Sidelink synchronization signal block for coverage enhancement in unlicensed spectrum

Abstract

Systems and techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. For example, a first network device for wireless communication can include: at least one memory, the at least one memory including instructions; and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processor can be configured to generate a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and transmitting the generated S-SSB to the second network device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications. For example, aspects of the present disclosure relate to systems and techniques for sidelink synchronization signal blocks (S-SSBs) for coverage enhancement in unlicensed spectrum (eg, shared spectrum). Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication and data services including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Broadband wireless communication systems have evolved over several generations, including first generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), second generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including transitional 2.5G networks), third generation (3G) high-speed data wireless devices with Internet capabilities, and fourth generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), WiMax). Examples of wireless communication systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, global system for mobile communications (GSM) systems, and the like. Other wireless communication technologies include 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and the like.

[0003] The fifth generation (5G) mobile standard calls for higher data transfer speeds, a greater number of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard (also known as "new radio" or "NR") is designed to provide data rates of tens of megabits per second to each of tens of thousands of users and 1 gigabit per second to dozens of employees on an office floor. To support large sensor deployments, hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported.

[0004] Despite the tremendous technological advances in wireless communication systems over the years, challenges remain. For example, given a wireless node available for access to a wireless network, a complex and dynamic environment can still attenuate or block the signal between a wireless transmitter and a wireless receiver, thereby destroying the throughput that a wireless device can achieve to a particular wireless network. Therefore, the ability of a wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), to select from multiple wireless networks, such as from 5G and another wireless network, or from multiple 5G networks, should be enhanced. Summary of the invention

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should neither be considered as an exhaustive overview related to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all conceived aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary of the invention presents certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form before the detailed embodiments presented below.

[0006] Disclosed are systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media for performing wireless communications. In an illustrative example, a first network device for wireless communications is provided. The first network device includes: at least one memory, the at least one memory including instructions; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processor is configured to: generate a side link synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB including at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and send the generated S-SSB to a second network device.

[0007] In another example, a first network device for wireless communication is provided. The first network device includes: at least one memory, the at least one memory including instructions; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is configured to: receive a side link synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB including at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and decode at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0008] As another example, a method for wireless communication is provided, the method comprising: generating a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and sending the generated S-SSB to a second network device.

[0009] In another example, a method for wireless communication is provided, the method comprising: receiving a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and decoding at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0010] As another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided having instructions stored thereon, which instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: generate a side link synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and send the generated S-SSB to a second network device.

[0011] In another example, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon is provided, which instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive a side link synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB comprising at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and decode at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0012] As another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising: a component for generating a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and a component for sending the generated S-SSB to a second network device.

[0013] As another example, an apparatus for wireless communication is provided, the apparatus comprising: a component for receiving a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and a component for decoding at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0014] Aspects generally include methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication devices and / or processing systems as fully described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings and description.

[0015] The features and technical advantages of examples according to the present disclosure have been outlined quite broadly above so that the following specific embodiments may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples may be easily used as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both in terms of their organization and method of operation, and the associated advantages will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of the figures in the accompanying drawings is provided for the purpose of illustration and description and not as a definition of limitations to the claims.

[0016] Although various aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustrating some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that such aspects can be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. The technology described herein can be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects can be implemented via integrated chip implementations or other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment, and / or artificial intelligence devices). Various aspects can be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components and / or system-level components. The equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the various aspects claimed and described. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders and / or summers). In some aspects, one or more of the apparatus described herein may include, may be, or may be part of a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone or so-called "smart phone," a tablet computer, or other type of mobile device), a network-connected wearable device, an extended reality device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device), a personal computer, a laptop computer, a server computer (e.g., a video server or other server device), a television, a vehicle (or a computing device or system of a vehicle), a camera (e.g., a digital camera, an Internet Protocol (IP) camera, etc.), a multi-camera system, a robotic device or system, an aerial device or system, or other device. The various aspects described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0017] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Examples of various specific implementations are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network according to some examples;

[0020] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating a design of a base station and a user equipment (UE) device according to some examples, which enables sending and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station;

[0021] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station according to some examples;

[0022] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating components of user equipment according to some examples;

[0023] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D Various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communication network according to some examples are depicted;

[0024] Figure 6 An example of a wireless communication system supporting an S-SSB design for shared spectrum according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0025] Figure 7 An example S-SSB according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0026] Figure 8 An example enhanced S-SSB with multiple SPSS symbols according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0027] 9A to 9C An example of enhanced S-SSB with multiple SPSS symbols and multiple SSSS symbols according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0028] Fig.10 An example enhanced S-SSB with multiple SPSS symbols, multiple SSSS symbols, and extended PSBCH is illustrated in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;

[0029] Fig.11 An example of S-SSB multiplexed with PSCCH / PSSCH according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated;

[0030] Fig.12 illustrates an example of S-SSB with separate S-SSB AGC symbols multiplexed with PSCCH / PSSCH in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;

[0031] Fig.13 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0032] Fig.14 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process for wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0033] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a computing system according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Some aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure are provided below. Some of these aspects and embodiments can be applied independently, and some of them can be applied in combination, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. In the following description, specific details are set forth for explanation purposes in order to provide a thorough understanding of each embodiment of the application. However, it will be apparent that each embodiment can be put into practice without these specific details. Each drawing and description are not intended to be restrictive.

[0035] The following description only provides example embodiments and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the present disclosure. On the contrary, the following description of the exemplary embodiments will provide an enabling description for implementing the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the essence and scope of the present application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0036] As noted above, techniques and systems for coverage enhanced sidelink synchronization blocks (S-SSBs) are described herein. Sidelink connections facilitate enabling multiple UEs to discover each other and communicate without infrastructure support (e.g., from a base station such as a 3GPP gNodeB (gNB)). To help UEs discover each other, a first UE may send an S-SSB, which a second UE may detect and use to establish a connection with the first UE. The S-SSB may include a sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) and a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS), and in some cases may include other signals. The SPSS may be used to provide coarse timing and frequency information to assist in detecting the SSSS, which may provide a physical cell identifier (ID) for connecting to the first UE. In some cases, such as when the second UE is relatively far away or the relative motion between the first UE and the second UE is high, it may be difficult to detect the SPSS in the S-SSB. According to various aspects described herein, the S-SSB may be enhanced to make it easier to detect the SPSS. In one example, adding a second SPSS signal and / or a second SSSS may make it easier for another UE (such as a second UE) to detect and establish a sidelink connection.

[0037] Additional aspects of the disclosure are described in more detail below.

[0038] Wireless networks are deployed to provide various communication services, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. Wireless networks may support access links for communication between wireless devices. An access link may refer to any communication link between a client device (e.g., user equipment (UE), station (STA), or other client device) and a base station (e.g., gNB for 5G / NR, 3GPP eNodeB (eNB) for LTE, Wi-Fi access point (AP), or other base station) or a component of a decomposed base station (e.g., a central unit, a distributed unit, and / or a radio unit). In one example, the access link between the UE and the 3GPP gNB may be through the Uu interface. In some cases, the access link may support uplink signaling, downlink signaling, connection procedures, etc.

[0039] In some aspects, the wireless communication network may be implemented using one or more modulation schemes. For example, the wireless communication network may be implemented using a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme such as 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, etc.

[0040] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE) and "network entity" are not intended to be dedicated to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, and / or a tracking device, etc.), a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses, a wearable ring, and / or an extended reality (XR) device (such as a virtual reality (VR) headset, an augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or a mixed reality (MR) headset)), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), and / or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., for a user to communicate on a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can be stationary (e.g., at certain times) and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be interchangeably referred to as an "access terminal" or "AT," a "client device," a "wireless device," a "subscriber device," a "subscriber terminal," a "subscriber station," a "user terminal" or "UT," a "mobile device," a "mobile terminal," a "mobile station," or variations thereof. Generally speaking, a UE may communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE may connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11 communication standards, etc.), and the like.

[0041] The network entity may be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a disaggregated base station architecture, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. A base station (e.g., having a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) may operate in communication with a UE according to one of several RATs depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB (NB), an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) NodeB (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide edge node signaling functionality, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functionality. The communication link through which the UE can transmit signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can transmit signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, or a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to an uplink, a reverse or downlink, and / or a forward traffic channel.

[0042] The term "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having an aggregated / monolithic base station architecture or a decomposed base station architecture) may refer to a single physical transmit receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, these physical TRPs may be antenna arrays of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRPs may be a serving base station that receives measurement reports from a UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal (or "reference signal" for short) the UE is measuring. Because, as used herein, a TRP is the point through which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to the specific TRP of a base station.

[0043] In some specific implementations of supporting UE positioning, a network entity or base station may not support wireless access of the UE (e.g., may not support data, voice and / or signaling connections with respect to the UE), but may instead send a reference signal to be measured by the UE to the UE, and / or may receive and measure a signal sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of sending a signal to the UE) and / or as a position measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring a signal from the UE).

[0044] RF signals include electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal" where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0045] Various aspects of the systems and techniques described herein are discussed below with respect to the accompanying drawings. According to various aspects, Figure 1An example of a wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. In some aspects, the base station 102 may also be referred to as a "network entity" or a "network node". One or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the base stations 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. The base station 102 may include a macro cell base station (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell base station (a low-power cellular base station). In one aspect, the macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a long-term evolution (LTE) network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include a femto cell, a pico cell, a micro cell, etc.

[0046] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and interface to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170) through the core network 170. The base stations 102 may perform functions related to one or more of the following, among other functions: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC or 5GC) through a backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0047] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each of base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a certain frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.), and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) or other protocol types) that can provide access to different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term "cell" can refer to either or both of a logical communication entity and a base station supporting the logical communication entity depending on the context. In addition, since a TRP is typically a physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to a geographic coverage area (eg, a sector) of a base station, as long as a carrier frequency can be detected within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110 and is used for communications within that portion.

[0048] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover area), some areas of the geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with the larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0049] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be over one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0050] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN AP 150 in communication with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 gigahertz (GHz)). When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or a listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure before communicating to determine whether a channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a device (e.g., UE, etc.) that communicates with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc. using an ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum may range from 3.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.

[0051] The small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' can adopt LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' adopting LTE and / or 5G in the unlicensed spectrum can boost the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, License Assisted Access (LAA) or MulteFire.

[0052] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180, which may operate at mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of CU, DU, RU, near RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. The radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW may extend downward to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW and / or near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and relatively short distances. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distance. In addition, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near-mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0053] In some aspects related to 5G, the spectrum in which a wireless network node or entity (e.g., base station 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operates is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 megahertz (MHz) to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In a multi-carrier system such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as a "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common control channels as well as UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, since the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are typically UE-specific, those signaling information and signals specific to the UE may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. This also holds true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency and / or component carrier through which some base stations are communicating, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0054] For example, still refer to Figure 1, one of the frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). In carrier aggregation, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may use spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz) per carrier, with up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) in each direction for transmission. The component carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink). The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained with a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0055] In order to operate on multiple carrier frequencies, the base station 102 and / or the UE 104 may be equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, the UE 104 may have two receivers, namely "receiver 1" and "receiver 2", where "receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band (i.e., carrier frequency) "X" or band "Y", and "receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned to only band "Z". In this example, if the UE 104 is being served in band "X", the band "X" will be referred to as the PCell or active carrier frequency, and "receiver 1" will need to tune from band "X" to band "Y" (SCell) to measure band "Y" (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether the UE 104 is being served in band "X" or band "Y", due to the separate "receiver 2", the UE 104 can measure band "Z" without interrupting the service on band "X" or band "Y".

[0056] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with the macrocell base station 102 over the communication link 120 and / or communicate with the mmW base station 180 over the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macrocell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0057] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “side links”). Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through the D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through the D2D P2P link). In an example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any well-known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), etc.) to support.

[0058] Figure 2 A block diagram of a design of a base station 102 and a UE 104 is shown that enables sending and processing of signals exchanged between the UE and the base station according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Design 200 includes components of the base station 102 and the UE 104, which may be Figure 1 1. A base station in base station 102 and a UE in UE 104. Base station 102 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t, and UE 104 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T≥1 and R≥1.

[0059] At the base station 102, the transmit processor 220 may receive data for one or more UEs from the data source 212, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on a channel quality indicator (CQI) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. The transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI), etc.) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc.), and provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signals (PSS) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS)). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, and / or reference symbols where applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MOD) 232a to 232t. The modulators 232a to 232t are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMOD). In some cases, the modulator and demodulator may be separate components. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modulator in the modulators 232a to 232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. The T downlink signals may be sent from the modulators 232a to 232t via T antennas 234a to 234t, respectively. According to certain aspects described in greater detail below, position encoding may be utilized to generate a synchronization signal to convey additional information.

[0060] At UE 104, antennas 252a to 252r may receive downlink signals from base station 102 and / or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMOD) 254a to 254r, respectively. Demodulators 254a to 254r are shown as combined modulator-demodulators (MOD-DEMOD). In some cases, modulators and demodulators may be separate components. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) received signals to obtain input samples. Each demodulator in demodulators 254a to 254r may further process input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a to 254r, perform MIMO detection on these received symbols where applicable, and provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller / processor 280. The channel processor may determine a reference signal received power (RSRP), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a channel quality indicator (CQI), etc.

[0061] On the uplink, at the UE 104, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.) from a controller / processor 280. The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals (e.g., based at least in part on a beta value or set of beta values ​​associated with the one or more reference signals). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by the modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 102. At the base station 102, uplink signals from the UE 104 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234a to 234t, processed by demodulators 232a to 232t, detected by a MIMO detector 236 where applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by the UE 104. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to a controller (processor) 240. The base station 102 may include a communication unit 244 and communicate with the network controller 231 via the communication unit 244. The network controller 231 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292.

[0062] In some aspects, one or more components of the UE 104 may be included in a housing. The controller 240 of the base station 102, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 104, and / or Figure 2 Any other component of may perform one or more techniques associated with implicit UCI β value determination for NR.

[0063] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 102 and UE 104, respectively. A scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink.

[0064] In some aspects, the deployment of a communication system such as a 5G New Radio (NR) system can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS)) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functions can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0065] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0066] Base station type operations or network designs may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configurations such as those initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Individual units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0067] Figure 3 A diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 300 architecture is shown. The decomposed base station 300 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 325 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both. The CU 310 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 330 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 330 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 340 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 340 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0068] Each of the units (e.g., CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive a signal or send a signal to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) configured to receive a signal or send a signal to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium, or both.

[0069] In some aspects, CU 310 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 310. CU310 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface such as an E1 interface. As needed, CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0070] The DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) depending at least in part on a functional split, such as that defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0071] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 340. In some deployments, a RU 340 controlled by a DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 340 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0072] The SMO framework 305 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 310, DU 330, RU 340, and near-RT RIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 340 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 may also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305 .

[0073] The non-RT RIC 315 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 325.

[0074] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 305 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0075] Figure 4 An example of a computing system 470 of a wireless device 407 is illustrated. The wireless device 407 may include a client device such as a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 152, UE 190) or other type of device that can be used by an end user (e.g., a station (STA) configured to communicate using a Wi-Fi interface). For example, the wireless device 407 may include a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a tracking device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an extended reality (XR) device (such as a virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) or mixed reality (MR) device), etc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an access point, and / or another device configured to communicate via a wireless communication network. The computing system 470 includes software and hardware components that can be electrically coupled or communicatively coupled via a bus 489 (or can communicate in other ways, as the case may be). For example, the computing system 470 includes one or more processors 484. One or more processors 484 may include one or more CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, APs, GPUs, VPUs, NSPs, microcontrollers, dedicated hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices or systems. One or more processors 484 may use a bus 489 to communicate between cores and / or with one or more memory devices 486.

[0076] The computing system 470 may also include one or more memory devices 486, one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) 482, one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) 474, one or more modems 476, one or more wireless transceivers 478, one or more antennas 487, one or more input devices 472 (e.g., a camera, a mouse, a keyboard, a touch-sensitive screen, a touchpad, a keypad, a microphone, etc.), and one or more output devices 480 (e.g., a display, a speaker, a printer, etc.).

[0077] In some aspects, the computing system 470 may include one or more RF interfaces configured to send and / or receive radio frequency (RF) signals. In some examples, the RF interface may include components such as a modem 476, a wireless transceiver 478, and / or an antenna 487. One or more wireless transceivers 478 may send and receive wireless signals (e.g., signals 488) from one or more other devices via antenna 487, such as other wireless devices, network devices (e.g., base stations such as eNBs and / or gNBs, Wi-Fi access points (APs) such as routers, range extenders, etc.), cloud networks, etc. In some examples, the computing system 470 may include multiple antennas or antenna arrays that can facilitate simultaneous transmission and reception functionality. Antenna 487 may be an omnidirectional antenna so that radio frequency (RF) signals can be received from all directions and transmitted in all directions. Wireless signals 488 may be sent via a wireless network. The wireless network may be any wireless network, such as a cellular or telecommunications network (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.), a wireless local area network (e.g., a WiFi network), a Bluetooth™ network, and / or other networks.

[0078] In some examples, wireless signals 488 may be transmitted directly to other wireless devices using sidelink communications (e.g., using a PC5 interface, using a DSRC interface, etc.). Wireless transceiver 478 may be configured to transmit RF signals via antenna 487 for performing sidelink communications according to one or more transmit power parameters that may be associated with one or more regulatory modes. Wireless transceiver 478 may also be configured to receive sidelink communication signals having different signal parameters from other wireless devices.

[0079] In some examples, one or more wireless transceivers 478 may include an RF front end that includes one or more components such as an amplifier, a mixer for down-converting a signal (also referred to as a signal multiplier), a frequency synthesizer (also referred to as an oscillator) that provides a signal to the mixer, a baseband filter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), one or more power amplifiers, and other components. The RF front end may generally handle the selection of wireless signals 488 and the conversion of wireless signals to baseband frequencies or intermediate frequencies, and may convert RF signals to the digital domain.

[0080] In some cases, computing system 470 may include a coding-decoding device (or CODEC) configured to encode and / or decode data transmitted and / or received using one or more wireless transceivers 478. In some cases, computing system 470 may include an encryption-decryption device or component configured to encrypt and / or decrypt data transmitted and / or received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 (e.g., according to the AES and / or DES standards).

[0081] One or more SIMs 474 may each securely store an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and associated keys assigned to a user of the wireless device 407. The IMSI and keys may be used to identify and authenticate a subscriber when accessing a network provided by a network service provider or operator associated with the one or more SIMs 474. One or more modems 476 may modulate one or more signals to encode information for transmission using one or more wireless transceivers 478. One or more modems 476 may also demodulate signals received by one or more wireless transceivers 478 in order to decode the transmitted information. In some examples, one or more modems 476 may include a Wi-Fi modem, a 4G (or LTE) modem, a 5G (or NR) modem, and / or other types of modems. One or more modems 476 and one or more wireless transceivers 478 may be used to communicate data of one or more SIMs 474.

[0082] The computing system 470 may also include (and / or be in communication with) one or more non-transitory machine-readable storage media or storage devices (e.g., one or more memory devices 486), which may include, but are not limited to, local and / or network accessible storage, disk drives, drive arrays, optical storage devices, solid-state storage devices such as RAM and / or ROM, which may be programmable, flash-updatable, etc. Such storage devices may be configured to implement any suitable data storage, including, but not limited to, various file systems, database structures, etc.

[0083] In various embodiments, the functionality may be stored as one or more computer program products (e.g., instructions or code) in the memory device 486 and executed by the one or more processors 484 and / or the one or more DSPs 482. The computing system 470 may also include software elements (e.g., located within the one or more memory devices 486) including, for example, an operating system, device drivers, executable libraries, and / or other code, such as one or more applications, which may include computer programs that implement the functionality provided by the various embodiments and / or may be designed to implement methods and / or configure systems, as described herein.

[0084] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D Described is a method for use in a wireless communication system such as Figure 1 Various example aspects of data structures of the wireless communication system 100). FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D Describes a method for use in a wireless communication network such as Figure 1 In particular, Figure 5Ais a diagram 500 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, Figure 5B is a diagram 530 illustrating an example of a DL channel within a 5G subframe, Figure 5C is a diagram 550 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and Figure 5D FIG580 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.

[0085] In various aspects, the 5G frame structure can be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to DL or UL. The 5G frame structure can also be time division duplex (TDD), where for a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 5A and Figure 5C In the example provided, it is assumed that the 5G frame structure is TDD, subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and X is used flexibly between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (mostly UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 34 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format through the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G frame structure for TDD.

[0086] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a mini-time slot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. In some examples, each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot configuration.

[0087] For example, for slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, while for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on the DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on the UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also known as single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single stream transmission).

[0088] The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0, different numerologies (μ) 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Thus, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ × 15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 5. Thus, parameter set μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, and parameter set μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 5A to FIG. 5D An example is provided for slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.

[0089] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a number of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0090] like Figure 5A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for UEs (e.g., UE 104, UE 152, UE 190). The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (denoted as Rx for a particular configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0091] Figure 5B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated.The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising nine RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.

[0092] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. A UE (eg, UE 104, UE 152, UE 190) uses the PSS to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification.

[0093] A Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.

[0094] Based on the physical layer identifier and the physical layer cell identifier group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as system information blocks (SIBs)) that is not sent through the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0095] like Figure 5C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the comb structures in the comb structure. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0096] Figure 5D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0097] Generally speaking, different service providers operate different wireless networks. In some cases, a single service provider may also operate multiple wireless networks, where these wireless networks use different radio access technologies (RATs), such as LTE, 5G NR, Wi-Fi, etc. In some cases, a wireless device that is not connected to one or more wireless networks may be in idle mode. In an idle state, the wireless device is not registered (e.g., authenticated / associated) with one or more wireless networks of a service provider (e.g., a wireless network operator). Examples of idle modes include when the device is in an RRC_Idle state relative to a wireless network, when the device is not authenticated and / or is not associated with an AP, etc. In the case where the wireless device is able to maintain multiple wireless connections with multiple wireless networks, the wireless device may be in an idle mode relative to a first wireless network and in another state, such as a connected state, relative to a second wireless network. For example, a wireless device with a dual subscriber identity module (SIM) may be connected to a first wireless network (e.g., in a connected mode (such as RRC_Connected)) via a first SIM, and in an idle mode relative to a second SIM. Similarly, another wireless device may be connected to a cellular wireless network when it is in an idle state relative to a Wi-Fi network. In some cases, a wireless device in idle mode (e.g., idle state) may monitor the wireless medium for broadcast and paging messages from a wireless network (e.g., on PBCH and on PDSCH for PSS / SSS, etc.). Generally, a wireless device in idle mode may only send a limited set of messages to a wireless network to which the wireless device is not yet connected, such as a connection message to establish a connection.

[0098] In idle mode, the wireless device may be able to make limited measurements of signals received from the wireless network, but the wireless device may not be able to exchange messages with the wireless network to help perform more detailed signal measurements. In some cases, these measurements are physical (PHY) layer measurements that are performed without access to higher layer operations. For example, the wireless device PHY layer may be able to make measurements of reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indication (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Doppler spread, delay spread, etc. on a beacon or other reference signal, but may not make measurements that require feedback to / from the wireless network or other collaboration with the wireless network.

[0099] In many cases, a wireless device can accurately project the throughput available when connected to a wireless network through a specific access cell via channel state information (CSI) (such as CQI feedback, DCI information, etc.). However, this CSI information is typically only available when in a connected mode that the wireless network is aware of and signals to the wireless device. A wireless device in idle mode is typically limited to measuring reference signals (such as synchronization signal block (SSB) broadcasts) from the wireless network when in idle mode, and the wireless device may not be able to accurately assess the possible throughput of the wireless network. Although a wireless device may be able to measure the RSSP / RSSI / SNR of a reference signal transmitted by a wireless network, a measurement of how strong the received signal is may not necessarily reflect the possible throughput on the wireless network. For example, a wireless network with a 20MHz channel width and a strong signal (e.g., as measured by RSSP / RSSI / SNR) may still deliver less throughput than another wireless network with an 80MHz channel width and a relatively weak signal (e.g., as measured by RSSP / RSSI / SNR). Additionally, without establishing a connection with a wireless network through a cell, the wireless device may not be able to determine how the wireless connection (e.g., cell) is configured (e.g., available channel width, number of component carriers, QAM configuration, etc.). This possible throughput information may be useful to the wireless device when deciding, for example, whether to switch and / or connect to another wireless network. According to aspects of the present disclosure, techniques for idle mode throughput estimation may be provided that use PHY layer measurements to help estimate the amount of throughput that can be obtained from various wireless networks.

[0100] Figure 6 An example of a wireless communication system 600 supporting an S-SSB design for shared spectrum according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the wireless communication system 600 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 600 may include a UE 602 and a UE 604 communicating via a side link connection 606, which may correspond to the reference UE 602 and the reference UE 604. Figure 1 UE 190 and UE 104 and link 192 are described. The wireless communication system 600 may support the use of an S-SSB waveform that may be multiplexed with a combined physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) and physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) (PSCCH / PSSCH) signal in the same subchannel (e.g., a 20 MHz subchannel) in a time slot, and the S-SSB waveform may avoid impact on PSCCH decoding while also avoiding resources configured for DMRS and SCI (e.g., SCI-2). In some cases, the S-SSB and PSCCH resources may be included in a single subchannel (such as a 20 MHz subchannel).

[0101] The wireless communication system 600 may be an example of a 5G NR system, and may support wireless devices to establish access links (e.g., Uu interfaces) and / or side links (e.g., PC5 interfaces). For example, a UE 602 may establish an access link with a network entity (not shown) and a side link (e.g., a side link communication link) with another UE 604. In some cases, a UE 602 may establish an access link with a network entity (not shown), and may establish a side link connection 606 with another UE 604 operating as a relay (e.g., having an access link with the same or different network entity), so that the UE 602 may communicate with the network via the access link or the side link or both. In some cases, the side link connection 606 may be used to extend the coverage area. For example, a UE 602 may establish a side link with another UE 604 (e.g., a relay UE), which has an access link with a network entity (not shown) outside of its coverage area of ​​the UE 602. Sidelink communication may be referred to as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, D2D communication, or other terminology.

[0102] The wireless communication system 600 may include a side link connection 606 (eg, as described in reference Figure 1 192 described above). UE 602 may send information to UE 604 via sidelink connection 606, and UE 604 may similarly send information to UE 602 via the sidelink connection. For example, UE 602 may send PSSCH transmission 610 to UE 604. In some cases, UE 602 may use time-frequency resources that may not be synchronized with the operation of UE 604 for transmission. For example, UE 602 may use the first time slot to send PSSCH transmission 610, and UE 604 may not be aware of the time slot boundary to be used to receive PSSCH transmission 610. In this way, UE 602 may (e.g., periodically) send one or more S-SSBs 608, which may facilitate synchronization of communications between multiple UEs. UE 604 may receive S-SSB 608 and perform one or more operations to synchronize time-frequency resources with UE 602. In some cases, S-SSB 608 may include PSS and SSS. A UE, such as UE 602 and / or UE 604, may use multicast, groupcast, or broadcast signaling to send S-SSB 608. Additionally, additional UEs may use S-SSB 608 to discover the UE that sent S-SSB 608 (eg, UE 602).

[0103] The wireless communication system 600 may support sidelink communications in shared radio frequency spectrum bands (e.g., unlicensed radio frequency spectrum bands) that may not be reserved, allocated, or licensed for a particular use case or a particular RAT. For example, UE 602 may send a PSSCH transmission 610 to UE 604 using one or more unlicensed radio frequency bands. UE 602 may perform one or more channel access procedures to gain access to one or more unlicensed bands. For example, UE 602 may communicate using time-frequency resources after gaining access to a channel using one or more channel access techniques (e.g., listen before talk (LBT)) to reserve resources for sending signals. After gaining access to the shared spectrum, UE 602 may send signaling using multiple symbol periods (e.g., OFDM symbol periods) within a time slot, which may be an example of a transmit time interval (TTI).

[0104] The shared spectrum may be associated with one or more conditions for spectrum use. In some cases, the conditions for shared spectrum use may be associated with the OCB. The OCB may be defined as a bandwidth that includes a portion (e.g., 99%) of the total signal power. For example, the UE 602 may transmit a signal using a nominal bandwidth. However, a signal (e.g., a measured signal) may occupy a portion of the nominal bandwidth (e.g., due to variations in signal power). In some cases, the OCB may be less than the nominal bandwidth.

[0105] Conditions for shared spectrum use may include thresholds associated with OCB. For example, a wireless communication standard may specify a threshold percentage of the total signal power of a corresponding channel, which may be referred to herein as a "threshold OCB" or "OCB threshold." In some other cases, the wireless communication standard may specify a threshold percentage of the total signal power, a threshold bandwidth, or both. The wireless communication system 300 may support one or more OCB thresholds for shared spectrum communications to reduce the percentage of signal bandwidth outside of the bandwidth allocated for communications between UEs (e.g., to reduce interference and achieve fairness to other transmitting devices in the system). The OCB threshold may be expressed as a minimum percentage of the nominal channel bandwidth that will be occupied. For example, a wireless communication standard may specify that the OCB is greater than 80% of the corresponding nominal channel bandwidth.

[0106] In some cases, transmissions may be multiplexed to increase OCB. For example, for non-sidelink transmissions, SSBs may be multiplexed in the downlink with one or more other transmissions, such as channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) transmissions, remaining minimum system information (RMSI) transmissions, physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions, and other transmission types (e.g., non-unicast transmissions). However, in some cases, a UE (such as UE 602 and / or UE 604) may not be able to meet a minimum OCB threshold, such as for some transmissions of S-SSB. For example, UE 602 may not be able to send an S-SSB to UE 604 when the OCB threshold is met.

[0107] In some cases, the UE 602 may use some techniques for transmitting the S-SSB according to the configuration of the S-SSB so that the S-SSB occupies the full time slot. Here, the UE 602 may not multiplex the S-SSB with other transmissions because the S-SSB structure (e.g., waveform) may not match the resource pool structure associated with other transmission types (e.g., the resource pool structure for PSCCH and PSSCH transmissions). In addition, the S-SSB may be incompatible with one or more resource configurations (e.g., subchannel-based resource pool configurations). For example, the resource pool for the S-SSB may not overlap with the resource pool for other transmissions. Therefore, the UE 602 may not be able to transmit the S-SSB while meeting the OCB threshold. As an illustrative example, the UE 602 may use a time slot (e.g., 14 symbols including gap symbols) to transmit the S-SSB, where the S-SSB may occupy 11 resource blocks RB of the BWP. However, the time slot for the S-SSB may not be used for other message types, such as PSSCH transmission 610. When no other signals are transmitted along with the S-SSB in a time slot, the OCB threshold may not be met, and some S-SSB transmissions may therefore not occupy more than 80% of the corresponding nominal channel bandwidth.

[0108] According to the techniques described herein, a UE 602 may transmit one or more S-SSBs 608 that may be multiplexed with a PSCCH / PSSCH in the same subchannel (20 MHz subchannel) in a TTI (e.g., a time slot). For example, the UE 602 may transmit one or more S-SSBs 608 using a portion of a time slot and avoiding the use of time-frequency resources for other transmission types (such as PSCCH transmissions, automatic gain (AGC) control symbols, DMRS transmissions, and other transmission types for those S-SSB 608 portions in the time slot). For example, the PSCCH / PSSCH may include an AGC in the first symbol of the PSCCH / PSSCH portion of the time slot, and the S-SSB 608 portion of the time slot will not require a separate AGC symbol. The UE 602 may transmit the S-SSB 608 using a plurality of symbol periods after the first number of symbol periods of the time slot. In other words, the symbol period used for the S-SSB transmission may be different from the initial symbol of the time slot. In some cases, the UE 602 may transmit one or more S-SSBs using a waveform configuration that may enable the UE 602 to multiplex (e.g., FDM or TDM) the S-SSBs with other transmissions (e.g., PSSCH transmissions). Thus, the UE 602 may configure one or more waveform parameters for the S-SSBs to increase the OCB and meet the OCB threshold.

[0109] Figure 7 An example S-SSB 700 according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the S-SSB 700 may be multiplexed with data, such as on the same subchannel as the PSCCH / PSSCH. In other cases, the S-SSB 700 may be broadcast as an independent transmission. In some cases, for example, if one S-SSB 700 is not sufficient to fill a time slot, multiple copies of the S-SSB 700 may be broadcast in a time slot. The S-SSB 700 may be implemented, for example, by a wireless communication system such as the wireless communication system 600 and / or the wireless communication system 100.

[0110] Multiple signals may constitute S-SSB 700. For example, S-SSB may include sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) 702, sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) 704, and / or physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) 706. In some cases, S-SSB 700 may occupy a single subchannel. Figure 7As shown in the example of , the S-SSB 700 occupies a single 20RB subchannel. SPSS 702 can achieve synchronization of time slot timing and can indicate a physical layer identifier associated with the first side link UE that sends the S-SSB 700. SSSS 704 can achieve radio frame synchronization. SSSS 704 can also enable detection of duplex mode and cyclic prefix length. In some cases, the first side link UE can use multiple beams in a beam scanning manner to send S-SSB 700. In some examples, the S-SSB 700 can be sent on a corresponding directional beam, where one or more SSBs can be included in the burst.

[0111] In some cases, when the S-SSB 700 is transmitted as a standalone transmission (e.g., not multiplexed with the PSCCH / PSSCH), the AGC symbol 710 may be located in a preamble symbol of the S-SSB 700. The preamble symbol of the S-SSB 700 may be the first symbol of the S-SSB 700 to be transmitted. The AGC symbol 710 may be received by the second sidelink UE and used to set a receiver of the second sidelink UE (such as Figure 4 The amplifier gain of the transceiver 478 of the S-SSB 700 is set. Using the AGC symbol 710 in the leading symbol of the S-SSB 700 to set the gain of the receiver of the second side link UE can enable the second side link UE to properly decode the SPSS 702, SSSS 704 and / or PSBCH 706 received in the subsequent symbols. In some examples, the content of the AGC symbol 710 can match the content of the PSBCH 706 symbol of the S-SSB 700. Therefore, the leading symbol of the S-SSB 700 used as the AGC symbol 710 for the second side link UE can be the same as one of the PSBCH 706 symbols of the S-SSB 700. The AGC symbol 710 can match any of the PSBCH 706 symbols of the S-SSB 700.

[0112] In some aspects, the first sidelink UE may perform one or more rate matching operations associated with the S-SSB 700. For example, the first sidelink UE may rate match the PSBCH 706 resources around the AGC symbol 710 resources. In some cases, the first sidelink UE may rate match the PSBCH 706 resources around the AGC symbol 710 resources in order to meet an occupied channel bandwidth (OCB) threshold (e.g., an 80% OCB threshold).

[0113] like Figure 7As shown, the example S-SSB 700 may be five symbols 712 long. In some cases, such as for V2X use cases, the S-SSB may have two SPSS 702 and / or two SSSS 704 symbols. To help accommodate such cases, the S-SSB 700 may be enhanced to accommodate multiple SPSS 702 and / or multiple SSSS 704 symbols.

[0114] Figure 8 An example enhanced S-SSB 800 having a plurality of SPSS symbols 802 according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The enhanced S-SSB 800 may be implemented, for example, by a wireless communication system such as the wireless communication system 600 and / or the wireless communication system 100. Figure 8 As shown, the enhanced S-SSB 800 may include PSBCH 806, SSSS 804, AGC 810, and SPSS 802 symbols. As with the S-SSB 700, the SSS 804 may be multiplexed with the PSBCH 806. In some cases, the enhanced S-SSB 800 may include two SPSS 802 symbols after the AGC 810 symbol. To allow for two SPSS 802 symbols, the enhanced S-SSB 800 may be extended to six symbols 812 long. The second SPSS 802 symbol provides an additional SPSS 802 symbol that may enhance the timing and frequency acquisition of the first UE (e.g., the UE sending the enhanced S-SSB 800) by the second UE. The second SPSS 802 symbol may be particularly helpful for the second UE to receive the SPSS 802 when the second UE is further away from the first UE. Acquisition of the SPSS 802 helps provide coarse timing and frequency information that can make detection of the SSSS 804 substantially easier. In some cases, two SPSS 802 symbols may not be FDMed together. That is, the first SPSS 802 symbol may not be FDMed with additional SPSS 802 symbols, and the first SPSS 802 symbol is separated from the additional SPSS 802 symbols in the time domain. Separating the SPSS 802 symbols in the time domain can help allow for a lower cost implementation by helping to avoid, for example, listening to the PSS over a larger bandwidth.

[0115] 9A to 9C An example of enhanced S-SSB with multiple SPSS symbols and multiple SSSS symbols according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. 9A to 9C Any of the S-SSBs illustrated in FIG. 1 may be implemented, for example, by a wireless communication system (such as the wireless communication system 600 and / or the wireless communication system 100). Fig.9A, the enhanced S-SSB 900 may be six symbols 912 long and include PSBCH 906, SSSS 904, AGC 910, and SPSS 902 symbols. Fig.9A As shown, the enhanced S-SSB 900 may include two SPSS 902 symbols and two SSSS 904 symbols. The two SPSS 90902 symbols may be multiplexed with the PSBCH 906. The two SPSS 902 symbols may be multiplexed with any of the PSBCH 906 symbols. For example, in Fig.9A In the embodiment, the SPSS 902 symbol is multiplexed in the PSBCH 906 symbol in symbols 3 and 4 of the enhanced S-SSB 900. Similarly, Fig. 9B As shown, the SPSS 902 symbols may be multiplexed in the PSBCH 906 symbols in symbols 4 and 5 of the enhanced S-SSB 920, or as shown Fig. 9C As shown, the SPSS 902 symbols may be multiplexed in the PSBCH 906 symbols in symbols 3 and 5 of the enhanced S-SSB 950.

[0116] Fig.10 An example enhanced S-SSB 1000 with multiple SPSS symbols, multiple SSSS symbols, and extended PSBCH in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The enhanced S-SSB 1000 may be implemented, for example, by a wireless communication system such as the wireless communication system 600 and / or the wireless communication system 100. In some cases, multiplexing two SPSS symbols with a PSBCH symbol may reduce the amount of available PSBCH resource elements (REs). To avoid impacting PSBCH performance, the number of PSBCH symbols may be extended, and the total number of symbols 1012 of the enhanced S-SSB 1000 may be seven symbols. Fig.10 As shown, the enhanced S-SSB 1000 may include an AGC 1010 symbol, two SPSS 1002 symbols, four PSBCH 1006 symbols, and two SSSS 1004 symbols, which may be multiplexed into any of the four PSBCH 1006 symbols.

[0117] As indicated above, enhanced S-SSBs may be multiplexed with PSCCH / PSSCH in the same subchannel in a time slot. In some cases, six or seven symbol long S-SSBs may limit the PSCCH / PSSCH symbols that may be multiplexed. In addition, DMRS symbols may be included with PSCCH / PSSCH, for example for channel estimation and Doppler compensation by a receiver. In some cases where six-symbol S-SSBs are multiplexed with PSCCH / PSSCH, the number of DMRS symbols may be limited to two symbols, the number of PSCCH symbols may be limited to two symbols, and the length of the PSSCH symbol (e.g., the number of symbols constituting a PSSCH resource) may be greater than ten. In some cases, DMRS may occupy symbol numbers 3 and 10 of PSCCH / PSSCH to provide sufficient gaps for multiplexing six-symbol S-SSBs. In some cases, if S-SSBs are included in a resource pool, multiplexing seven-symbol S-SSBs may not be preferred to avoid frequency domain rate matching treatment of DMRS around seven-symbol S-SSBs.

[0118] As indicated above, when an S-SSB (e.g., any of the 5, 6, or 7 symbol S-SSBs discussed above) is transmitted as a standalone transmission (e.g., not multiplexed with PSCCH / PSSCH), the S-SSB may include an AGC symbol as a leading symbol for the S-SSB. In some cases where the S-SSB is multiplexed with PSCCH / PSSCH, the S-SSB may not include an AGC symbol.

[0119] Fig.11An example of an S-SSB multiplexed with a PSCCH / PSSCH 1100 according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The S-SSB multiplexed with the PSCCH / PSSCH 1100 may be implemented, for example, by a wireless communication system (such as the wireless communication system 600 and / or the wireless communication system 100). In some cases, the PSCCH / PSSCH 1100 may include time / frequency resources for one or more transmission types. For example, the PSCCH / PSSCH 1100 may include time / frequency resources for the S-SSB 1102. The PSCCH / PSSCH 1100 may also include time / frequency resources for PSSCH resources 1104, PSCCH resources 1106, AGC symbols 1108, DMRS resources 1110, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the AGC symbol 1108 may be included as a preamble symbol of the PSCCH / PSSCH 1100, and the S-SSB 1102 may not include a separate AGC symbol. In some cases, S-SSB 1102 may be similar to any of S-SSB 700, 800, 900, 920, 950, or 1000, except that AGC symbols 710, 810, 910, or 1010, respectively, are absent. In the event that S-SSB 1102 does not include a separate AGC symbol, the receiving UE may perform training using AGC symbols 1108 of PSCCH / PSSCH 1100 to detect S-SSB 1102.

[0120] Fig.12An example of an S-SSB with a separate S-SSB AGC symbol 1212 multiplexed with a PSCCH / PSSCH 1200 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the AGC symbol 1208 for the PSCCH / PSSCH 1200 is not a good candidate for AGC training for detecting the S-SSB 1202. For example, the S-SSB 1202 may be a narrowband (e.g., less than 20 MHz) signal, while the PSCCH / PSSCH 1200 and the associated AGC symbol 1208 may be a wideband (e.g., greater than 20 MHz) signal. A narrowband receiver may have difficulty training using a wideband AGC to detect the S-SSB 1202. In some cases, the S-SSB AGC symbol 1212 may be included in the S-SSB 1202 multiplexed with the PSCCH / PSSCH 1200. The S-SSB AGC symbol 1212 may be specific to the S-SSB 1202 and may be included in the first symbol (e.g., the preamble symbol) of the S-SSB 1202. The separate S-SSB AGC symbol 1212 may help a receiver searching for the S-SSB 1202 to better set the AGC for detecting the S-SSB 1202. The separate S-SSB AGC symbol 1212 may also allow for power variation between the S-SSB 1202 and the rest of the PSCCH / PSSCH 1200.

[0121] Fig.13 1300 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1300 for wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1300 may be performed by a computing device (or apparatus) or a component of a computing device (e.g., a chipset, a codec, etc.). The computing device may be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a network-connected wearable device such as a watch, an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) device or an augmented reality (AR) device, a vehicle or a component or system of a vehicle, or other type of computing device. In some cases, the computing device may be or may include a UE device such as a Figure 1 UE 104 or UE 190. The operations of process 1300 may be implemented as software components executed and executed on one or more processors.

[0122] At box 1302, the computing device (or its component) may generate a side link synchronization block (S-SSB) including at least two side link primary synchronization signals (SPSS) symbols. In some cases, the computing device (or its component) may be configured to multiplex the S-SSB with at least one of the physical side link control channel (PSCCH) resources or the physical side link shared channel (PSSCH) resources; and in order to send the generated S-SSB, at least one processor is also configured to send the S-SSB multiplexed with at least one of the PSCCH resources or the PSSCH resources to the second network device. In some cases, the leading symbol of the multiplexed S-SSB includes an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol. In some cases, the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols. In some cases, the S-SSB has a length of six symbols. In some cases, at least one processor is also configured to: multiplex the first side link secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in the physical side link broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

[0123] In some cases, the computing device (or its components) may be configured to multiplex a second sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB, wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH. In some cases, the PSBCH has a length of three symbols. In some cases, the PSBCH has a length of four symbols. In some cases, the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

[0124] At block 1304, the computing device (or a component thereof) may transmit the generated S-SSB to a second network device. In some cases, the computing device (or a component thereof) may be implemented as a first user equipment (UE), and the computing device (or a component thereof) may include at least one transceiver configured to transmit the generated S-SSB. In some cases, the second network device includes a second UE.

[0125] Fig.14 1400 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1400 for wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1400 may be performed by a computing device (or apparatus) or a component of a computing device (e.g., a chipset, a codec, etc.). The computing device may be a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone), a network-connected wearable device such as a watch, an extended reality (XR) device such as a virtual reality (VR) device or an augmented reality (AR) device, a vehicle or a component or system of a vehicle, or other type of computing device. In some cases, the computing device may be or may include a UE device such as a Figure 1UE 104 or UE 190. The operations of process 1400 may be implemented as software components executed and executed on one or more processors.

[0126] At box 1402, the computing device (or its component) may receive a side link synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB including at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols. In some cases, the computing device (or its component) may detect a side link secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information; decode the SSSS to obtain a physical cell identifier of the second network device; and connect to the second network device based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information and the physical cell identifier. In some cases, the S-SSB is multiplexed with at least one of a physical side link control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical side link shared channel (PSSCH) resource. In some cases, the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols. In some cases, the leading symbol of the S-SSB includes an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol. In some cases, the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

[0127] In some cases, a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB. In some cases, a second SSSS is multiplexed in the PSBCH, and wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH. In some cases, the PSBCH has a length of four symbols. In some cases, the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

[0128] At block 1404 , the computing device (or a component thereof) may decode at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0129] In some examples, the processes described herein (e.g., processes 1300, 1400, and / or other processes described herein) may be performed by a computing device or apparatus (e.g., a UE or a base station). In another example, processes 1300 and 1400 may be performed by Figure 1 In another example, the process 1300 or 1400 may be performed by a UE 104 or UE 190 having Fig.15 The computing device of the computing system 1500 shown is executed.

[0130] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing certain aspects of the present technology. Specifically, Fig.15An example of a computing system 1500 is illustrated, which may be any computing device, for example, constituting an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any components thereof, wherein the components of the system communicate with each other using connection 1505. Connection 1505 may be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 1510, such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 1505 may also be a virtual connection, a networked connection, or a logical connection.

[0131] In some embodiments, computing system 1500 is a distributed system, where the functionality described in the present disclosure may be distributed within a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the described system components represent a number of such components that each perform some or all of the functionality for which the component is described. In some embodiments, a component may be a physical device or a virtual device.

[0132] The example system 1500 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1510 and connections 1505 that communicatively couple various system components including system memory 1515, such as read only memory (ROM) 1520 and random access memory (RAM) 1525, to the processor 1510. The computing system 1500 may include a cache 1512 of high-speed memory directly connected to the processor 1510, in close proximity to the processor, or integrated as part of the processor.

[0133] Processor 1510 may include any general purpose processor and hardware or software services such as services 1532, 1534, and 1536 stored in storage device 1530 configured to control processor 1510, as well as a dedicated processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1510 may essentially be a completely independent computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0134] To enable user interaction, computing system 1500 includes input device 1545, which may represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice, etc. Computing system 1500 may also include output device 1535, which may be one or more of a plurality of output mechanisms. In some cases, a multimodal system may enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with computing system 1500.

[0135] The computing system 1500 may include a communication interface 1540, which may generally govern and manage user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receiving and / or sending wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including utilizing an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a universal serial bus (USB) port / plug, an Apple™ Lightning™ port / plug, an Ethernet port / plug, a fiber optic port / plug, a dedicated wired port / plug, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signaling, Bluetooth™ wireless signaling, Bluetooth™ low energy (BLE) wireless signaling, IBEACON™ wireless signaling, radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless signaling, near field communication The communication interface 1540 may include one or more global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers or transceivers for determining the location of the computing system 1500 based on one or more signals received from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the Global Positioning System (GPS) of the United States, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) of Russia, the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) of China, and the Galileo GNSS of Europe. There is no restriction to operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and thus the underlying features herein may be easily substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0136] The storage device 1530 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium that can store data accessible by a computer, such as a magnetic cassette, a flash memory card, a solid-state memory device, a digital versatile disk, a cassette, a floppy disk, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a magnetic stripe / magnetic stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, a memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disk-read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disk, a rewritable compact disk (CD) optical disk, a digital video disk (DVD) optical disk, a Blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disk, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory Card, or a memory card. card, a smart card chip, an EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, a random access memory (RAM), a static RAM (SRAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash EPROM (FLASH EPROM), a cache memory (e.g., a layer 1 (L1) cache, a layer 2 (L2) cache, a layer 3 (L3) cache, a layer 4 (L4) cache, a layer 5 (L5) cache, other (L#) cache), a resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), a phase change memory (PCM), a spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or box, and / or a combination thereof.

[0137] Storage device 1530 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which, when the code defining such software is executed by processor 1510, causes the system to perform functions. In some embodiments, hardware services that perform specific functions may include software components for performing functions stored in a computer-readable medium connected to necessary hardware components (such as processor 1510, connection 1505, output device 1535, etc.). The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transient media in which data may be stored and does not include carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals propagated wirelessly or via wired connections. Examples of non-transient media may include, but are not limited to, disks or tapes, optical storage media (such as compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs)), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. Computer readable media may store thereon code and / or machine executable instructions, which may represent a procedure, function, subprogram, program, routine, subroutine, module, software package, category, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by transmitting and / or receiving information, data, independent variables, parameters, or memory contents. Information, independent variables, parameters, data, etc. may be transmitted, forwarded, or sent via any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network sending, etc.

[0138] Specific details are provided in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of each embodiment and each example provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, although the exemplary embodiments of the present application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concept can be embodied and adopted in various other ways, and the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including such variations, unless limited by the prior art. Various features and aspects of the above-mentioned applications can be used individually or in combination. In addition, without departing from the broader scope of this specification, the embodiments can be used in any number of environments and applications beyond the environment and application described herein. Therefore, the description and the accompanying drawings should be considered as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purpose of illustration, each method is described in a specific order. It should be understood that in an alternative embodiment, each method can be performed in a different order than described.

[0139] For the sake of explanation, in some cases, the present technology can be presented as including separate functional blocks, which include devices, device components, steps or routines in the method embodied in software or a combination of hardware and software. Additional components other than those components shown in the drawings and / or described herein can be used. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes and other components can be shown as components in block diagram form to avoid burying these embodiments in unnecessary details. In other cases, known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures and techniques can be shown without necessary details to avoid confusing each embodiment.

[0140] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints proposed to the entire system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0141] Individual embodiments may be described above as processes or methods depicted as flow charts, flow diagrams, data flow diagrams, structure diagrams, or block diagrams. Although a flow chart may describe an operation as a sequential process, many of the operations in the operation may be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be rearranged. The process is terminated when the operation of the process is completed, but the process may have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. The process may correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, the termination of the process may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or main function.

[0142] The processes and methods according to the above examples can be implemented using stored computer executable instructions or otherwise available computer executable instructions from a computer readable medium. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that configure a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of the computer resources used may be accessed via a network. Computer executable instructions may be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer readable media that can be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during the methods according to the described examples include disks or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0143] In some embodiments, computer-readable storage devices, media, and memories may include wired or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer-readable storage media explicitly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals themselves.

[0144] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned in the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in some cases on the specific application, the desired design, the corresponding technology, etc.

[0145] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any combination thereof, and may be implemented in any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing the necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. The processor may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include: laptops, smartphones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mounted devices, stand-alone devices, etc. The functions described herein may also be embodied in peripheral devices or add-in cards. By way of further example, such functionality may also be implemented on circuit boards in different chips or different processes executed on a single device.

[0146] The instructions, the media for conveying such instructions, the computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0147] The techniques described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques may be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium including a program code, which includes instructions for executing one or more of the above methods, algorithms, and / or operations when executed. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include a memory or data storage medium, such as a random access memory (RAM) (such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), a read-only memory (ROM), a non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic or optical data storage medium, and the like. Additionally or alternatively, the techniques may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as a propagated signal or wave.

[0148] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such processors may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, the term "processor" as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structures, any combination of the foregoing structures, or any other structure or device suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.

[0149] It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the less than ("<") and greater than (">") symbols or terms used herein may be replaced by less than or equal to ("≤") and greater than or equal to ("≥") symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of the present specification.

[0150] Where a component is described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration may be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operations, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., a microprocessor or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operations, or any combination thereof.

[0151] The phrases “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refer to any component being physically connected directly or indirectly to another component, and / or any component being in communication directly or indirectly with another component (e.g., connected to the other component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other suitable communication interface).

[0152] Claim language or other language stating "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfies the claim. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language stating "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, or any repetition is information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, etc.), or any other ordering, repetition, or combination of A, B, and C. The language "at least one of" a set and / or "one or more of" a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B.

[0153] Illustrative aspects of the present disclosure include:

[0154] Aspect 1. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: generate a side link synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and send the generated S-SSB to a second network device.

[0155] Aspect 2. A first network device according to claim 1, wherein: the at least one processor is also configured to multiplex the S-SSB with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource; and in order to send the generated S-SSB, the at least one processor is also configured to send the S-SSB multiplexed with at least one of the PSCCH resource or the PSSCH resource to the second network device.

[0156] Aspect 3. The first network device according to claim 2, wherein the leading symbol of the multiplexed S-SSB includes an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol.

[0157] Aspect 4. The first network device of claim 2, wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

[0158] Aspect 5. The first network device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

[0159] Aspect 6. A first network device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: multiplex a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

[0160] Aspect 7. A first network device according to claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: multiplex a second sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB, wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH.

[0161] Aspect 8. The first network device according to claim 7, wherein the PSBCH has a length of three symbols.

[0162] Aspect 9. The first network device according to claim 7, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

[0163] Aspect 10. The first network device of claim 9, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

[0164] Aspect 11. A first network device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first network device is implemented as a first user equipment (UE), and the first network device further comprises: at least one transceiver, the at least one transceiver being configured to send the generated S-SSB.

[0165] Aspect 12. The first network device according to claim 11, wherein the second network device comprises a second UE.

[0166] Aspect 13. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor, the at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive a side link synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB comprising at least two side link primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and decode at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0167] Aspect 14. The first network device according to claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: detect a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information; decode the SSSS to obtain a physical cell identifier of the second network device; and connect to the second network device based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information and the physical cell identifier.

[0168] Aspect 15. A first network device according to any one of claims 13 to 14, wherein the S-SSB is multiplexed with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource.

[0169] Aspect 16. The first network device of claim 15, wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

[0170] Aspect 17. The first network device according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the preamble symbol of the S-SSB includes an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol.

[0171] Aspect 18. The first network device according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

[0172] Aspect 19. The first network device according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

[0173] Aspect 20. The first network device of claim 19, wherein a second SSSS is multiplexed in the PSBCH, and wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH.

[0174] Aspect 21. The first network device of claim 20, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

[0175] Aspect 22. The first network device of claim 21, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

[0176] Aspect 23. A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: generating a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and sending the generated S-SSB to a second network device.

[0177] Aspect 24. The method according to claim 23 also includes multiplexing the S-SSB with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource, wherein sending the generated S-SSB includes sending the S-SSB multiplexed with at least one of the PSCCH resource or the PSSCH resource to the second network device.

[0178] Aspect 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the leading symbol of the multiplexed S-SSB comprises an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol.

[0179] Aspect 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

[0180] Aspect 27. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

[0181] Aspect 28. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 27, the method also includes multiplexing a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

[0182] Aspect 29. The method according to claim 28 further includes multiplexing a second sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB, wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH.

[0183] Aspect 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the PSBCH has a length of three symbols.

[0184] Aspect 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

[0185] Aspect 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

[0186] Aspect 33. The method of claim 23, wherein the method is implemented as a first user equipment (UE), and wherein the first UE comprises at least one transceiver for transmitting the generated S-SSB.

[0187] Aspect 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the second network device comprises a second UE.

[0188] Aspect 35. A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: receiving a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and decoding at least one of the two SPSS symbols to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

[0189] Aspect 36. According to the method according to claim 35, the method also includes: detecting a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information; decoding the SSSS to obtain a physical cell identifier of the second network device; and connecting to the second network device based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information and the physical cell identifier.

[0190] Aspect 37. A method according to any one of claims 35 to 37, wherein the S-SSB is multiplexed with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource.

[0191] Aspect 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

[0192] Aspect 39. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 39, wherein the preamble symbol of the S-SSB comprises an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol.

[0193] Aspect 40. The method according to any one of claims 35 to 39, wherein the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

[0194] Aspect 41. The method of any one of claims 35 to 40, wherein a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

[0195] Aspect 42. The method of claim 41, wherein a second SSSS is multiplexed in the PSBCH, and wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH.

[0196] Aspect 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

[0197] Aspect 44. The method of claim 43, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

[0198] Aspect 31. At least one non-transitory computer-readable medium containing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method according to any one of aspects 23 to 44.

[0199] Aspect 32. An apparatus comprising means for performing a method according to any one of aspects 23 to 44.

Claims

1. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: generating a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and The generated S-SSB is sent to the second network device.

2. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one processor is further configured to multiplex the S-SSB with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource; and To transmit the generated S-SSB, the at least one processor is further configured to transmit the S-SSB multiplexed with at least one of the PSCCH resources or the PSSCH resources to the second network device.

3. The first network device according to claim 2, wherein the leading symbol of the multiplexed S-SSB includes an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol. 4 . The first network device of claim 2 , wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

5. The first network device of claim 1, wherein the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

6. The first network device of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

7. The first network device of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A second sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB, wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH. The first network device according to claim 7 , wherein the PSBCH has a length of three symbols.

9. The first network device of claim 7, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

10. The first network device of claim 9, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

11. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein the first network device is implemented as a first user equipment (UE), and the first network device further comprises: At least one transceiver is configured to transmit the generated S-SSB.

12. The first network device of claim 11, wherein the second network device comprises a second UE.

13. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receiving a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB) from a second network device, the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; and At least one of the two SPSS symbols is decoded to obtain at least one of timing information or frequency information.

14. The first network device of claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: detecting a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) based on at least one of the timing information or the frequency information; decoding the SSSS to obtain a physical cell identifier of the second network device; and Connecting to the second network device is performed based on the physical cell identifier and at least one of the timing information or the frequency information.

15. The first network device of claim 13, wherein the S-SSB is multiplexed with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource.

16. The first network device of claim 15, wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

17. The first network device of claim 13, wherein the preamble symbol of the S-SSB comprises an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol.

18. The first network device of claim 13, wherein the S-SSB has a length of six symbols.

19. The first network device of claim 13, wherein a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB.

20. The first network device of claim 19, wherein a second SSSS is multiplexed in the PSBCH, and wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH.

21. The first network device of claim 20, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

22. The first network device of claim 21, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

23. A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: generating a sidelink synchronization block (S-SSB), the S-SSB comprising at least two sidelink primary synchronization signal (SPSS) symbols; as well as The generated S-SSB is sent to the second network device.

24. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: The S-SSB is multiplexed with at least one of a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) resource or a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) resource, wherein sending the generated S-SSB includes sending the S-SSB multiplexed with at least one of the PSCCH resource or the PSSCH resource to the second network device.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the leading symbol of the multiplexed S-SSB comprises an automatic gain control (AGC) symbol.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the PSCCH resource has a length of two symbols, and wherein the PSSCH resource has a length greater than ten symbols.

27. The method according to claim 23, further comprising: multiplexing a first sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB; as well as A second sidelink secondary synchronization signal (SSSS) is multiplexed in a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) of the S-SSB, wherein the first SSSS and the second SSSS are multiplexed into different symbols of the PSBCH.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the PSBCH has a length of three symbols.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the PSBCH has a length of four symbols.

30. The method of claim 23, wherein the S-SSB has a length of seven symbols.

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