Transaction management method, system and equipment based on electronic visa and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a transaction management method, system and device based on electronic visa, and a medium, and relates to the field of transaction management. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a distributed trusted network, and deploying a block chain on the distributed trusted network; compiling a smart contract according to a preset rule and a preset protocol, and deploying the smart contract to the block chain; when two transaction parties conclude a transaction intention, a transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the block chain, and an electronic visa of the transaction initiator is attached to the transaction request; and according to the transaction request, the identities and the electronic visa of the two transaction parties are verified through the smart contract, and when the verification is passed, the two parties are approved to perform the transaction and a transaction record is generated on the block chain. By implementing the technical scheme provided by the invention, the transaction efficiency is improved, the human intervention is reduced, and the legality and credibility of the transaction are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of transaction management, and specifically to a transaction management method, system, device and medium based on electronic visa. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, e-commerce and financial transactions are gradually moving towards digitalization and decentralization. The traditional transaction management model relies on centralized financial institutions and third-party intermediaries. Although it can guarantee a certain degree of security and reliability, it has many limitations in terms of efficiency, transparency and cost control.

[0003] In existing transaction management technologies, common solutions include using a centralized database system to record transaction information and relying on manual review or third-party certification agencies to verify the identity information of both parties to the transaction. However, centralized database systems are susceptible to single point failures. Once a problem occurs in the central server, the entire transaction system may be paralyzed; manual review and third-party certification are costly and time-consuming, and cannot meet the needs of fast transactions. Although the existing distributed ledger technology has improved the reliability of the system, there are still loopholes in the identity verification and transaction approval process, making it difficult to completely prevent malicious behavior and fraudulent transactions.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a more efficient, secure and reliable transaction management method to solve these problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a transaction management method, system, device and medium based on electronic visas. By building a secure and reliable distributed trust network and smart contracts, it achieves transparency, automation and security of transactions, improves transaction efficiency, reduces human intervention, and ensures the legality and credibility of transactions.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present application, a transaction management method based on an electronic visa is provided, which is applied to a transaction management platform, and the method comprises: Building a distributed trust network and deploying blockchain on the distributed trust network; Writing a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols, and deploying the smart contract on the blockchain; When the transaction parties reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the blockchain and attaches the electronic visa of the transaction initiator to the transaction request; The identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction are verified through the smart contract according to the transaction request. When the verification is passed, the transaction is approved for both parties and a transaction record is generated on the blockchain.

[0007] Optionally, the building of a distributed trust network and deploying a blockchain on the distributed trust network includes: Determine transaction participants, set the transaction participants as nodes, and build all nodes into a distributed trust network based on a point-to-point topology structure; Deploy blockchain client software on each node of the distributed trust network and configure preset parameters and keys; Creating a genesis block of the blockchain based on basic information of the distributed trust network and setting the initial state of the network; Start the blockchain service on all nodes and begin generating and verifying blocks.

[0008] Optionally, the step of writing a smart contract according to a preset rule and a preset protocol, and deploying the smart contract on the blockchain includes: Packing the bytecode and metadata of the smart contract into a deployment transaction, submitting the deployment transaction to the blockchain, and verifying whether the bytecode complies with the rules and standards of the blockchain through a preset node; If the verification is successful, the deployment transaction is packaged into a new block and waits for confirmation by other nodes, where the other nodes refer to nodes other than the preset nodes; A first threshold is confirmed according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. When the number of confirmed nodes is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the deployment transaction is confirmed to be valid, and the smart contract is written into the ledger of the blockchain.

[0009] Optionally, before verifying the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request, the method further includes: Collect historical transaction records, the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, online duration and stability of the target node, determine the historical behavior score according to the historical transaction records, determine the resource contribution score according to the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, and determine the online time score according to the online duration and stability. The target node is the node corresponding to the two transaction parties; Assigning a weight to each of the historical behavior score, the resource contribution score, and the online time score, and performing weighted summation to obtain a trust score of the target node, and determining whether the trust score is higher than a second threshold; When the trust score is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is prompted that an abnormality exists in the transaction party corresponding to the target node.

[0010] Optionally, the verifying the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request includes: Checking, through the smart contract, whether the first electronic visa attached to the transaction request is valid, including checking the issuing authority, issuing date, and validity period of the electronic visa, where the first electronic visa is the electronic visa corresponding to the transaction initiator; When the first electronic visa is valid, verifying whether the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa; When the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa, decrypt the transaction recipient information in the transaction request, the transaction recipient information includes the second electronic visa and the second identity information of the transaction recipient, and determine whether the second electronic visa is valid; When the second electronic visa is valid, obtaining the first identifier in the second electronic visa, and determining whether the first identifier in the second electronic visa is the same as the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information; When the first identifier in the second electronic visa is identical to the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information, it is confirmed that the verification is successful.

[0011] Optionally, the approving the two parties to conduct a transaction and generating a transaction record on the blockchain includes: Monitor the execution status of transactions through smart contracts, including the completion of transactions, the performance of both parties to the transaction, and whether there is any breach of contract; When a breach of contract is detected by either party to the transaction, the preset breach of contract handling mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, including freezing part of the defaulting party’s assets and recording the breach of contract as a bad record on the blockchain; When no breach of contract is detected and the transaction is fully executed, the transaction completion confirmation mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, the credit ratings of both parties to the transaction are updated, and the status of the transaction completion is recorded on the blockchain.

[0012] Optionally, the step of approving the two parties to conduct a transaction and generating a transaction record on the blockchain further includes: Generate a unique transaction identifier through the smart contract to identify the transaction; The transaction identifier, identity information of both parties to the transaction, transaction terms and transaction time are recorded on the blockchain through the smart contract to form a transaction record; The transaction confirmation information is sent to both parties of the transaction through the smart contract, and the transaction confirmation information includes a transaction identifier and a blockchain address of the transaction record, so that both parties of the transaction can subsequently query and verify the transaction status.

[0013] In a second aspect of the present application, a transaction management system based on an electronic visa is provided, comprising a deployment module, a contract module, a request module and an execution module, wherein: A deployment module configured to build a distributed trust network and deploy a blockchain on the distributed trust network; A contract module, configured to write a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols, and deploy the smart contract on the blockchain; A request module, configured to, when both parties to a transaction reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the blockchain, and attaches the electronic visa of the transaction initiator to the transaction request; The execution module is configured to verify the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request. When the verification is passed, the two parties are approved to conduct the transaction and a transaction record is generated on the blockchain.

[0014] In the third aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, including a processor, a memory, a user interface and a network interface, the memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are both used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory so that the electronic device executes any one of the methods described above.

[0015] In a fourth aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed, any of the methods described above is executed.

[0016] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: 1. By building a distributed trust network and deploying blockchain, a decentralized data storage and verification mechanism is implemented, effectively preventing the risk of data tampering or deletion. Using smart contracts for transaction verification can ensure that the transaction process follows preset rules and protocols, reducing the possibility of human intervention and fraud. The transaction initiator attaches an electronic visa to the transaction request, further enhancing the reliability of the identities of both parties to the transaction and the legitimacy of the transaction; 2. The automated execution of smart contracts can significantly reduce transaction processing time and improve transaction efficiency. The distributed nature of blockchain enables transaction verification and record generation to be performed in parallel on multiple nodes, further speeding up transactions. 3. The introduction of distributed trust networks and blockchains reduces reliance on traditional intermediaries, thereby reducing transaction costs. The automated execution of smart contracts reduces manual operations and auditing, further reducing operating costs. 4. The transaction records on the blockchain are public and cannot be tampered with, which enhances the transparency of transactions. Each transaction has a detailed record, which can be easily traced and audited, and improves the standardization of transaction management; 5. Distributed trust networks and blockchain technology provide a fair and transparent trading environment for both parties to the transaction, which helps to establish and maintain trust relationships. The automated execution and immutability of smart contracts enhance the confidence of both parties to the transaction and promote broader cooperation and exchanges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the transaction management method based on electronic visa disclosed in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is a module diagram of the electronic visa-based transaction management system disclosed in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] Explanation of the reference numerals: 201, deployment module; 202, contract module; 203, request module; 204, execution module; 301, processor; 302, communication bus; 303, user interface; 304, network interface; 305, memory. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to enable technicians in this field to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, words such as "for example" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "for example" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "for example" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.

[0021] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of the term "multiple" refers to two or more. For example, multiple systems refer to two or more systems, and multiple screen terminals refer to two or more screen terminals. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and their variations all mean "including but not limited to", unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0022] This embodiment discloses a transaction management method based on electronic visa, which is applied to a transaction management platform. Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the transaction management method based on electronic visa disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method comprises the following steps: S110, building a distributed trust network, and deploying a blockchain on the distributed trust network; A distributed trust network is a network architecture built on the principle of decentralization. It uses multiple nodes to jointly maintain the security and trust of the network. Compared with traditional centralized networks, distributed trust networks have higher security, stability and scalability. When building a distributed trust network, you first need to determine the nodes in the network. These nodes can be computers, servers or other network devices, which are connected through the network to form a large node network. Then, based on the point-to-point topology, these nodes are built into a decentralized network in which each node has the same status and function. In order to ensure the stable operation of the network, it is necessary to configure corresponding parameters and keys for each node. These parameters and keys are used for communication and data exchange between nodes to ensure the security and integrity of data. At the same time, a set of rules and protocols need to be formulated to guide the behavior and data interaction between nodes. Blockchain is a distributed database technology that combines data blocks into a specific data structure in a chain in a chronological order, and uses cryptography to ensure that it cannot be tampered with or forged. Deploying blockchain on a distributed trust network can further enhance the security and trust of the network. When deploying a blockchain, you first need to create a genesis block based on the basic information of the distributed trust network. The genesis block is the first block of the blockchain, which contains the basic information and initial state of the network. Then, through a series of complex algorithms and consensus mechanisms, subsequent blocks are added to the genesis block to form a complete blockchain. In each block of the blockchain, multiple transaction records are included. These transaction records can be any form of digital asset transfer or information exchange. When a new transaction occurs, it is broadcast to each node in the network and verified and recorded by the node. Once a transaction is confirmed and recorded on the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with or deleted. In order to ensure the security and stability of the blockchain, a set of strict consensus mechanisms and verification rules need to be formulated. These rules and mechanisms are used to ensure data consistency between nodes and prevent malicious attacks. At the same time, a set of incentive mechanisms need to be established to encourage nodes to actively participate in the maintenance and expansion of the blockchain.

[0023] Optionally, the building of a distributed trust network and deploying a blockchain on the distributed trust network includes: Determine transaction participants, set the transaction participants as nodes, and build all nodes into a distributed trust network based on a point-to-point topology structure; Deploy blockchain client software on each node of the distributed trust network and configure preset parameters and keys; Creating a genesis block of the blockchain based on basic information of the distributed trust network and setting the initial state of the network; Start the blockchain service on all nodes and begin generating and verifying blocks.

[0024] Before building a distributed trust network, it is necessary to first identify the transaction participants in the network. These participants can be individuals, organizations or institutions, who will transfer digital assets or exchange information in the network. Set the determined transaction participants as nodes in the network. Each node has the ability to process and store data and can communicate with other nodes through the network. Based on the point-to-point topology, all nodes are connected to form a decentralized distributed trust network. In this network, each node has the same status and function, and there is no centralized control node. Deploy blockchain client software on each node of the distributed trust network. These software are the basis for nodes to participate in the blockchain network, responsible for processing transactions on the blockchain, generating and verifying blocks, and other tasks. Configure preset parameters and keys for each node. These parameters include the node's network address, port number, number of connections, etc., which are used for communication and data exchange between nodes. The key is used to ensure the data security between nodes and prevent data from being stolen or tampered with by malicious attackers. Based on the basic information of the distributed trust network, create a genesis block. The genesis block is the first block of the blockchain, which contains the basic information of the network, the initial state, and the record of the genesis transaction. The initial state of the network is set in the genesis block, including the network's consensus mechanism, transaction rules, incentive mechanism, etc. These settings will guide how nodes in the network participate in the maintenance and expansion of the blockchain. Start blockchain services on all nodes. These services will be responsible for handling tasks such as communication between nodes, processing and verification of transactions, generation and broadcast of blocks, etc. When the blockchain service is started, the nodes will begin to participate in the block generation and verification process. According to the network's consensus mechanism, nodes will compete to generate new blocks and broadcast the generated blocks to the network for verification. Once a block is verified, it will be added to the blockchain and become part of the network.

[0025] Decentralized data management is achieved by setting transaction participants as nodes and building a distributed trust network based on a peer-to-peer topology. This avoids the risk of failure or attack at a single central point, thereby enhancing the trust and security of the entire system. Deploy blockchain client software on each node and configure preset parameters and keys to ensure data integrity and consistency. The characteristics of blockchain make every transaction recorded and public, and any node can verify the authenticity and validity of the transaction, thereby improving data transparency and traceability. Create the genesis block of the blockchain based on the basic information of the distributed trust network, and set the initial state of the network, providing a benchmark for subsequent block generation and verification. The chain structure of the blockchain makes it impossible to tamper with or delete data once it is written into the block, thereby ensuring the immutability of the data. Start the blockchain service on all nodes and start generating and verifying blocks, so that the system can efficiently process a large number of transactions. At the same time, due to the decentralized nature of the distributed trust network, the system can easily add new nodes, thereby improving the scalability of the system. Through the combination of distributed trust networks and blockchains, the reliance on centralized servers can be reduced, thereby reducing the maintenance and operating costs of servers. In addition, blockchain's automation and smart contract capabilities can further reduce transaction costs and complexity.

[0026] S120, compiling a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols, and deploying the smart contract on the blockchain; Smart contracts can be written in a variety of programming languages, such as Solidity, Vyper, C++, etc. The choice of the right programming language should be determined based on project requirements and platform support. Define the structure and functionality of the smart contract based on specific business requirements or preset rules and protocols. This includes defining the variables, functions, and events of the contract to ensure that the smart contract can perform specific logic and operations as expected. Write the code for the smart contract according to the defined structure and functionality. During the writing process, the efficiency, security, and reusability of the code should be considered. Ensure that the code logic is clear, easy to understand, and maintain. Choose a suitable blockchain platform: Choose a suitable blockchain platform based on project requirements and resource considerations. Currently, Ethereum, EOS, Hyperledger Fabric, etc. are commonly used. Different platforms have different programming languages ​​and deployment methods for smart contracts, so they should be adapted according to the requirements of the platform. Configure the corresponding development environment based on the selected blockchain platform. Usually, it is necessary to install and configure the corresponding software development kit (SDK), wallet, development framework, etc. Compile the written smart contract code to generate a deployable contract bytecode or binary file. This is a necessary step before deploying a smart contract to ensure that the code can be executed correctly on the blockchain. Choose the appropriate deployment method based on project requirements and platform support. Common deployment methods include local deployment and cloud deployment. Local deployment requires building blockchain nodes and networks by yourself, while cloud deployment can be deployed with the help of blockchain services provided by cloud service providers. Choose the appropriate deployment tool to deploy the smart contract to the target blockchain network. This usually requires uploading the compiled contract bytecode or binary file to the blockchain platform and paying the corresponding gas fee (such as the gas fee in Ethereum). After successful deployment, the smart contract will be recorded on the blockchain and have a unique contract address.

[0027] Optionally, the step of writing a smart contract according to a preset rule and a preset protocol, and deploying the smart contract on the blockchain includes: Packing the bytecode and metadata of the smart contract into a deployment transaction, submitting the deployment transaction to the blockchain, and verifying whether the bytecode complies with the rules and standards of the blockchain through a preset node; If the verification is successful, the deployment transaction is packaged into a new block and waits for confirmation by other nodes, where the other nodes refer to nodes other than the preset nodes; A first threshold is confirmed according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. When the number of confirmed nodes is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the deployment transaction is confirmed to be valid, and the smart contract is written into the ledger of the blockchain.

[0028] After the smart contract is written, its bytecode (i.e. compiled machine code) and metadata (such as contract name, function signature, etc.) need to be packaged into a deployment transaction. This deployment transaction is a formal request to submit the smart contract to the blockchain. The packaged deployment transaction is submitted to the blockchain network through a preset node (usually a node selected by the developer or administrator). The preset node plays a bridge role here, and it is responsible for sending the deployment transaction to the blockchain network for subsequent verification and confirmation. After receiving the deployment transaction, the preset node will first verify the bytecode in it. This step is to ensure that the bytecode complies with the rules and standards of the blockchain, such as syntactic correctness, validity of the operation code, etc. This is an important prerequisite for ensuring that the smart contract can be correctly executed on the blockchain. If the bytecode verification passes, the preset node will package the deployment transaction into a new block. This new block will contain a series of transactions, including the deployment transaction and transactions initiated by other users. After the new block is generated, it needs to wait for other nodes (i.e. nodes other than the preset node) to confirm it. This is part of the blockchain consensus mechanism, which aims to ensure that all nodes reach a consensus on the content of the new block. The first threshold is determined based on the consensus mechanism of the blockchain (such as proof of work, proof of stake, etc.). This first threshold represents the minimum number of nodes required to confirm a new block. Different consensus mechanisms may have different threshold determination methods. When the number of nodes confirming a new block is greater than or equal to the first threshold, it can be considered that the new block (and the deployment transaction therein) has been effectively confirmed. This means that the deployment transaction of the smart contract has been recognized by the blockchain network. The bytecode and metadata of the smart contract will be formally written into the blockchain's ledger. This means that the smart contract is now part of the blockchain network and can be accessed and executed by any node. At the same time, the deployment address of the smart contract will also be generated for subsequent calls and interactions.

[0029] Before deploying a smart contract, the bytecode of the smart contract is verified by a preset node to ensure that it complies with the rules and standards of the blockchain. This process helps prevent malicious code or non-compliant smart contracts from being deployed on the blockchain, thereby ensuring the security and stability of the blockchain network. The bytecode and metadata of the smart contract are packaged into a deployment transaction and submitted to the blockchain network for verification and confirmation. This process simplifies the deployment process of smart contracts, making the deployment process more efficient and convenient. At the same time, through the joint confirmation of the preset node and other nodes, the deployment of the smart contract is ensured to be highly reliable and trustworthy. The first threshold is confirmed according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. When the number of confirmed nodes is greater than or equal to the threshold, the deployment transaction is confirmed to be valid and the smart contract is written into the ledger of the blockchain. This process makes full use of the consensus mechanism of the blockchain network to ensure that the deployment and writing process of the smart contract is highly consistent and reliable. At the same time, it also enhances the overall performance and scalability of the blockchain network. When a smart contract is successfully deployed on the blockchain, its code and data will be permanently recorded in the ledger of the blockchain and protected by the immutability of the blockchain. This means that the execution results and transaction records of smart contracts cannot be changed or deleted, thus ensuring the transparency and credibility of smart contracts. At the same time, it also provides a reliable dispute resolution mechanism for both parties to the transaction.

[0030] S130. When the transaction parties reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the blockchain, and attaches the electronic visa of the transaction initiator to the transaction request; In the bidding process, when the tenderer (purchaser) and the bidder (supplier) reach an agreement on key terms such as contract terms, price, and delivery date, the transaction intention is considered to have been reached. The transaction initiator (usually the bidder who won the bid or the tenderer who accepted the bid) initiates a transaction request through the blockchain platform. This request contains the specific content of the transaction, such as detailed information of the goods or services, transaction amount, delivery date, etc. In the transaction request, the transaction initiator will attach its electronic visa. The electronic visa is the confirmation and authorization of the transaction request by the transaction initiator, usually in the form of a digital signature. It ensures the authenticity and immutability of the transaction request. The transaction request and the electronic visa attached will be recorded on the blockchain. The distributed nature and immutability of the blockchain ensure the authenticity and security of the transaction information. At the same time, the nodes on the blockchain will verify the transaction to ensure that the transaction complies with the preset rules and protocols. When the transaction is confirmed by the blockchain network, the two parties can start to execute the transaction. The blockchain platform will record every step and status of the transaction to ensure the transparency and traceability of the transaction. In the corporate procurement process, the procurement department will determine the items or services to be purchased based on business needs and formulate corresponding procurement plans. The purchasing department will select suitable suppliers for negotiation and reach an agreement on key terms such as price, quality, and delivery date. Similar to the bidding scenario, the transaction initiator (usually the purchaser) will initiate a transaction request through the blockchain platform and attach its electronic visa. This step ensures the authenticity and security of the transaction request. When the transaction request is confirmed by the blockchain network, the purchaser and the supplier can generate a formal purchase order. The blockchain platform will record the details of the order, including the description, quantity, price, and delivery date of the goods or services. At the same time, the purchaser and the supplier can track the status and progress of the order in real time through the blockchain platform. After the transaction is completed, the purchaser will make payment through the blockchain platform. The blockchain platform will record the payment information and ensure the accuracy and security of the payment. At the same time, the blockchain platform can also provide smart contract functions to realize automated payment and settlement processes.

[0031] S140. Verify the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request. When the verification is successful, approve the transaction between the two parties and generate a transaction record on the blockchain.

[0032] When the two parties reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator submits a transaction request to the blockchain network. This request usually contains basic information about the transaction, such as the identities of the two parties, the transaction amount, and a description of the transaction items or services. Once the transaction request is submitted to the blockchain network, it triggers the preset smart contract. A smart contract is an automatically executed program that contains the rules, conditions, and verification logic of the transaction. The smart contract first verifies the identities of the two parties. This usually involves checking whether the two parties have registered on the blockchain network and whether their identities (such as public keys, digital certificates, etc.) are valid. The smart contract verifies the electronic visa attached to the transaction request. The electronic visa is the confirmation and authorization of the transaction request by the transaction initiator, which usually contains the digital signature of the transaction initiator and the hash value of the transaction request. The smart contract checks the validity of the digital signature and whether the hash value matches the content of the transaction request. In addition to identity verification and electronic visa verification, smart contracts may also include some additional compliance checks. For example, checking whether the two parties meet specific qualification requirements or whether the transaction violates any laws or regulations. If the smart contract is verified, that is, the identities and electronic visas of both parties are valid, and the transaction meets all the rules and conditions, then the smart contract will approve the transaction. This means that both parties can proceed to the next step, such as the transfer of funds or the delivery of goods. When the transaction is approved, the smart contract will generate a transaction record on the blockchain. This record contains all relevant information about the transaction, such as the identities of both parties, the transaction amount, the transaction time, the transaction status, etc. The distributed nature and immutability of the blockchain ensure the authenticity and security of the transaction record. Finally, the smart contract will send a notification of the successful transaction to both parties. This is usually achieved through the messaging mechanism on the blockchain network. The two parties can confirm the results of the transaction based on this notification and take corresponding actions.

[0033] Optionally, before verifying the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request, the method further includes: Collect historical transaction records, the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, online duration and stability of the target node, determine the historical behavior score according to the historical transaction records, determine the resource contribution score according to the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, and determine the online time score according to the online duration and stability. The target node is the node corresponding to the two transaction parties; Assigning a weight to each of the historical behavior score, the resource contribution score, and the online time score, and performing weighted summation to obtain a trust score of the target node, and determining whether the trust score is higher than a second threshold; When the trust score is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is prompted that an abnormality exists in the transaction party corresponding to the target node.

[0034] Collect transaction records completed by the target node (i.e., the node corresponding to the two parties of the transaction) in the past period of time. These records can reflect the node's historical transaction behavior, including the frequency of transactions, success rate, whether fraud or violations are involved, etc. Evaluate the resources shared by the target node in the blockchain network, such as computing power, storage space, network bandwidth, etc., and the quality of these resources. This can reflect the degree of contribution of the node to the network, as well as its activity and importance in the network. Record the online time of the target node and its stability in the network. This can reflect the availability and reliability of the node, which is crucial to ensure the smooth progress of transactions. Determine the historical behavior score of the target node based on historical transaction records. This can be scored based on factors such as the success rate of transactions and the history of fraudulent behavior. Determine the resource contribution score of the target node based on the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network. This can be scored based on factors such as the quantity, quality, and stability of resources provided by the node. Determine the online time score of the target node based on online time and stability. This can be scored based on factors such as the online time of the node and the frequency of disconnection. Assign a weight to each of the historical behavior score, resource contribution score, and online time score. The distribution of these weights can be adjusted according to the specific needs and strategies of the network to reflect the importance of each indicator in the trust assessment. The scores of each indicator are multiplied by their corresponding weights and summed to obtain the trust score of the target node. A second threshold is set according to the security needs and trust assessment strategies of the network. The second threshold is used to determine whether the trust score of the target node is high enough to proceed to the next step of transaction verification. The trust score of the target node is compared with the second threshold. If the trust score is higher than the second threshold, the target node is considered to be trustworthy and the verification of the transaction request can continue. If the trust score is less than or equal to the second threshold, the target node is considered to be abnormal or potential risk. At this time, the system can prompt the transaction parties to pay attention and may require further investigation or verification measures.

[0035] By collecting information such as the target node's historical transaction records, resource contributions, online time and stability, the reputation and reliability of the node can be comprehensively evaluated. This helps to identify potential fraud or bad trading habits, thereby providing risk warnings before transactions and improving the security of transactions. The calculation and display of trust scores provide an objective trust evaluation standard for both parties to the transaction. When the transaction party sees that the other party has a high trust score, they will be more willing to trade, thereby enhancing the trust between the two parties and promoting the smooth progress of the transaction. By encouraging nodes to share resources in the network, maintain online time and stability, and maintain good transaction records, the ecology of the blockchain network can be optimized. This helps to improve the performance and reliability of the entire network and provide better services to more users. When the trust score of the target node is lower than the second threshold, the system prompts the transaction party that there is an abnormality. This helps to detect and prevent fraud and malicious behavior in a timely manner and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both parties to the transaction. By introducing a trust evaluation mechanism, users can have a more comprehensive understanding of the other party's credibility before the transaction, so as to make more informed transaction decisions. This helps to improve the user's transaction experience and satisfaction. By improving the security and trust of transactions, the application of blockchain technology in finance, supply chain management, digital asset trading and other fields can be further promoted. This will help expand the market space for blockchain technology and promote the continuous development and innovation of technology.

[0036] Optionally, the verifying the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request includes: Checking, through the smart contract, whether the first electronic visa attached to the transaction request is valid, including checking the issuing authority, issuing date, and validity period of the electronic visa, where the first electronic visa is the electronic visa corresponding to the transaction initiator; When the first electronic visa is valid, verifying whether the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa; When the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa, decrypt the transaction recipient information in the transaction request, the transaction recipient information includes the second electronic visa and the second identity information of the transaction recipient, and determine whether the second electronic visa is valid; When the second electronic visa is valid, obtaining the first identifier in the second electronic visa, and determining whether the first identifier in the second electronic visa is the same as the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information; When the first identifier in the second electronic visa is identical to the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information, it is confirmed that the verification is successful.

[0037] When the transaction initiator submits a transaction request, the smart contract first checks whether the first electronic visa attached to the request is valid. This includes verifying whether the issuing authority of the electronic visa is legitimate, whether the issuance date is within the valid range, and whether the current status of the electronic visa is within the validity period. If the first electronic visa is verified, the smart contract then checks whether the first identity information in the transaction request (usually the identity information of the transaction initiator) is consistent with the identity information recorded in the electronic visa. This step ensures that the transaction request is submitted by a legitimate transaction initiator. The smart contract decrypts the transaction recipient information in the transaction request. This information usually includes the second electronic visa and second identity information of the transaction recipient. The decryption process ensures the confidentiality and integrity of the information and prevents the information from being tampered with or leaked during transmission. After decryption, the smart contract checks the validity of the second electronic visa, similar to the verification process for the first electronic visa. This includes confirming the legitimacy of the issuing authority, the validity of the issuance date, and the current status of the electronic visa. After confirming that the second electronic visa is valid, the smart contract will obtain the first identifier in the electronic visa (this is usually a unique identifier used to distinguish different identities) and check whether this identifier is the same as the second identifier recorded in the second identity information of the transaction recipient. This step ensures that the identity of the transaction recipient is also authentic and legal. If all the above steps are verified, that is, the first electronic visa and the second electronic visa are both valid, and the identity information of the transaction parties is consistent with the information in the electronic visa, then the smart contract will confirm that the verification is successful. This means that the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction have been strictly verified and the transaction can continue.

[0038] Smart contracts ensure that the electronic visas of both parties to the transaction are legal and unexpired by checking the validity of the electronic visa (including the issuing authority, date of issuance, and validity period). This helps prevent the use of forged or expired electronic visas for transactions, thereby enhancing the security of transactions. After confirming that the first electronic visa is valid, the smart contract further verifies whether the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the electronic visa. This step ensures the authenticity of the identity of the transaction initiator and prevents the risk of identity fraud or theft. The information of the transaction recipient (including the second electronic visa and the second identity information) is encrypted during transmission and is only decrypted during the verification process. This protects the privacy and security of the transaction recipient and prevents the risk of information leakage. After verifying the validity of the second electronic visa, the smart contract further confirms the identity of the transaction recipient by comparing the first identifier in the electronic visa with the second identifier corresponding to the identity information. This double verification mechanism improves the accuracy and reliability of verification. The entire verification process is automatically executed by the smart contract without human intervention. This improves the efficiency and accuracy of verification and reduces the risk of human error. At the same time, the automated execution of smart contracts also speeds up the processing of transactions and improves the efficiency of transactions. Through strict electronic visa and identity information verification processes, smart contracts provide a safe and reliable trading environment for both parties of the transaction. This helps to enhance the trust between the two parties and promote the smooth progress of the transaction.

[0039] Optionally, the approving the two parties to conduct a transaction and generating a transaction record on the blockchain includes: Monitor the execution status of transactions through smart contracts, including the completion of transactions, the performance of both parties to the transaction, and whether there is any breach of contract; When a breach of contract is detected by either party to the transaction, the preset breach of contract handling mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, including freezing part of the defaulting party’s assets and recording the breach of contract as a bad record on the blockchain; When no breach of contract is detected and the transaction is fully executed, the transaction completion confirmation mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, the credit ratings of both parties to the transaction are updated, and the status of the transaction completion is recorded on the blockchain.

[0040] Smart contracts can continuously monitor the execution status of transactions, including the completion of transactions (such as the ratio of completed transactions to total transactions), the performance of both parties to the transaction (such as whether goods or services are delivered in accordance with the agreed time, quantity, quality, etc.), and whether there is any breach of contract. By collecting and analyzing transaction data in real time, smart contracts can promptly discover and feedback any abnormalities in the transaction execution process, and provide timely information support to both parties to the transaction and regulators. When the smart contract detects that either party to the transaction has breached the contract, such as failure to deliver goods on time, substandard service quality, or failure to pay, the preset breach of contract handling mechanism will be triggered. The breach of contract handling mechanism may include freezing some of the assets of the defaulting party to ensure that it has sufficient resources to bear the liability for breach of contract or compensate for losses. At the same time, the smart contract will also record the breach of contract on the blockchain as a bad record for reference by other transaction parties. Through the records of the blockchain, the breach of contract becomes traceable and cannot be tampered with, which enhances the transparency and fairness of the transaction. This helps to maintain the trust and stability of the blockchain network. When the smart contract does not detect the existence of a breach of contract and both parties to the transaction have fully fulfilled their respective obligations, the transaction completion confirmation mechanism will be triggered. After the transaction is completed, the smart contract will update its credit rating based on the performance of both parties. This helps to establish and maintain a credit-based trading environment, encouraging both parties to abide by the rules and be honest and trustworthy. Finally, the smart contract records the status of the transaction on the blockchain. This record not only proves the legitimacy and validity of the transaction, but also provides reliable evidence support for both parties to the transaction. At the same time, it also provides valuable reference information for other parties in the blockchain network.

[0041] Smart contracts can monitor the execution status of transactions in real time, including the completion of transactions and the performance of both parties. This real-time monitoring mechanism improves the transparency of transactions, enables both parties to understand the progress of transactions at any time, and enhances the reliability and controllability of transactions. When a breach of contract is detected by either party to the transaction, the smart contract can automatically trigger the preset breach handling mechanism. This automated processing mechanism not only improves processing efficiency, but also reduces the possibility of human intervention and reduces the risk of unfair processing or delays caused by human factors. At the same time, freezing part of the defaulting party's assets and recording the breach of contract as a bad record on the blockchain forms an effective constraint and punishment on the defaulting party, which helps to maintain the fairness and integrity of the transaction. When the transaction is fully fulfilled, the smart contract can trigger the transaction completion confirmation mechanism and update the credit rating of both parties to the transaction. The improvement of this credit rating system helps to enhance the trust between the two parties to the transaction and promote the smooth progress of the transaction. At the same time, recording the status of the transaction completion on the blockchain also provides a reliable reference for subsequent transactions. Through the automated processing mechanism of smart contracts, transaction costs can be significantly reduced, including reducing intermediary fees and dispute resolution costs. At the same time, the immutability and decentralization of smart contracts also reduce risks in the transaction process, such as data leakage and fraud.

[0042] Optionally, the step of approving the two parties to conduct a transaction and generating a transaction record on the blockchain further includes: Generate a unique transaction identifier through the smart contract to identify the transaction; The transaction identifier, identity information of both parties to the transaction, transaction terms and transaction time are recorded on the blockchain through the smart contract to form a transaction record; The transaction confirmation information is sent to both parties of the transaction through the smart contract, and the transaction confirmation information includes a transaction identifier and a blockchain address of the transaction record, so that both parties of the transaction can subsequently query and verify the transaction status.

[0043] After a transaction is approved by a smart contract, it generates a unique transaction identifier. This transaction identifier is unique and is used to uniquely identify the transaction in the blockchain network. It is usually composed of a string of random characters or numbers to ensure that each transaction can be accurately identified and tracked. The smart contract then records key information such as the transaction identifier, the identity information of the two parties to the transaction (encrypted to protect privacy), the terms of the transaction (including details such as the transaction items, quantity, price, etc.), and the time of the transaction on the blockchain. This information is packaged into a transaction record and stored in a specific block of the blockchain. The distributed nature of the blockchain ensures the security and immutability of this information. After completing the transaction record, the smart contract sends a transaction confirmation message to the two parties to the transaction. This message contains the transaction identifier and the address of the transaction record on the blockchain (that is, the hash value or on-chain address of the block on the blockchain where the transaction record is stored). The two parties to the transaction can use this information to query and verify the status of the transaction later. For example, they can enter a transaction identifier or blockchain address through a blockchain browser or a specific blockchain application to view the details of the transaction, including whether the transaction has been confirmed, the identity information of the two parties to the transaction (partial or full, depending on the privacy settings), the terms of the transaction, and the time of the transaction.

[0044] Smart contracts generate unique transaction identifiers, which ensure that each transaction is unique on the blockchain and can be accurately identified and tracked. This helps both parties to the transaction and other participants in the blockchain network to quickly locate and query specific transaction records, improving the transparency and traceability of transactions. Smart contracts record key information such as transaction identifiers, identity information of both parties to the transaction, transaction terms, and transaction time on the blockchain to form a complete transaction record. The immutability and distributed storage characteristics of this information ensure the integrity and security of the transaction record, so that both parties to the transaction can be sure of the authenticity and validity of the transaction. Smart contracts send transaction confirmation information containing transaction identifiers and transaction record blockchain addresses to both parties to the transaction. This step enables both parties to the transaction to receive instant notification of the completion of the transaction, and can subsequently query and verify the transaction status through the provided blockchain address. This immediacy and convenience improve the experience and satisfaction of both parties to the transaction, and also enhance the reliability and credibility of the transaction. The sending of transaction confirmation information is not only a confirmation of the completion of the transaction, but also an important bridge for communication and collaboration between the two parties to the transaction. Through the transaction identifier and blockchain address, the two parties to the transaction can easily share and verify the transaction information, reducing disputes and misunderstandings caused by information asymmetry or misunderstanding. This helps to establish more harmonious and efficient trading relationships.

[0045] This embodiment also discloses a transaction management system based on electronic visas. Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the module of the electronic visa-based transaction management system disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a deployment module 201, a contract module 202, a request module 203 and an execution module 204, wherein: A deployment module 201 is configured to build a distributed trust network and deploy a blockchain on the distributed trust network; A contract module 202, configured to write a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols, and deploy the smart contract on the blockchain; The request module 203 is configured to, when both parties to a transaction reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the blockchain, and attaches the electronic visa of the transaction initiator to the transaction request; The execution module 204 is configured to verify the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request. When the verification is passed, the transaction is approved by both parties and a transaction record is generated on the blockchain.

[0046] Optionally, the deployment module 201 is configured to: Determine transaction participants, set the transaction participants as nodes, and build all nodes into a distributed trust network based on a point-to-point topology structure; Deploy blockchain client software on each node of the distributed trust network and configure preset parameters and keys; Creating a genesis block of the blockchain based on basic information of the distributed trust network and setting the initial state of the network; Start the blockchain service on all nodes and begin generating and verifying blocks.

[0047] Optionally, the contract module 202 is configured to: Packing the bytecode and metadata of the smart contract into a deployment transaction, submitting the deployment transaction to the blockchain, and verifying whether the bytecode complies with the rules and standards of the blockchain through a preset node; If the verification is successful, the deployment transaction is packaged into a new block and waits for confirmation by other nodes, where the other nodes refer to nodes other than the preset nodes; A first threshold is confirmed according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. When the number of confirmed nodes is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the deployment transaction is confirmed to be valid, and the smart contract is written into the ledger of the blockchain.

[0048] Optionally, the system further comprises a detection module, wherein the detection module is configured to: Collect historical transaction records, the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, online duration and stability of the target node, determine the historical behavior score according to the historical transaction records, determine the resource contribution score according to the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, and determine the online time score according to the online duration and stability. The target node is the node corresponding to the two transaction parties; Assigning a weight to each of the historical behavior score, the resource contribution score, and the online time score, and performing weighted summation to obtain a trust score of the target node, and determining whether the trust score is higher than a second threshold; When the trust score is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is prompted that an abnormality exists in the transaction party corresponding to the target node.

[0049] Optionally, the execution module 204 is configured to: Checking, through the smart contract, whether the first electronic visa attached to the transaction request is valid, including checking the issuing authority, issuing date, and validity period of the electronic visa, where the first electronic visa is the electronic visa corresponding to the transaction initiator; When the first electronic visa is valid, verifying whether the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa; When the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa, decrypt the transaction recipient information in the transaction request, the transaction recipient information includes the second electronic visa and the second identity information of the transaction recipient, and determine whether the second electronic visa is valid; When the second electronic visa is valid, obtaining the first identifier in the second electronic visa, and determining whether the first identifier in the second electronic visa is the same as the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information; When the first identifier in the second electronic visa is identical to the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information, it is confirmed that the verification is successful.

[0050] Optionally, the execution module 204 is configured to: Monitor the execution status of transactions through smart contracts, including the completion of transactions, the performance of both parties to the transaction, and whether there is any breach of contract; When a breach of contract is detected by either party to the transaction, the preset breach of contract handling mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, including freezing part of the defaulting party’s assets and recording the breach of contract as a bad record on the blockchain; When no breach of contract is detected and the transaction is fully executed, the transaction completion confirmation mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, the credit ratings of both parties to the transaction are updated, and the status of the transaction completion is recorded on the blockchain.

[0051] Optionally, the execution module 204 is configured to: Generate a unique transaction identifier through the smart contract to identify the transaction; The transaction identifier, identity information of both parties to the transaction, transaction terms and transaction time are recorded on the blockchain through the smart contract to form a transaction record; The transaction confirmation information is sent to both parties of the transaction through the smart contract, and the transaction confirmation information includes a transaction identifier and a blockchain address of the transaction record, so that both parties of the transaction can subsequently query and verify the transaction status.

[0052] It should be noted that: when the device provided in the above embodiment realizes its function, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual application, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the device and method embodiments provided in the above embodiment belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0053] This embodiment also discloses an electronic device, referring to Figure 3 The electronic device may include: at least one processor 301 , at least one communication bus 302 , a user interface 303 , a network interface 304 , and at least one memory 305 .

[0054] The communication bus 302 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components.

[0055] The user interface 303 may include a display screen (Display) and a camera (Camera). Optionally, the user interface 303 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.

[0056] The network interface 304 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a WI-FI interface).

[0057] Among them, the processor 301 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 301 uses various interfaces and lines to connect various parts in the entire server, and executes various functions of the server and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets or instruction sets stored in the memory 305, and calling data stored in the memory 305. Optionally, the processor 301 can be implemented in at least one hardware form of digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), field programmable gate array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA), and programmable logic array (Programmable Logic Array, PLA). The processor 301 can integrate one or a combination of a central processing unit 301 (Central Processing Unit, CPU), an image processor 301 (Graphics Processing Unit, GPU) and a modem. Among them, the CPU mainly processes the operating system, user interface and application programs; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display screen; and the modem is used to process wireless communications. It can be understood that the above-mentioned modem may not be integrated into the processor 301, and it can be implemented separately through a chip.

[0058] Among them, the memory 305 may include a random access memory 305 (Random Access Memory, RAM), and may also include a read-only memory 305 (Read-Only Memory). Optionally, the memory 305 includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 305 can be used to store instructions, programs, codes, code sets or instruction sets. The memory 305 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as a touch function, a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-mentioned various method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-mentioned various method embodiments, etc. The memory 305 may also be optionally at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor 301. As Figure 3 As shown, the memory 305 as a computer storage medium may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface 303 module, and an application program of a transaction management method based on an electronic visa.

[0059] exist Figure 3In the electronic device shown, the user interface 303 is mainly used to provide an input interface for the user and obtain data input by the user; and the processor 301 can be used to call the application program of the transaction management method based on the electronic visa stored in the memory 305. When executed by one or more processors 301, the electronic device executes one or more methods in the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0060] It should be noted that, for the aforementioned method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that the present application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to the present application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required for the present application.

[0061] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0062] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic, such as the division of units, which is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some service interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical or other forms.

[0063] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0064] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0065] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable memory. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a memory 305 and includes several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned memory 305 includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0066] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and cannot be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. That is, any equivalent changes and modifications made according to the teachings of the present disclosure are still within the scope of the present disclosure. After considering the disclosure of the specification, those skilled in the art will easily think of other embodiments of the present disclosure. This application is intended to cover any modification, use or adaptation of the present disclosure, which follows the general principles of the present disclosure and includes common knowledge or customary technical means in the technical field that are not recorded in the present disclosure. The description and examples are only regarded as exemplary, and the scope and spirit of the present disclosure are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A transaction management method based on electronic visa, characterized in that: Applied to a transaction management platform, the method comprises: Building a distributed trust network and deploying blockchain on the distributed trust network; Writing a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols, and deploying the smart contract on the blockchain; When the transaction parties reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the blockchain and attaches the electronic visa of the transaction initiator to the transaction request; The identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction are verified through the smart contract according to the transaction request. When the verification is passed, the transaction is approved for both parties and a transaction record is generated on the blockchain.

2. The transaction management method based on electronic visa according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of a distributed trust network and the deployment of a blockchain on the distributed trust network include: Determine transaction participants, set the transaction participants as nodes, and build all nodes into a distributed trust network based on a point-to-point topology structure; Deploy blockchain client software on each node of the distributed trust network and configure preset parameters and keys; Creating a genesis block of the blockchain based on basic information of the distributed trust network and setting the initial state of the network; Start the blockchain service on all nodes and begin generating and verifying blocks.

3. The transaction management method based on electronic visa according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of writing a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols and deploying the smart contract on the blockchain includes: Packing the bytecode and metadata of the smart contract into a deployment transaction, submitting the deployment transaction to the blockchain, and verifying whether the bytecode complies with the rules and standards of the blockchain through a preset node; If the verification is successful, the deployment transaction is packaged into a new block and waits for confirmation by other nodes, where the other nodes refer to nodes other than the preset nodes; A first threshold is confirmed according to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain. When the number of confirmed nodes is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the deployment transaction is confirmed to be valid, and the smart contract is written into the ledger of the blockchain.

4. The transaction management method based on electronic visa according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before verifying the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request, the method further includes: Collect historical transaction records, the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, online duration and stability of the target node, determine the historical behavior score according to the historical transaction records, determine the resource contribution score according to the quantity and quality of resources shared in the network, and determine the online time score according to the online duration and stability. The target node is the node corresponding to the two transaction parties; Assigning a weight to each of the historical behavior score, the resource contribution score, and the online time score, and performing weighted summation to obtain a trust score of the target node, and determining whether the trust score is higher than a second threshold; When the trust score is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is prompted that an abnormality exists in the transaction party corresponding to the target node.

5. The transaction management method based on electronic visa according to claim 1, characterized in that: The verification of the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request includes: Checking, through the smart contract, whether the first electronic visa attached to the transaction request is valid, including checking the issuing authority, issuing date, and validity period of the electronic visa, where the first electronic visa is the electronic visa corresponding to the transaction initiator; When the first electronic visa is valid, verifying whether the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa; When the first identity information in the transaction request is consistent with the identity information in the first electronic visa, decrypt the transaction recipient information in the transaction request, the transaction recipient information includes the second electronic visa and the second identity information of the transaction recipient, and determine whether the second electronic visa is valid; When the second electronic visa is valid, obtaining the first identifier in the second electronic visa, and determining whether the first identifier in the second electronic visa is the same as the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information; When the first identifier in the second electronic visa is identical to the second identifier corresponding to the second identity information, it is confirmed that the verification is successful.

6. The transaction management method based on electronic visa according to claim 5, characterized in that: Approving the transaction between the two parties and generating a transaction record on the blockchain includes: Monitor the execution status of transactions through smart contracts, including the completion of transactions, the performance of both parties to the transaction, and whether there is any breach of contract; When a breach of contract is detected by either party to the transaction, the preset breach of contract handling mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, including freezing part of the defaulting party’s assets and recording the breach of contract as a bad record on the blockchain; When no breach of contract is detected and the transaction is fully executed, the transaction completion confirmation mechanism is triggered through the smart contract, the credit ratings of both parties to the transaction are updated, and the status of the transaction completion is recorded on the blockchain.

7. The transaction management method based on electronic visa according to claim 6, characterized in that: The approval of the two parties to conduct a transaction and generating a transaction record on the blockchain also includes: Generate a unique transaction identifier through the smart contract to identify the transaction; The transaction identifier, identity information of both parties to the transaction, transaction terms and transaction time are recorded on the blockchain through the smart contract to form a transaction record; The transaction confirmation information is sent to both parties of the transaction through the smart contract, and the transaction confirmation information includes a transaction identifier and a blockchain address of the transaction record, so that both parties of the transaction can subsequently query and verify the transaction status.

8. A transaction management system based on electronic visa, characterized in that: It includes deployment module, contract module, request module and execution module, among which: A deployment module configured to build a distributed trust network and deploy a blockchain on the distributed trust network; A contract module, configured to write a smart contract according to preset rules and preset protocols, and deploy the smart contract on the blockchain; A request module, configured to, when both parties to a transaction reach a transaction intention, the transaction initiator initiates a transaction request on the blockchain, and attaches the electronic visa of the transaction initiator to the transaction request; The execution module is configured to verify the identities and electronic visas of both parties to the transaction through the smart contract according to the transaction request. When the verification is passed, the two parties are approved to conduct the transaction and a transaction record is generated on the blockchain.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: It includes a processor, a memory, a user interface and a network interface, the memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are both used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory so that the electronic device executes the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions, and when the instructions are executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is performed.

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