Park source network load storage multi-agent transaction mechanism under multiple markets

Abstract

The invention discloses a park source network load storage multi-agent transaction mechanism in a multi-element market, and relates to the technical field of power market transaction mechanisms. The method comprises the following steps: determining a game relationship between a park source network load storage multi-agent and each benefit agent; depicting an electric energy market transaction framework, an auxiliary service market transaction framework and a multi-market collaborative transaction framework; based on medium and long term market transactions, spot market transactions and auxiliary service market transactions, a park source network load storage multi-subject transaction mechanism under multiple markets is constructed. According to the park source network load storage multi-agent transaction mechanism under the multi-element market provided by the invention, multiple agents are introduced to participate in multi-element market transaction and collaborative operation, so that diversified supply and consumption of electric power in the park are realized, and the competitiveness and flexibility of the electric power market are promoted; meanwhile, through information interaction and collaborative transaction, balance and optimization of power supply and demand in the park are realized, new energy is utilized to the greatest extent, and sustainability and stability of a power system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power market trading mechanisms, in particular to a multi-party trading mechanism for park sources, grids, loads and storage in a diversified market. Background Art

[0002] In the traditional electricity market, the power system operators are dominant, and a few major power generation companies and power supply companies monopolize the power supply market. There are problems such as high market concentration, low transaction efficiency, and imbalance between supply and demand. With the large-scale access of new energy and the development of new energy storage, the park source, grid, load and storage are facing more complex supply and demand relationships and operational challenges. In order to achieve efficient supply and consumption of electric energy in the park, a multi-party transaction mechanism for park source, grid, load and storage under a diversified market is needed to coordinate the generation of new energy, flexible adjustment of loads and the application of energy storage, so as to achieve balance and optimization of power supply and demand.

[0003] At present, the power trading and dispatching in the park mainly rely on the central dispatching agency and the power market operator for unified management and arrangement. However, this centralized dispatching and trading mechanism has problems such as poor information exchange, low transaction efficiency, and lack of flexibility. In addition, due to the different interests and goals of various entities, there are certain constraints and challenges in market competition and collaboration in the park power trading. Therefore, a multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage under a diversified market is needed to achieve the balance and optimization of power supply and demand in the park through information interaction and coordinated transactions. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a multi-subject trading mechanism for park sources, grids, loads and storage under a diversified market, which is used to solve the problems of insufficient coordination among multiple subjects, unoptimized resource allocation and inflexible trading mechanism under a diversified market environment. It can improve the energy utilization efficiency of various subjects in the park, optimize the diversified market trading mechanism and enhance the economic benefits of the park.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a multi-subject transaction mechanism for park source, grid, load and storage in a diversified market, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0006] S1. Determine the game relationship between multiple entities and stakeholders in the park’s source, grid, load and storage;

[0007] S2. Describe the electric energy market transaction framework, ancillary service market transaction framework and multi-market collaborative transaction framework;

[0008] S3. Based on medium- and long-term market transactions, spot market transactions and ancillary service market transactions, a multi-subject transaction mechanism for park power generation, grid, load and storage will be established under a diversified market.

[0009] Preferably, in S1, the park source, grid, load and storage multiple entities include new energy operators, power grid operators, load aggregators and energy storage operators.

[0010] Preferably, the benefits analysis of multiple entities of the park source, grid, load and storage is carried out in the following steps:

[0011] S111. New energy operators hope to reduce construction and operation costs and transaction expenses with energy storage operators, increase electricity sales revenue, and configure new energy capacity with the goal of maximizing their own profits;

[0012] S112. Grid operators comprehensively consider the revenue from electricity purchase and sales, cable line expansion costs, network loss costs and failure costs;

[0013] S113, load aggregators decide the response amount based on the power price signal and the grid incentive mechanism, with the highest satisfaction of their own participation in load response as the target;

[0014] S114. Energy storage operators hope to increase transaction income with new power operators and arbitrage income from low-storage and high-generation, reduce the construction and operation costs of energy storage devices, improve their own benefits and configure the capacity of energy storage equipment.

[0015] Preferably, in the process of coordinated planning of the park's source, grid, load and storage, the game relationship analysis of the park's stakeholders is as follows:

[0016] S121. New energy capacity configuration affects the transaction income of energy storage operators and new energy operators and the income from power purchase and sale of power by power grid operators;

[0017] S122. Grid operators hope to ensure the safe and economical operation of the park grid and seek to reduce cable expansion and operating costs. The expansion of distribution network cables affects the amount of new energy connected to the grid, which in turn affects the revenue of energy storage operators.

[0018] S123. Energy storage operators decide on the capacity configuration of energy storage with the goal of increasing transaction income with new power operators and arbitrage income from low storage and high generation, and reducing investment and operation and maintenance costs of energy storage devices. The capacity configuration of energy storage affects the wind and solar power abandonment rate of new power sources and the operation cost of the power grid.

[0019] S124. Load aggregators, based on fixed electricity price signals and incentive mechanisms, unilaterally transmit electricity usage arrangements to grid operators with the goal of maximizing their own profits, and do not participate in the interest game as a game subject.

[0020] Preferably, in S2, the electric energy market transaction framework includes a medium- and long-term market and a spot market; in the medium- and long-term market, the electricity buyers and power generators in the park conduct bilateral negotiations independently, and the power market transaction center does not participate in the negotiations. The specific negotiation steps are as follows:

[0021] S211. In the first round of bilateral negotiations, the bid is made based on the lower limit of the price declared by the buyer, and the bid is made based on the upper limit of the price declared by the generator;

[0022] S212, the second round of bilateral negotiation. If the transaction fails in the previous round of bilateral negotiation, the two parties need to sort out the transaction information and formulate the second round of quotation strategy based on the market power abundance. If the transaction still fails in this round, the process will be repeated.

[0023] S213, in the Sth round of bilateral negotiation, when the quotation rounds of both parties reach the upper limit S, if the transaction still fails, the negotiation between the two parties will be stopped, and the two parties will seek other entities in the market to negotiate again;

[0024] In the spot market, the specific transaction steps are as follows:

[0025] S221. The trading center releases information. Before the next day's electricity spot market trading, the grid operator publishes the load information at each time point one day in advance; each energy generator needs to match the actual load demand with the contracted electricity quantity in combination with the contracted electricity quantity signed during the medium- and long-term transactions. The remaining load demand at each time point is the spot market bidding space;

[0026] S222, information declaration of power generators: based on the power demand of the industrial park load, power generators shall make information declarations including price information and output information at each time point;

[0027] S223. Electricity market clearing: after collecting the declaration information of each power generator on the power supply side, the grid operator conducts pre-clearing and feeds back the pre-clearing results to the new energy operator; after receiving the feedback from the grid operator, the power generator adjusts its own quotation in real time and submits the new round of declaration results to the trading center; the above operations are repeated until the market reaches Nash equilibrium to form the final clearing result.

[0028] Preferably, in S2, the ancillary service market transaction framework includes active power control services, reactive power control services and accident handling;

[0029] The active power control services include peak load regulation, frequency regulation, standby and ramping;

[0030] The reactive power control service is that each entity in the park injects and absorbs reactive power into the power grid according to the reactive power control instructions issued by the power grid control center, using automatic voltage control (AVC) and phase adjustment operation, and can also achieve reactive power balance by adjusting the reactive power distribution.

[0031] The accident handling includes: black start, machine shedding service and load shedding service;

[0032] Preferably, in S2, the multi-market coordinated transaction framework includes coordinated transactions between the medium- and long-term market and the spot market and coordinated transactions between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market;

[0033] The coordinated trading between the medium- and long-term market and the spot market first requires the determination of the medium- and long-term trading curve. There are two ways to generate it. One is to decompose the medium- and long-term contract electricity into different time periods on the operation day according to certain rules. The other is to carry out medium- and long-term trading of agreed power curves and time periods.

[0034] In the coordinated transactions between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market, there is a capacity coupling between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market, and they remain synchronized in the time dimension. The integration method of the two markets is closely related to their clearing mechanism.

[0035] Preferably, in S3, the electricity price and part of the transaction electricity are locked in advance through the medium- and long-term market transactions, including:

[0036] S311. The transaction method is to conduct medium- and long-term market transactions with annual bilateral negotiated transactions as the object;

[0037] S312. The park's new energy operators make quotation decisions based on their own power supply capabilities and expected revenue values, and the load aggregators determine reasonable bilateral electricity price contracts with the new energy operators based on their quotation decisions;

[0038] S313. Before conducting market transactions, new energy operators need to fully consider the output of wind power and photovoltaic power as well as the internal load characteristics, determine their own trading capabilities, and then determine the contractual electricity volume of the transaction between the two parties.

[0039] Preferably, in S3, the spot market transaction includes a day-ahead market and a real-time market;

[0040] The day-ahead market transaction process is as follows:

[0041] S3211. Day-ahead information submission: Load aggregators and energy operators are responsible for determining and reporting their own forecasts of energy demand and the boundary conditions for the units to participate in operation;

[0042] S3212, day-ahead information release: the grid operator releases the day-ahead electricity demand curve to all energy demand parties through the trading system before participating in the bidding;

[0043] S3213. Report bidding information. Energy operators report bidding price curves based on energy forecast information.

[0044] S3214, day-ahead market clearing: during the bidding process, the grid operator calculates the day-ahead market transaction clearing results based on relevant information;

[0045] S3215, the day-ahead power transaction is released, the bidding process ends and the power clearing results and power price information of the day-ahead market are announced;

[0046] The real-time market transaction process is as follows:

[0047] S3221, real-time information submission, load aggregators report real-time energy load information based on the day-ahead-day electricity clearing situation;

[0048] S3222, real-time energy dispatching: energy storage operators and load aggregators adjust the energy dispatching strategies of the park's source, grid, load and storage entities in real time based on the deviation of actual demand from the day before and within the day and the real-time energy purchase cost from the day before and within the day;

[0049] S3223. Real-time energy settlement: Grid operators use a one-price method to settle energy imbalances based on day-ahead and intraday clearing prices, and collect adjustment fees through a deviation penalty mechanism;

[0050] S3224, actual transaction release, the grid operator determines the actual demand strategy of each operator in the park and announces the market transaction results.

[0051] Preferably, in S3, the ancillary service market transactions include peak load ancillary service market, frequency regulation ancillary service market, reactive power balance ancillary service market and accident handling ancillary services;

[0052] The transaction process of the peak load ancillary service market is as follows:

[0053] S3311. Market composition: The peak-shaving market includes three types of transactions: day-ahead, intraday and real-time peak-shaving transactions. The dispatching agency issues peak-shaving instructions for the next 24 hours, the next 3, 4 hours and the next 15 minutes respectively.

[0054] S3312, Market access: The aggregate capacity of each entity must reach the minimum threshold and be able to collect electricity consumption information and access the grid operation and monitoring platform and dispatching control platform;

[0055] S3313, price clearing: the dispatching agency releases the day-ahead power generation plan and arranges energy storage operators and load aggregators to provide peak load shaving services during the period with the highest clearing price;

[0056] S3314, Settlement: The dispatching agency shall settle the peak load adjustment fee on a monthly basis according to the actual execution volume and the quotation;

[0057] The transaction process of the frequency regulation auxiliary service market is as follows:

[0058] S3321. Market composition: All entities in the park participate in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market through weekly quotation, day-ahead pre-clearance and intraday call trading;

[0059] S3322, Market access: Grid operators with AGC regulation capabilities, energy storage operators with a single-station charging and discharging power of more than 5MW, a total charging and discharging capacity of more than 10MW, and a duration of more than 2 hours;

[0060] S3323, quotation clearing: the grid operator determines the reporting unit based on the grid access situation;

[0061] S3324. Settlement: The compensation paid by the grid operator for participating in the frequency regulation service consists of two parts: basic compensation and call compensation;

[0062] In the reactive power balance auxiliary service market transactions, new energy operators and energy storage operators are compensated according to the reactive power generated more than the lagging power factor of 0.95, the reactive power absorbed more than the leading power factor of 0.95, and the reactive power generated during phase adjustment operation;

[0063] The accident handling auxiliary services include black start, machine shedding and load shedding.

[0064] Therefore, the present invention proposes a multi-subject transaction mechanism for park source, grid, load and storage in a diversified market, and its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0065] (1) The multi-subject transaction mechanism of power generation, grid, load and storage in a park under a diversified market of the present invention realizes diversified supply and consumption of electricity in the park by introducing multiple subjects to participate in diversified market transactions and coordinated operations, thereby promoting the competitiveness and flexibility of the electricity market.

[0066] (2) The multi-party trading mechanism of power generation, grid, load and storage in a park under a diversified market of the present invention realizes the balance and optimization of power supply and demand in the park through information interaction and coordinated trading, maximizes the use of new energy, and improves the sustainability and stability of the power system.

[0067] (3) The multi-party transaction mechanism of the park source, grid, load and storage under a diversified market of the present invention encourages and promotes the construction and operation of new energy power generation facilities and energy storage equipment in the park, promotes the sustainable development of energy, and improves the resource utilization efficiency of the park source, grid, load and storage through the efficient configuration and utilization of energy.

[0068] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 It is a transaction flow chart of a multi-subject transaction mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage under a diversified market of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 2 It is a game relationship of the interests of various subjects in the park in a multi-subject transaction mechanism of park source, network, load and storage under a multi-market of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of multi-subject transactions in a park under a multi-market electric energy market of a multi-subject transaction mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in the present invention;

[0072] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of multi-subject transactions in a park under an auxiliary service market of a multi-subject transaction mechanism of park sources, networks, loads and storage under a diversified market according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the technical solutions, advantages and purposes of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of this application.

[0074] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-subject transaction mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in a diversified market, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0076] S1. Determine the game relationship between multiple entities and stakeholders in the park’s source, grid, load and storage;

[0077] The multiple entities of the park's source, grid, load and storage are divided into the following four entities: New Energy Operator (NEO); Grid Operator (GO); Load Aggregator (LV); Energy Storage Operator (ESO).

[0078] The steps for analyzing the benefits of multiple entities in the park, including source, grid, load and storage, are as follows:

[0079] 1. New energy operators hope to reduce construction and operation costs and transaction expenses with energy storage operators, increase electricity sales revenue, and configure new energy capacity with the goal of maximizing their own profits;

[0080] 2. The grid operator comprehensively considers the revenue from electricity purchase and sale, the cost of cable line expansion, network loss cost and failure cost;

[0081] 3. Load aggregators decide the response amount based on the power price signal and grid incentive mechanism, with the highest satisfaction of their own participation in load response as the target;

[0082] 4. Energy storage operators hope to increase transaction income with new power operators and arbitrage income from low-storage and high-generation, reduce the construction and operation costs of energy storage devices, improve their own benefits and configure the capacity of energy storage equipment.

[0083] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in the process of coordinated planning of park sources, grids, loads and storage, different subjects have different focuses on their interests. At present, the business model of energy storage is not perfect. In order to reduce the wind abandonment rate, energy storage operators give priority to bilateral cooperation with new energy operators. The remaining battery capacity is based on time-of-use electricity prices to achieve low-storage and high-generation arbitrage. New power operators decide on the capacity configuration of new energy with the goal of reducing construction and operation costs and transaction expenses with energy storage operators and increasing electricity sales revenue. The new energy capacity configuration affects the transaction income between energy storage operators and new energy operators and the purchase and sale income of power grid operators;

[0084] Grid operators want to ensure the safe and economical operation of the park grid and seek to reduce cable expansion and operating costs. The expansion of distribution network cables affects the amount of new energy connected to the grid, which in turn affects the revenue of energy storage operators. Energy storage operators decide on the capacity configuration of energy storage with the goal of increasing transaction income with new power operators and arbitrage income from low storage and high generation, and reducing investment and operation and maintenance costs of energy storage devices. The capacity configuration of energy storage affects the wind and solar power abandonment rate of new power sources and the operating costs of the grid.

[0085] The interests of new energy operators, grid operators and energy storage operators have different focuses, while the load aggregators participating in demand response seek to reduce electricity bills and increase power outage compensation. Considering that the benefits of load users are affected by the electricity price signals and incentive mechanisms released by the grid side, and are not directly affected by the decision variables of the other three stakeholders, load aggregators are not considered as game subjects. Load aggregators only transmit electricity arrangements to grid operators in a one-way manner based on fixed electricity price signals and incentive mechanisms with the goal of maximizing their own benefits.

[0086] S2. Describe the electric energy market transaction framework, ancillary service market transaction framework and multi-market collaborative transaction framework;

[0087] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the electric energy market transaction framework includes the medium- and long-term market and the spot market. In the medium- and long-term market, the power buyers and power generators in the park conduct bilateral negotiations independently, and the power market trading center does not participate in the negotiations. Before conducting bilateral negotiation transactions, the park power buyers and power generators pre-set their own upper and lower limits of quotations, and at the same time plan the electricity demand that needs to be traded in the medium- and long-term power transaction stage (set to 80% of the total annual purchase / generation volume). For power generators, the lower limit of their quotations depends on their own power generation costs. The specific negotiation steps are as follows:

[0088] 1. In the first round of bidding, bids are made based on the lower limit of the price declared by the electricity purchaser, and bids are made based on the upper limit of the price declared by the electricity generator. When the bid of the electricity generator is lower than the price declared by the electricity purchaser, the transaction between the two parties is successful, and the average of the bids of both parties is used as the transaction price; when the bid of the electricity generator is higher than the price declared by the electricity purchaser, the transaction between the two parties fails.

[0089] 2. If the transaction fails in the previous round of bilateral negotiations, the two parties need to sort out the transaction information and formulate a second round of quotation strategy based on the market power abundance. In the second round of quotations, the electricity purchaser raises the quotation and the power generator reduces the quotation. The basis for judging whether the transaction is successful or not is the same as the first round of bilateral negotiations. If the transaction still fails in this round, the process will be repeated.

[0090] 3. When the quotation rounds of both parties reach the upper limit S, if the transaction still fails, the negotiation between the two parties will be stopped, and the two parties will seek other entities in the market to negotiate again. Trading with new market entities can be regarded as a repetition of the above bilateral negotiation process. The difference is that the quotation information of the new trading object is different from the previous trading object. The two parties continue to negotiate in the market until both parties meet the medium- and long-term market electricity trading needs.

[0091] In the spot market, under spot trading, all stakeholders in the park implement centralized bidding transactions, and the independent system operator collects the declared information of electricity prices and electricity volume of the market players in the park, and conducts clearing in a unified manner. As a supplement to medium- and long-term electricity transactions, spot electricity transactions will re-trade the remaining electricity demand on the basis of completing the medium- and long-term contract transaction volume to ensure the balance of supply and demand in the short-term electricity market. However, in the short-term time scale, the electricity buyer needs to meet the electricity demand on the load side as much as possible, and it is impossible to reach a satisfactory transaction price through multiple rounds of negotiations like medium- and long-term transactions. Therefore, in the spot market trading environment, the electricity buyer only declares the load demand at each point in time, and does not need to declare the electricity price (in order to avoid excessive bidding by power generators due to the non-participation of electricity buyers in bidding, market clearing price constraints are set), while each power generator on the power supply side needs to declare both electricity price information and power generation information. The specific transaction steps are as follows:

[0092] 1. The trading center releases information. Before the next day's electricity spot market transactions, the grid operator will announce the load information at each time point one day in advance; each energy power generator needs to match the actual load demand with the contractual electricity quantity in combination with the contractual electricity quantity signed during medium- and long-term transactions. The remaining load demand at each time point is the spot market bidding space.

[0093] 2. Information declaration by power generators: Based on the power demand of the industrial park load, power generators shall make information declarations including price information and output information at each time point.

[0094] 3. Electricity market clearing: After collecting the declaration information of each power generator on the power supply side, the grid operator conducts pre-clearing and feeds back the pre-clearing results to the new energy operator. After receiving the feedback from the grid operator, the power generator adjusts its own quotation in real time and submits the new round of declaration results to the trading center. The above behaviors are repeated until the market reaches the Nash equilibrium to form the final clearing result, and the next day's new energy unit power generation plan is arranged according to the final result.

[0095] The transaction framework of the ancillary service market includes active power control services, reactive power control services and accident handling;

[0096] Among them, active power control services include:

[0097] 1. Peak shaving: The grid determines the peak shaving demand, and the market players with peak shaving capacity in the park declare the power output and electricity price to be reduced, and the declared prices are ranked until the peak shaving demand is met;

[0098] 2. Frequency regulation: The power grid within the park is used as the unified purchaser, and the frequency regulation market costs are further shared among the entities within the park. The sharing method is mainly to the power generation side or to both the power generation and power consumption sides. The new energy power generation units within the park that meet the automatic generation control (AGC) technical standards are the sellers;

[0099] 3. Reserve: Reserve ancillary services are compensated at a fixed price before entering market competition. The compensation standard for reserve ancillary services of new energy storage is the same as that of the grid-connected entities on the power generation side. Considering the opportunity cost of the spot market, the compensation standard for reserve ancillary services of each entity participating in the spot market should be appropriately increased;

[0100] 4. Climbing: Park grid-connected entities with a regulation rate equal to or exceeding 1.5% of the rated capacity per minute can participate in providing climbing assistance services and be compensated based on the climbing preparation time and mileage.

[0101] Reactive power control service is a service provided by various entities in the park, based on reactive power control instructions issued by the power grid control center, using automatic voltage control (AVC) and phase adjustment operation to inject or absorb reactive power into the power grid, or adjust reactive power distribution to achieve reactive balance.

[0102] Accident handling includes:

[0103] 1. Black start: provided by new energy generators or energy storage power stations with self-starting capabilities in the park;

[0104] 2. Generator disconnection service: When a power system failure occurs, the system's stable control equipment disconnects the new energy generator set from the power grid to ensure the normal operation of the power grid;

[0105] 3. Load shedding service: When a power system failure occurs, the system's automatic safety device will cut off part of the load to ensure the normal operation of the power grid.

[0106] The multi-market coordinated trading framework includes coordinated trading between the medium- and long-term market and the spot market, and coordinated trading between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market;

[0107] Among them, the connection mechanism between the medium- and long-term market and the spot market transactions is divided into a physical delivery method that requires rigid execution and a financial delivery method that is only used as a basis for settlement. Regardless of which method is adopted, the primary issue is to determine the medium- and long-term trading curve. There are two main ways to generate medium- and long-term trading curves. One is to decompose the medium- and long-term contract electricity into each period of the operating day according to certain rules, and the other is to carry out medium- and long-term transactions of agreed electricity curves or time periods. For the park source, grid, load and storage, the volatility and randomness of new energy output require a sufficiently flexible medium- and long-term market mechanism to avoid its trading risks, such as converting medium- and long-term electricity contracts into electricity contracts.

[0108] There is a capacity coupling between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market, and they are synchronized in the time dimension. The integration mode of the two markets is closely related to their clearing mechanism. The clearing modes between the power markets are mainly divided into independent clearing and joint clearing. The independent clearing mode is suitable for the early stages of decentralized power markets and centralized markets. In this mode, the clearing order of electric energy and various ancillary services is considered. The joint clearing mode is suitable for more mature centralized markets, and can simultaneously obtain clearing results that meet the system's safe operation requirements and include electric energy and ancillary services. In the park's source-grid-load-storage system, the flexible load and energy storage system have flexible adjustment capabilities, and can achieve better overall economic benefits under the joint clearing mode, thereby reflecting the opportunity cost of the park's source-grid-load-storage in providing ancillary services.

[0109] S3. Based on the medium- and long-term market trading mechanism, the spot market trading mechanism and the auxiliary service market trading mechanism, a multi-subject trading mechanism for park sources, grids, loads and storage will be established under a diversified market.

[0110] In medium- and long-term market transactions, the output of renewable energy is random and volatile, and there are transmission power limitations with the main grid, so the deviation cannot be completely handled through the spot market. Therefore, it is possible to lock in electricity prices and part of the transaction volume in advance by participating in medium- and long-term transactions. The park source-grid-load-storage mainly involves renewable energy operators and load aggregators in medium- and long-term market transactions, including:

[0111] 1. Trading method: Considering the seasonal fluctuations of wind power, photovoltaic power and load within the park, new energy operators and load aggregators need to participate in bilateral negotiation transactions to master their declared power, and find trading partners with similar power consumption characteristics to their own output characteristics in bilateral negotiation transactions to sign contracts, thus forming a complementary relationship. Therefore, the park's source, grid, load and storage entities conduct medium- and long-term market transactions with annual bilateral negotiation transactions as the object.

[0112] 2. Contract electricity price: The new energy operator of the park makes a quotation decision based on its own power supply capacity and expected profit value. The load aggregator determines a reasonable bilateral electricity price contract with the new energy operator based on its quotation decision;

[0113] 3. Contracted electricity. Before conducting market transactions, new energy operators need to fully consider the output of wind power and photovoltaic power as well as the internal load characteristics, determine their own trading capabilities, and then determine the contracted electricity for transactions between the two parties.

[0114] The spot market trading mechanism includes the day-ahead market and the real-time market. In the day-ahead market, new energy operators use a non-cooperative game model to determine the price strategy based on the day-ahead electricity demand forecast curve provided by the load aggregator to carry out day-ahead clearing of electricity. The price competition in the day-ahead market is based on energy demand forecast information, and the entire transaction process is divided into the following five main links:

[0115] 1. Day-ahead information submission: Load aggregators and energy operators are responsible for determining and reporting their own forecasts of energy demand and the boundary conditions for the units to participate in operation;

[0116] 2. Day-ahead information release: Grid operators release day-ahead electricity demand curves to all energy demand parties through the trading system before participating in the bidding;

[0117] 3. Report bidding information. Energy operators report bidding price curves based on energy forecast information;

[0118] 4. Day-ahead market clearing: During the bidding process, the grid operator calculates the day-ahead market transaction clearing results based on relevant information;

[0119] 5. The day-ahead electricity transaction is released, the bidding process ends, and the day-ahead market electricity clearing results and electricity price information are announced;

[0120] In the real-time market, energy entities within the park adjust the use of real-time electricity according to their own deviation costs and actual energy needs, and form a cooperative alliance to jointly bear the deviation penalty costs. Through the participation of various entities in the park in the secondary clearing and settlement of the actual electricity market, real-time supply and demand balance is achieved, and the energy utilization benefits of multiple entities in the park, including source, grid, load and storage, are maximized. After the clearing results and price information of the transaction are determined in the day-ahead and intraday markets, the real-time market begins to adjust the imbalance of energy. The entire transaction process includes the following four steps:

[0121] 1. Information is submitted in real time. Load aggregators report real-time energy load information based on the day-ahead and day-intraday electricity clearing conditions;

[0122] 2. Real-time energy dispatch: Energy storage operators and load aggregators adjust the energy dispatch strategies of the park’s energy users, including source, grid, load and storage, in real time based on the deviation of actual demand from the day before and within the day and the real-time energy purchase cost from the day before and within the day;

[0123] 3. Real-time energy settlement: grid operators use a one-price method to settle energy imbalances based on day-ahead and intraday clearing prices, and collect adjustment fees through a deviation penalty mechanism;

[0124] 4. Actual transactions are released. The grid operator determines the actual demand strategies of each operator in the park and announces the market transaction results.

[0125] like Figure 4 As shown, the ancillary service market trading mechanism includes the peak load ancillary service market, the frequency regulation ancillary service market, the reactive power balance ancillary service market and the accident handling ancillary service;

[0126] Among them, the transaction process of the peak load ancillary service market is as follows:

[0127] 1. Market composition: The peak-shaving market includes three types of transactions: day-ahead, intraday and real-time peak-shaving transactions. The dispatching agency issues peak-shaving instructions for the next 24 hours (96 o'clock), the next 3 or 4 hours (8 o'clock) and the next 15 minutes (1 o'clock) respectively;

[0128] 2. Market access: It is stipulated that the aggregate capacity of each entity must reach the minimum threshold and be able to collect electricity consumption information, access the power grid operation and monitoring platform, dispatching and control platform, etc.;

[0129] 3. Quotation clearing: The dispatching agency releases the day-ahead power generation plan and arranges energy storage operators and load aggregators to provide peak-shaving services during the period with the highest clearing price. Each entity participating in the peak-shaving market does not need to quote its own price. Each entity participating in day-ahead peak-shaving transactions and intraday peak-shaving transactions must report the peak-shaving capacity and price. The dispatching agency clears the prices from low to high and from the earliest to the latest quotation time. Load aggregators and energy storage operators participating in real-time peak-shaving transactions must report the peak-shaving price, capacity and duration. The dispatching agency clears electricity from low to high prices, from the earliest to the latest quotation time, and from the longest to the shortest duration;

[0130] 4. Settlement: The peak-shaving performance is not taken into consideration during settlement, and the peak-shaving fee is settled monthly by the dispatching agency based only on the actual execution volume and the quotation.

[0131] The transaction process of the frequency regulation ancillary service market is as follows:

[0132] 1. Market composition: All entities in the park participate in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market through weekly quotation, day-ahead pre-clearance and intraday call trading;

[0133] 2. Market access: Grid operators with AGC regulation capabilities, energy storage operators with a single-station charging and discharging power of more than 5MW, a total charging and discharging capacity of more than 10MW, and a duration of more than 2 hours;

[0134] 3. Quotation clearing: The grid operator determines the reporting unit based on the grid access situation. The grid operator does not report the unit price of frequency regulation services, but clears the price by referring to the product of the highest market transaction price PM and the compensation standard value KM (currently taken as 1, which reflects the degree of incentive for the grid operator to participate in the frequency regulation market by the market operator). The "seven-day comprehensive frequency regulation performance index / frequency regulation quotation" is sorted from high to low, and pre-clearing is carried out in accordance with the principle of "calling on demand and calling in sequence";

[0135] 4. Settlement: The compensation paid by the grid operator for participating in the frequency regulation service includes two parts: basic compensation and call compensation. The basic compensation is obtained by multiplying the basic service compensation standard, the comprehensive frequency regulation performance index of the day, the adjustable capacity of the AGC, and the operation rate of the AGC, while the call compensation is obtained by multiplying the effective frequency regulation mileage, the comprehensive frequency regulation performance index of the day, and the clearing price.

[0136] In the reactive power balance ancillary service market transactions, new energy operators and energy storage operators are compensated according to the reactive power generated in excess of the lagging power factor of 0.95 (the value for conventional power sources is 0.85) or the reactive power absorbed in excess of the leading power factor of 0.95 (the value for conventional power sources is 0.97), as well as the reactive power generated during phase adjustment operation. The compensation standard is the same as the compensation standard for thermal power in conventional power sources, and is twice that of hydropower. The compensation for paid reactive power services of new energy operators and energy storage operators is the reactive power contribution provided by wind power, photovoltaics and energy storage, excluding the reactive power contribution made by static VAR generators, static VAR compensation devices and other devices. New energy and energy storage AVC are compensated according to station metering, and the new energy station AVC connected through aggregation is, in principle, shared and compensated in proportion to the installed capacity connected to the aggregation system.

[0137] The auxiliary services for accident handling include:

[0138] Black start: Grid operators sign medium- and long-term contracts with renewable energy operators and energy storage operators that are capable of participating in black start. Compensation costs include capacity fees and usage fees. The compensation standards for independent energy storage power stations are the same as those for thermal power.

[0139] Generator and load shedding: New energy operators and energy storage operators with generator and load shedding functions can participate in providing generator and load shedding services. The compensation standards include capacity fees and usage fees.

[0140] Therefore, the multi-subject transaction mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage under a diversified market proposed in the present invention can not only improve the flexibility and efficiency of multi-subject transactions of park source, grid, load and storage, but also ensure that each subject obtains a reasonable return in the diversified market, promote the intelligent and green development of park source, grid, load and storage, and promote the construction of new power system and energy Internet.

[0141] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-party trading mechanism for park power grid, load and storage in a diversified market, characterized by: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Determine the game relationship between multiple entities and stakeholders in the park’s source, grid, load and storage; S2. Describe the electric energy market transaction framework, ancillary service market transaction framework and multi-market collaborative transaction framework; S3. Based on medium- and long-term market transactions, spot market transactions and ancillary service market transactions, a multi-subject transaction mechanism for park power generation, grid, load and storage will be established under a diversified market.

2. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 1, it is characterized by: In S1, the park's source, grid, load and storage entities include new energy operators, power grid operators, load aggregators and energy storage operators.

3. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 2, it is characterized by: The steps for analyzing the benefits of multiple entities in the park, including source, grid, load and storage, are as follows: S111. New energy operators hope to reduce construction and operation costs and transaction expenses with energy storage operators, increase electricity sales revenue, and configure new energy capacity with the goal of maximizing their own profits; S112. Grid operators comprehensively consider the revenue from electricity purchase and sales, cable line expansion costs, network loss costs and failure costs; S113, load aggregators decide the response amount based on the power price signal and the grid incentive mechanism, with the highest satisfaction of their own participation in load response as the target; S114. Energy storage operators hope to increase transaction income with new power operators and arbitrage income from low-storage and high-generation, reduce the construction and operation costs of energy storage devices, improve their own benefits and configure the capacity of energy storage equipment.

4. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 3, it is characterized by: In the process of coordinated planning of source-grid-load-storage in the park, the game relationship between the various stakeholders in the park is analyzed as follows: S121. New energy capacity configuration affects the transaction income of energy storage operators and new energy operators and the income from power purchase and sale of power by power grid operators; S122. Grid operators hope to ensure the safe and economical operation of the park grid and seek to reduce cable expansion and operating costs. The expansion of distribution network cables affects the amount of new energy connected to the grid, which in turn affects the revenue of energy storage operators. S123. Energy storage operators decide on the capacity configuration of energy storage with the goal of increasing transaction income with new power operators and arbitrage income from low storage and high generation, and reducing investment and operation and maintenance costs of energy storage devices. The capacity configuration of energy storage affects the wind and solar power abandonment rate of new power sources and the operation cost of the power grid. S124. Load aggregators, based on fixed electricity price signals and incentive mechanisms, unilaterally transmit electricity usage arrangements to grid operators with the goal of maximizing their own profits, and do not participate in the interest game as a game subject.

5. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 1, it is characterized by: In S2, the electric energy market transaction framework includes the medium- and long-term market and the spot market; in the medium- and long-term market, the electricity buyers and power generators in the park conduct bilateral negotiations independently, and the power market transaction center does not participate in the negotiations. The specific negotiation steps are as follows: S211. In the first round of bilateral negotiations, the bid is made based on the lower limit of the price declared by the buyer, and the bid is made based on the upper limit of the price declared by the generator; S212, the second round of bilateral negotiation. If the transaction fails in the previous round of bilateral negotiation, the two parties need to sort out the transaction information and formulate the second round of quotation strategy based on the market power abundance. If the transaction still fails in this round, the process will be repeated. S213, in the Sth round of bilateral negotiation, when the quotation rounds of both parties reach the upper limit S, if the transaction still fails, the negotiation between the two parties will be stopped, and the two parties will seek other entities in the market to negotiate again; In the spot market, the specific transaction steps are as follows: S221. The trading center releases information. Before the next day's electricity spot market trading, the grid operator publishes the load information at each time point one day in advance; each energy generator needs to match the actual load demand with the contracted electricity quantity in combination with the contracted electricity quantity signed during the medium- and long-term transactions. The remaining load demand at each time point is the spot market bidding space; S222, information declaration of power generators: based on the power demand of the industrial park load, power generators shall make information declarations including price information and output information at each time point; S223. Power market clearing: After collecting the declaration information of each power generator on the power supply side, the grid operator conducts pre-clearing and feeds back the pre-clearing results to the new energy operator; After receiving feedback from the grid operator, the power generator adjusts its own quotation in real time and submits the new round of application results to the trading center; the above operations are repeated until the market reaches Nash equilibrium and forms the final clearing result.

6. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 1, it is characterized by: In S2, the ancillary service market transaction framework includes active control services, reactive control services and accident handling; The active power control services include peak load regulation, frequency regulation, standby and ramping; The reactive power control service is that each entity in the park injects and absorbs reactive power into the power grid according to the reactive power control instructions issued by the power grid control center, using automatic voltage control (AVC) and phase adjustment operation, and can also achieve reactive power balance by adjusting the reactive power distribution. The accident handling includes: black start, machine shedding service and load shedding service.

7. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 1, it is characterized by: In S2, the multi-market coordinated transaction framework includes coordinated transactions between the medium- and long-term market and the spot market and coordinated transactions between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market; The coordinated trading between the medium- and long-term market and the spot market first requires the determination of the medium- and long-term trading curve. There are two ways to generate it. One is to decompose the medium- and long-term contract electricity into different time periods on the operation day according to certain rules. The other is to carry out medium- and long-term trading of agreed power curves and time periods. In the coordinated transactions between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market, there is a capacity coupling between the electric energy market and the ancillary service market, and they remain synchronized in the time dimension. The integration method of the two markets is closely related to their clearing mechanism.

8. According to the multi-market multi-subject trading mechanism of park source, grid, load and storage in claim 1, it is characterized by: In S3, through the medium- and long-term market transactions, the electricity price and part of the transaction electricity are locked in advance, including: S311. The transaction method is to conduct medium- and long-term market transactions with annual bilateral negotiated transactions as the object; S312. The park's new energy operators make quotation decisions based on their own power supply capabilities and expected revenue values, and the load aggregators determine reasonable bilateral electricity price contracts with the new energy operators based on their quotation decisions; S313. Before conducting market transactions, new energy operators need to fully consider the output of wind power and photovoltaic power as well as the internal load characteristics, determine their own trading capabilities, and then determine the contractual electricity volume of the transaction between the two parties.

9. The multi-party trading mechanism for park power grid, load and storage in a diversified market according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the spot market transaction includes the day-ahead market and the real-time market; The day-ahead market transaction process is as follows: S3211. Day-ahead information submission: Load aggregators and energy operators are responsible for determining and reporting their own forecasts of energy demand and the boundary conditions for the units to participate in operation; S3212, day-ahead information release: the grid operator releases the day-ahead electricity demand curve to all energy demand parties through the trading system before participating in the bidding; S3213. Report bidding information. Energy operators report bidding price curves based on energy forecast information. S3214, day-ahead market clearing: during the bidding process, the grid operator calculates the day-ahead market transaction clearing results based on relevant information; S3215, the day-ahead power transaction is released, the bidding process ends and the power clearing results and power price information of the day-ahead market are announced; The real-time market transaction process is as follows: S3221, real-time information submission, load aggregators report real-time energy load information based on the day-ahead-day electricity clearing situation; S3222, real-time energy dispatching: energy storage operators and load aggregators adjust the energy dispatching strategies of the park's source, grid, load and storage entities in real time based on the deviation of actual demand from the day before and within the day and the real-time energy purchase cost from the day before and within the day; S3223, real-time energy settlement, grid operators use the one-price method to settle energy imbalances according to the day-ahead and intraday clearing prices, and collect adjustment fees through a deviation penalty mechanism; S3224, actual transaction release, the grid operator determines the actual demand strategy of each operator in the park and announces the market transaction results.

10. The multi-party trading mechanism for park power grid, load and storage in a diversified market according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, the ancillary service market transactions include peak load ancillary service market, frequency regulation ancillary service market, reactive power balance ancillary service market and accident handling ancillary services; The transaction process of the peak load ancillary service market is as follows: S3311. Market composition: The peak-shaving market includes three types of transactions: day-ahead, intraday and real-time peak-shaving transactions. The dispatching agency issues peak-shaving instructions for the next 24 hours, the next 3rd and 4th hours, and the next 15 minutes respectively. S3312, Market access: The aggregate capacity of each entity must reach the minimum threshold and be able to collect electricity consumption information and access the grid operation and monitoring platform and dispatching control platform; S3313, price clearing: the dispatching agency releases the day-ahead power generation plan and arranges energy storage operators and load aggregators to provide peak load shaving services during the period with the highest clearing price; S3314, Settlement: The dispatching agency shall settle the peak load adjustment fee on a monthly basis according to the actual execution volume and the quotation; The transaction process of the frequency regulation auxiliary service market is as follows: S3321. Market composition: All entities in the park participate in the frequency modulation auxiliary service market through weekly quotation, day-ahead pre-clearance and intraday call trading; S3322, Market access: Grid operators with AGC regulation capabilities, energy storage operators with a single-station charging and discharging power of more than 5MW, a total charging and discharging capacity of more than 10MW, and a duration of more than 2 hours; S3323, quotation clearing: the grid operator determines the reporting unit based on the grid access situation; S3324. Settlement: The compensation paid by the grid operator for participating in the frequency regulation service consists of two parts: Base compensation and call compensation; In the reactive power balance auxiliary service market transactions, new energy operators and energy storage operators are compensated according to the reactive power generated more than the lagging power factor of 0.95, the reactive power absorbed more than the leading power factor of 0.95, and the reactive power generated during phase adjustment operation; The accident handling auxiliary services include black start, machine shedding and load shedding.

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