

[0145] The communication manager 708 may obtain the frequency offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via a third UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is an uplink UE beam, and wherein the third UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

[0146] Figure 7 The number and arrangement of components shown are provided as examples. In practice, there may be Figure 7 Additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner than those shown. Figure 7 Two or more components shown may be implemented in a single component, or Figure 7 The single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 7 The illustrated set of component(s) may be described as being executable by Figure 7 Another collection of components shown performs one or more functions.

[0147] The following provides an overview of some aspects of the disclosure:

[0148] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a first reference signal (RS); identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams; sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication being based at least in part on the signal strength of the first RS using the first UE beam in the set of UE beams; receiving a second RS using the set of UE beams; identifying a second UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam; and communicating with the network node using the second UE beam.

[0149] Aspect 2: A method according to Aspect 1, wherein the set of UE beams includes one or more of the following: a UE beam having a signal strength difference satisfying a signal strength difference threshold relative to the first UE beam, a UE beam having a power headroom difference satisfying a power headroom difference threshold relative to the first UE beam, or a UE beam predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on measurements of the first RS.

[0150] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the first UE beam and the second UE beam include one or more of a UE receive beam or a UE transmit beam.

[0151] Aspect 4: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the method also includes selecting the first UE beam at least in part based on one or more of the following items: the signal strength of the first UE beam relative to the signal strength of the group of UE beams, or the power headroom of the first UE beam relative to the power headroom of the group of UE beams.

[0152] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the first RS comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB), and wherein the second RS comprises a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

[0153] Aspect 6: The method according to aspect 5, wherein the CSI-RS is associated with an acquisition or beam management process.

[0154] Aspect 7: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein receiving the first RS includes measuring the first RS using a UE beam including the set of UE beams, and wherein receiving the second RS using the set of UE beams includes measuring the second RS using the set of UE beams to obtain a measurement of the second RS per beam.

[0155] Aspect 8: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 7, the method also includes: measuring the periodic transmission of the first RS at subsequent time resources; identifying a third UE beam based at least in part on the signal strength of the periodic transmission of the first RS at the subsequent time resources as measured by the UE beam; and using the third UE beam to communicate with the network node based at least in part on one or more of the following: failure to receive subsequent transmissions of the second RS before resources associated with communication with the network node, failure to be included in the set of UE beams, or the third UE beam being different from the first UE beam.

[0156] Aspect 9: A method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein using the second UE beam to communicate with the network node includes: using the second UE beam to convey uplink communication, using the second UE beam to convey downlink communication, or using the second UE beam to convey downlink communication and uplink communication.

[0157] Aspect 10: According to any one of Aspects 1 to 9, the method also includes: obtaining one or more of a timing offset or a frequency offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via the second UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

[0158] Aspect 11: According to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, the method further includes: obtaining a timing offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via the second UE beam; and obtaining a frequency offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via a third UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is an uplink UE beam, and wherein the third UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

[0159] Aspect 12: An apparatus for performing wireless communications at a device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to one or more of Aspects 1 to 11.

[0160] Aspect 13: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a memory and one or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to execute the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0161] Aspect 14: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0162] Aspect 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0163] Aspect 16: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions, which, when executed by one or more processors of a device, causes the device to perform the method according to one or more aspects of aspects 1 to 11.

[0164] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the various aspects.

[0165] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly interpreted as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase "based on" is intended to be broadly interpreted as "based at least in part on". As used herein, depending on the context, "satisfying a threshold value" may refer to a value greater than a threshold value, greater than or equal to a threshold value, less than a threshold value, less than or equal to a threshold value, equal to a threshold value, not equal to a threshold value, etc. As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of these items (including a single member). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover: a, b, c, a+b, a+c, b+c, and a+b+c.

[0166] In addition, as used herein, the article "one" is intended to include one or more items, and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the article "said" is intended to include one or more items connected to the article "said", and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". In addition, as used herein, the term "group" and "group" are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items), and can be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only one item is intended to be referred to, the phrase "only one" or similar terms will be used. Moreover, as used herein, the term "having" and similar terms are intended to be open terms that do not limit the elements (e.g., element "including" A can also contain B) that they modify. In addition, as used herein, the term "or" is intended to be inclusive when used in a sequence, and can be used interchangeably with "and / or", unless otherwise expressly stated (e.g., in the case of being used in combination with "any one of" or "only one of").

[0167] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic processes described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been generally described in terms of functionality and is illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and processes described herein. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0168] The hardware and data processing devices for implementing the various exemplary logics, logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, specific processes and methods may be performed by circuits dedicated to a given function.

[0169] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents, or any combination thereof. Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification may also be implemented as one or more computer programs (e.g., one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on computer storage media to be executed by a data processing apparatus or to control the operation of the data processing apparatus.

[0170] If implemented in software, the function may be stored as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium or sent via a computer-readable medium. The process of the method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor executable software module that may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, and communication media include any medium that can realize the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium that a computer can access. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer. In addition, any connection may be appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. Disks and optical disks as used herein include compact disks (CDs), laser disks, optical disks, digital versatile disks (DVDs), floppy disks and blue-ray disks, wherein disks generally reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks reproduce data optically with lasers. The combination of media described herein should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as a code and instruction set, or any combination of code and instruction sets, on a machine-readable medium or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.

[0171] Various modifications to the various aspects described in this disclosure may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be granted the broadest scope consistent with the disclosure, the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0172] Additionally, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the terms "upper" and "lower" are sometimes used for ease of describing the drawings and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the drawings on a correctly oriented page, and may not reflect the correct orientation of any device as implemented.

[0173] Certain features described in this specification in the context of independent aspects may also be implemented in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single aspect may also be implemented in multiple aspects individually or in any suitable subcombination. In addition, while features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination may in some cases be removed from the combination, and a claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variations of a subcombination.

[0174] Similarly, although the operations are depicted in a specific order in the figure, this should not be understood as requiring such operations to be performed in the specific order shown or in a sequential order, or to perform all the illustrated operations to achieve the desired result. In addition, the accompanying drawings can schematically depict one or more example processes in the form of a flow chart. However, other operations not depicted can be incorporated into the example processes schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, at the same time, or between any operations in the illustrated operations. In some environments, multitasking and parallel processing are advantageous. In addition, the separation of various system components in the various aspects described should not be understood as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other aspects also fall within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions recorded in the claims can be performed in different orders and still achieve the desired result.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a first reference signal (RS); identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams; sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam in the set of UE beams; receiving a second RS using the set of UE beams; identifying a second UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam; and Communicate with a network node using the second UE beam.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the group of UEs includes one or more of the following: a UE beam having a signal strength difference satisfying a signal strength difference threshold relative to the first UE beam, a UE beam having a power headroom difference satisfying a power headroom difference threshold with respect to said first UE beam, or A UE beam predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on measurements of the first RS.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first UE beam and the second UE beam comprise one or more of a UE receive beam or a UE transmit beam.

4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first UE beam is selected based at least in part on one or more of: the signal strength of the first UE beam relative to the signal strength of the set of UE beams, or The power headroom of the first UE beam relative to the power headrooms of the set of UE beams.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first RS comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB), and The second RS includes a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The method of claim 5 , wherein the CSI-RS is associated with an acquisition or beam management process.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first RS comprises measuring the first RS using a UE beam including the set of UE beams, and Wherein receiving the second RS using the set of UE beams includes measuring the second RS using the set of UE beams to obtain a measurement of the second RS per beam.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: measuring periodic transmission of the first RS at subsequent time resources; identifying a third UE beam based at least in part on a signal strength of the periodic transmission of the first RS at the subsequent time resource as measured by the UE beam; and communicating with the network node using the third UE beam based at least in part on one or more of: a subsequent transmission of the second RS is not received prior to a resource associated with communication with the network node, The third UE beam fails to be included in the set of UE beams, or The third UE beam is different from the first UE beam.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein communicating with the network node using the second UE beam comprises: communicating uplink communications using the second UE beam, communicating downlink communications using the second UE beam, or Downlink communications and uplink communications are communicated using the second UE beam.

10. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining one or more of a timing offset or a frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via the second UE beam, Wherein the second UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining a timing offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via the second UE beam; as well as obtaining a frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via a third UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is an uplink UE beam, and Wherein the third UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

12. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, the user equipment (UE) comprising: Memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to: receiving a first reference signal (RS); identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams; sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam in the set of UE beams; receiving a second RS using the set of UE beams; identifying a second UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam; and Communicate with a network node using the second UE beam.

13. The UE of claim 12, wherein the set of UE beams comprises one or more of: a UE beam having a signal strength difference satisfying a signal strength difference threshold relative to the first UE beam, a UE beam having a power headroom difference satisfying a power headroom difference threshold with respect to said first UE beam, or A UE beam predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on measurements of the first RS.

14. The UE of claim 12, wherein the first UE beam and the second UE beam comprise one or more of a UE receive beam or a UE transmit beam.

15. The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to select the first UE beam based at least in part on one or more of: the signal strength of the first UE beam relative to the signal strength of the set of UE beams, or The power headroom of the first UE beam relative to the power headrooms of the set of UE beams.

16. The UE according to claim 12, wherein the first RS comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB), and The second RS includes a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

17. The UE of claim 16, wherein the CSI-RS is associated with an acquisition or beam management process.

18. The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors for receiving the first RS are configured to measure the first RS using a UE beam including the set of UE beams, and Wherein the one or more processors for receiving the second RS using the set of UE beams are configured to measure the second RS using the set of UE beams to obtain a measurement of the second RS per beam.

19. The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: measuring periodic transmission of the first RS at subsequent time resources; identifying a third UE beam based at least in part on a signal strength of the periodic transmission of the first RS at the subsequent time resource as measured by the UE beam; and communicating with the network node using the third UE beam based at least in part on one or more of: a subsequent transmission of the second RS is not received prior to a resource associated with communication with the network node, The third UE beam fails to be included in the set of UE beams, or The third UE beam is different from the first UE beam.

20. The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors for communicating with the network node using the second UE beam are configured to: communicating uplink communications using the second UE beam, communicating downlink communications using the second UE beam, or Downlink communications and uplink communications are communicated using the second UE beam.

21. The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: obtaining one or more of a timing offset or a frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via the second UE beam, Wherein the second UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

22. The UE of claim 12, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: obtaining a timing offset based at least in part on a measurement of the first RS via the second UE beam; and obtaining a frequency offset based at least in part on measurements of the first RS via a third UE beam, wherein the second UE beam is an uplink UE beam, and Wherein the third UE beam is a downlink UE beam.

23. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising: One or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receiving a first reference signal (RS); identifying a set of UE beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one UE beam in the set of UE beams; sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the UE based at least in part on the first RS, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first UE beam in the set of UE beams; receiving a second RS using the set of UE beams; identifying a second UE beam in the set of UE beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second UE beam; and Communicate with the network node using the second UE beam.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the set of UE beams comprises one or more of: a UE beam having a signal strength difference satisfying a signal strength difference threshold relative to the first UE beam, a UE beam having a power headroom difference satisfying a power headroom difference threshold with respect to said first UE beam, or A UE beam predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on measurements of the first RS.

25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the first RS comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB), and The second RS includes a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

26. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 23, wherein the one or more instructions further cause the UE to measure the first RS using a UE beam including the set of UE beams, and The one or more instructions further cause the UE to measure the second RS using the set of UE beams to obtain a measurement of the second RS per beam.

27. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: means for receiving a first reference signal (RS); means for identifying a set of device beams based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS as measured via at least one device beam of the set of device beams; means for sending a report including an indication of a network node beam for communicating with the device based at least in part on the first RS, the indication based at least in part on a signal strength of the first RS using a first device beam in the set of device beams; means for receiving a second RS using the set of device beams; means for identifying a second device beam in the set of device beams based at least in part on the second RS, the identification being based at least in part on a spectral efficiency associated with the second device beam; and Means for communicating with the network node using the second device beam.

28. The device of claim 27, wherein the set of device beams comprises one or more of: a device beam having a signal strength difference satisfying a signal strength difference threshold relative to said first device beam, a device beam having a power headroom difference satisfying a power headroom difference threshold relative to said first device beam, or A device beam is predicted to have the highest spectral efficiency based at least in part on measurements of the first RS.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the first RS comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB), and The second RS includes a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).

30. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising: means for measuring the first RS using a device beam comprising the set of device beams, and Means for measuring the second RS using the set of device beams to obtain a measurement of the second RS per beam.

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