Soil pre-breaking combined subsoiler with detachable soil breaking blade

Abstract

The invention relates to a pre-ground-breaking combined subsoiler with a detachable ground-breaking blade, which comprises a shovel handle and a ground-breaking blade, and the ground-breaking blade comprises a first-stage ground-breaking blade and a second-stage ground-breaking blade; the first-stage soil breaking blade comprises a first-stage blade body and a first-stage cutting edge arranged at the front end of the first-stage blade body, and the width of the first-stage blade body is the same as that of the first-stage cutting edge; the second-stage soil breaking blade comprises a second-stage blade body and a second-stage cutting edge arranged at the front end of the second-stage blade body, and the second-stage blade body and the second-stage cutting edge are the same in width; the rear end of the first-stage blade body is connected to the front end of the second-stage cutting edge, the section of the first-stage blade body and the section of the second-stage blade body are both rectangular, and the width of the second-stage blade body is larger than that of the first-stage blade body. And the rear end of the second-stage blade body is connected to the shovel handle. Subsoiling resistance originally directly acting on the soil breaking blades is converted step by step through the first-stage soil breaking blades and the second-stage soil breaking blades according to the sliding cutting principle, the front resistance borne in the soil loosening process is small, the inherent structure of soil is broken more easily, and deformation and breakage of the subsoiling shovel are delayed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade. Background Art

[0002] As a part that directly contacts the soil, the effect of deep tillage on the soil is mostly determined by the deep tillage shovel used. The structural strength, material properties, soil breaking and disturbing performance of the deep tillage shovel design, soil lifting and stability of the deep tillage shovel can directly determine the quality of the deep tillage operation.

[0003] Commonly used deep tillage shovels include a shovel handle, a shovel tip, a shovel wing and a soil breaking blade. The shovel handle is a straight structure with a curved bottom. The shovel tip is connected to the curved front end of the shovel handle. The shovel wing is connected to the shovel handle and is located behind the shovel tip. The soil breaking blade is connected to the shovel handle and is located above the shovel tip. The main function of the soil breaking blade is to cut the soil layer in advance, reduce the resistance during deep tillage and reduce the fuel consumption of the tractor.

[0004] The existing deep loosening shovel usually has a triangular soil-breaking blade with a cutting edge welded on the shovel handle. The triangular soil-breaking blade is used to cut the soil and break the inherent structure of the soil during loosening work.

[0005] It has the following technical problems:

[0006] The triangular breaking blade has a large blade angle, which makes the deep loosening shovel encounter greater frontal resistance when loosening the soil, making it relatively difficult to cut the soil, increasing the working energy consumption, and easily causing the deep loosening shovel to deform and break, shortening its service life. When the triangular breaking blade breaks the soil, the cut soil is difficult to loosen and break as a whole, and the loosening effect is poor. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pre-soil breaking combined deep loosening shovel with a detachable soil breaking blade, which can improve work efficiency, reduce work energy consumption, extend service life, and improve soil loosening effect.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade, comprising a shovel handle and a soil-breaking blade, characterized in that the soil-breaking blade comprises a first-stage soil-breaking blade and a second-stage soil-breaking blade;

[0010] The first-stage earth-breaking blade comprises a first-stage blade body and a first-stage cutting edge arranged at the front end of the first-stage blade body, and the first-stage blade body and the first-stage cutting edge have the same width;

[0011] The second-stage earth-breaking blade comprises a second-stage blade body and a second-stage cutting edge arranged at the front end of the second-stage blade body, and the second-stage blade body and the second-stage cutting edge have the same width;

[0012] The rear end of the first blade body is connected to the front end of the second blade edge, the cross sections of the first blade body and the second blade body are both rectangular, and the width of the second blade body is greater than the width of the first blade body;

[0013] The rear end of the second blade body is connected to the shovel handle.

[0014] Furthermore, the ground-breaking blade is a convex ground-breaking blade, which includes a convex upper section and a convex lower section connected in sequence from top to bottom, and both the convex upper section and the convex lower section are inclined toward the rear of the convex ground-breaking blade, forming an arc protruding toward the front of the convex ground-breaking blade between the convex upper section and the convex lower section.

[0015] Furthermore, the convex upper section is a large radius curve, and the convex lower section is a straight line.

[0016] Furthermore, the ground-breaking blade is a concave ground-breaking blade, which includes a concave upper section, a concave middle section and a concave lower section connected in sequence from top to bottom, an arc protruding toward the rear of the concave ground-breaking blade is formed between the concave upper section and the concave middle section, and an arc protruding toward the front of the concave ground-breaking blade is formed between the concave middle section and the concave lower section.

[0017] Furthermore, the concave upper section and the concave middle section are both arc-shaped, and the concave lower section is straight-line-shaped.

[0018] Furthermore, the earth-breaking blade is provided with a connecting arm, and the connecting arm is bolted to the shovel handle.

[0019] Furthermore, the connecting arm is connected to the outer side of the second-stage blade body, and a step is formed between the connecting arm and the second-stage blade body.

[0020] Furthermore, the sliding angle of the soil breaking blade is between 31° and 55°.

[0021] Furthermore, the shovel handle is provided with a plurality of bolt holes in sequence from top to bottom, and the earth-breaking blade is adjustably mounted on the bolt holes.

[0022] Furthermore, the front end of the shovel handle is bolted to a shovel tip, and the rear end of the shovel handle is bolted to a shovel wing, which is located behind the shovel tip.

[0023] In general, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] The soil-breaking blade of the present invention includes a first-level soil-breaking blade and a second-level soil-breaking blade. When the soil-breaking blade is working, the first-level soil-breaking blade first contacts the soil. The blade angle of the first-level blade edge at the front end is small. The width of the first-level blade body is thin and the cross-section is rectangular, so the resistance is small. Compared with the triangular soil-breaking blade, it is easier to break the inherent structure of the soil. The width of the second-level blade body is greater than that of the first-level blade body, and the width is large. The cross-section of the second-level blade body is rectangular, so the resistance is small. The second-level soil-breaking blade can perform secondary sliding cutting and expansion on the soil whose inherent structure has been broken. Since the width of the second-level blade body is greater than that of the first-level blade body, when the soil whose inherent structure has been broken by the first-level soil-breaking blade moves, the soil as a whole is more likely to be loosened and broken after being subjected to the shear force of the second-level soil-breaking blade, thereby improving the soil loosening effect. The present invention utilizes the sliding cutting principle to gradually transform the deep loosening resistance originally acting directly on the soil breaking blade through the first-stage soil breaking blade and the second-stage soil breaking blade. The frontal resistance encountered during loosening the soil is smaller, which not only makes it easier to break the inherent structure of the soil, improves work efficiency, and reduces work energy consumption, but also effectively delays the deformation and breakage of the deep loosening shovel, prolongs its service life, and improves the soil loosening effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a combined deep loosening shovel equipped with a concave soil-breaking blade Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a combined deep loosening shovel equipped with a concave soil-breaking blade Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a combined deep loosening shovel equipped with a convex soil-breaking blade Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of a combined deep loosening shovel equipped with a convex soil-breaking blade Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the concave earth-breaking blade;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the convex earth-breaking blade;

[0031] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shovel handle;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shovel tip;

[0033] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shovel wing;

[0034] In the figure:

[0035] 11-concave earth-breaking blade, 12-convex earth-breaking blade, 13-connecting arm, 14-first-stage earth-breaking blade, 141-first-stage cutting edge, 142-first-stage blade body, 15-second-stage earth-breaking blade, 151-second-stage cutting edge, 152-second-stage blade body;

[0036] 2-shovel tip;

[0037] 3-Shovel wing;

[0038] 4-shovel handle, 41-bolt hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0040] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a pre-breaking combined deep loosening shovel with a detachable breaking blade comprises a shovel handle 4, a shovel tip 2, a shovel wing 3 and a breaking blade. The shovel tip 2 is bolted to the arc-shaped front end of the shovel handle 4, the shovel wing 3 is bolted to the shovel handle 4 and is located behind the shovel tip 2, and the breaking blade is provided with a connecting arm 13, and the breaking blade is bolted to the shovel handle 4 through the connecting arm 13 and is located above the shovel tip 2.

[0041] like Figure 8 As shown, the shovel tip 2 includes a shovel tip surface and two wedge-shaped pads, and the arc-shaped front end of the shovel handle 4 is clamped between the two wedge-shaped pads and connected by bolts. As the first component to touch the soil, the shovel tip 2 has the function of widening the rat path after deep loosening.

[0042] like Fig. 9 As shown, the shovel wing 3 is mainly used to further lift and crush the soil cut by the soil-breaking blade, making the soil loose and porous, which is convenient for the growth and development of plant roots and improves the crop's resistance to lodging. The side thereof is provided with a cutting edge for easy sliding of the soil.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown, the shovel handle 4 combines the advantages of the traditional chisel-type deep tilling shovel and the deep tilling plow, adopts a structure that is curved at the bottom and straight at the top, which can effectively transmit vibration to each component and provide a stable foundation for the construction of each part of the deep tilling shovel. Since each component on the deep tilling shovel is connected by bolts, the utilization efficiency of the deep tilling shovel can be effectively improved, and this structure can effectively reduce the bending strain of the deep tilling shovel caused by the tillage resistance during the tillage process, and improve the strength of the deep tilling shovel itself.

[0044] The shovel handle 4 is provided with a plurality of bolt holes 41 from top to bottom, and the shovel tip 2, shovel wings 3 and earth-breaking blade are adjustably mounted in appropriate bolt holes 41 as required. The shovel tip 2 with a corresponding soil entry angle and the shovel wings 3 with a corresponding horizontal angle are designed and installed as required, which can solve the problem that the soil entry angle of the traditional deep loosening shovel is fixed and the horizontal angle of the shovel wings 3 of the traditional deep loosening shovel cannot be adjusted.

[0045] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the earth-breaking blade includes a first-stage earth-breaking blade 14 and a second-stage earth-breaking blade 15 connected in sequence; the extension length of the first-stage earth-breaking blade 14 is controlled within a certain range, the blade angle can be smaller, and the strength of the earth-breaking blade is supported by the second-stage earth-breaking blade 15. The first-stage earth-breaking blade 14 includes a first-stage blade body 142 and a first-stage blade edge 141 provided at the front end of the first-stage blade body 142, and the first-stage blade body 142 and the first-stage blade edge 141 have the same width; the second-stage earth-breaking blade 15 includes a second-stage blade body 152 and a second-stage blade edge 151 provided at the front end of the second-stage blade body 152, and the second-stage blade body 152 and the second-stage blade edge 151 have the same width; the rear end of the first-stage blade body 142 is connected to the front end of the second-stage blade edge 151, the cross-sections of the first-stage blade body 142 and the second-stage blade body 152 are both rectangular, and the width of the second-stage blade body 152 is greater than the width of the first-stage blade body 142; the rear end of the second-stage blade body 152 is connected to the shovel handle 4.

[0046] When the soil-breaking blade is working, the first-level soil-breaking blade 14 first contacts the soil, and the first-level blade 141 at the front end has a small blade angle, and the first-level blade body 142 is thin and has a rectangular cross-section, which has less resistance, making it easier to break the inherent structure of the soil than the triangular soil-breaking blade. The width of the second-level blade body 152 is greater than that of the first-level blade body 142, and the width is larger. The cross-section of the second-level blade body 152 is rectangular, and the resistance is smaller. The second-level soil-breaking blade 15 can perform secondary sliding cutting and expansion on the soil whose inherent structure has been broken. Since the width of the second-level blade body 152 is greater than that of the first-level blade body 142, when the soil whose inherent structure has been broken by the first-level soil-breaking blade 14 moves, the soil as a whole is more likely to be loosened and broken after being subjected to the shear force of the second-level soil-breaking blade 15, thereby improving the loosening effect. The present invention utilizes the sliding cutting principle to gradually transform the deep loosening resistance originally directly acting on the soil breaking blade through the first-stage soil breaking blade 14 and the second-stage soil breaking blade 15. When loosening the soil, the frontal resistance encountered is smaller, which not only makes it easier to break the inherent structure of the soil, improves work efficiency, and reduces work energy consumption, but also effectively delays the deformation and breakage of the deep loosening shovel, prolongs its service life, and improves the soil loosening effect.

[0047] In order to ensure the safety of the connection structure and improve the performance of force transmission, the connection structure is appropriately widened, and the step-by-step cutting and expanding structure used at the same time will reduce the side resistance factor caused by the widened connection structure as much as possible. Specifically, the connecting arm 13 is connected to the outer side of the second-level blade body 152. The connecting arm 13 is the last layer in the graded layer of the earth-breaking blade, and the earth-breaking blade part of the connecting arm 13 is designed with an inclination angle. The step-by-step cutting and expanding is used on the side of the earth-breaking blade, which can reduce the side resistance and ensure the ability to transmit force, solving the problems of excessively large blade angles, insufficient strength, and increased side resistance caused by unreasonable connection parts of the traditional deep loosening shovel earth-breaking blade.

[0048] like Figure 5As shown, the soil-breaking blade can be a concave soil-breaking blade 11, which is suitable for areas with loose soil and low soil viscosity. The concave soil-breaking blade 11 includes a concave upper section, a concave middle section and a concave lower section connected in sequence from top to bottom. The concave upper section and the concave middle section form an arc protruding toward the rear of the concave soil-breaking blade 11, and the concave middle section and the concave lower section form an arc protruding toward the front of the concave soil-breaking blade 11. The concave upper section and the concave middle section are both arc-shaped; the concave lower section is a straight line, which can press down the subsoil with less nutrients when cutting the subsoil layer.

[0049] When the deep loosening shovel is working, the shovel tip 2 first enters the soil, and following the traction of the tractor, the deep loosening shovel gradually penetrates into the soil layer to 30-40 cm. At the same time as the deep loosening shovel enters the soil, the first-level soil-breaking blade 14 begins to slide and cut the soil to destroy the layer structure, and the second-level soil-breaking blade 15 expands the tillage layer soil. At this time, the concave lower section of the concave soil-breaking blade 11 is located at the heart soil layer below the plow bottom layer, the concave middle section is at the plow bottom layer, and the concave upper section is at the tillage layer. The concave lower section of the heart soil layer can slide and cut the heart soil layer downward, causing it to have a downward pressure on the heart soil layer soil, reducing the upward displacement of the heart soil layer soil. The concave upper section also slides and cuts downward, and its purpose is to allow the tillage layer soil to be mixed with the plow bottom layer soil that the concave middle section slides upward to increase the depth of the tillage layer. The concave breaking blade 11 is a blade curve obtained by fitting the appropriate sliding angle according to the sliding cutting theory and approximating the concave middle section of the arc curve. The purpose of designing the concave upper section to be inclined forward is to exert downward pressure on the cultivated layer of soil during operation to ensure the flatness of the land during deep loosening.

[0050] When calculating the sliding angle, since the friction coefficient between the breaking blade and the soil generally does not exceed 0.6, the corresponding friction angle is approximately equal to 31°, so the sliding angle should be greater than 31°. Combined with the calculation verification of the sliding angle, the optimal sliding angle is no more than 55°, so the selection range of the sliding angle needs to be between 31° and 55°.

[0051] Or, if Figure 6 As shown, the soil breaking blade may be a convex soil breaking blade 12, which is suitable for areas with relatively high soil viscosity.

[0052] The convex soil-breaking blade 12 includes a convex upper section and a convex lower section connected in sequence from top to bottom, and both the convex upper section and the convex lower section are inclined toward the rear of the convex soil-breaking blade 12. The convex lower section is inclined toward the rear, so that it can press down the soil in the subsoil layer with less nutrients when cutting the subsoil layer forward. An arc protruding toward the front of the convex soil-breaking blade 12 is formed between the convex upper section and the convex lower section. The convex upper section is a large radius curve, and the convex lower section is a straight line. Soil with high viscosity itself has high viscosity after deep loosening, so it will stick together into blocks. After deep loosening in areas with high viscosity soil, the soil uplift slope is relatively low and the flatness is better, so the convex upper section is designed to be inclined toward the rear.

[0053] The convex upper blade edge curve of the convex earth-breaking blade 12 is based on the national standard deep loosening shovel curved shovel handle prototype. The curve part is extracted and given to the convex upper blade edge curve. The convex lower section is designed to be forward-inclined according to the sliding cutting angle, and its upper end is backward-inclined with an arc fitting sliding cutting angle. The convex earth-breaking blade 12 itself has a limited width. When designing the graded cutting and expansion, the connecting part of the connecting arm 13 is reduced laterally. In order to increase the reliability of the connection, longitudinal expansion is adopted, and the transition grading is performed by an arc plus an inclination angle. The purpose is to reduce the increase in the lateral resistance of the connecting arm 13 caused by widening the longitudinal connection, and to ensure that it provides sufficient support when connected to the shovel handle 4. The selection range of the sliding cutting angle needs to be between 31° and 55°. When working, the working process and step-by-step cutting and expansion of the convex earth-breaking blade 12 are consistent with the concave earth-breaking blade 11.

[0054] The shovel tip 2, shovel wing 3, and soil breaking blade of the present invention are all modularly designed and connected by bolts. Whether in the case of complex soil conditions or in conventional soil areas, the various parts of the deep loosening shovel can be adjusted to meet the different depths of the plow bottom layer formed by the rotary tiller and the plow. The shovel tip 2 is replaced to adjust the soil entry angle, the shovel wing 3 is replaced to meet the loosening requirements of the deep soil during deep loosening in different regions, the height of the soil breaking blade is adjusted to adapt to the changes in the thickness of the tillage layer and the plow bottom layer in different regions, and the shape of the soil breaking blade and different cutting edge angles are adjusted to meet the deep loosening conditions of the soil conditions in different regions. Only a small part needs to be replaced to meet the deep loosening of the land in most areas, which greatly reduces the cost of deep loosening equipment and can reduce the resistance to tillage and reduce energy consumption. The detachable soil breaking blade abandons the original design of being integrated with the deep loosening shovel handle. Instead of directly cutting and expanding the soil during work, the soil breaking blade first slides and cuts the soil to widen the tillage layer soil, and the original horizontal force is dispersed at the current inclination angle, that is, the sliding cutting angle sliding cutting effect, which greatly reduces the large impact force caused by the horizontal direct force. In order to reduce the side resistance when designing the soil breaking blade, the soil breaking blade is sharpened step by step, that is, two-stage cutting and expansion. The first-stage soil breaking blade 14 performs sliding cutting to break the soil structure first, and the second-stage soil breaking blade 15 performs sliding cutting and expansion of the soil. In the case of soil breaking blades of the same thickness, it can have a smaller blade angle and be able to ensure the overall strength of the soil breaking blade. Due to the design of the soil breaking blade, during operation, the force is replaced by the soil breaking blade first cutting and expanding the force instead of the original deep loosening shovel handle being directly subjected to force, so the force is transferred from the shovel handle 4 to the soil breaking blade. Through mechanical analysis, the safety factor of the two soil breaking blade strengths in the range of 2000N-5000N required by JB / T 9788-2020 "Subsoiling Shovel and Subsoiling Shovel Handle" is greater than 1.5.

[0055] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade, comprising a shovel handle and a soil-breaking blade, characterized in that: The earth-breaking blade includes a first-level earth-breaking blade and a second-level earth-breaking blade; The first-stage earth-breaking blade comprises a first-stage blade body and a first-stage cutting edge arranged at the front end of the first-stage blade body, and the first-stage blade body and the first-stage cutting edge have the same width; The second-stage earth-breaking blade comprises a second-stage blade body and a second-stage cutting edge arranged at the front end of the second-stage blade body, and the second-stage blade body and the second-stage cutting edge have the same width; The rear end of the first blade body is connected to the front end of the second blade edge, the cross sections of the first blade body and the second blade body are both rectangular, and the width of the second blade body is greater than the width of the first blade body; The rear end of the second blade body is connected to the shovel handle.

2. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground-breaking blade is a convex ground-breaking blade, which includes a convex upper section and a convex lower section connected in sequence from top to bottom. The convex upper section and the convex lower section are both inclined toward the rear of the convex ground-breaking blade, and an arc protruding toward the front of the convex ground-breaking blade is formed between the convex upper section and the convex lower section.

3. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 2, characterized in that: The convex upper section is a large radius curve, and the convex lower section is a straight line.

4. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground-breaking blade is a concave ground-breaking blade, which includes a concave upper section, a concave middle section and a concave lower section connected in sequence from top to bottom, an arc protruding toward the rear of the concave ground-breaking blade is formed between the concave upper section and the concave middle section, and an arc protruding toward the front of the concave ground-breaking blade is formed between the concave middle section and the concave lower section.

5. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 4, characterized in that: The concave upper section and the concave middle section are both arc-shaped, and the concave lower section is straight-line.

6. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earth-breaking blade is provided with a connecting arm, and the connecting arm is bolted to the shovel handle.

7. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting arm is connected to the outer side of the second-stage blade body, and a step is formed between the connecting arm and the second-stage blade body.

8. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding angle of the earth-breaking blade is between 31° and 55°.

9. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shovel handle is provided with a plurality of bolt holes in sequence from top to bottom, and the earth-breaking blades are adjustably mounted on the bolt holes.

10. The pre-soil-breaking combined deep-soiling shovel with a detachable soil-breaking blade according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the shovel handle is bolted with a shovel tip, and the rear end of the shovel handle is bolted with a shovel wing, which is located behind the shovel tip.

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