High-scanning-rate frequency scanning patch antenna and wireless communication system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a high-scanning-rate frequency scanning patch antenna and a wireless communication system. The high-scanning-rate frequency scanning patch antenna comprises a dielectric plate and a plurality of half-wavelength patches arranged on the dielectric plate, the half-wavelength patches are electrically coupled according to a preset gap; the center of each half-wavelength patch is provided with a magnetic grounding structure. The half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches is provided with an auxiliary feed structure loaded by double extension rings; and an antenna feed point of the high-scanning-rate frequency scanning patch antenna is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end in all the half-wavelength patches. The multiple half-wavelength patches with the centers grounded are connected in an electric coupling mode, and an overall coupling structure formed by the connection mode is beneficial to achieving full coverage of forward, normal and backward angles of antenna scanning beams. And meanwhile, a double-auxiliary feed ring loading scheme is adopted for feeding, so that continuous and uniform large-angle scanning of the antenna is facilitated, and the target of high scanning rate is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a high-scan rate frequency-scanning patch antenna and a wireless communication system. Background Art

[0002] The spectrum resources of wireless communications are becoming increasingly crowded. In order to save spectrum resources, some scholars have proposed frequency-scanning antennas with high scanning rate characteristics in recent years. While achieving the same frequency scanning range, they greatly reduce the consumption of spectrum resources.

[0003] However, the existing high-scan rate frequency-scanning antennas have the problems of bulky size and high processing complexity. There are also problems such as too narrow scanning range to cover the target space, or the scanning rate is not high enough to save spectrum. Existing frequency-scanning patch antennas usually use a single magnetically coupled patch architecture or a single patch antenna architecture. According to the principle of phased array antennas, the scanning beam at this time cannot achieve normal angle coverage, resulting in the existence of coverage blind spots. Only forward scanning can be achieved, and half of the target space required in actual scenarios cannot be covered.

[0004] The above contents are only used to assist in understanding the technical solution of the present invention and do not constitute an admission that the above contents are prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna and a wireless communication system, aiming to solve the technical problem that the existing medium frequency scanning patch antenna cannot achieve normal angle coverage resulting in the existence of blind spots.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a high scan rate frequency-scanned patch antenna, the high scan rate frequency-scanned patch antenna comprising: a dielectric plate and a plurality of half-wavelength patches arranged on the dielectric plate;

[0007] The half-wavelength patches are electrically coupled according to a preset gap;

[0008] A magnetic grounding structure is provided at the center of each half-wavelength patch;

[0009] The half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches is provided with an auxiliary feeding structure with double-ring extension ring loading;

[0010] The antenna feeding point of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches.

[0011] Optionally, each of the half-wavelength patches is configured as a rectangular structure, the major axis length of the rectangular structure is half a wavelength, the minor axis length of the rectangular structure is tuned and set according to the major axis length, and the preset gap between each of the half-wavelength patches is set according to the electrical coupling amount.

[0012] Optionally, each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged along the long axis direction of the rectangular structure, and each of the half-wavelength patches is located on the same plane.

[0013] Optionally, each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged along a vertical direction of the rectangular structure, and the center of each of the half-wavelength patches is located on the same axis.

[0014] Optionally, the dielectric plate is a double-sided printed circuit board, each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged on one side of the double-sided printed circuit board, and a ground plate is arranged on the other side of the double-sided printed circuit board.

[0015] Optionally, the magnetic grounding structure comprises: a plurality of intermediate grounding holes;

[0016] Each of the middle grounding holes is arranged parallel to the short axis direction of the rectangular structure, and each of the middle grounding holes is located at the midpoint of the long axis of the rectangular structure.

[0017] Optionally, the magnetic grounding structure includes: a chip inductor;

[0018] The patch inductor is arranged on a side of the half-wavelength patch away from the dielectric plate.

[0019] Optionally, the antenna feeding point is arranged on a first preset number of the half-wavelength patches close to the auxiliary feeding structure.

[0020] Optionally, the magnetic grounding structure is not provided on a second preset number of half-wavelength patches away from the auxiliary feeding structure.

[0021] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention also provides a wireless communication system, which includes a plurality of high-scan rate frequency-scanning patch antennas as described above.

[0022] The present invention provides a high-scan rate frequency-scanning patch antenna and a wireless communication system, the high-scan rate frequency-scanning patch antenna comprising: the high-scan rate frequency-scanning patch antenna comprising: a dielectric plate and a plurality of half-wavelength patches arranged on the dielectric plate; electrical coupling is arranged between each of the half-wavelength patches according to a preset gap; a magnetic grounding structure is arranged at the center of each of the half-wavelength patches; an auxiliary feeding structure is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches; the antenna feeding point of the high-scan rate frequency-scanning patch antenna is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches. A coupling architecture in which a plurality of center-grounded half-wavelength patches are connected in the form of electrical coupling is adopted, and the overall coupling architecture formed by this connection method helps to achieve full coverage of the forward, normal and backward angles of the antenna scanning beam. At the same time, the dual auxiliary feeding ring loading scheme is adopted for feeding, which helps to achieve the goals of continuous and uniform large-angle scanning and high scanning rate of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A reflection coefficient diagram of the first embodiment of the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 A gain diagram of the first embodiment of the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 A beam pointing variation diagram of the first embodiment of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 The beam scanning plane pattern of the first embodiment of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of the reference numerals: 10, half-wavelength patch; 20, dielectric plate; 30, magnetic grounding structure; 40, auxiliary feeding structure; 50, antenna feeding point; 301, middle grounding hole.

[0031] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0033] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0035] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0036] The main solution of the embodiment of the present invention is: the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna includes: a dielectric plate and a plurality of half-wavelength patches arranged on the dielectric plate; electrical coupling is arranged between each of the half-wavelength patches according to a preset gap; a magnetic grounding structure is arranged at the center of each of the half-wavelength patches; an auxiliary feeding structure is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches, and the auxiliary feeding structure is an auxiliary feeding structure loaded with a double ring extension ring; the antenna feeding point of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches.

[0037] The spectrum resources of current wireless communications are becoming increasingly crowded. In order to save spectrum resources, some scholars have proposed frequency-scanning antennas with high scanning rate characteristics in recent years. While achieving the same frequency scanning range, they greatly reduce spectrum resource consumption. However, the existing high-scanning-rate frequency-scanning antennas have the problems of bulky size and high processing complexity. There are also problems such as the scanning range is too narrow to cover the target space, or the scanning rate is not high enough to save spectrum. Existing frequency-scanning patch antennas usually adopt a single magnetically coupled patch architecture or a single patch antenna architecture. According to the principle of phased array antennas, the scanning beam at this time cannot achieve normal angle coverage, resulting in the existence of coverage blind spots. Only forward scanning can be achieved, and half of the target space required in actual scenarios cannot be covered.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first embodiment of the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna includes: a dielectric plate 20 and a plurality of half-wavelength patches 10 arranged on the dielectric plate 20; each of the half-wavelength patches 10 is electrically coupled according to a preset gap; a magnetic grounding structure 30 is arranged at the center of each of the half-wavelength patches 10; an auxiliary feeding structure 40 is arranged on the half-wavelength patch 10 at the head end of each of the half-wavelength patches 10; the antenna feeding point 50 of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna is arranged on one side of the magnetic grounding structure 30.

[0039] It should be noted that the half-wavelength patch 10 proposed in this embodiment is also called a dipole antenna, which can be a rectangular metal structure, usually with a single main radiation lobe. Its length is equal to half the signal wavelength, and it has a wider bandwidth than a full-wavelength antenna. Half-wavelength is the smallest unit that can constitute a standing wave. When a signal is transmitted on a half-wavelength metal structure, the signal reaches the end of the conductor while entering the negative half-cycle, and is reflected back for reverse propagation; the negative half-cycle is reversely propagated and becomes a positive signal, which can be superimposed on the positive half-cycle to form a standing wave. Therefore, the signal can be gradually enhanced in the half-wavelength patch, and the maximum amount of radiation energy can be obtained per cycle. The dielectric board can be a double-sided printed circuit board, and each half-wavelength patch is arranged on one side of the double-sided printed circuit board, and a ground plate is arranged on the other side of the double-sided printed circuit board.

[0040] Among them, the width of the half-wavelength antenna can be adjusted according to the specific application and design requirements. In practical applications, the width of the antenna will affect its performance parameters such as impedance characteristics, bandwidth and radiation efficiency. Generally speaking, a narrower antenna width will result in a higher impedance, which requires a more complex matching network to achieve matching with the transmission line. On the contrary, a wider antenna width can reduce impedance and make matching easier, but it will reduce some radiation efficiency. Each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged along the long axis direction of the rectangular structure, and each of the half-wavelength patches is located on the same plane (refer to Figure 1 Each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged along the vertical direction of the rectangular structure, and the center of each of the half-wavelength patches is located on the same axis (not shown in the figure).

[0041] It should be understood that each of the multiple half-wavelength patches radiates toward the corresponding angle in response to the signal fed into the antenna feed point 50 by the external feed source through the auxiliary feed structure. Since the positions of the multiple half-wavelength patches are different, the far-field synthetic radiation pattern can correspond to different angles. Among them, the antenna feed point can also be called the antenna input point, which is the interface between the antenna and the RF transmission line, responsible for converting the electromagnetic wave signal generated by the antenna into a RF signal, and then transmitting it to the RF circuit system for processing.

[0042] It should be noted that the half-wavelength patch 10 needs to set up an antenna feed point 50 and a magnetic grounding structure 30 to form external radiation. The magnetic grounding structure 30 can be in the form of an inductor to form an eddy current (a loop in space) between the radiated signal and the ground, reducing the impact of the radio frequency signal radiation on other signals in the board. The metallized holes can also affect the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna by changing the number and position of the vias. In the half-wavelength patch 10, the input impedance of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the distance from the feeding point to the metallized hole, thereby achieving impedance matching with the transmission line. The antenna feed point 50 is usually selected at several patches on the edge, and is generally placed near the center of the patch.

[0043] Furthermore, the preset gap between each of the half-wavelength patches is set according to the amount of electrical coupling. In antenna design, electrical coupling refers to the influence of the electromagnetic field generated by one antenna on another antenna. Two adjacent half-wavelength patches can be regarded as two metal plates of a capacitor, and the preset gap can be the distance between the two metal plates. According to actual needs, the gap between the two metal plates is adjusted to the target preset gap so that the size of the electrical coupling meets the design requirements.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the antenna feed point is set on the half-wavelength patch near the outer part (first preset number), and coaxial feeding can be used. Coaxial feeding can be an antenna feeding method that transmits the signal to the center of the antenna through a coaxial cable and then radiates it through the antenna. For a half-wavelength antenna, the central conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the part near the middle of the antenna, and the outer conductor is connected to one end or both ends of the antenna. Stable impedance matching can be provided in a wider frequency range, thereby ensuring effective transmission of the signal. At the same time, the shielding effect of the coaxial cable can reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on the antenna performance. Among them, the first preset number can be specifically set according to the angle and beam width of the antenna, and no specific restrictions are made in this embodiment. It is also possible to set only one antenna feed point on the outermost half-wavelength patch. When there is a first preset number of multi-feed point settings, the auxiliary feeding structure is switched to output to different feeding points, thereby achieving the goal of continuous and uniform large-angle scanning and high scanning rate. The magnetic grounding structure is not set for the second preset number of half-wavelength patches away from the auxiliary feeding structure. Among them, the second preset number can be set to the half-wavelength patches 20% away from the end of the feeding.

[0045] It should be noted that the auxiliary feeding structure helps to achieve broadband impedance matching of the antenna, which means that the antenna can maintain a low reflection coefficient (S11) in a wider frequency range, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of signal transmission. Through dual-loop feeding, the antenna can generate radiation nulls at multiple frequency points, which can be used to suppress out-of-band interference and improve the selectivity and anti-interference ability of the antenna.

[0046] Reference Figures 2 to 5 As shown, Figure 2 This is a reflection coefficient diagram of the first embodiment of the high scan rate frequency-swept patch antenna of the present invention; the horizontal axis is frequency (Frequency / GHz) and the vertical axis is reflection coefficient (S-Parameters [Magnitude] / dB). Figure 3 1 is a gain diagram of the first embodiment of the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention; wherein the curve is the realized gain (Realized Gain, Phi=90.0, Max. Value (Subrange)) at an azimuth angle of 90 degrees. Figure 4 It is a beam pointing variation diagram of the first embodiment of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention; wherein the curve represents the beam pointing at an azimuth angle of 90 degrees (RealizedGain, Phi=90.0, Main.Lobe Direction). Figure 5 This is the beam scanning plane pattern of the first embodiment of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna of the present invention. The five polarization orientations correspond to the far-field polarization patterns (Farfield Directivity Abs (Phi = 90)) at five frequencies (f = 5.5 ~ 5.9 GHz). The operating frequency band of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna basically covers the 5.5-5.9 GHz frequency band of WiFi. The scanning range is approximately from +50 to -50 degrees, with a total scanning range of about 100 degrees, equivalent to a relative scanning rate of 14° / 1% relative bandwidth. Among them, the relative scanning rate can be defined by dividing the scanning range by the relative bandwidth. The average gain is 7dBi, which is at a relatively high level, with typical in-band frequency points and a good beam shape.

[0047] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second embodiment of a high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to the present invention. Figure 6 As shown, in the second embodiment, the same or similar contents as those in the above embodiment can be referred to the above introduction and will not be described in detail later.

[0048] In this embodiment, the magnetic grounding structure 30 includes: a plurality of intermediate grounding holes 301; each intermediate grounding hole 301 is arranged parallel to the short axis direction of the rectangular structure, and each intermediate grounding hole 301 is located at the midpoint of the long axis of the rectangular structure. The intermediate grounding holes 301 can affect the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna by changing the number and position of the vias.

[0049] It should be noted that the middle ground hole can be a metal through hole that passes through the half-wavelength patch. The metal through hole itself is a conductor. When current passes through it, a magnetic field will be generated around it. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, this magnetic field will in turn affect the flow of current, thereby forming parasitic inductance. The size of the parasitic inductance is related to factors such as the length and diameter of the through hole and the material of the dielectric plate.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the magnetic grounding structure may include: a patch inductor (not shown in the figure); the patch inductor is arranged on a side of the half-wavelength patch away from the dielectric plate. The patch inductor is used to replace the middle grounding hole to form a parasitic inductor.

[0051] In this embodiment, the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna includes: the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna includes: a dielectric plate and a plurality of half-wavelength patches arranged on the dielectric plate; electrical coupling is arranged between each of the half-wavelength patches according to a preset gap; a magnetic grounding structure is arranged at the center of each of the half-wavelength patches; a double-ring extended ring loaded auxiliary feeding structure is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches; the antenna feeding point of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches. A coupling architecture in which multiple center-grounded half-wavelength patches are connected in the form of electrical coupling is used. The overall coupling architecture formed by this connection method helps to achieve full coverage of the forward, normal and backward angles of the antenna scanning beam. At the same time, the dual auxiliary feeding ring loading scheme is used for feeding, which helps to achieve the goals of continuous and uniform large-angle scanning and high scanning rate of the antenna.

[0052] In addition, in order to achieve the above purpose, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a wireless communication system, wherein the wireless communication system includes the above high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna. Since the wireless communication system includes all the features of the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna, it at least has all the beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, which will not be described one by one here.

[0053] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0056] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna, characterized in that: The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna comprises: a dielectric plate and a plurality of half-wavelength patches arranged on the dielectric plate; The half-wavelength patches are electrically coupled according to a preset gap; A magnetic grounding structure is provided at the center of each half-wavelength patch; The half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches is provided with an auxiliary feeding structure with double-ring extension ring loading; The antenna feeding point of the high scanning rate frequency scanning patch antenna is arranged on the half-wavelength patch at the head end of all the half-wavelength patches.

2. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the half-wavelength patches is configured as a rectangular structure, the major axis length of the rectangular structure is half a wavelength, the minor axis length of the rectangular structure is tuned and set according to the major axis length, and the preset gap between each of the half-wavelength patches is set according to the electrical coupling amount.

3. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged along the long axis direction of the rectangular structure, and each of the half-wavelength patches is located on the same plane.

4. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged along the vertical direction of the rectangular structure, and the center of each of the half-wavelength patches is located on the same axis.

5. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to any one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that: The dielectric plate is a double-sided printed circuit board, each of the half-wavelength patches is arranged on one side of the double-sided printed circuit board, and a ground plate is arranged on the other side of the double-sided printed circuit board.

6. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetic grounding structure comprises: a plurality of intermediate grounding holes; Each of the middle grounding holes is arranged parallel to the short axis direction of the rectangular structure, and each of the middle grounding holes is located at the midpoint of the long axis of the rectangular structure.

7. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The magnetic grounding structure includes: a chip inductor; The patch inductor is arranged on a side of the half-wavelength patch away from the dielectric plate.

8. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna feed point is arranged on a first preset number of the half-wavelength patches close to the auxiliary feeding structure.

9. The high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: The magnetic grounding structure is not provided for the half-wavelength patches which are a second preset number away from the auxiliary feeding structure.

10. A wireless communication system, characterized in that: The wireless communication system comprises the high scan rate frequency scanning patch antenna as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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