Transmission energy distribution between different radios

Abstract

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for transmit energy distribution. A method executable by a wireless device includes establishing a first wireless communication connection and a second wireless communication connection; and allocating available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection by: allocating a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; allocating a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and allocating a third portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection and / or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on energy efficiencies of the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 468,865 filed on September 18, 2023, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 516,787 filed on July 31, 2023, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 377,459 filed on September 28, 2022, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to radio frequency (RF) exposure compliance. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations or one or more network access nodes, each base station or network access node simultaneously supporting communication for multiple communication devices, which may be further referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0005] Modern wireless devices, such as cellular phones, are generally mandated to meet radio frequency (RF) exposure limits set by certain government and international standards and regulations. To ensure compliance with the standards, such devices currently must undergo an extensive certification process before they can be placed on the market. In order to ensure that wireless devices comply with RF exposure limits, technologies have been developed that enable wireless devices to assess the RF exposure from the wireless device and adjust the transmit power of the wireless device accordingly to comply with the RF exposure limits. For example, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the maximum permitted exposure (MPE) are regulatory constraints on the transmit power of signals transmitted by the UE for sub-6 / LTE communications and millimeter wave (mmW) communications, respectively. However, in the context of multiple radios, maintaining compliance with regulatory constraints such as SAR and MPE can be much more difficult. Summary of the invention

[0006] Some aspects of the present disclosure are summarized below to provide a basic understanding of the technology discussed. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all expected features of the present disclosure, and is neither intended to identify the key or important elements of all aspects of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to describe the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. The sole purpose of this summary is to give some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in a summarized form as a preface to more specific embodiments given later. In this regard, the systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure each have several aspects, wherein no single aspect is solely responsible for its desired characteristics. Without limiting the scope of the present disclosure as expressed in the attached claims, some features will now be briefly discussed. After considering this discussion, and especially after reading the chapter entitled "Specific Implementation", people will understand how the features of the present disclosure provide advantages including improved wireless communication performance and / or efficient energy allocation between radios.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes establishing a first wireless communication connection; establishing a second wireless communication connection; and allocating available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in the following manner: allocating a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; allocating a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and allocating a third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0008] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes a memory; a transceiver; and a processor that communicates with the memory and the transceiver, wherein the UE is configured to establish a first wireless communication connection; establish a second wireless communication connection; and allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in the following manner: allocate a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; allocate a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and allocate a third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0009] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) includes a component for establishing a first wireless communication connection; a component for establishing a second wireless communication connection; and a component for allocating available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection, the component for allocating available energy including a component for allocating a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; a component for allocating a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and a component for allocating a third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0010] In an additional aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having recorded thereon program code for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE), the program code including code for causing the UE to establish a first wireless communication connection; code for causing the UE to establish a second wireless communication connection; and code for causing the UE to allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection, including code for causing the UE to allocate a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; code for causing the UE to allocate a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and code for causing the UE to allocate a third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0011] In order to achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described in full below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings elaborate on some exemplary features of this one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects can be adopted. In this regard, other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art after reviewing the following description of specific exemplary aspects of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Although the features of the present invention may be discussed below with respect to certain aspects and the accompanying drawings, all aspects of the present invention may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more aspects may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used according to the various aspects of the present invention discussed herein. In a similar manner, although the exemplary aspects may be discussed below as aspects of devices, systems or methods, it should be understood that such exemplary aspects may be implemented in various devices, systems and methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to understand the above-mentioned features of the present disclosure in detail, a more specific description briefly summarized above can be obtained by referring to some aspects illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the accompanying drawings only illustrate some typical aspects of the present disclosure and are therefore not considered to be limiting of its scope, because the specification may admit other equally effective aspects. In this regard, after reviewing the description of the specific exemplary examples of the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, other aspects, features and examples of the present invention will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. Although the features of the present invention may be discussed below for certain examples and drawings, all specific implementations of the present invention may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, although one or more examples may be discussed to have certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used according to various other examples of the present invention discussed herein. In a similar manner, although the exemplary examples may be discussed below as device, system or method implementation schemes, it should be understood that such exemplary examples may be implemented in various devices, systems and methods.

[0013] Figure 1 A wireless communication network according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0014] Figure 2 A base station (BS) and a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0015] Figure 3 A radio frequency (RF) transceiver according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0016] Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C Transmit power over time in compliance with RF exposure limits according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 5 Grouping of multiple antennas of a wireless communication device according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0018] Figure 6 Power distribution configurations according to some aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0019] Figure 7 An energy monitoring scheme 700 for power allocation based at least in part on a transmit schedule for a wireless communication connection is illustrated in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 8 A signaling diagram illustrating a wireless communication method 800 according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a user equipment (UE) according to some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig.10 A flow chart illustrating a wireless communication method 1000 according to some aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0023] To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements disclosed in one aspect may be beneficially utilized on other aspects without specific recitation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to limit radiation exposure to human tissue, some wireless devices (e.g., user equipment (UE)) must comply with various constraints set by regulatory agencies (such as the Federal Communications Commission). For example, the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) are regulatory constraints on the transmit power of signals transmitted by the UE for sub-6 / long term evolution (LTE) communications and millimeter wave (mmW) communications, respectively. In order to maintain compliance with these constraints, the UE may monitor the transmit power using a time average mode (e.g., by monitoring the time average transmit power (moving time average) for uplink communications and adjusting the transmit power to maintain compliance) and / or a peak mode (e.g., ensuring that any transmit power does not exceed a maximum limit).

[0025] However, when multiple radios are used, including in the context of dual connectivity, carrier aggregation, and / or multi-SIM scenarios, maintaining compliance with regulatory constraints such as SAR and MPE is much more difficult. In such cases, a UE may communicate via multiple wireless communication connections (e.g., links), where the total transmit power across the UE may be split between the respective wireless communication connections. Some techniques for maintaining transmit power compliance include allocating transmit power across multiple wireless communication connections based on which wireless communication connections include voice traffic. However, these conventional techniques may reduce uplink throughput at the UE when a link including voice traffic is energy inefficient relative to another wireless communication connection.

[0026] Thus, aspects of the present disclosure support techniques for dynamically allocating transmit power (e.g., available energy) across multiple wireless communication connections at a UE (e.g., to radios associated with each wireless communication connection) based at least in part on the relative energy efficiency of each of the wireless communication connections. For example, a UE may communicate via a first wireless communication connection and a second wireless communication connection. In this example, the UE may allocate transmit power to each of the wireless communication connections based on a comparison of the energy efficiency associated with each of the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection. For example, if the first wireless communication connection exhibits higher energy efficiency (e.g., higher energy efficiency) than the second wireless communication connection, the UE may allocate higher transmit power to the first wireless communication connection in order to increase the uplink throughput of the UE while maintaining compliance with relevant regulatory constraints (e.g., SAR, MPE). According to the present disclosure, the method may be applied to any number of wireless communication connections / radios.

[0027] In some instances, the UE may adjust the amount of energy allocated to the radios associated with the wireless communication connections in an attempt to equalize the energy efficiency of each of the wireless communication connections. That is, the UE may allocate energy between the wireless communication connections in an attempt to minimize the difference between the energy efficiencies of the wireless communication connections. In this regard, the UE may evaluate the energy efficiency of each wireless communication connection based on one or more of the following: the amount of energy required to send a certain amount of data over the wireless communication connection (e.g., energy per byte), the power compliance limit associated with the wireless communication connection (e.g., P max , P limit The term "energy efficiency" may refer to one or more parameters and / or calculations that directly or indirectly indicate the amount of energy used by a device to send a certain amount of data.

[0028] In some instances, the UE may determine and / or evaluate the energy efficiency of each wireless communication connection during one or more monitoring periods or energy measurement periods. In some aspects, the energy measurement period may be periodic (e.g., occurring every 100 ms, 500 ms, 1000 ms, or other suitable intervals). In some instances, the UE may determine that for one or more of the wireless communication connections, the energy efficiency from the previous energy measurement period rather than the current energy measurement period is determined or calculated. For example, in some instances, the current energy measurement period may not be suitable for use as an indicator of the efficiency of the wireless communication connection. For example, if the energy measurement period does not include any UL grants and / or UL data, the energy measurement period includes insufficient UL grants and / or UL data (e.g., less than (or equal to) a threshold number of UL grants and / or less than (or equal to) a threshold amount of UL data), and / or one or more antennas are switched to different antenna groups / radios during the energy measurement period, the energy measurement period may not provide an accurate indication of the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection. In such instances, the UE may utilize the energy efficiency from the previous energy measurement period (e.g., the most recent energy measurement period in which a suitable energy efficiency was determined). The UE may continue to utilize energy efficiencies from a previous energy measurement period until the time period expires (eg, based on a time correlation associated with the wireless communication connection, a predetermined amount of time, a timer, etc.).

[0029] In some instances, the UE may allocate available energy between wireless communication connections based at least in part on a default energy allocation. For example, in some instances, after establishing a second (or third or additional) wireless communication connection, the UE may initially allocate energy between radios associated with the wireless communication connection according to the default energy allocation. Similarly, immediately after handover, the UE may allocate energy between radios associated with the wireless communication connection according to the default energy allocation. In addition, if the UE is utilizing energy efficiency from a previous energy measurement period and an associated time period for using the previous energy measurement period expires (e.g., based on a time correlation associated with the wireless communication connection, a predetermined amount of time, a timer, etc.), the UE may revert to using the default energy allocation until an energy measurement period suitable for use as an indicator of the efficiency of the wireless communication connection occurs.

[0030] Aspects of the present disclosure are applicable to various types of radio access technologies (RATs), including, but not limited to, wireless wide area networks (WWANs) (e.g., long term evolution (LTE) or fifth generation new radio (5G NR)), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 (e.g., WiFi), satellite communications, device-to-device (e.g., sidelink) communications, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and the like. In this regard, as used herein, a radio or wireless communication connection may refer to one or more active frequency bands, transceivers, and / or radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., code division multiple access (CDMA), LTE, NR, IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth, and the like) used for wireless communication. For example, for uplink carrier aggregation in LTE and / or NR, each of the active component carriers used for wireless communication may be considered a separate radio or wireless communication connection. Similarly, multi-band transmissions of IEEE 802.11 communications or other multi-band communications may be considered a separate radio or wireless communication connection for each frequency band (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz). Likewise, for multi-SIM transmissions, transmissions via each SIM may be considered a separate radio or wireless communication connection.The techniques of this disclosure are applicable to a wide range of communication applications, including full buffer applications (eg, iPerf communications) and / or bursty applications (eg, gaming communications).

[0031] Apparatus and methods for allocating transmit energy between different wireless communication connections / radios as described herein may facilitate improved wireless communication performance (e.g., improved signal quality at the receiver, lower latency, higher throughput, etc.). For example, a wireless device may allocate a portion of the minimum reserved energy to a radio that is actively transmitting based on the functionality of the radio (e.g., basic functions), and allocate any remaining portion of the minimum reserved energy and / or any available excess energy based on the energy efficiency of the radio. Such allocation may allow the radio to actively transmit to obtain energy levels that facilitate improved wireless communication performance, including in the context of multi-RAT, dual connectivity, carrier aggregation, multi-band, multi-SIM, and / or combinations thereof, while complying with applicable radio exposure requirements.

[0032] The following description provides an example of energy distribution between radio / wireless communication connections for RF exposure compliance in a wireless communication system, without limiting the scope, applicability or examples set forth in the claims. Without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the functions and arrangements of the elements discussed may be changed. Each example may ignore, replace or add each process or component as appropriate. For example, the method described may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such devices or methods practiced using other structures, functionality, or structures and functionality that are supplemented or substituted for the various aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of the present claims. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having an advantage over other aspects.

[0033] Generally speaking, any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless network may support a specific radio access technology (RAT) and may operate on one or more frequencies. RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc. Frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, a subband, etc. Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area (e.g., to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs) or may support multiple RATs.

[0034] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless networks and radio technologies. Although various aspects may be described herein using terms commonly associated with 3G, 4G, and / or new radio (e.g., 5G NR) wireless technologies, various aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to communication systems based on other generations and / or to wireless technologies such as 802.11, 802.15, etc.

[0035] NR access can support various wireless communication services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) targeting wide bandwidth (e.g., 80 MHz or greater), millimeter wave (mmWave) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g., 24 GHz to 53 GHz or greater), massive machine type communication MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC technology, and / or mission critical services targeting ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). These services may include latency and reliability requirements. These services may also have different transmission time intervals (TTIs) to achieve corresponding quality of service (QoS) requirements. In addition, these services can coexist in the same subframe. NR supports beamforming and can dynamically configure beam directions. Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission using precoding can also be supported as multi-layer transmission. Aggregation of multiple cells can be supported.

[0036] Example Wireless Communications Networks and Devices

[0037] Figure 1 An example wireless communication network 100 is illustrated in which aspects of the present disclosure may be performed. For example, the wireless communication network 100 may be a NR system (e.g., a 5G NR network), an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) system (e.g., a 4G network), a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) (e.g., a 2G / 3G network), or a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system (e.g., a 2G / 3G network), or may be configured for communication according to one or more of the IEEE standards such as the 802.11 standard. Figure 1 As shown, UE 120a includes an RF exposure manager 122 that uses reservations assigned to radios per antenna group to ensure RF exposure compliance, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown in , the wireless communication network 100 may include several BSs 110a-110z (each BS is also referred to herein individually as BS 110 or collectively as BS 110) and other network entities. BS 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographic area (sometimes referred to as a "cell"), which may be stationary or may move depending on the location of the mobile BS 110. In some examples, BS 110 may be interconnected with each other and / or connected to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless communication network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces (e.g., direct physical connections, wireless communication connections, virtual networks, etc.) using any suitable transport network. Figure 1In the illustrated example, BSs 110a, 110b, and 110c may be macro BSs for macro cells 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. BS 110x may be a pico BS for pico cell 102x. BSs 110y and 110z may be femto BSs for femto cells 102y and 102z, respectively. A BS may support one or more cells.

[0039] BS 110 communicates with UEs 120a-120y (each also individually referred to herein as UE 120 or collectively referred to as UE 120) in the wireless communication network 100. UEs 120 (e.g., 120x, 120y, etc.) may be dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. The wireless communication network 100 may also include a relay station (e.g., relay station 110r) (also referred to as a relay, etc.) that receives transmissions of data and / or other information from an upstream station (e.g., BS 110a or UE 120r) and transmits the transmissions of the data and / or other information to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or BS 110), or relays transmissions between UEs 120 to facilitate communication between devices.

[0040] The network controller 130 may communicate with a set of BSs 110 and provide coordination and control (e.g., via backhaul) for these BSs 110. In some cases, such as in a 5G NR system, the network controller 130 may include a centralized unit (CU) and / or a distributed unit (DU). In various aspects, the network controller 130 may communicate with a core network 132 (e.g., a 5G core network (5GC)), which provides various network functions such as access and mobility management, session management, user plane functions, policy control functions, authentication server functions, unified data management, application functions, network exposure functions, network repository functions, network slice selection functions, etc.

[0041] In some instances, BS 110 may have a decomposed architecture that includes one or more central units (CUs) that may communicate directly with a core network via a backhaul link, or indirectly with a core network through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework, or both. The CU may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU may communicate with a corresponding UE 120 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs.

[0042] Figure 2 1. The BS 110a and UE 120a (eg, Figure 1 Example components of a wireless communication network 100).

[0043] At BS 110a, transmit processor 220 may receive data from data source 212 and control information from controller / processor 240. Control information may be used for physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), group common PDCCH (GCPDCCH), etc. Data may be used for physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc. Medium access control (MAC)-control element (MAC-CE) is a MAC layer communication structure that may be used for control command exchange between wireless nodes. MAC-CE may be carried in a shared channel such as PDSCH, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), or physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH).

[0044] The processor 220 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. The transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols such as for a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), a PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS), and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., pre-decoding) on ​​data symbols, control symbols, and / or reference symbols (where applicable), and may provide an output symbol stream to a modulator (MOD) in a transceiver 232a-232t. Each modulator in the transceiver 232a-232t may process a corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain an output sample stream. Each transceiver in the transceiver 232a-232t may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and up-convert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from transceivers 232a-232t may be transmitted via antennas 234a-234t, respectively.

[0045] At UE 120a, antennas 252a-252r may receive downlink signals from BS 110a and may provide received signals to transceivers 254a-254r, respectively. Transceivers 254a-254r may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) the corresponding received signals to obtain input samples. Each demodulator (DEMOD) in transceivers 232a-232t may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) to obtain received symbols. MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all demodulators in transceivers 254a-254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (where applicable), and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120a to data sink 260, and provide decoded control information to controller / processor 280.

[0046] On the uplink, at the UE 120a, a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 (e.g., for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)) and control information from a controller / processor 280 (e.g., for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH)). The transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., for a sounding reference signal (SRS)). The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be pre-decoded by a TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, further processed by a modulator (MOD) 254a-254r in the transceiver (e.g., for SC-FDM, etc.), and transmitted to the BS 110a. At BS 110a, the uplink signal from UE 120a may be received by antenna 234, processed by demodulators in transceivers 232a-232t, detected by MIMO detector 236 (if applicable), and further processed by receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information transmitted by UE 120a. Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller / processor 240.

[0047] Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for BS 110a and UE 120a, respectively.A scheduler 244 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.

[0048] The antennas 252, processors 266, 258, 264 and / or controller / processor 280 of the UE 120a and / or the antennas 234, processors 220, 230, 238 and / or controller / processor 240 of the BS 110a may be used to perform the various techniques and methods described herein. Figure 2 As shown, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120a has an RF exposure manager 281 that represents the RF exposure manager 122, in accordance with aspects described herein. Although shown at the controller / processor, other components of the UE 120a and BS 110a may be used to perform the operations described herein.

[0049] NR can use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. NR can use time division duplex (TDD) to support half-duplex operation. OFDM and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) divide the system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, frequency bands, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. Modulation symbols can be transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers can depend on the system bandwidth. The system bandwidth can also be divided into subbands. For example, one subband can cover multiple resource blocks (RBs).

[0050] Although relative to Figure 1 and Figure 2 UE 120a is described as communicating with a BS and / or within a network, but UE 120a may be configured to communicate / transmit directly to another UE 120 or directly to another wireless device without relaying the communication through a network. Figure 2 The BS 110 a illustrated in FIG. 4 and described above is an example of another UE 120 .

[0051] Example RF Transceiver

[0052] Figure 3 is a block diagram of an example RF transceiver circuit 300 according to certain aspects of the present disclosure. The RF transceiver circuit 300 includes at least one transmit (TX) path 302 (also referred to as a transmit chain) for transmitting signals via one or more antennas 306 and at least one receive (RX) path 304 (also referred to as a receive chain) for receiving signals via antenna 306. When TX path 302 and RX path 304 share antenna 306, these paths can be connected to the antenna via interface 308, which can include any of a variety of suitable RF devices, such as switches, duplexers, diplexers, multiplexers, etc.

[0053] Receiving an in-phase (I) or quadrature (Q) baseband analog signal from a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 310, the TX path 302 may include a baseband filter (BBF) 312, a mixer 314, a driver amplifier (DA) 316, and a power amplifier (PA) 318. The BBF 312, the mixer 314, and the DA 316 may be included in one or more radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs). For some implementations, the PA 318 may be external to the RFIC.

[0054] The BBF 312 filters the baseband signal received from the DAC 310, and the mixer 314 mixes the filtered baseband signal with a transmit local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the baseband signal of interest to a different frequency (e.g., upconvert from baseband to radio frequency). This frequency conversion process produces sum and difference frequencies between the LO frequency and the frequency of the baseband signal of interest. The sum and difference frequencies are referred to as beat frequencies. The beat frequencies are typically in the RF range, so that the signal output by the mixer 314 is typically an RF signal, which may be amplified by the DA 316 and / or by the PA 318 before being transmitted through the antenna 306. Although one mixer 314 is illustrated, several mixers may be used to upconvert the filtered baseband signal to one or more intermediate frequencies and thereafter upconvert the intermediate frequency signal to a frequency for transmission.

[0055] The RX path 304 may include a low noise amplifier (LNA) 324, a mixer 326, and a baseband filter (BBF) 328. The LNA 324, the mixer 326, and the BBF 328 may be included in one or more RFICs, which may be the same RFIC as the RFIC that includes the TX path components, or may be a different RFIC. The RF signal received via the antenna 306 may be amplified by the LNA 324, and the mixer 326 mixes the amplified RF signal with a receive local oscillator (LO) signal to convert the RF signal of interest to a different baseband frequency (e.g., down-convert). The baseband signal output by the mixer 326 may be filtered by the BBF 328 before being converted to a digital I or Q signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 330 for digital signal processing.

[0056] Some transceivers may use a frequency synthesizer with a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) to generate a stable, tunable LO with a specific tuning range. Thus, the transmit LO may be generated by a TX frequency synthesizer 320, which may be buffered or amplified by an amplifier 322 before being mixed with the baseband signal in a mixer 314. Similarly, the receive LO may be generated by an RX frequency synthesizer 332, which may be buffered or amplified by an amplifier 334 before being mixed with the RF signal in a mixer 326.

[0057] The controller 336 may direct the operation of the RF transceiver circuit 300, such as transmitting signals via the TX path 302 and / or receiving signals via the RX path 304. The controller 336 may be a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The memory 338 may store data and program code for operating the RF transceiver circuit 300. The controller 336 and / or the memory 338 may include control logic. In some cases, the controller 336 may determine the transmit power (e.g., a specific gain level at the PA 318) applied to the TX path 302 that complies with RF exposure limits set by country-specific regulations and / or international standards, as further described herein.

[0058] Example RF Exposure Compliance

[0059] RF exposure can be expressed in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR), which measures the energy absorbed per unit mass of human tissue and may have units of watts per kilogram (W / kg). RF exposure can also be expressed in terms of power density (PD), which measures the energy absorbed per unit area and may have units of mW / cm 2 In some cases, a maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limit (in the form of PD) may be imposed on wireless devices using transmit frequencies above 6 GHz. MPE limits are area-based exposure regulatory metrics, such as energy density limits, which are defined as the number of watts per square meter (W / m2) averaged over a defined area and time-averaged over a frequency-dependent time window. 2 )) to prevent hazardous human exposure represented by changes in tissue temperature.

[0060] SAR may be used to assess RF exposure for transmission frequencies less than 6 GHz, which covers wireless communication technologies such as 2G / 3G (e.g., CDMA), 4G (e.g., LTE), 5G (e.g., NR in the 6 GHz band), IEEE 802.11ac, etc. PD may be used to assess RF exposure for transmission frequencies above 6 GHz, which covers wireless communication technologies such as IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 5G in the millimeter wave band, etc. Thus, different metrics may be used to assess RF exposure for different wireless communication technologies and / or frequency ranges.

[0061] A wireless device (e.g., UE 120) may use multiple wireless communication technologies to send signals simultaneously. For example, a wireless device may use a first wireless communication technology (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, etc.) operating at or below 6 GHz and a second wireless communication technology (e.g., millimeter wave 5G in a 24 GHz to 60 GHz band, IEEE 802.11ad or 802.11ay) operating above 6 GHz to send signals simultaneously (or within a common transmission window). In some aspects, a wireless device may use a first wireless communication technology (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G, IEEE 802.11ac, etc. in a band below 6 GHz) (where RF exposure is measured in SAR) and a second wireless communication technology (e.g., 5G, IEEE 802.11ad, 802.11ay, etc. in a 24 GHz to 60 GHz band) (where RF exposure is measured in PD) to send signals simultaneously (or within a common transmission window). As used herein, sub-6 GHz frequency bands may include frequency bands from 300 MHz to 6,000 MHz in some examples, and may include frequency bands within the range of 6,000 MHz and / or 7,000 MHz in some examples.

[0062] In some cases, compliance with RF exposure limits may be performed as a time-averaged RF exposure assessment over a specified time window (T) associated with the RF exposure limit (e.g., 2 seconds for the 60 GHz band, 100 seconds or 360 seconds for bands ≤ 6 GHz, etc.). Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C Transmit power over time in compliance with RF exposure limits according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0063] Figure 4A Graph 400A includes transmit power (P(t)) over time as it varies within a time window (T) associated with RF exposure limits in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As an example, during certain transmit opportunities within the time window (T), the instantaneous transmit power may exceed a maximum time-averaged transmit power level P(t). limit That is, the transmission power can be greater than the maximum time average transmission power level P limit In some cases, the UE can P max Send, P max is the maximum transmit power supported by the UE. In some cases, at some transmission opportunities, the UE can be less than or equal to the maximum time-averaged transmit power level P limit The maximum time average transmit power level P limit represents the time-averaged threshold value in terms of transmit power for RF exposure limit within a time window (T), and in some cases, Plimit This may be referred to as a maximum time average power level or limit, or in terms of exposure, a maximum time average RF exposure level or limit. Graph 400A also illustrates gaps between transmit bursts, where these gaps represent periods during which no transmission is being output from the device.

[0064] In some cases, the transmit power may be maintained at a maximum time-averaged transmit power level (e.g., P) allowed for RF exposure compliance that enables continuous transmission during the time window. limit ).For example, Figure 4B A graph 400B including transmit power (P(t)) over time illustrates a case where the transmit power is limited to P limit As shown in the figure, the UE can follow the RF exposure limit to P limit Send continuously.

[0065] Figure 4C 400C includes a graph of transmit power (P(t)) over time illustrating a time-averaged pattern that provides reserved power to enable continuous transmission within a time window (T) in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure. As shown, the transmit power can be increased from a maximum instantaneous power (P max ) falls back to the reserved power (P reserve ), so that the UE can continue to operate at a lower power (P reserve ) to maintain continuous transmission (e.g., maintain a radio connection with the receiving entity) during the time window. Figure 4C In P max The duration between P max and P reserve The area between can be equal to the area between P and limit and P reserve The area between Figure 4C The area of ​​transmit power (P(t)) in t is equal to the area of ​​Plimit in the time window T. This area can be considered as using 100% of the energy (transmit power or exposure) to maintain compliance with the time-averaged RF exposure limit. reserve In the case of max The transmitter is turned off during the remainder of the time window to ensure compliance with the time-averaged RF exposure limits. reserve A fixed power set to serve a certain purpose (e.g., reserving power for certain communications). maxThe transmission duration under P may be referred to as the burst transmission time (or high power duration). When more margin is available in the future (after T seconds), the transmitter may be allowed to transmit again at a higher power (e.g., at P max (sent in short bursts below).

[0066] In some respects, Figure 4C In the time average mode illustrated in FIG, the UE can be above the average power level but less than P max Although Figure 4C A single transmit burst is illustrated in FIG. 1 , but it should be understood that the UE may alternatively utilize multiple transmit bursts within the time window (T), such as described herein with respect to Figure 4A The transmit bursts may be maintained at a transmit power equal to or lower than P reserve In addition, it should be understood that the transmit power of each transmit burst may vary (within a burst and / or compared to other bursts), and at least a portion of the burst may be above a maximum average power level (e.g., P limit ) power to send.

[0067] Although FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C Continuous transmission within a window, opportunity, burst, etc. is illustrated, but it should be understood that a transmission duty cycle can be implemented. In such a specific implementation, the transmission power may be periodically zero and maintained at a higher level during other parts of the duty cycle (e.g., as FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C As used herein, a duty cycle of a transmission may refer to a portion (e.g., 5 ms) of a particular period (e.g., 500 ms) in which one or more signals are transmitted. In some cases, the duty cycle may be standardized (e.g., predetermined) with a particular RAT and / or may change over time, for example due to changes in radio conditions, mobility, and / or user behavior.

[0068] In some cases, a wireless device may evaluate RF exposure compliance with respect to one or more antenna groups, where an antenna group may be a collection of antennas and / or antenna modules. Antenna groups may be mutually exclusive with respect to RF exposure. For example, a wireless device may evaluate RF exposure compliance of an antenna group independent of RF exposure compliance of another antenna group. Antennas and / or antenna modules may support multiple RATs.

[0069] Figure 5The grouping of multiple antennas of a wireless communication device 500 according to certain aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In this example, the wireless communication device 500 (e.g., UE 120, such as a smartphone, or any wireless communication device described herein) includes a first antenna 502a, a second antenna 502b, a third antenna 502c, a fourth antenna 502d, a fifth antenna 502e, a sixth antenna 502f, and a seventh antenna 502g. The antennas 502a-502g are arranged into three antenna groups 504, 506, 508, which generally correspond to the top of the wireless communication device 500, the bottom of the wireless communication device 500, and the side of the wireless communication device 500 when the wireless communication device 500 is held in an upright position. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that more or less than seven antennas may be implemented, and / or more or less than three antenna groups may be defined. Each of the illustrated antennas 502a-502g may represent a single antenna, an antenna array (e.g., a phased array), or a module including one or more antennas. Antenna groups 504, 506, 508 may each include one or more antennas configured to transmit in a certain frequency band (e.g., very high (e.g., millimeter wave band), high (e.g., 6 GHz to 7 GHz band), medium (e.g., 3 GHz to 6 GHz band), or low (e.g., 400 MHz to 3 GHz band)), or the antenna groups may each include one or more antennas configured to transmit in multiple frequency bands.

[0070] In some aspects, the antenna groupings described herein may be assigned to various antenna groupings (such as millimeter wave groupings, sub-6 GHz groupings, low-band groupings (e.g., 400 MHz to 3 GHz bands), mixed-mode groupings (e.g., millimeter wave and sub-6 GHz groupings), multi-RAT groupings (e.g., WWAN and WLAN), groupings for different exposure scenarios and / or device positions relative to the user's body, etc.), for example, for different transmission scenarios. For example, under the millimeter wave grouping, each millimeter wave module (e.g., the first antenna 502a, the third antenna 502c, and the fifth antenna 502e) may be considered as a separate antenna group, where each millimeter wave module may have multiple antenna elements (e.g., 64 dual-polarized antenna elements) arranged in one or more arrays. The millimeter wave module may be able to transmit various beams via predetermined antenna configurations, where the beams may form a codebook. Under the sub-6 GHz grouping, the sub-6 GHz antennas may be grouped into separate groups. For example, the second antenna 502b and the fourth antenna 502d may be assigned to one group, and the sixth antenna 502f and the seventh antenna 502g may be assigned to another group. In some cases, the antennas 502a-502g may be assigned to a mixed mode grouping, such as three antenna groups 504, 506, 508. As illustrated, each antenna may be included in a separate antenna group, or one or more antennas may be included in multiple antenna groups. In the illustrated example, the fourth antenna 502d is part of both antenna groups 504 and 508. Therefore, in some aspects, the fourth antenna 502d can be switched between operating as part of antenna group 504 and operating as part of antenna group 508.

[0071] Antenna groups may be defined and / or operated so as to be mutually exclusive in terms of RF exposure. In certain aspects, the transmit power of one or more of the antenna groups (or one or more of the antennas within one or more groups) may be reduced so that the (normalized) sum of the exposure or overlapping RF exposure distributions of all antenna groups is less than a certain value (e.g., 1.0). In certain cases, the wireless device may evaluate the RF exposure compliance of two radios of a specific RAT (e.g., LTE or 5GNR) or a class of RATs (such as WWAN access technologies (e.g., LTE and 5GNR)). The wireless device may be configured with a minimum reservation.

[0072] Figure 6A power allocation configuration 600 according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The power allocation configuration 600 includes a total available energy 602. The total available energy 602 may be the total amount of energy available for allocation to one or more radios within a certain duration (e.g., a transmit opportunity or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit). The total available energy 602 may be the total amount of energy available for allocation to one or more radios associated with a common antenna group (e.g., antenna groups 504, 506, 508). The total available energy 602 may include a minimum reserved energy 604 and excess energy 606. As used herein, "minimum reserved" or "reserved" may refer to a minimum level of transmit power allocated to one or more radios within a certain duration (e.g., a transmit opportunity or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit). The minimum reserved energy 604 may be configured in terms of a normalized exposure level. In some instances, the size of the minimum reserved energy 604 may be determined and / or set by a device manufacturer or operator. In some aspects, the minimum reserved energy 604 can be between about 0.1 and about 0.9 of the total available energy 602, including but not limited to 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.75. Excess energy 606 can refer to the remaining energy in the total available energy 602 that is not part of the minimum reserved energy 604.

[0073] In some examples, the minimum reserved energy 604 and / or the excess energy 606 may be allocated between two or more radios. For example, when multiple wireless communication connections associated with a radio are active, the minimum reserved energy 604 and / or the excess energy 606 may be split between the multiple radios. When multiple radios are transmitting simultaneously, the wireless device may divide the minimum reserve between the radios.

[0074] In some examples, the wireless device may allocate a first portion 608 of the minimum reserved energy 604 to the first wireless communication connection / radio based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection. The first portion 608 of the minimum reserved energy 604 may be an amount of energy required by the first wireless communication connection / radio to perform the one or more functionalities. In this regard, the functionality may include control channel functionality, random access channel functionality, voice, communication functionality, video communication functionality, signaling radio bearer (SRB) functionality, and / or other functionality.

[0075] In some instances, the wireless device may allocate a second portion 610 of the minimum reserved energy 604 to the second wireless communication connection / radio based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection. The second portion 610 of the minimum reserved energy 604 may be an amount of energy required by the second wireless communication connection / radio to perform the one or more functionalities. In this regard, the functionality may include control channel functionality, random access channel functionality, voice, communication functionality, video communication functionality, signaling radio bearer (SRB) functionality, and / or other functionality.

[0076] In some examples, the wireless device may allocate a third portion 612 of the minimum reserved energy 604 to at least one of the first wireless communication connection / radio or the second wireless communication connection / radio based at least in part on energy efficiencies of the first wireless communication connection / radio and the second wireless communication connection / radio. In this regard, if the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is greater than the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection (i.e., more energy efficient), the wireless device may allocate more (or all) of the third portion 612 of the minimum reserved energy 604 to the first radio. Similarly, if the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is greater than the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection (i.e., more energy efficient), the wireless device may allocate more (or all) of the third portion 612 of the minimum reserved energy 604 to the second radio.

[0077] In some instances, the allocation of the first portion 608 and the second portion 610 of the minimum reserved energy 604 may equal (or exceed) the minimum reserved energy 604, such that there is no third portion 612 of the minimum reserved energy 604 to allocate. In such instances, the UE may not allocate any portion of the minimum reserved energy 604 based on the efficiency of the wireless connection. However, according to aspects of the present disclosure, the UE may allocate an available portion of the excess energy 606 based on the efficiency of the wireless connection (e.g., all of the excess energy 606 or a remaining portion of the excess energy 606 after addressing any overflow of energy allocation to the wireless communication connection that could not be achieved based on the minimum reserved energy 604).

[0078] In a dual radio transmission scenario (e.g., LTE or NR inter-band carrier aggregation, dual connectivity, etc.) or other multi-radio transmission scenarios where two or more radios are transmitting simultaneously (e.g., in the same antenna group), the amount of energy allocated to each radio may be based on the portion of the minimum reserved energy 604 allocated to the antenna group and the split ratio (e.g., the percentage of energy allocated between the primary radio and the secondary radio). In another dual radio transmission scenario, where two radios are transmitting simultaneously in different antenna groups, the two radios may be allocated at least the respective minimum reservations for the corresponding antenna groups. When only one radio is transmitting, the wireless device may allocate at least the entire minimum reserved energy 604 to the transmitting radio.

[0079] In some examples, the wireless device may allocate excess energy 606 to at least one of the first wireless communication connection / radio or the second wireless communication connection / radio based at least in part on energy efficiencies of the first wireless communication connection / radio and the second wireless communication connection / radio. In this regard, if the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is greater than the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection (i.e., is more energy efficient), the wireless device may allocate more (or all) of the excess energy 606 to the first radio. Similarly, if the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is greater than the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection (i.e., is more energy efficient), the wireless device may allocate more (or all) of the excess energy 606 to the second radio.

[0080] Although the power allocation configuration 600 has been described in the context of two wireless communication connections / radios, a similar approach can be used for any number of connections / radios (e.g., 3, 4, etc.). That is, the minimum reserved energy 604 can be divided between the radios based on one or more functionalities, and the remainder of the minimum reserved energy 604 (if any) can be allocated between the radios based at least in part on the relative energy efficiencies of the respective radios. Similarly, the excess energy 606 can be allocated between the connections / radios based at least in part on the relative energy efficiencies of the respective radios.

[0081] Various aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatus and methods for allocating transmit energy between multiple radios communicating via the same RAT or different RATs. For example, a wireless device may allocate minimum reserved energy between radios in an antenna group. In some cases, the radios in the antenna group may communicate via WWAN (e.g., LTE and 5G NR) and WLAN access technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.11). The wireless device may allocate minimum reserved energy between radios that will be actively transmitting at the same time. In some cases, a wireless device may be configured with a minimum reserved energy dedicated to one or more specific RATs (e.g., Bluetooth), where other radios in the antenna group may share the minimum reservation, as further described herein.

[0082] Figure 7 An energy monitoring scheme 700 for power allocation based at least in part on a transmit schedule for a wireless communication connection in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In this regard, aspects of the energy monitoring scheme 700 may be implemented in Figure 1 The wireless communication network 100 may be used in the context of and in conjunction with other aspects of the present disclosure, including Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C Compliance with RF exposure limits, Figure 5 Antenna grouping, Figure 6 Power distribution configuration 600, Figure 8 Wireless communication method 800 and / or Fig.10 Wireless communication method 1000.

[0083] In some examples, the wireless device (e.g., UE) may allocate available energy between the plurality of radios (e.g., the first radio 710 and the second radio 720) within each of a plurality of energy measurement periods 730 (e.g., 730a, 730b, 730c, 730d, etc.). In some aspects, the plurality of energy measurement periods 730 may occur periodically (e.g., every 100 ms, 500 ms, 1000 ms, or other suitable intervals). The plurality of energy measurement periods 730 may be consecutive (e.g., occurring back-to-back or directly adjacent to each other), such as Figure 7 As shown, or may be spaced apart in time from one another (eg, by fixed intervals or gap periods).

[0084] The wireless device may allocate available energy (e.g., minimum reserved energy and / or excess energy) for a current transmit opportunity and / or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit based on one or more previous energy measurement periods 730. For example, for a transmit opportunity immediately following an energy measurement period 730d, the wireless device may allocate available energy based on an immediately preceding energy measurement period (e.g., energy measurement period 730d) or an earlier energy measurement period (e.g., energy measurement period 730a, 730b, or 730c). In some instances, the wireless device determines and utilizes energy efficiency of the radios 710 and 720 based on communications (e.g., physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communications 712 and 722 and / or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communications 714 and 724) transmitted during the energy measurement period 730. The determination of energy efficiency may or may not include any padding included in the communications. In some instances, the determination of energy efficiency can be specific to transmissions associated with one or more medium access control (MAC) logical channel identifiers (LCIDs). For example, the wireless device can track the energy efficiency of voice on NR separately from the default bearer transmission. In addition, the techniques described with respect to uplink communications can be applied to downlink communications (e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) communications and / or physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) communications) for wireless devices with transmission regulatory requirements. In some instances, the wireless device determines and utilizes the energy efficiency of radios 710 and 720 based on the same energy measurement period 730. In some instances, the common energy measurement period is the current energy measurement period (e.g., the last energy measurement period before the transmission opportunity).

[0085] In some instances, for an initial energy measurement period (e.g., energy measurement period 730a) in the plurality of energy measurement periods 730, the wireless device may allocate available energy between the radios 710 and 720 based at least in part on a default energy allocation and / or an energy allocation statically configured in a file. That is, in some aspects, for energy allocation that occurs before information from the initial energy measurement period is available and / or processed, the wireless device may utilize a default energy allocation. In this regard, the default energy allocation may be an equal split of available energy and / or biased toward one or more of the radios (e.g., based on the type of RAT, antenna group, and / or other). The default energy allocation may be set by a device manufacturer and / or device operator. In some instances, the default energy allocation does not change unless the configuration is modified. In some aspects, energy efficiency may be a factor in determining the P of a radio. limit In some aspects, energy efficiency can take into account energy per byte sent.

[0086] In some instances, the wireless device determines and / or utilizes energy efficiency of the radio to dynamically allocate available energy based on different energy measurement periods (e.g., a first energy measurement period for the first radio 710 (e.g., energy measurement period 730d) and a second energy measurement period for the second radio 720 (e.g., energy measurement period 730c)). In some instances, the wireless device determines not to utilize the current energy measurement period to determine the energy efficiency of the radio based on the presence of one or more factors, including but not limited to: no uplink grants associated with the radio during the current energy measurement period; a number of uplink grants associated with the radio during the current energy measurement period does not meet a threshold; no physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communications sent by the radio during the current energy measurement period; and / or an associated MAC LCID is not sent during the current energy measurement period.

[0087] For example, a larger X within the energy measurement period 730b for the second radio 720 indicates that the wireless device determines not to utilize the energy measurement period 730b for the second radio 720. In this regard, the second radio 720 does not have any communications during the energy measurement period 730b (e.g., due to no uplink grants, no PUSCH communications in the buffer, an antenna associated with the second radio 720 is used for a different radio, and / or a handover occurs). Therefore, the wireless device may use the measurement period 730b for the first radio 710. That is, the wireless device may update the energy efficiency of the first radio 710 based on the measurement period 730b, but may not update the energy efficiency of the second radio 720 based on the measurement period 730b.

[0088] As another example, a large X within the energy measurement period 730c for the first radio 710 indicates that the wireless device determines not to utilize the energy measurement period 730c for the first radio 710. In this regard, the first radio 710 has both PUCCH and PUSCH communications during the energy measurement period 730c, but the wireless device may have determined that the energy measurement period 730c is not appropriate due to an insufficient number of uplink grants / communications (e.g., PUSCH communications 714c do not reach a threshold size) and / or the antenna associated with the first radio 710 is used for a different radio during the energy measurement period 730c. Therefore, the wireless device may use the measurement period 730c for the second radio 720. That is, the wireless device may update the energy efficiency of the second radio 720 based on the measurement period 730c, but not update the energy efficiency of the first radio 710 based on the measurement period 730c.

[0089] In some instances, the wireless device may continue to use the energy efficiency from the previous energy measurement period until the time period expires. In this regard, the time period for using the energy efficiency from the previous energy measurement period may be based on a time correlation associated with the radio (e.g., it may be based on the mobility of the UE and / or the connection strength for the radio) or at least one of a predetermined amount of time. For example, as shown, the first radio 710 may have a time period 740 during which the wireless device may continue to use the previous energy measurement period (e.g., energy measurement period 730b) in response to determining not to use the energy measurement period 730c. Similarly, the second radio 720 may have a time period 750 during which the wireless device may continue to use the previous energy measurement period (e.g., energy measurement period 730a) in response to determining not to use the energy measurement period 730b. When time period 740 and / or time period 750 expires, after handover of a serving cell (primary or secondary), and / or when the composition of activated / deactivated secondary serving cells is modified, the wireless device may utilize a default energy allocation until an energy measurement period occurs that is suitable for use as an indicator of the efficiency of the first radio 710 and the second radio 720, or may utilize an estimated energy efficiency metric for one or more radios (e.g., based on SNR, SINR, path loss, etc.) while performing energy allocation using the actual energy efficiency of one or more other radios.

[0090] Figure 8 A signaling diagram of a wireless communication method 800 according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In this regard, various aspects of the wireless communication method 800 may be implemented in Figure 1 The wireless communication network 100 may be used in the context of and in conjunction with other aspects of the present disclosure, including Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 4C Compliance with RF exposure limits, Figure 5 Antenna grouping, Figure 6 Power distribution configuration 600, Figure 7 Energy Monitoring Solution 700 and / or Fig.10 Wireless communication method 1000.

[0091] At action 805, UE 120 establishes a first wireless communication connection with a first wireless device (e.g., BS 110a). The first wireless communication connection may be associated with a first radio. The first radio may be associated with a first antenna group. The first radio may be associated with a first SIM. The first wireless communication connection may be associated with a wireless wide area network (WWAN) (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or fifth generation new radio (5G NR)) (including a WWAN primary serving cell (PCC) and / or a WWAN secondary serving cell (SCC)), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 (e.g., WiFi), satellite communication, device-to-device (e.g., sidelink) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc.

[0092] At action 810, UE 120 establishes a second wireless communication connection with a second wireless device (e.g., BS 110b). The second wireless communication connection may be associated with a second radio. The second radio may be associated with a first antenna group (i.e., the same antenna group as the first radio) or a second antenna group (e.g., a different antenna group from the first radio). The first radio may be associated with a first SIM (i.e., the same SIM as the first radio) or a second SIM (e.g., a different SIM from the first radio). The second wireless communication connection may be associated with a wireless wide area network (WWAN) (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR)), a replica Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 (e.g., WiFi), satellite communications, device-to-device (e.g., sidelink) communications, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, and the like.

[0093] At action 815, the UE 120 allocates available energy to the first radio and the second radio based on a default energy allocation. The default energy allocation may include allocating energy to the first radio and the second radio to facilitate associated functionality of the first radio and the second radio (e.g., basic functionality of each radio), and allocating any remaining available energy based on an equal split and / or a bias toward the first radio or the second radio (e.g., based on the type of RAT, antenna group, and / or other). The default energy allocation may be set by a device manufacturer and / or a device operator.

[0094] At action 820, the UE monitors energy efficiency of the first radio and the second radio. In some examples, the UE monitors energy efficiency during a plurality of energy measurement periods (see, e.g., energy measurement period 730). In this regard, the UE may determine and / or evaluate energy efficiency of the first radio and the second radio based on one or more of: an amount of energy (e.g., energy per byte) required to send a certain amount of data over the radio during a time period (e.g., during the energy measurement period), power compliance limits (e.g., P < 0.05) associated with the radio, and power efficiency of the first radio and the second radio based on one or more of: an amount of energy (e.g., energy per byte) required to send a certain amount of data over the radio during a time period (e.g., during the energy measurement period), a power compliance limit (e.g., P < 0.05) associated with the radio, and a power efficiency of the second radio based on the energy measurement period. max, P limit etc.), path loss associated with a radio, throughput associated with a radio, bandwidth associated with a radio, amount of unutilized energy associated with a radio, over-steering of energy to one radio to the detriment of another radio, and / or other power usage and / or data transmission parameters.

[0095] At act 825, the UE 120 allocates available energy for the transmission opportunity to the first radio and the second radio based at least in part on the energy efficiency of the first radio and the second radio. In some aspects, the energy allocation at act 825 may include allocating energy to the first radio and the second radio to facilitate associated functionality of the first radio and the second radio (e.g., basic functionality of each radio), and allocating any remaining available energy based on the energy efficiency of the first radio and the second radio (e.g., which may be used to serve resilience services).

[0096] In some instances, the UE may determine to steer energy between the first radio and the second radio because either of the first radio and the second radio can contribute to serving a resilient traffic flow. For example, the radios may form an NR PDCP split bearer, the radios may be part of the same NR MAC where one radio serves a PCC and the other serves an SCC, or one radio serves Sub1 (e.g., associated with a first SIM) and the other serves Sub2 (e.g., associated with a second SIM), and the UE determines that both subs have active Internet service. If it is determined that only one of the first radio and the second radio can contribute to serving a resilient traffic flow, the UE may direct all available steerable energy to the radio with the resilient traffic. In some instances, the UE may adjust the amount of energy allocated to the first radio and the second radio in an attempt to balance the energy efficiency of the radios. That is, the UE may allocate energy between the first radio and the second radio in an attempt to minimize the difference between the energy efficiency of the first radio and the second radio.

[0097] As shown, at act 820 , the UE may iteratively monitor energy efficiency (eg, energy consumed during a duty cycle) of the first radio and the second radio, and at act 825 , allocate available energy based on the energy efficiency.

[0098] In some aspects, at action 820, the UE may detect oversteering. Excessive steering of power away from one radio to another may be referred to as oversteering. In this regard, steering too much energy from a less efficient radio to a more efficient radio may result in adverse effects, including failure of connections associated with the less efficient radio. For example, if a less efficient radio is close to a cell edge having an uplink SNR (or other channel condition parameter (SINR, path loss, etc.)) close to a minimum supported value (e.g., for a (MCS, RB) combination in use), steering energy further away from the less efficient radio may result in the network element dropping the radio connection (e.g., due to an UL block error rate (BLER) exceeding a threshold, resulting in HARQ failure, and ultimately causing a radio link failure (RLF)). If a primary component carrier (e.g., in a carrier aggregation scenario) or a primary cell group (e.g., in a dual connectivity scenario) is dropped due to oversteering, the problem may be exacerbated because all component carriers and / or all cell groups may be dropped as a result.

[0099] The UE may detect oversteering in several ways at action 820, including monitoring HARQ BLER, monitoring the number of bytes that the UE has enough energy to send during the time period, monitoring the allocated energy per byte, monitoring RLC retransmissions, monitoring RLF, monitoring UL path loss, and / or a combination thereof. In this regard, the UE may periodically monitor one or more of these parameters to detect oversteering. In some instances, the UE may periodically monitor one or more parameters during a time period (e.g., during an energy measurement period).

[0100] In some instances, the UE may monitor the HARQ BLER, and if the HARQ BLER reaches and / or exceeds a threshold (e.g., 5%, 10%, or other), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may calculate a parameter (e.g., byteLimit) representing the number of bytes that the UE may send within a time period and compare it to a corresponding threshold (e.g., byteLimitThreshold). In this regard, the byteLimit or number of bytes that the UE may send within a time period (e.g., the next Tms (nominal value = 500ms, 1000ms, or other)) may be based on the energy allocated to the radio and the energy per byte of the radio (which may be a measure or indication of UL quality). byteLimitThreshold may be based on one or more of: an uplink duty cycle (e.g., RRC ULDC), a subcarrier spacing, a number of resource blocks (e.g., a minimum number of resource blocks associated with a (MCS, RB) combination (nRB_min)), a spectral efficiency (e.g., a minimum spectral efficiency of an MCS (SPEFF_min)), a time period (e.g., an energy measurement period, 500ms, 1000ms, or other), one or more fixed variables, one or more other parameters, and / or a combination thereof. If the byteLimit or number of bytes that the UE can send within the time period is less than the byteLimitThreshold, the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may calculate the amount of energy per byte utilized by the radio, and if the energy per byte reaches and / or exceeds a threshold, the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In this regard, when oversteering has occurred and / or the BLER is high, the UE may use a large amount of energy to send bytes that were not successfully received. Therefore, in such instances, the energy per byte may exceed the threshold.

[0101] In some instances, the UE may monitor UL path loss, and if the UL path loss reaches and / or exceeds a threshold (e.g., PL_threshold), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may monitor RLC retransmissions, and if the number of RLC retransmissions (e.g., for the same RLC sequence number (SN)) reaches and / or exceeds a threshold (e.g., 1, 2, 3, etc.), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may monitor RLC retransmissions, and if the number of RLC retransmissions reaches and / or exceeds a threshold associated with a radio link failure (e.g., maxRLCreTx), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred.

[0102] After oversteering is detected at action 820, the UE may reallocate available energy between radios at action 825. In this regard, in response to detecting oversteering, the UE may reallocate available energy at action 820 in several ways, including returning to a default allocation of action 815, returning to a previous energy allocation that did not result in detection of oversteering, returning to the last energy allocation before oversteering was detected, redirecting a preset amount of energy back to a less efficient radio, or otherwise. In some instances, the UE may save a log of energy allocations that result in detection of oversteering and / or energy allocations that do not result in detection of oversteering. In this regard, the UE may save a log for each radio, each (MCS, RB) combination associated with a radio, a radio combination, and / or a radio combination with (MCS, RB). At action 825, the UE may use the log to identify energy allocations that should be avoided in some instances (e.g., energy allocations that previously resulted in oversteering) and / or energy allocations that should be considered for use in some instances (e.g., energy allocations that previously did not result in oversteering). The UE may update the log over time.

[0103] In some aspects, the UE detects an amount of unutilized energy associated with the radio at act 820. In this regard, if the UE has diverted available energy to the radio but the radio has not utilized (or is unable to use) all of the allocated energy or at least a threshold amount (e.g., 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or other) of the allocated energy, the UE may reallocate the available energy such that less energy is allocated to the radio.

[0104] In some instances, the UE may determine that both radios are not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy. In such instances, the UE may reallocate the available energy between the radios. In this regard, the UE may reallocate the available energy back to a default allocation and / or a uniform allocation. In some instances, the UE may reallocate the available energy at each iteration of action 825 in a stepwise manner (e.g., a step size Δ) and / or periodically (e.g., after each energy measurement period). In this regard, the UE may reallocate to a default allocation and / or a uniform allocation until the UE determines that one and / or both radios are utilizing all or at least a threshold amount (e.g., 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or other) of the energy allocated to the radio. In some instances, the UE may not take action in response to determining that both radios are not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy. For example, as a result of a lack of data to be sent, both radios may have unutilized energy, but the efficiency of the radios remains the same or approximately the same. In such examples or other examples, the UE may not reallocate available energy between the radios upon determining that both radios are not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy.

[0105] Similarly, in some instances, the UE may determine that one of the radios is not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of allocated energy. In such instances, the UE may reallocate available energy between the radios. In this regard, the UE may reallocate available energy so that the radio that is not utilizing the energy allocated to it is allocated less energy. In some instances, this may include reallocating energy between the radios back to a default allocation and / or an even distribution. In some instances, the UE may reallocate available energy in a stepwise manner (e.g., a step size Δ) and / or periodically (e.g., after each energy measurement period) at each iteration of action 825. In this regard, the UE may reallocate energy until the UE determines that the radio that is not utilizing its allocated energy is utilizing all or at least a threshold amount (e.g., 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or other) of the energy allocated to the radio.

[0106] In some instances, once the UE has detected oversteering at action 820, the UE may modify one or more thresholds. For example, if oversteering has been previously detected, the UE may raise or lower thresholds associated with monitoring parameters (e.g., energy per byte during an energy measurement period, power compliance limits, path loss, throughput, bandwidth, amount of unutilized energy, HARQ BLER, number of bytes that the UE has enough energy to send during a time period, allocated energy per byte, RLC retransmissions, RLF, etc.). In some instances, the UE may modify the thresholds (e.g., raise or lower) so that an indication of oversteering may be detected earlier than using a previous threshold. In this regard, if an indication of oversteering is detected when using a modified threshold, the UE may stop energy steering between radios at the current energy allocation. In this way, the modified thresholds may allow the UE to identify that oversteering occurs earlier than the original thresholds. In some examples, after implementing the modified threshold, the UE may resume energy steering and / or return to the original threshold once the relative efficiency of the two radios changes (eg, the less efficient radio becomes the more efficient radio) and / or after a preset time limit.

[0107] In some examples, after detecting oversteering at act 820, the UE may suspend energy steering and / or initiate buffer status reporting (BSR) management (e.g., reporting the UL buffer size as 0). In this regard, the UE may use BSR management to attempt to at least temporarily (e.g., for a predetermined amount of time, a fixed time period, or otherwise) cause a network element to stop giving the UE UL grants for at least a less efficient radio. Using BSR management in this manner may help the UE reserve energy on the less efficient radio so that when the accumulated energy is sufficient to meet the UL budget, the UE can successfully send UL data without multiple HARQ retransmissions.

[0108] At act 830, a handover is initiated between the UE 120 and the BS 110a to transition the UE 120 to the BS 110c.

[0109] At action 835, the handover of the UE to the network element 110c is completed.

[0110] At action 840, the UE 120 allocates the available energy to the first radio and the second radio based on the default energy allocation (e.g., similar to action 815). In this regard, in some instances, the UE may return to using the default energy allocation whenever one of the active radios performs a handover and / or establishes a connection with a new / different wireless device. After action 840, the UE may monitor the energy efficiency of the first radio and the second radio (e.g., similar to action 820) and allocate the available energy based at least in part on the energy efficiency (e.g., similar to action 825).

[0111] Fig. 9 9 is a block diagram of a user equipment (UE) 900 according to some aspects of the present disclosure. The UE 900 may be, for example, Figures 1 to 7 UE 115 discussed. As shown, UE 900 may include a processor 902, a memory 904, an RF exposure and power distribution module 808, a transceiver 910 including a modem subsystem 912 and an RF unit 914, and one or more antennas 916. These elements may be coupled to each other. The term "coupled" may refer to being directly or indirectly coupled or connected to one or more intervening elements. For example, these elements may communicate directly or indirectly with each other, such as via one or more buses.

[0112] The processor 902 may include a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein. The processor 902 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0113] The memory 904 may include cache memory (e.g., cache memory of the processor 902), RAM, MRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, solid-state memory devices, hard drives, other forms of volatile and non-volatile memory, or a combination of different types of memory. In one aspect, the memory 904 includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium. The memory 904 may store or have recorded thereon instructions 906. The instructions 906 may include instructions that, when executed by the processor 902, cause the processor 902 to perform operations in conjunction with various aspects of the present disclosure (e.g., FIGS. 4 to 5). Figure 8 and Fig.10 Instructions 906 may also be referred to as program code. Program code may be used to cause a wireless communication device to perform these operations, for example, by causing one or more processors (such as processor 902) to control or command UE 900 to do so. The terms "instructions" and "code" should be broadly interpreted to include any type of computer-readable statements. For example, the terms "instructions" and "code" may refer to one or more programs, routines, subroutines, functions, procedures, etc. "Instructions" and "code" may include a single computer-readable statement or multiple computer-readable statements.

[0114] The RF exposure and power allocation module 908 may be implemented via hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and / or instructions 906 stored in the memory 904 and executed by the processor 902. In some aspects, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908 may be integrated within the modem subsystem 912. For example, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or general purpose processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuit systems) within the modem subsystem 912. The RF exposure and power allocation module 908 may communicate with one or more components of the UE 900 to implement various aspects of the present disclosure, such as, for example, FIGS. 4 to 5. Figure 8 and Fig.10 In some aspects, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908 may include the RF exposure manager 122 and / or associated functionality.

[0115] In some aspects, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908, along with other components of the UE 900, may be configured to allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection by: allocating a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; allocating a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and allocating a third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection. In some aspects, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908, along with other components of the UE 900, may be configured to allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection within each energy measurement period of a plurality of energy measurement periods.

[0116] In some aspects, the RF exposure and power allocation module 908, along with other components of the UE 900, can be configured to determine the energy efficiency of one or more wireless communication connections based on the amount of energy (e.g., energy per byte) required to send a certain amount of data over the wireless communication connection during a time period (e.g., during an energy measurement period), the power compliance limits (e.g., P) associated with the wireless communication connection, and the energy efficiency of the one or more wireless communication connections. max , P limit etc.), path loss associated with the wireless communication connection, throughput associated with the wireless communication connection, bandwidth associated with the wireless communication connection, amount of unutilized energy associated with the wireless communication connection, over-diversion of energy to one wireless communication connection to the detriment of another wireless communication connection, and / or other power usage and / or data transmission parameters.

[0117] As shown, the transceiver 910 may include a modem subsystem 912 and an RF unit 914. The transceiver 910 may be configured to communicate bidirectionally with other devices (such as the BS 105 and / or network elements). The modem subsystem 912 may be configured to modulate and / or encode data from the memory 904 and / or the RF exposure and power allocation module 908 according to an MCS (e.g., an LDPC decoding scheme, a turbo decoding scheme, a convolutional decoding scheme, a digital beamforming scheme, etc.). The RF unit 914 may be configured to process (e.g., perform analog-to-digital conversion or digital-to-analog conversion, etc.) the modulated / encoded data (e.g., communication signals, data signals, control signals, etc.) from the modem subsystem 912 (for outbound transmission). The RF unit 914 may also be configured to perform analog beamforming in conjunction with digital beamforming. Although shown as being integrated together in the transceiver 910, the modem subsystem 912 and the RF unit 914 may be separate devices that are coupled together at the UE 900 to enable the UE 900 to communicate with other devices.

[0118] The RF unit 914 may provide modulated and / or processed data (e.g., data packets (or more generally, data messages that may include one or more data packets and other information)) to the antenna 916 for transmission to one or more other devices. The antenna 916 may also receive data messages sent from other devices. The antenna 916 may provide the received data messages for processing and / or demodulation at the transceiver 910. The transceiver 910 may provide the demodulated and decoded data (e.g., communication signals, data signals, control signals, etc.) to the RF exposure and power allocation module 908 for processing. The antenna 916 may include multiple antennas of similar design or different designs in order to maintain multiple transmission links.

[0119] Fig.10 A flowchart of a wireless communication method according to some aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Aspects of method 1000 may be performed by a computing device (e.g., a processor, a processing circuit, and / or other suitable components) of a wireless communication device or other suitable means for executing blocks. For example, the wireless communication device may be a UE (e.g., UE 120 or UE 900). The UE may utilize one or more components (such as a processor 902, a memory 904, an RF exposure and power allocation module 908, a transceiver 910, a modem subsystem 912, an RF unit 914, and / or one or more antennas 916) to perform the blocks of method 1000. Method 1000 may be implemented in the same manner as in FIGS. 4 to 5. Figure 8As illustrated, method 1000 includes several enumerated blocks, but aspects of method 1000 may include additional blocks before, after, and between these enumerated blocks. In some aspects, one or more of the enumerated blocks may be omitted or performed in a different order.

[0120] At block 1010, a UE (e.g., UE 120 or UE 900) establishes a first wireless communication connection. The first wireless communication connection may be associated with a wireless wide area network (WWAN) (e.g., long term evolution (LTE) or fifth generation new radio (5G NR)), Bluetooth, IEEE802.11 (e.g., WiFi), satellite communication, device-to-device (e.g., sidelink) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc. The first wireless communication connection may be with a network unit (e.g., BS 110, a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), etc.) and / or another UE.

[0121] At block 1020, the UE establishes a second wireless communication connection. The second wireless communication connection may be associated with a wireless wide area network (WWAN) (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or fifth generation new radio (5GNR)), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 (e.g., WiFi), satellite communication, device-to-device (e.g., sidelink) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, etc. The second wireless communication connection may be with a network element (e.g., BS 110, a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), etc.) and / or another UE.

[0122] In some instances, the first wireless communication connection (established at block 1010) is associated with a first radio access technology (RAT), and the second wireless communication connection (established at block 1020) is associated with a second RAT different from the first RAT. In this regard, in some aspects, the UE may operate in a dual connectivity mode using the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection. In some instances, the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection are associated with the same RAT. In this regard, in some aspects, the UE operates in a carrier aggregation mode using the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

[0123] In some instances, a first wireless communication connection is associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM), and a second wireless communication connection is associated with a second SIM different from the first SIM. In this regard, one or more radios associated with the first SIM may be mapped to the same antenna group as one or more radios associated with the second SIM. Thus, one or more radios associated with the first SIM may share an energy budget with one or more radios associated with the second SIM. In some instances, allocating power between wireless communication connections associated with the first SIM and the second SIM based at least in part on the efficiency of the wireless communication connection may help maximize the total capacity across two associated subscriptions. In addition, in some instances, the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection associated with the SIM and / or the energy allocation across the wireless communication connection may be provided to one or more upper layer components and / or operations of the UE. The upper layer components and / or operations may utilize information about energy efficiency and / or energy allocation to appropriately allocate application services across SIMs so that the total capacity of the UE is maximized.

[0124] At block 1030, the UE allocates available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection. The available energy allocated by the UE may include a minimum reserved energy associated with a transmission opportunity and / or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit (see, e.g. Figure 6 of the minimum reserved energy 604) and / or excess energy (see e.g. Figure 6 In some aspects, the available energy is the total available energy for a transmit opportunity and / or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit (see, e.g., Figure 6 The total available energy 602 may be the total amount of energy available for allocation to one or more radios over a certain duration (e.g., a transmit opportunity or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit). The minimum reserved energy may refer to the minimum level of transmit power allocated to one or more radios over a certain duration (e.g., a transmit opportunity or time window associated with a (time average or peak) RF exposure limit).

[0125] At block 1030, the UE may allocate a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection. The first portion of the available energy (see, e.g., Figure 6 The first portion 608) may be an amount of energy required by the first wireless communication connection to perform one or more functionalities. In this regard, the functionality may include control channel functionality, random access channel functionality, voice, communication functionality, video communication functionality, signaling radio bearer (SRB) functionality, and / or other functionality.

[0126] At block 1030, the UE may allocate a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection. Figure 6 The second portion 610) may be an amount of energy required by the second wireless communication connection to perform one or more functionalities. In this regard, the functionality may include control channel functionality, random access channel functionality, voice, communication functionality, video communication functionality, signaling radio bearer (SRB) functionality, and / or other functionality.

[0127] At block 1030, the UE may allocate a third portion of the available energy (see, e.g., Figure 6 The third portion 612 and / or the excess energy 606 of the wireless communication connection is allocated to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection. The UE may determine and / or evaluate the energy efficiency of each wireless communication connection. Energy efficiency may refer to one or more parameters and / or calculations that directly or indirectly indicate the amount of energy used by a device to send a certain amount of data. The UE may determine and / or evaluate the energy efficiency based on one or more of the following: the amount of energy (e.g., energy per byte) required to send a certain amount of data over the wireless communication connection during a time period (e.g., during an energy measurement period), a power compliance limit associated with the wireless communication connection (e.g., P max , P limit The amount of unutilized energy associated with the wireless communication connection may include, for example, a path loss associated with the wireless communication connection, a throughput associated with the wireless communication connection, a bandwidth associated with the wireless communication connection, an amount of unutilized energy associated with the wireless communication connection, an over-steering of energy to the wireless communication connection and away from another wireless communication connection, and / or other power usage and / or data transmission parameters. In some examples, the amount of unutilized energy associated with the wireless communication connection may provide an indication that the wireless communication connection is not fully utilizing the allocated energy (e.g., due to a lack of grants and / or traffic), and therefore less energy should be allocated to the wireless communication connection.

[0128] In some examples, the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection may be based on the energy used to send one or more communications over the wireless communication connection during the energy measurement period. In some aspects, the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection may be based on the energy per byte used to send one or more communications over the wireless communication connection during the energy measurement period. In some aspects, the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection may be based on the power compliance limit (e.g., P max , P limitThe energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection may be determined by measuring the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection. ...

[0129] In some examples, at block 1030, the UE allocates the third portion of the available energy based on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection. In this regard, if the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is greater than the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection (i.e., more energy efficient), the UE may allocate more (or all) of the third portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection. Similarly, if the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is greater than the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection (i.e., more energy efficient), the UE may allocate more (or all) of the third portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection.

[0130] In some instances, the UE may adjust the amount of energy allocated to each wireless communication connection in the wireless communication connection over time in an attempt to equalize the energy efficiency of each wireless communication connection in the wireless communication connection. That is, the UE can minimize the difference between the energy efficiencies of the wireless communication connections by adjusting the amount of energy allocated to each wireless communication connection. In this regard, the UE may allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in each energy measurement period in a plurality of energy measurement periods. The plurality of energy measurement periods may occur periodically (e.g., every 100ms, 500ms, 1000ms, or other suitable intervals). In this regard, the UE may allocate available energy for the current transmission opportunity and / or time window associated with the (time average or peak) RF exposure limit based on one or more previous energy measurement periods (e.g., the immediately preceding energy measurement period or an earlier energy measurement period). For example, in some instances, the UE determines and utilizes the energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on communications transmitted during the same energy measurement period (e.g., the first energy measurement period). In some instances, the common energy measurement period is the current energy measurement period (e.g., the last energy measurement period before the transmission opportunity).

[0131] In some instances, the UE determines and / or utilizes energy efficiencies of the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on different energy measurement periods (e.g., a first energy measurement period for the first wireless communication connection (e.g., a current energy measurement period) and a second energy measurement period for the second wireless communication connection (e.g., a previous energy measurement period occurring before the current energy measurement period)). In some instances, the UE determines not to utilize the current energy measurement period to determine the energy efficiency of the wireless communication connection based on the presence of one or more factors, including, but not limited to: the UE did not receive any uplink grants associated with the wireless communication connection during the current energy measurement period; the number of uplink grants for the UE associated with the wireless communication connection during the current energy measurement period did not meet a threshold; and / or there was no physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication sent by the UE over the wireless communication connection during the current energy measurement period. In some instances, the UE may continue to use the energy efficiency from the previous energy measurement period until the time period expires. In this regard, the time period for using the energy efficiency from the previous energy measurement period may be based on at least one of a time correlation associated with the wireless communication connection (e.g., which may be based on the mobility of the UE and / or the strength of the wireless communication connection) or a predetermined amount of time.

[0132] In some instances, for an initial energy measurement period in a plurality of energy measurement periods, the UE allocates available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a default energy allocation. In this regard, the default energy allocation may be an equal split and / or bias (e.g., 55 / 45, 60 / 40, 65 / 35, 70 / 30, 75 / 25, etc., or otherwise) of available energy to one of the wireless communication connections (e.g., based on the type of RAT, antenna group, and / or other). The default energy allocation may be set by a device manufacturer and / or device operator.

[0133] In certain aspects, the UE may be configured to allocate available energy between radios that are in an active state. For example, an active radio may correspond to when the radio is (or may or will be) actively transmitting in a transmit opportunity or time interval of a time window. As an example, if two of the three radios of the antenna group are in active mode, the UE may allocate available energy between the two active radios. The portion of available energy that is not allocated to the active radio (if any) may be allocated to the inactive radio. In some instances, the UE may refrain from allocating any available energy to the inactive radio.

[0134] In some instances, the UE may perform a handover for at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection. The UE may allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an initial energy measurement period after the handover based at least in part on an energy allocation different from a last energy allocation before performing the handover. In some instances, the UE may use a default energy allocation after a handover associated with at least one of the wireless communication connections.

[0135] In some instances, the UE establishes a third wireless communication connection. In this regard, the UE may allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection, the second wireless communication connection, and the third wireless communication connection. The UE may similarly establish additional wireless communication connections (e.g., fourth, fifth, etc.) and allocate available energy across different wireless communication connections in a similar manner (e.g., based on functionality and / or energy efficiency of the wireless communication connections).

[0136] In some instances, the UE may switch operation of antennas between the first antenna group and the second antenna group. Figure 5 , the UE may switch operation of the fourth antenna 502d between the antenna group 504 and the antenna group 508 (e.g., switch from the antenna group 504 to the antenna group 508, or vice versa). Thus, in some instances, the antenna may operate with different antenna groups during one or more energy measurement periods. Thus, in some instances, the UE may determine not to utilize the current energy measurement period as an indicator of the efficiency of the wireless communication connection because the antenna is operating with an antenna group that is different from the antenna group of interest associated with the wireless communication connection / radio. In such instances, the UE may utilize energy efficiency from a previous energy measurement period (e.g., a most recent energy measurement period in which a suitable energy efficiency was determined and the antenna was operating with the antenna group associated with the wireless communication connection). Thus, the UE may allocate available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection within an energy measurement period immediately after the switching of the operation of the antenna (e.g., when the antenna returns to operating in the antenna group associated with the wireless communication connection), based at least in part on the energy measurement period that occurred before the switching of the operation of the antenna (e.g., the most recent energy measurement period in which a suitable energy efficiency was determined and the antenna was operating with the antenna group associated with the wireless communication connection). The UE may continue to utilize energy efficiencies from a previous energy measurement period until the time period expires (eg, based on a time correlation associated with the wireless communication connection, a predetermined amount of time, a timer, etc.).

[0137] In some aspects, the UE may monitor oversteering when allocating energy between multiple radio / wireless communication connections. The UE may detect oversteering in several ways, including monitoring HARQ BLER, monitoring allocated energy per byte, monitoring RLC retransmissions, monitoring RLF, monitoring UL path loss, and / or combinations thereof. In this regard, the UE may periodically monitor one or more of these parameters to detect oversteering. In some instances, the UE may periodically monitor one or more parameters during a time period (e.g., during an energy measurement period).

[0138] In some instances, the UE may monitor the HARQ BLER, and if the HARQ BLER meets (e.g., reaches and / or exceeds) a threshold (e.g., 5%, 10%, or other), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may calculate a parameter (e.g., byteLimit) representing the number of bytes that the UE may send within a time period and compare it to a corresponding threshold (e.g., byteLimitThreshold). In this regard, the byteLimit or number of bytes that the UE may send within a time period (e.g., the next Tms (nominal value = 500ms, 1000ms, or other)) may be based on the energy allocated to the radio and the energy per byte of the radio (which may be a measure or indication of UL quality). The byteLimitThreshold may be based on one or more of: an uplink duty cycle (e.g., RRC ULDC), a subcarrier spacing, a number of resource blocks (e.g., a minimum number of resource blocks associated with a (MCS, RB) combination (nRB_min)), a spectral efficiency (e.g., a minimum spectral efficiency of an MCS (SPEFF_min)), a time period (e.g., an energy measurement period, 500ms, 1000ms, or other), one or more fixed variables, one or more other parameters, and / or a combination thereof. If the byteLimit or number of bytes that the UE can send within the time period does not satisfy (e.g., is less than) the byteLimitThreshold, the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may calculate the amount of energy per byte utilized by the radio, and if the energy per byte satisfies (e.g., reaches and / or exceeds) the energy per byte threshold, the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred.

[0139] In some instances, the UE may monitor UL path loss, and if the UL path loss meets (e.g., reaches and / or exceeds) a threshold (e.g., PL_threshold), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may monitor RLC retransmissions, and if the number of RLC retransmissions (e.g., for the same RLC sequence number (SN)) meets (e.g., reaches and / or exceeds) a threshold (e.g., 1, 2, 3, etc.), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred. In some instances, the UE may monitor RLC retransmissions, and if the number of RLC retransmissions meets (e.g., reaches and / or exceeds) a threshold associated with a radio link failure (e.g., maxRLCreTx), the UE may determine that oversteering has occurred.

[0140] After oversteering is detected, the UE can reallocate available energy between radio / wireless communication connections. In this regard, in response to detecting oversteering, the UE can reallocate available energy in several ways, including returning to a default allocation, returning to a previous energy allocation that did not result in oversteering being detected, returning to the last energy allocation before oversteering was detected, steering a preset amount of energy (e.g., step size Δ) back to a less efficient radio, or otherwise. In some instances, the UE can save a log of energy allocations that result in oversteering being detected and / or energy allocations that do not result in oversteering being detected. In this regard, the UE can save a log for each radio, each (MCS, RB) combination associated with the radio, a radio combination, and / or a radio combination with (MCS, RB). The UE can use the log to identify energy allocations that should be avoided in some instances (e.g., energy allocations that previously resulted in oversteering) and / or energy allocations that should be considered for use in some instances (e.g., energy allocations that previously did not result in oversteering). The UE can update the log over time.

[0141] In some aspects, the UE may detect an amount of unutilized energy associated with a radio. In this regard, if the UE has diverted available energy to a radio but the radio is not utilizing (or is unable to use) all of the allocated energy or at least a threshold amount (e.g., 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or other) of the allocated energy, the UE may reallocate the available energy so that less energy is allocated to the radio. In some instances, the UE may not take action in response to determining that both radios are not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy. For example, as a result of a lack of data to be sent, both radios may have unutilized energy, but the efficiency of the radios remains the same or approximately the same. In such instances or other instances, the UE may not reallocate available energy between the radios after determining that both radios are not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy.

[0142] In some instances, the UE may determine that both radios are not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy of the radios. In such instances, the UE may reallocate the available energy between the radios. In this regard, the UE may reallocate the available energy back to a default allocation and / or a uniform allocation. In some instances, the UE may reallocate the available energy in a stepwise manner (e.g., a step size Δ) and / or periodically (e.g., after each energy measurement period) at each instance of energy reallocation. In this regard, the UE may reallocate to a default allocation and / or a uniform allocation until the UE determines that one and / or both radios are utilizing all or at least a threshold amount (e.g., 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or other) of the energy allocated to the radios.

[0143] Similarly, in some instances, the UE may determine that one of the radios is not utilizing all or at least a threshold amount of the allocated energy. In such instances, the UE may reallocate the available energy between the radios. In this regard, the UE may reallocate the available energy so that the radio that is not utilizing the energy allocated to it is allocated less energy. In some instances, this may include reallocating the energy between the radios back to a default allocation and / or an even distribution. In some instances, the UE may reallocate the available energy in a stepwise manner (e.g., a step size Δ) and / or periodically (e.g., after each energy measurement period) at each instance of energy reallocation. In this regard, the UE may reallocate energy until the UE determines that the radio that is not utilizing its allocated energy is utilizing all or at least a threshold amount (e.g., 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or other) of the energy allocated to the radio.

[0144] In some instances, once the UE has detected oversteering, the UE can modify one or more thresholds. For example, if oversteering has been previously detected, the UE can raise or lower the threshold associated with the monitoring parameter (e.g., energy per byte during the energy measurement period, power compliance limit, path loss, throughput, bandwidth, amount of unused energy, HARQ BLER, the number of bytes that the UE has enough energy to send during the time period, the allocated energy per byte, RLC retransmission, RLF, etc.). In some instances, the UE can modify the threshold (e.g., raise or lower) so that oversteering can be detected earlier than using the previous threshold. In this regard, if oversteering is detected when using the modified threshold, the UE can stop the energy steering between the radios at the current energy allocation. In this way, the modified threshold allows the UE to identify that oversteering occurs earlier than the original threshold. In some instances, after implementing the modified threshold, once the relative efficiency of the two radios changes (e.g., a less efficient radio becomes a more efficient radio) and / or after a preset time limit, the UE can restore energy steering and / or return to the original threshold.

[0145] In some examples, upon detecting oversteering, the UE may suspend energy steering and / or initiate buffer status reporting (BSR) management (e.g., reporting the UL buffer size as 0). In this regard, the UE may use BSR management in an attempt to at least temporarily (e.g., for a predetermined amount of time, a fixed time period, or otherwise) cause the network element to stop giving the UE UL grants for at least the less efficient radio. Using BSR management in this manner may help the UE reserve energy on the less efficient radio so that when the accumulated energy is sufficient to meet the UL budget, the UE can successfully send UL data without multiple HARQ retransmissions.

[0146] Example aspects

[0147] Other aspects of the present disclosure include specific implementation examples described in the following numbered clauses:

[0148] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising:

[0149] establishing a first wireless communication connection;

[0150] establishing a second wireless communication connection; and

[0151] The available energy is distributed between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in the following manner:

[0152] allocating a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection;

[0153] allocating a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; and

[0154] A third portion of the available energy is allocated to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0155] Clause 2. The method according to clause 1, wherein:

[0156] The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is based on energy per byte of one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection; and

[0157] The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is based on energy per byte of one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection. Clause 3. The method of clause 2, wherein:

[0158] the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is based on a first power compliance limit associated with the one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection; and

[0159] The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is based on a second power compliance limit associated with the one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection.

[0160] Clause 4. The method according to clause 3, wherein:

[0161] The one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection indicate that the first energy efficiency is based on at least one of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication or a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) communication; and

[0162] The one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection indicate that the second energy efficiency is based on at least one of PUSCH communications or PUCCH communications.

[0163] Clause 5. The method according to clause 3, wherein:

[0164] The one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection indicate that the first energy efficiency is based solely on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communications; and

[0165] The one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection indicate that the second energy efficiency is based only on PUSCH communications.

[0166] Clause 6. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0167] Determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection; and determining the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0168] Clause 7. The method of clause 6, wherein determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection comprises:

[0169] The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection during a first time period.

[0170] Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein determining the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection comprises:

[0171] The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during the first time period.

[0172] Clause 9. The method of clause 7, wherein determining the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection comprises:

[0173] The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is based on one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during a second time period, the second time period being different from the first time period.

[0174] Clause 10. The method of clause 9, wherein the first period is a current energy measurement period and the second period is a previous energy measurement period that occurred before the current energy measurement period.

[0175] Clause 11. The method according to clause 10, further comprising:

[0176] Determining to base the second energy efficiency on the one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during the second time period but not the first time period is based on at least one of:

[0177] The UE does not receive any uplink grant associated with the second wireless communication connection during the first time period; a number of uplink grants for the UE associated with the second wireless communication connection during the first time period does not satisfy a threshold; or

[0178] The UE does not perform physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communications during the first time period.

[0179] Clause 12. The method of clause 11, wherein determining to base the second energy efficiency on the one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during the second time period but not the first time period is further based on a time period not expiring.

[0180] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein the time period is based on at least one of:

[0181] a time correlation associated with the second wireless communication connection; or

[0182] A predetermined amount of time.

[0183] Clause 14. The method according to clause 13, further comprising:

[0184] Based at least in part on a default energy allocation, the available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an energy measurement period of the plurality of energy measurement periods that occurs after expiration of the time period.

[0185] Clause 15. The method of clause 6, wherein determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection comprises:

[0186] The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communications sent over the first wireless communication connection.

[0187] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection comprises:

[0188] Determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection includes padding bytes of the one or more PUSCH communications.

[0189] Clause 17. The method of clause 15, wherein determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection comprises:

[0190] The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection excluding padding bytes of the one or more PUSCH communications.

[0191] Clause 18. The method of clause 6, wherein determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection comprises:

[0192] The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more of:

[0193] a path loss associated with the first wireless communication connection; a throughput associated with the first wireless communication connection; a bandwidth associated with the first wireless communication connection; a power compliance limit associated with the first wireless communication connection; or

[0194] an amount of unutilized energy associated with the wireless communication connection. Clause 19. The method of clause 1, wherein allocating the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection further comprises:

[0195] The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in each energy measurement period of a plurality of energy measurement periods.

[0196] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein allocating the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection within each energy measurement period of a plurality of energy measurement periods comprises:

[0197] The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an initial energy measurement period of the plurality of energy measurement periods based at least in part on a default energy allocation.

[0198] Clause 21. The method of Clause 19, wherein allocating the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection occurs periodically within each energy measurement period of a plurality of energy measurement periods.

[0199] Clause 22. The method of clause 19, wherein allocating the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection within each energy measurement period of the plurality of energy measurement periods comprises:

[0200] The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection to minimize a difference between the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

[0201] Clause 23. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0202] performing a handover for at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection; and

[0203] The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an initial energy measurement period after performing the handover based at least in part on an energy allocation that is different than a last energy allocation before performing the handover.

[0204] Clause 24. The method of clause 1, wherein the available energy comprises available reserved energy.

[0205] Clause 25. The method of Clause 1, wherein the available energy comprises available excess energy.

[0206] Clause 26. The method of clause 1, wherein:

[0207] The first wireless communication connection is connected to a first radio access technology (RAT)

[0208] associated;

[0209] The second wireless communication connection is associated with a second RAT different than the first RAT; and

[0210] The UE operates in a dual connectivity mode using the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

[0211] Clause 27. The method of clause 1, wherein:

[0212] The first wireless communication connection is connected to a first radio access technology (RAT)

[0213] associated;

[0214] The second wireless communication connection is associated with the first RAT; and

[0215] The UE operates in a carrier aggregation mode using the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

[0216] Clause 28. The method of clause 1, wherein:

[0217] The first wireless communication connection is associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM); and

[0218] The second wireless communication connection is associated with a second SIM different from the first SIM.

[0219] Clause 29. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0220] establishing a third wireless communication connection; and

[0221] Wherein allocating the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection further comprises:

[0222] The available energy is distributed among the first wireless communication connection, the second wireless communication connection, and the third wireless communication connection.

[0223] Clause 30. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0224] switching operation of antennas between a first antenna group and a second antenna group; and allocating the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection within an energy measurement period immediately after the operation of switching the antennas based at least in part on an energy measurement period occurring before the operation of switching the antennas.

[0225] Clause 31. The method of clause 1, wherein the one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection include one or more of:

[0226] Control channel functionality;

[0227] Random access channel functionality;

[0228] Voice communication functionality;

[0229] Video communications functionality; or

[0230] Signalling Radio Bearer (SRB) functionality.

[0231] Clause 32. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0232] monitoring oversteering while allocating the third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection; and

[0233] In response to detecting oversteering based on the monitoring, reallocate the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection such that the third portion of the available energy is allocated differently between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

[0234] Clause 33. The method of clause 32, wherein monitoring oversteering comprises at least one of:

[0235] determining whether a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) block error rate (BLER) satisfies a HARQ BLER threshold;

[0236] determining whether the allocated energy per byte satisfies an energy per byte threshold;

[0237] Determine whether byteLimit meets the byteLimit threshold;

[0238] Determining whether the number of RLC retransmissions meets an RLC retransmission threshold;

[0239] determining whether a radio link failure has been initiated; or

[0240] determining whether an uplink path loss satisfies an uplink path loss threshold. Clause 34. The method of claim 32, wherein reallocating the third portion of the available energy comprises at least one of:

[0241] reallocating the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on a default allocation;

[0242] The third portion of the available energy is reallocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on a uniform distribution; or the third portion of the available energy is reallocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on a step change in energy distribution.

[0243] Clause 35. The method of claim 32, wherein reallocating the third portion of the available energy comprises at least one of:

[0244] returning to a previous energy distribution that did not result in detected oversteer;

[0245] Return to the last energy distribution before oversteer was detected; or

[0246] A preset amount of energy is diverted to a less efficient wireless communication connection of the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

[0247] Clause 36. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0248] modifying one or more thresholds associated with the monitored parameters based on detecting oversteering; and

[0249] Monitoring an indication of oversteering based on the modified one or more thresholds. Clause 37. The method of clause 36, further comprising:

[0250] detecting said indication of oversteering based on monitoring said indication of oversteering based on the modified one or more thresholds; and

[0251] In response to detecting the indication of the oversteering, a current energy distribution of the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection is maintained.

[0252] Clause 38. The method according to clause 37, further comprising:

[0253] In response to a change in the relative efficiencies of the first and second wireless communication connections, the third portion of the available energy between the first and second wireless communication connections is reallocated differently than the current energy allocation.

[0254] Clause 39. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0255] monitoring unutilized energy allocated to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection; and

[0256] In response to detecting the unutilized energy based on the monitoring, the third portion of the available energy is reallocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

[0257] Clause 40. The method of claim 39, wherein reallocating the third portion of the available energy comprises at least one of:

[0258] reallocating the third portion of the available energy based on a default energy allocation;

[0259] reallocating the third portion of the available energy based on a uniform energy distribution; or

[0260] The third portion of the available energy is reallocated based on a step change in energy allocation.

[0261] Clause 41. The method according to clause 1, further comprising:

[0262] A buffer status report (BSR) indicating an uplink buffer size of zero is sent based on detecting oversteering.

[0263] Clause 42. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a memory; a transceiver; and a processor in communication with the memory and the transceiver, wherein the UE is configured to perform any one or more aspects of clauses 1 to 41.

[0264] Clause 43. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more components for performing any one or more aspects of clauses 1 to 41.

[0265] Clause 44. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having recorded thereon program code for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE), the program code comprising code for causing the UE to perform any one or more aspects of clauses 1 to 41.

[0266] The techniques described herein may be used for various wireless communication technologies, such as NR (e.g., 5GNR), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE (LTE-A), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and other networks. The terms "network" and "system" are often used interchangeably. A CDMA network may implement radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, and the like. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. cdma2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA network may implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA networks may implement radio technologies such as NR (e.g., 5GRA), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDMA, and the like. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). LTE and LTE-A are versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). cdma2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). NR is an emerging wireless communication technology under development.

[0267] In 3GPP, the term "cell" can refer to the coverage area of ​​a Node B (NB) and / or a NB subsystem serving the coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used. In NR systems, the terms "cell" and BS, next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB), access point (AP), distributed unit (DU), carrier, or transmit receive point (TRP) can be used interchangeably. The BS can provide communication coverage for macro cells, pico cells, femto cells, and / or other types of cells. A macro cell can cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers) and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A pico cell can cover a relatively small geographic area and can allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscriptions. A femto cell can cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and can allow restricted access by UEs associated with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG), UEs of users in a home, etc.). A BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS. A BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS. A BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.

[0268] UE may also be referred to as a mobile station, a terminal, an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a station, a customer premises equipment (CPE), a cellular phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, an appliance, a medical device or medical equipment, a biometric sensor / device, a wearable device (such as a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring, a smart bracelet, etc.)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, a satellite radio, etc.), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, an industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium. Some UEs may be considered as machine type communication (MTC) devices or evolved MTC (eMTC) devices. MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc. that can communicate with a BS, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. A wireless node can provide, for example, a connection to or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as the Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link. Some UEs may be considered Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which may be narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices.

[0269] In some examples, access to the air interface can be scheduled. A scheduling entity (e.g., BS) allocates resources for communications between some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. A scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communications, subordinate entities use resources allocated by the scheduling entity. The base station is not the only entity that acts as a scheduling entity. In some examples, a UE may be used as a scheduling entity and may schedule resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs), and other UEs may utilize the resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communications. In some examples, a UE may be used as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network or in a mesh network. In a mesh network example, in addition to communicating with a scheduling entity, UEs may also communicate directly with each other.

[0270] The method disclosed herein includes one or more steps or actions for implementing the method. The steps and / or actions of the method can be interchangeable with each other without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of steps or actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific steps and / or actions can be modified without departing from the scope of the claims.

[0271] As used herein, a phrase referring to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items (including single members). As an example, "at least one of a, b, or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination with multiple of the same elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cC, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0272] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, generating, investigating, searching (e.g., searching in a table, a database, or another data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.

[0273] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the various aspects shown herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form is not intended to mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout the disclosure that are known or will be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference, and are intended to be covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not such disclosure is explicitly recorded in the claims. Any claim element should not be interpreted according to the provisions of 35 U.S.C. § 112 (f), unless the element is explicitly recorded using the phrase "parts for...", or in the case of a method claim, the element is recorded using the phrase "steps for...".

[0274] The various operations of the above method can be performed by any suitable component capable of performing the corresponding function. The component may include various hardware and / or software components and / or modules, including but not limited to circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or processors. Generally, where there are operations illustrated in the accompanying drawings, those operations may have corresponding corresponding components plus functional components with similar numbers.

[0275] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the present disclosure may be implemented or executed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD), discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0276] If implemented in hardware, an example hardware configuration may include a processing system in a wireless node. The processing system may be implemented using a bus architecture. Depending on the specific application of the processing system and the overall design constraints, the bus may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges. The bus may link various circuits together, including a processor, a machine-readable medium, and a bus interface. The bus interface may be used to connect a network adapter, etc., to the processing system via the bus. The network adapter may be used to implement signal processing functions at the physical (PHY) layer. In the UE (see Figure 1 ), a user interface (e.g., a keypad, display, mouse, joystick, etc.) may also be connected to the bus. The bus may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, power management circuits, and the like, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further. The processor may be implemented using one or more general purpose processors and / or special purpose processors. Examples include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuits that can execute software. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality of the processing system depending on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the entire system.

[0277] If implemented in software, each function may be stored on or sent through a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, data, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. The processor may be responsible for managing the bus and general processing, including executing software modules stored on a machine-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium may be coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. In an alternative solution, the storage medium may be integral with the processor. For example, a machine-readable medium may include a transmission line, a carrier modulated by data, and / or a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon that is separated from a wireless node, all of which may be accessed by a processor through a bus interface. Alternatively or in addition, a machine-readable medium or any part thereof may be integrated into a processor, such as in the case of having a cache and / or a general register stack. By way of example, examples of machine-readable storage media may include RAM (random access memory), flash memory, ROM (read only memory), PROM (programmable read only memory), EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard drives, or any other suitable storage media, or any combination thereof. Machine-readable media may be implemented in a computer program product.

[0278] A software module may include a single instruction, perhaps multiple instructions, and may be distributed over several different code segments, between different programs, and across multiple storage media. A computer-readable medium may include multiple software modules. A software module includes instructions that, when executed by a device such as a processor, cause a processing system to perform various functions. A software module may include a sending module and a receiving module. Each software module may reside in a single storage device or may be distributed across multiple storage devices. By way of example, when a triggering event occurs, a software module may be loaded from a hard drive into a RAM. During the execution of a software module, a processor may load some of the instructions into a cache to increase access speed. One or more cache lines may then be loaded into a general register stack for execution by the processor. When the functionality of a software module is mentioned below, it will be understood that such functionality is implemented by a processor when executing instructions from the software module.

[0279] Moreover, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technology such as infrared (IR), radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technology such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. As used herein, disk and optical disk include compact disk (CD), laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray Optical disks, where magnetic disks typically reproduce data magnetically, and optical disks use lasers to reproduce data optically. Thus, in some aspects, computer-readable media may include non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., tangible media). Additionally, for other aspects, computer-readable media may include transient computer-readable media (e.g., signals). Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0280] Thus, certain aspects may include a computer program product for performing the operations presented herein. For example, such a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium having stored (and / or encoded) thereon instructions that can be executed by one or more processors to perform the operations described herein, such as instructions for performing the operations described herein.

[0281] In addition, it should be understood that the modules and / or other appropriate components for performing the methods and techniques described herein can be downloaded and / or otherwise obtained by the user terminal and / or base station where applicable. For example, such a device can be coupled to a server to facilitate the transfer of components for performing the methods described herein. Alternatively, the various methods described herein can be provided via a storage component (e.g., RAM, ROM, or a physical storage medium such as a compact disc (CD) or a floppy disk) so that the user terminal and / or base station can obtain the various methods when the storage component is coupled to or provided to the device. In addition, any other appropriate technology for providing the methods and techniques described herein to the device can be used.

[0282] It is to be understood that the claims are not limited to the precise configuration and components illustrated above. Various modifications, changes and variations may be made in the arrangement, operation and details of the methods and apparatus described above without departing from the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories; and One or more processors, the one or more processors being coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more memories storing instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: establishing a first wireless communication connection; establishing a second wireless communication connection; and The available energy is distributed between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in the following manner: allocating a first portion of the available energy to the first wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the first wireless communication connection; allocating a second portion of the available energy to the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on one or more functionalities associated with the second wireless communication connection; as well as A third portion of the available energy is allocated to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection based at least in part on a first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and a second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is based on energy per byte of one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection; and The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is based on energy per byte of one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection.

3. The UE according to claim 2, wherein: the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is based on a first power compliance limit associated with the one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection; and The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is based on a second power compliance limit associated with the one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection.

4. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection; and The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is determined.

5. The UE of claim 4, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to perform the following operations: determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection by: The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more communications sent over the first wireless communication connection during a first time period.

6. The UE of claim 5, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to perform the following operations: determining the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection by: The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during the first time period.

7. The UE of claim 5, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to perform the following operations: determining the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection by: The second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during the second time period, the second time period being different from the first time period.

8. The UE according to claim 7, wherein: The first period is a current energy measurement period, and the second period is a previous energy measurement period occurring before the current energy measurement period; and The one or more memories further store instructions that can be executed by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to enable the UE to perform the following operations: Determining to base the second energy efficiency on the one or more communications sent over the second wireless communication connection during the second time period but not the first time period is based on at least one of: the UE not receiving any uplink grant associated with the second wireless communication connection during the first time period; a number of uplink grants for the UE associated with the second wireless communication connection during the first time period not satisfying a threshold; The UE does not perform physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communication during the first time period; or A time period has not expired, wherein the time period is based on at least one of a time correlation or a predetermined amount of time associated with the second wireless communication connection.

9. The UE of claim 4, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: determine the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection by: The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) communications sent over the first wireless communication connection.

10. The UE of claim 9, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: determine the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection by: Determining the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection includes padding bytes of the one or more PUSCH communications.

11. The UE of claim 9, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: determine the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection by: The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on the one or more PUSCH communications sent over the first wireless communication connection excluding padding bytes of the one or more PUSCH communications.

12. The UE of claim 4, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: determine the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection by: The first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection is determined based on one or more of: a path loss associated with the first wireless communication connection; a throughput associated with the first wireless communication connection; a bandwidth associated with the first wireless communication connection; a power compliance limit associated with the first wireless communication connection; or An amount of unutilized energy associated with the first wireless communication connection.

13. The UE of claim 1 , wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: allocate the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in the following manner: The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in each energy measurement period of a plurality of energy measurement periods.

14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: allocate the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in each energy measurement period of a plurality of energy measurement periods by: The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an initial energy measurement period of the plurality of energy measurement periods based at least in part on a default energy allocation.

15. The UE of claim 13, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: allocate the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in each energy measurement period of the plurality of energy measurement periods in the following manner: The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection to minimize a difference between the first energy efficiency of the first wireless communication connection and the second energy efficiency of the second wireless communication connection.

16. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: performing a handover for at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection; and The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an initial energy measurement period after performing the handover based at least in part on an energy allocation that is different than a last energy allocation before performing the handover.

17. The UE of claim 1, wherein the available energy comprises at least one of available reserved energy or available excess energy.

18. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The first wireless communication connection is associated with a first radio access technology (RAT); the second wireless communication connection is associated with a second RAT different from the first RAT; and The UE operates in a dual connectivity mode using the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

19. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The first wireless communication connection is associated with a first radio access technology (RAT); the second wireless communication connection is associated with the first RAT; and The UE operates in a carrier aggregation mode using the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

20. The UE according to claim 1, wherein: The first wireless communication connection is associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM); and The second wireless communication connection is associated with a second SIM different from the first SIM.

21. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: establishing a third wireless communication connection; and The one or more memories further store instructions that can be executed by the one or more processors alone or in any combination to cause the UE to perform the following operations: allocate the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection in the following manner: The available energy is distributed among the first wireless communication connection, the second wireless communication connection, and the third wireless communication connection.

22. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: an operation of switching antennas between a first antenna group and a second antenna group; and The available energy is allocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection during an energy measurement period immediately following the operation of switching the antenna based at least in part on an energy measurement period occurring before the operation of switching the antenna.

23. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: monitoring oversteering while allocating the third portion of the available energy to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection; and In response to detecting oversteering based on the monitoring, reallocate the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection such that the third portion of the available energy is allocated differently between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

24. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: monitor the oversteering by: determining whether a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) block error rate (BLER) satisfies a HARQ BLER threshold; determining whether the allocated energy per byte satisfies an energy per byte threshold; Determine whether byteLimit meets the byteLimit threshold; Determining whether the number of RLC retransmissions meets an RLC retransmission threshold; determining whether a radio link failure has been initiated; or It is determined whether the uplink path loss satisfies an uplink path loss threshold.

25. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: reallocate the third portion of the available energy by: reallocating the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on a default allocation; reallocating the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on a uniform distribution; or The third portion of the available energy is reallocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection based on a step change in energy allocation.

26. The UE of claim 23, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: reallocate the third portion of the available energy by: returning to a previous energy distribution that did not result in detected oversteer; Return to the last energy distribution before oversteer was detected; or A preset amount of energy is diverted to a less efficient wireless communication connection of the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

27. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: modifying one or more thresholds associated with the monitored parameters based on detecting oversteering; and Indications of oversteer are monitored based on the modified one or more thresholds.

28. The UE of claim 27, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: detecting said indication of oversteering based on monitoring said indication of oversteering based on the modified one or more thresholds; and In response to detecting the indication of the oversteering, a current energy distribution of the third portion of the available energy between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection is maintained.

29. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: monitoring unutilized energy allocated to at least one of the first wireless communication connection or the second wireless communication connection; and In response to detecting the unutilized energy based on the monitoring, the third portion of the available energy is reallocated between the first wireless communication connection and the second wireless communication connection.

30. The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more memories further store instructions executable by the one or more processors, alone or in any combination, to cause the UE to: A buffer status report (BSR) indicating an uplink buffer size of zero is sent based on detecting oversteering.

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