A composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field display

Abstract

This invention discloses a composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field displays, belonging to the field of three-dimensional light field display technology. It solves the problems of poor edge image display quality and low information utilization in existing three-dimensional light field display systems. The structure comprises a centrally symmetrical composite optical structure body, which includes a display panel, a first lens array layer, an aperture layer, and a second lens array layer arranged sequentially along the beam propagation direction. The composite optical structure body of this invention can provide viewers with a certain optimal viewing area. Within this optimal viewing area, the quality of the image viewed by the viewer will remain consistently clear, thereby not only improving the information utilization rate of the three-dimensional light field display but also enhancing viewing clarity and comfort.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of three-dimensional light field display technology, and more specifically to a composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field displays. Background Technology

[0002] 3D light field display technology is a widely used 3D display technology used to provide a more realistic and immersive 3D visual experience. Unlike traditional 2D display technology, 3D light field display can capture and reproduce the directional information of light, thus achieving a natural 3D visual effect without the need for special glasses or head-tracking devices.

[0003] However, existing 3D light field display systems exhibit a phenomenon where the central display area is clearer than the edge display areas. This is because, during the system design and optimization phase, the optimization of optical parameters such as optical blur and aberrations in the light control structure unit of the 3D display system is often limited to the front area of ​​the light control structure unit, which has certain angular limitations. When viewing the center of the screen, the viewer's position is generally in the front area of ​​the light control structure unit, and the optical blur and aberrations of the viewed image meet the design standards. However, when viewing the edge of the screen, the angle between the viewer's position and the edge often exceeds the optimized angle of the light control structure unit. This results in optical blur and aberrations caused by the light control structure unit exceeding the design specifications when viewing the edge of the screen, leading to poor image quality and low information utilization at the edge of the 3D light field display, thus reducing viewing clarity and comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of three-dimensional light field displays, thus solving the problems of poor edge image display quality and low information utilization in existing three-dimensional light field display systems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display includes a centrally symmetrical composite optical structure body. The composite optical structure body includes a display panel, a first lens array layer, an aperture layer, and a second lens array layer arranged sequentially along the beam propagation direction. The display panel projects a beam onto the first lens array layer. The first lens array layer includes multiple arrayed first lenses. The aperture layer includes multiple arrayed light-transmitting openings. The second lens array layer includes multiple arrayed second lenses. The multiple first lenses, multiple light-transmitting openings, and multiple second lenses are in a one-to-one correspondence, with the beam passing through each first lens sequentially passing through the corresponding light-transmitting opening. The first lens and the corresponding second lens constitute a compound eccentric lens group. The eccentricity angle of each compound eccentric lens group increases with the distance from the center line of the main body of the compound optical structure. The first lens, the light-transmitting opening, and the second lens located on the center line of the main body of the compound optical structure are the central first lens, the central light-transmitting opening, and the central second lens, respectively, which coincide with the center line. The viewing distance D of the second lens array layer has the optimal viewing area for consistently displaying the three-dimensional image of the entire area. The angle between the lines connecting the two farthest points in the optimal viewing area and the center point of the inner end face of the central second lens is the maximum viewing angle θ. The viewing distance D and the maximum viewing angle θ satisfy the following relationships:

[0007]

[0008] Where n is the number of compound eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the main body of the compound optical structure; p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; d is the spacing between the first lens array layer and the second lens array layer; γ is the optimal field of view of each compound eccentric lens group.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this solution are that applying the composite optical structure to a 3D display system provides viewers with an optimal viewing area. Within this optimal viewing area, the quality of the image remains consistently clear across all regions, thus improving not only the information utilization rate of the 3D light field display but also the clarity and comfort of viewing. The gradient design of the eccentric angle of the composite eccentric lens group, combined with strict optical parameter relationships, eliminates edge field aberrations in existing 3D light field display systems, ensuring consistent display quality between the screen center and edges.

[0010] Furthermore, the width of each light-transmitting opening is smaller than the distance between the centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings. This setting of the opening width allows for precise control of the light beam as it passes through, reducing light scattering and interference, thereby improving image quality.

[0011] Furthermore, the pitch p1 between two adjacent first lenses is greater than or equal to the pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses. This setting of the pitch of the first lens array layer optimizes the layout of the lens array and ensures the uniformity and consistency of the light beam as it passes through the lens array.

[0012] Furthermore, the pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses is greater than or equal to the distance between the centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings.

[0013] Furthermore, light passing through the optimal field of view passes through multiple composite eccentric lens groups to form multiple diffuse spots on the display panel. The root mean square radius of the multiple diffuse spots is consistent and smaller than the smallest sub-pixel size of the display panel, ensuring that the diffuse spots do not affect the display.

[0014] Furthermore, the distance z between the display panel and the first lens array layer satisfies the following relationship:

[0015]

[0016] Where f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of the first lens array layer and the second lens array layer, respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, the number of compound eccentric lens groups is 2n+1, where n is the number of compound eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the main body of the compound optical structure. This ensures the rationality of the number and layout of the compound eccentric lens groups, further optimizes the design of the optical structure, and improves image quality.

[0018] Furthermore, the first lens and the second lens are made of one or more of glass, plastic and optical resin. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the optimal viewing area and maximum viewing angle in a composite optical structure.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coding of a composite optical structure;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the eccentricity angle of a compound eccentric lens group;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the encoding of the first lens array layer;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional linear lens unit.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-dimensional lens unit;

[0025] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the encoding of the aperture layer;

[0026] Among them: 1. First lens array layer; 2. Aperture layer; 3. Second lens array layer. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display, including a composite optical structure body with a centrally symmetrical structure. The composite optical structure body includes a first lens array layer 1, an aperture layer 2, and a second lens array layer 3 arranged sequentially along the beam propagation direction.

[0030] The first lens array layer 1 is the first layer of the main body of the composite optical structure, and the display panel is covered below it; the aperture layer 2 is the second layer of the main body of the composite optical structure, and the first lens array layer 1 is below it, which can limit the area through which the light beam can pass; the second lens array layer 3 is the third layer of the main body of the composite optical structure, and the aperture layer 2 is below it.

[0031] The distance z between the display panel and the first lens array layer 1 satisfies the following relationship:

[0032]

[0033] Where f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3, respectively; d is the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3.

[0034] As a further solution in this embodiment, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The first lens array layer 1 comprises multiple arrayed first lenses. The pitch between two adjacent first lenses is p1. The first lens array layer 1 can be a one-dimensional linear lens unit, such as an array structure composed of cylindrical lens units. When this layer is composed of one-dimensional linear lens units, the lens at the center of the layer is defined as the central first lens, denoted as X0. Starting from the position of the central first lens and moving towards the edge of the first lens array layer 1, the first lenses are sequentially denoted as X1 to X2. n X nThis indicates that there are n first lenses on each side of the central first lens.

[0035] As another solution in this embodiment, refer to Figure 6 The first lens array layer 1 can be an array structure composed of two-dimensional lens units, such as circular lens units or rectangular lens units. When this layer is composed of two-dimensional lens units, the lens at the center of this layer is defined as the central lens, denoted as X. 00 The number of rows and columns of lenses arranged outwards from the central lens are denoted as X. nm X nm This indicates that the central lens has n lenses above and below, and m lenses to the left and right.

[0036] refer to Figure 7 The aperture layer 2 is composed of apertures arranged with a period of T, forming multiple arrayed light-transmitting openings.

[0037] As a further embodiment, the aperture layer 2 is an array structure composed of one-dimensional aperture units.

[0038] The numbering rule for aperture layer 2 is consistent with the numbering method for lens units in the first lens array layer 1, and is divided into two schemes: one where the layer is composed of one-dimensional apertures and the other where the layer is composed of two-dimensional apertures.

[0039] In this embodiment, when the aperture layer 2 is composed of one-dimensional apertures, the center of the layer corresponds to the center of the light-transmitting opening of a certain aperture. This aperture is defined as the central aperture, denoted as K0. The apertures arranged from the location of this aperture to the edge of the aperture layer 2 are denoted as K. n This indicates that there are n apertures on each side of the central aperture.

[0040] In another embodiment, when the aperture layer 2 is composed of a two-dimensional lens unit, the center position of this layer corresponds to the center of the light-transmitting opening of a certain aperture, and this aperture is defined as the central aperture, denoted as K. 00 The apertures are arranged outwards from the location of the central aperture, and the number of rows and columns from the central aperture is denoted as K. nm K nm This indicates that the central lens has n lenses on the left and right sides, and m lenses on the top and bottom sides.

[0041] The second lens array layer 3 is constructed in the same way as the first lens array layer 1, including multiple arrayed second lenses, which are numbered by the letter Y. The center of the central lens of the first lens array layer 1, the center of the central aperture of the aperture layer 2, and the center of the central lens of the second lens array layer 3 are located on the same straight line and are arranged perpendicularly to the plane of the composite optical structure.

[0042] refer to Figure 3In this structure, multiple first lenses, multiple light-transmitting openings, and multiple second lenses are in a one-to-one correspondence. The light beam passing through each first lens sequentially passes through its corresponding light-transmitting opening and second lens. Each first lens and its corresponding second lens constitute a compound eccentric lens group. The eccentricity angle of each compound eccentric lens group increases with distance from the centerline of the main body of the compound optical structure. The eccentricity angle α of the m-th compound eccentric lens group... m It satisfies the following relationship:

[0043]

[0044] Where p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses, and d is the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 The first lens, the light-transmitting opening, and the second lens, located on the central line of the main body of the composite optical structure, are respectively the central first lens, the central light-transmitting opening, and the central second lens, which coincide on the central line. The viewing distance D of the second lens array layer 3 has the optimal viewing area for consistently displaying the three-dimensional image of the entire area. The angle between the lines connecting the two farthest points in the optimal viewing area and the center point of the inner end face of the central second lens is the maximum viewing angle θ. The viewing distance D and the maximum viewing angle θ satisfy the following relationships:

[0046]

[0047] Where n is the number of compound eccentric lens groups located on one side of the centerline of the compound optical structure; p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; d is the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3; γ is the optimal field of view of each compound eccentric lens group; α max This represents the maximum eccentricity angle of the compound eccentric lens group. Light rays passing through the optimal field of view γ form multiple blur spots on the display panel through the multiple compound eccentric lens groups. The root mean square radius of the multiple blur spots is consistent and smaller than the smallest sub-pixel size of the display panel, ensuring that the blur spots do not affect the display.

[0048] Within the maximum viewing angle θ range, i.e. within the optimal viewing area, the quality of the image viewed by the viewer will remain consistently clear across all regions, which not only improves the information utilization rate of the three-dimensional light field display but also enhances the clarity and comfort of viewing.

[0049] As a further embodiment, the pitch p1 of the first lens array layer 1 and the width K of the m-th light-transmitting opening are... m The pitch p2 of the second lens array layer 3 and the period T of the aperture satisfy the following relationship: K m<T≤p2≤p1。

[0050] Example 2

[0051] This embodiment is a further limitation based on Embodiment 1. The specific improvement lies in how to provide a specific size based on the composite optical structure that optimizes the image quality of the three-dimensional light field display. Other parts not mentioned refer to Embodiment 1 or the prior art.

[0052] In this embodiment, reference Figure 1 The main body of the composite optical structure measures 345.6mm × 194.4mm in length and width, and the display panel has a pixel resolution of 3840 × 2160. The pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p1 = 300μm, the pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p2 = 295μm, and the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3 is d = 5mm. The maximum eccentricity angle α of the edge composite eccentric lens group was calculated. max for:

[0053]

[0054] in,

[0055] When the optimal field of view γ = 30° of the compound eccentric lens group, the maximum viewing angle θ formed at the viewing distance D = 50cm can be calculated as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Compared with existing technologies, the novel composite optical structure proposed in this embodiment can effectively improve the image quality of the viewing area, ensuring that the image quality of the edge area and the center area of ​​the display is consistent and clear within the maximum viewing angle.

[0058] Example 3

[0059] This embodiment is a further limitation based on Embodiment 1. The specific improvement lies in how to provide a specific size based on the composite optical structure that optimizes the image quality of the three-dimensional light field display. Other parts not mentioned refer to Embodiment 1 or the prior art.

[0060] In this implementation, refer to Figure 1 The main body of the composite optical structure measures 345.6mm × 194.4mm in length and width, and the display panel has a pixel resolution of 3840 × 2160. The pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p1 = 300μm, the pitch of the first lens array layer 1 is p2 = 290μm, and the distance between the first lens array layer 1 and the second lens array layer 3 is d = 5mm. The maximum eccentricity angle α of the edge composite eccentric lens group was calculated. max for:

[0061]

[0062] in

[0063] When the optimal field of view γ = 30° of the compound eccentric lens group, the optimal viewing angle θ formed at the viewing distance D = 50cm can be calculated as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Compared with existing technologies, the novel composite optical structure proposed in this embodiment can effectively improve the image quality of the viewing area, ensuring that the image quality of the edge area and the center area of ​​the display is consistent and clear within the maximum viewing angle.

[0066] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Various modifications and variations that can be made by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort within the scope described in the claims still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display, characterized in that, The composite optical structure body is a centrally symmetrical structure, which includes a display panel, a first lens array layer (1), an aperture layer (2), and a second lens array layer (3) arranged sequentially along the beam propagation direction. The display panel is used to project a light beam onto the first lens array layer (1); The first lens array layer (1) includes a plurality of first lenses arranged in an array; The aperture layer (2) includes multiple light-transmitting openings distributed in an array; The second lens array layer (3) includes multiple arrayed second lenses; The plurality of first lenses, the plurality of light-transmitting openings, and the plurality of second lenses are in a one-to-one correspondence. The light beam passing through each first lens passes through the corresponding light-transmitting opening and the second lens in sequence. Each first lens and the corresponding second lens constitute a compound eccentric lens group. The eccentricity angle of each compound eccentric lens group increases with the distance away from the center line of the compound optical structure. The first lens, the light-transmitting opening, and the second lens located on the center line of the compound optical structure are respectively the central first lens, the central light-transmitting opening, and the central second lens that coincide with the center line. The second lens array layer (3) has an optimal viewing area at viewing distance D that consistently displays a three-dimensional image of the entire area. The angle between the lines connecting the two points furthest apart in the optimal viewing area and the center point of the inner end face of the central second lens is the maximum viewing angle θ. The viewing distance D and the maximum viewing angle θ satisfy the following relationships: Where n is the number of composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the main body of the composite optical structure; p1 is the pitch between two adjacent first lenses, p2 is the pitch between two adjacent second lenses; d is the distance between the first lens array layer (1) and the second lens array layer (3); γ is the optimal field of view of each composite eccentric lens group.

2. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of each light-transmitting opening is smaller than the distance between the centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings.

3. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pitch p1 between two adjacent first lenses is greater than or equal to the pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses.

4. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pitch p2 between two adjacent second lenses is greater than or equal to the distance between the centers of two adjacent light-transmitting openings.

5. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that, Light rays passing through the optimal field of view pass through multiple composite eccentric lens groups to form multiple diffuse spots on the display panel. The root mean square radius of the multiple diffuse spots is consistent and is smaller than the minimum sub-pixel size of the display panel.

6. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance z between the display panel and the first lens array layer (1) satisfies the following relationship: Wherein, f1 and f2 are the focal lengths of the first lens array layer (1) and the second lens array layer (3), respectively.

7. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of composite eccentric lens groups is 2n+1, where n is the number of composite eccentric lens groups located on one side of the center line of the main body of the composite optical structure.

8. The composite optical structure for optimizing the image quality of a three-dimensional light field display according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first lens and the second lens are made of one or more of glass, plastic and optical resin.

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