Block chain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method

Abstract

The invention provides a co-existing wireless network cooperative communication method based on a block chain, which comprises two stages and is characterized by comprising the following steps: a first stage, a co-existing wireless network cooperative communication process; and in the second stage, the Internet of Things receiver IR3 and the cellular receiver CR1 cooperate to perform joint demodulation of the primary signal Sp and the secondary signal Ss. According to the method, a credit-based incentive mechanism is adopted, improvement of the channel quality and the packet error rate of the main link and the secondary link is used as measurement of contribution of the two parties and is used as a basis for updating the credit of each party, and the higher credit is selected as a partner with a higher probability; the primary and secondary devices can be effectively encouraged to make a contribution as much as possible during cooperation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of communication networks, and in particular relates to a symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] As spectrum resources become increasingly scarce, how to coordinate the behaviors of different operators to improve resource efficiency and quality of service (QoS) has become a key issue in future wireless communication networks. Symbiotic wireless networks are an emerging cooperation framework between primary link devices and relay link devices (RLDs) that aims to achieve more efficient spectrum allocation and lower energy consumption. In symbiotic wireless networks, relay link devices act as interfaces between local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), as well as controllers for bandwidth management and data routing. The research on symbiotic wireless networks is still in its early stages, focusing on performance improvements in terms of construction methods and cooperation models. In the existing symbiotic wireless network framework, the receiver uses the successive interference cancellation (SIC) algorithm to implement joint demodulation to obtain a lower bit error rate (BER), which requires trust between the primary link device and the relay link device to share their respective modulation methods and parameters. Considering that the relay link device and the primary link device are controlled by different operators without a centralized coordinator, it is very challenging to establish trust between different operators to achieve secure cooperation.

[0003] As a distributed ledger technology (DLT), blockchain, with the support of peer-to-peer networks, cryptography, consensus mechanisms, and smart contracts, provides a promising solution to the above trust challenges with its immutability, traceability, decentralization, and trustlessness. First, blockchain is designed for heterogeneous networks and is fully compatible with symbiotic wireless network scenarios. Second, the chain data structure and consensus mechanism ensure the integrity of the records, which can be accessed and audited by all partners. In addition, smart contracts allow distributed automatic execution of custom tasks, improving credibility by reducing human involvement. However, existing blockchain-based solutions cannot be directly applied to symbiotic wireless networks for the following reasons. First, blockchain is used as a trust machine or black box in many works. The integration details of transaction processes and data interactions are not clearly provided. Second, the impact of blockchain types on multi-party cooperation scenarios is not fully considered. Third, there is a lack of evaluation methods for cooperation performance, including spectrum allocation efficiency and service quality. Therefore, there is a bottleneck in the integration of blockchain and symbiotic wireless networks. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication solution with stronger transaction processing capabilities and more refined authority control. The communication solution proposed in the present invention is called BCC-SRN. BCC-SRN uses a consortium chain (such as Hyperledger Fabric and FISCO BCOS) as a trust anchor for cooperative security, based on common channel quality indicators such as reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength (RSSI) or reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and adopts a cooperative quality estimation method and a credit-based spectrum allocation mechanism, and is implemented with the support of smart contracts. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method includes two stages, characterized in that the steps are as follows:

[0006] Phase 1: Cooperative communication process of symbiotic wireless networks

[0007] S11: The cellular receiver CR1 detects the working status of the adjacent IDs and generates a list of idle IDs that can participate in the cooperation. CR1 sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit points of each idle ID. According to the obtained credit points, CR1 calculates the weight of the candidate node. The ID with the highest weight is selected to send a cooperation request. The ID with the highest weight is set to ID3, and its auxiliary receiver is the IoT receiver IR3. The cooperation request includes the channel quality RSRQ0 information of the main link at this timestamp.

[0008] After receiving the request from CR1, the IoT receiver IR3 generates a list of all requesters and sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit points of all requesters, and then calculates the weight of each requester. IR3 confirms the requester with the highest weight in the list, and assumes that the requester with the highest weight is the cellular receiver CR1. IR3 sends a confirmation message to CR1, indicating that it will cooperate.

[0009] S13 After establishing the cooperation relationship, the user equipment UE1 sends the main signal S p , ID3's reconfigurable intelligent plane RIS provides signal enhancement and adds a secondary signal S to the reflected signal s ;

[0010] The S14 cellular receiver CR1 measures and records the improved channel quality RSRQ1 and publishes the results to all participants in the alliance chain; the leaders of each organization will verify the validity of the new block, ensure the correctness of all transactions, and synchronize them to the local blockchain to record the changes in the cooperation process;

[0011] In the second stage, the IoT receiver IR3 and the cellular receiver CR1 cooperate to transmit the main signal S p and the secondary signal Ss Joint demodulation

[0012] The S21 cellular receiver CR1 extracts the initial estimate of the main signal from the received signal S by using the signal interference cancellation SIC method. Calculate the corresponding bit error rate

[0013] S22 Cellular Receiver CR1 Generation Proof prove Including the calculated bit error rate Submit to the endorser for verification, and CR1 sends cooperation information CoInfo0 to IR3, which includes the received signal S and the extracted initial estimate of the main signal

[0014] After receiving the cooperation information CoInfo0 from the cellular receiver CR1, the IoT receiver IR3 estimates the secondary signal and calculates the secondary signal estimation value. Generate the corresponding proof Submit to endorser for verification and send to CR1 containing secondary signal estimate Calibration information;

[0015] After receiving the calibration information from IoT receiver IR3, S24 cellular receiver CR1 completes the final calibration of the signal and obtains a more accurate signal estimate and the corresponding bit error rate CR1 generates a new certificate and submits it to the endorser again;

[0016] After the S25 cooperation is completed, CR1 sends a request to IR3 to stop the RIS service. IR3 confirms the request and updates its own status to available, ready to accept new requests.

[0017] Furthermore, in S11, the method in which the cellular receiver CR1 calculates the weight of the candidate node is as follows:

[0018]

[0019] Where M is a fixed adjustment factor, cred i is ID i Credit score, dist i It is CR1 and ID i The distance between them, n is the signal attenuation coefficient of the secondary link.

[0020] Furthermore, in S14, by comparing the channel quality before and after the cooperation, the improvement degree of the main link is evaluated, and the credit score of IR3 changes accordingly according to the change of the channel quality. The change rule of the credit score cred_IR3 of IR3 is as follows:

[0021] if The primary link is considered to have effectively improved the channel quality; in this case, the chain code will increase the credit of IR3 according to the following rules:

[0022]

[0023] Where cred_base1 is a fixed adjustment factor, is the improvement threshold.

[0024] Furthermore, after step S25, a contribution check of the joint demodulation of CR1 and IR3 is also included: if IR3 successfully demodulates the secondary signal, the credit of CR1 will increase by a certain value; otherwise, if the bit error rate exceeds the set threshold, indicating that CR1 fails to effectively support the demodulation of IR3, the credit of CR1 will be reduced accordingly.

[0025] Further, based on The chain code checks whether the bit error rate of the secondary link is below the threshold, i.e. If the inspection requirements are met, it is considered S in IR3 s The demodulation is successful, indicating that CR1 provides valid decoding information as promised, and CR1's credit cred_CR1 increases by a fixed value;

[0026] exist and In the case of , the credit of CR1 will increase by a fixed value and decrease by a fixed value;

[0027] exist and In this case, the credit values ​​of CR1 and IR3 remain unchanged;

[0028] Further, based on The chain code checks whether the PER bit error rate of the main chain has been further significantly improved. The method is as follows:

[0029] if It is believed that the information of IR3 is helpful to S P Calibrated, so the confidence of IR3 increases as follows:

[0030]

[0031] Where cred_base3 is a fixed adjustment factor;

[0032] exist In this case, IR cannot provide valid calibration information to CR1, and the credit of IR3 is reduced;

[0033]

[0034] for In this case, the IR's credit remains unchanged.

[0035] Based on the trust problem in the two stages of SR cooperation, this paper proposes a blockchain-based SRN cooperative communication scheme (BCC-SRN), which adopts a credit-based incentive mechanism, uses the improvement of the channel quality and packet error rate of the primary link and the secondary link as the measure of the contribution of both parties, and uses it as the basis for updating the credit of each party. Those with higher credit will have a higher probability of being selected as collaborators. It can effectively encourage the primary and secondary devices to make their best efforts to contribute during the cooperation period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a simple cooperative communication scenario based on SRN

[0037] Figure 2 It is a large-scale symbiotic wireless network formed by cellular and IoT networks;

[0038] Figure 3 It is the cooperation process of the symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication solution based on blockchain. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method proposed in the present invention includes the following steps:

[0040] 1The cellular receiver (CR1) first detects the working status of the neighboring IDs and generates a list of all idle IDs that can participate in the cooperation. CR1 sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit points of these idle IDs; based on the obtained credit points, CR1 calculates the weights of the candidate nodes, selects the ID with the highest weight, and sends a cooperation request; after receiving the request from CR1, the IoT receiver (IR3) generates a local request list and sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit points of all requesters and calculate the weight of each requester. IR3 confirms the requester with the highest weight and sends a confirmation message indicating that cooperation will be carried out. Once the cooperation relationship is established, the user equipment (UE1) starts to send the main signal, and the reconfigurable intelligent plane RIS of ID3 will provide signal enhancement. CR1 then measures and records the improved channel quality and broadcasts the results to all participants in the alliance chain; the leaders of each organization will check the validity of the new block: ensure the correctness of all transactions and synchronize them to the local blockchain to record the changes in the cooperation process.

[0041] 2CR1 uses the signal received by the reconfigurable intelligent plane (RIS) for joint demodulation. Through the signal interference cancellation (SIC) method, CR1 extracts the preliminary estimate of the main signal from the received signal and calculates the corresponding bit error rate (PER); CR1 generates a certificate and submits it to the endorser for verification. After receiving the cooperation information from CR1, IR3 estimates the secondary signal, calculates the result of the secondary signal, and generates the corresponding certificate, which is then submitted to the endorser for verification; after receiving the calibration information from IR3, CR1 completes the final calibration of the signal and obtains a more accurate signal estimate and the corresponding PER. CR1 generates a new certificate and submits it to the endorser again; after the cooperation ends, CR1 sends a request to IR3 to stop the RIS service. IR3 confirms the request and updates its own status to available, ready to accept new requests.

[0042] 3 In the first stage, the improvement of the primary link is evaluated by comparing the channel quality (RSRQ) before and after cooperation.

[0043] If the improvement is significant, the credit value of IR3 will be increased accordingly based on the improvement of channel quality; in the second stage, the contribution of CR1 and IR3 in the joint demodulation process will be reviewed. Specifically: if IR3 successfully demodulates the secondary signal, the credit of CR1 will increase by a certain value, indicating that CR1 provides effective decoding information as promised. On the contrary, if the PER exceeds the set threshold, indicating that CR1 fails to effectively support the demodulation of IR3, the credit of CR1 will be reduced accordingly; the specific credit adjustment rules will be dynamically adjusted according to the contribution of the participants in the entire cooperation process to ensure that the interests of all parties in the cooperation are reasonably protected.

[0044] The present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0045] Figure 1 A simple SRN consisting of a low-power Internet of Things (IoT) and a cellular network is depicted. The cellular receiver (CR) receives signals from the user equipment (UE) and the IoT device (ID) equipped with RIS (the primary link is UE→CR and the secondary link is ID→CR). The IoT receiver (IR) communicates with the CR through a wired connection to achieve information sharing and collaborative demodulation. The communication quality of the primary link can be measured by RSRQ (reference signal reception quality) and packet loss rate (PER). A high reference signal reception quality indicates that the connection between the UE and the CR is stable, so a low packet loss rate can be achieved without the help of RIS. Conversely, a poor reference signal reception quality indicates that the primary link is not good enough to achieve a low packet loss rate. In this case, the UE requests cooperation from the ID to improve the transmission quality. The ID can then send the secondary link specific signal S s Added to the reflected signal.

[0046] Large-scale deployment of such SRNs Figure 2 As shown in the figure, in this network, huge IoT devices and corresponding receivers (IR) from different operators are deployed around cellular base stations, so that different IoT sensing applications can rely on the uplink transmission of the cellular network to work. At the same time, the uplink transmission quality can be improved based on cooperation, so the cellular system and the IoT system establish a symbiotic relationship. Since the UE is dynamic, the channel of the main link may change, so the symbiotic relationship will also change adaptively. In this case, the signal from the IoT device should adjust its RIS beam to the target CR according to the main link requesting cooperation.

[0047] At the receiver side, CR and IR cooperate to demodulate the signal based on the serial interference cancellation method (SIC), where IR estimates the received signal and CR. Estimated S s , CR based on IR's feedback Recalibrate the estimated The cooperation process requires additional resource costs. Data sharing is based on mutual trust between the CR of mobile operators and the RIS / IR of IoT operators. Their dishonest behavior (delay, tampering, etc.) will lead to the failure of joint demodulation, as follows:

[0048] 1. CR does not cooperate honestly. After benefiting from the multipath diversity provided by RIS, CR refuses to send To save resources, resulting in S in IR s The demodulation of the secondary link fails. The contribution of the secondary link is ignored and not reported.

[0049] 2. IR did not cooperate honestly. Decoded with the help of After that, IR refused to provide CR Calibration failed In this case, CR will not be shared Get rewards in.

[0050] In the larger whole system, mutual trust should be extended to multi-party trust. On the one hand, it is difficult to exclude dishonest participants without behavioral audits. On the other hand, it is difficult to filter out better cooperative relationships without an incentive mechanism. Integration with blockchain can solve these problems, and the following solutions are proposed.

[0051] For example, the cooperation between CR1 and IR3 (e.g. Figure 1 The cooperation procedures are as follows Figure 3 The cooperation involves two stages. The procedures of the first stage are as follows:

[0052] 1.CR1 detects the working status of adjacent IDs and maintains a list of idle IDs, such as L ide =[ID1-ID i Then, CR1 sends a query transaction Query1 = [TS, L ide , SyR_CR1, sig] to claim the credit of the idle ID (L cred =[Cred_ID1~Cred_ID i ]), where TS is the timestamp, SyR_CR1 is the symbol rate of CR1, and sig is the signature of CR1.

[0053] 2. According to L cred ,CR1 calculates the weight list of all candidate devices as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Where M is a fixed adjustment factor, dist i It is CR1 and ID i The distance between them is n, and n is the signal attenuation coefficient of the secondary link. Then, CR1 sends a cooperation request to the ID with the highest weight in the form of a transaction, such as TX start =[TS, RSRQ0, From=CR1, CoID=IR3, RIS_Start=1, sig], where RIS_Start is the flag of RIS cooperation, RSRQ0 is the channel quality of the main link at TS, and CoID=IR3 is the auxiliary receiver of ID3. TX start It is broadcast to the network and triggers the chaincode deployed in the endorser.

[0056] 3. Due to its high credibility, IR3 may receive cooperation requests from multiple master links and maintain a local list for all requesters, such as L req =[CR1~CR i Then, IR3 issues a query transaction Query2 = [TS, L rqe , SyR_IR3, sig], where SyR_IR3 represents the symbol rate of IR3. IR3 also calculates the weight of each requester according to the equation. Assume that CR1 has the highest weight W i , IR3 with transaction TX ack =[TS, CoID=CR1, From=IR3, RIS_Start=1, sig] to respond to CR1 to confirm the bidirectional selection. ack The endorser changes the status of IR3 to busy (RIS status = 1)

[0057] 4. After establishing a cooperative relationship, UE1 sends the main signal Sp =[x1, x2, …, x K ], while the RIS of ID3 provides reflection to enhance the main link and adds a secondary signal S to the reflected signal s =[c1, c2, …, c N ]. The communication quality after ID3 assists communication is measured as RSRQ1 (with the help of ID3, CR1 can measure the improvement of the main link channel quality as RSRQ1).

[0058] In the first phase, the improvement of the primary link is checked by comparing the signal reception quality measured by CR before and after the cooperation request. start and Extract RSRQ0 and RSRQ1 from The main link is considered to have effectively improved the channel quality. In this case, the chain code will increase the credit of IR3 according to the following rules:

[0059]

[0060] where cred_base1 is a fixed adjustment factor.

[0061] In the second phase, IR3 and CR1 cooperate to perform S p and S s The process is described as follows:

[0062] 1. CR1 receives signal S through the reflection of RIS in ID3. CR1 obtains the initial estimate through the SIC method and the corresponding Then, CR1 is At the same time, CR1 sends cooperation information to IR3. To estimate S s .

[0063] 2. After receiving CoInfo0, IR3 subtracts The secondary signal is estimated as IR3 then generates a certificate And submit it to the endorser. At the same time, IR3 sends cooperation information to CR1 For calibration

[0064] 3. After receiving CoInfo1, CR1 completes , and obtain a more precise estimate, namely The corresponding PER is expressed as Similarly, CR1 generates proof sig] and submit it to the endorser

[0065] In the second stage, the contribution of CR1 and IR3 to the joint SIC demodulation is checked as follows:

[0066] 1. Based on The chain code can check whether the bit error rate (PER) of the secondary link is below a threshold If the inspection requirements are met, it is considered S in IR3 s The demodulation of is successful, which indicates that CR1 provides valid decoded information as promised. Therefore, CR1's credit will be increased by a fixed value credit as follows:

[0067] cred_CR1=cred_CR1+cred_CR2

[0068] exist and In the case of , the credibility of CR will be reduced by the fixed value of the equation, because CR benefits from RIS services but does not help IR to S s Demodulation

[0069] cred_CR1=cred_CR1-cred_CR2

[0070] exist and In this case, the credit points of CR and IR remain unchanged as they do not benefit from each other.

[0071] 2. Based on The chain code checks whether the PER of the main chain is further significantly improved. It is believed that the information of IR3 is helpful to S P Calibrated, so the confidence of IR3 increases as follows:

[0072]

[0073] Where cred_base3 is a fixed adjustment factor.

[0074] exist In this case, the credit of IR3 will be reduced because IR cannot provide valid calibration information to CR1.

[0075]

[0076] for In this case, keep the credit of IR unchanged since its contribution is negligible.

[0077] Based on the trust problem in the two stages of SR cooperation, this paper proposes a blockchain-based SRN cooperative communication scheme (BCC-SRN), which adopts a credit-based incentive mechanism, uses the improvement of the channel quality and packet error rate of the primary link and the secondary link as the measure of the contribution of both parties, and uses it as the basis for updating the credit of each party. Those with higher credit will have a higher probability of being selected as collaborators. It can effectively encourage the primary and secondary devices to make their best efforts to contribute during the cooperation period.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method, comprising two stages, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Phase 1: Cooperative communication process of symbiotic wireless networks S11 cellular receiver CR1 detects the working status of adjacent IDs and generates a list of idle IDs that can participate in the cooperation; CR1 sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit points of each of the idle IDs; based on the obtained credit points, CR1 calculates the weight of the candidate node; Select the ID with the highest weight to send a cooperation request. Suppose the ID with the highest weight is ID3 and its auxiliary receiver is IoT receiver IR3. The cooperation request includes the channel quality RSRQ0 information of the main link at this timestamp. After receiving the request from CR1, the S12 IoT receiver IR3 generates a list of all requesters and sends a query request to the blockchain to obtain the credit points of all requesters and then calculate the weight of each requester; IR3 confirms the requester with the highest weight in the list. Assume that the requester with the highest weight is cellular receiver CR1. IR3 sends a confirmation message to CR1, indicating that it will cooperate. S13 After establishing the cooperation relationship, the user equipment UE1 sends the main signal S p , ID3's reconfigurable intelligent plane RIS provides signal enhancement and adds a secondary signal S to the reflected signal s ; The S14 cellular receiver CR1 measures and records the improved channel quality RSRQ1 and publishes the results to all participants in the alliance chain; the leaders of each organization will verify the validity of the new block, ensure the correctness of all transactions, and synchronize them to the local blockchain to record the changes in the cooperation process; In the second stage, the IoT receiver IR3 and the cellular receiver CR1 cooperate to transmit the main signal S p and the secondary signal S s Joint demodulation The S21 cellular receiver CR1 extracts the initial estimate of the main signal from the received signal S by using the signal interference cancellation SIC method. Calculate the corresponding bit error rate S22 Cellular Receiver CR1 Generation Proof prove Including the calculated bit error rate Submit to the endorser for verification, and CR1 sends cooperation information CoInfo0 to IR3, which includes the received signal S and the extracted initial estimate of the main signal After receiving the cooperation information CoInfo0 from the cellular receiver CR1, the IoT receiver IR3 estimates the secondary signal and calculates the secondary signal estimation value. Generate the corresponding proof Submit to endorser for verification and send to CR1 containing secondary signal estimate Calibration information; After receiving the calibration information from IoT receiver IR3, S24 cellular receiver CR1 completes the final calibration of the signal and obtains a more accurate signal estimate and the corresponding bit error rate CR1 generates a new certificate and submits it to the endorser again; After the S25 cooperation is completed, CR1 sends a request to R3 to stop the RIS service. IR3 confirms the request and updates its own status to available, ready to accept new requests.

2. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S11, the method in which the cellular receiver CR1 calculates the weight of the candidate node is as follows: Where M is a fixed adjustment factor, cred i is ID i Credit score, dist i It is CR1 and ID i The distance between them, n is the signal attenuation coefficient of the secondary link.

3. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S14, the improvement degree of the main link is evaluated by comparing the channel quality before and after the cooperation. The credit score of IR3 changes accordingly according to the change of the channel quality. The change rule of the credit score cred_IR3 of IR3 is as follows: if The main link is considered to have effectively improved the channel quality; in this case, the chain code will increase the credit of IR3 according to the following rules: Where cred_base I is a fixed adjustment factor, is the improvement threshold.

4. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step S25, a contribution check for the joint demodulation of CR1 and IR3 is also included: if IR3 successfully demodulates the secondary signal, the credit of CR1 will increase by a certain value; otherwise, if the bit error rate exceeds the set threshold, indicating that CR1 fails to effectively support the demodulation of IR3, the credit of CR1 will be reduced accordingly.

5. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: based on The chain code checks whether the bit error rate of the secondary link is below the threshold, i.e. If the inspection requirements are met, it is considered S in IR3 s The demodulation is successful, indicating that CR1 provides valid decoding information as promised, and CR1's credit cred_CR1 increases by a fixed value; exist and In the case of , the credit of CR1 will increase by a fixed value and decrease by a fixed value; exist and In this case, the credit values ​​of CR1 and IR3 remain unchanged.

6. The blockchain-based symbiotic wireless network cooperative communication method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: based on The chain code checks whether the PER bit error rate of the main chain has been further significantly improved. The method is as follows: if It is believed that the information of IR3 is helpful to S P Calibrated, so the confidence of IR3 increases as follows: Where cred_base3 is a fixed adjustment factor; exist In this case, IR cannot provide valid calibration information to CR1, and the credit of IR3 is reduced; for In this case, the IR's credit remains unchanged.

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