Virtual power plant construction method, device, equipment, medium and program

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a virtual power plant construction method and device, equipment, a medium and a program, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring basic operation costs of real users and virtual users respectively; simulating that a real user trades target unit electric quantity to other real users and virtual users, and determining actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user in the transaction process according to the basic operation costs; calculating a first cost difference value between the real users and a second cost difference value between the real user and the virtual user based on the actual transaction costs of the real user and the virtual user; and constructing a virtual power plant according to the first cost difference value and the second cost difference value. Therefore, the problems that the solving dimension of the dynamic construction decision of the virtual power plant in the related art is high, the calculation efficiency is low, and the operation cost growth caused by the power sale of the virtual power plant cannot be accurately calculated are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power system technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment, medium and program for constructing a virtual power plant. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous increase in the penetration rate of distributed energy and the rapid development of energy internet technology, virtual power plants have provided new ideas for distributed power generation companies to participate in the market. They can not only effectively promote the consumption of high proportion of new energy and improve the grid balance regulation capacity, but also guarantee the interests of resource users and increase their enthusiasm for participating in the market. They are becoming an important part and key measure in the construction of new power systems.

[0003] At present, with the gradual opening of the electricity market, the demand for virtual power plants to participate in competition as market players is becoming increasingly prominent. The dynamic construction of virtual power plants requires continuous adjustment of internal resource combinations based on actual operation, and dynamic aggregation of distributed resources through communication and coordination between distributed resource agents.

[0004] In related technologies, the dynamic construction decision-making of virtual power plants falls under the category of large-scale MILP (Mixed-Integer Linear Programming) problems. With each additional end-user, the matrix dimension of the objective function and constraints in the decision model increases exponentially, and traditional optimization methods cannot address the computational burden on the model. Furthermore, traditional optimization methods can only obtain the optimization results of decision variables from the solution set; the power dispatching between users remains a black box during the optimization process, making it impossible to accurately calculate the increase in operating costs caused by the sale of electricity from the virtual power plant, resulting in poor interpretability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, equipment, medium, and program for constructing a virtual power plant, in order to solve the problems of high solution dimensionality in the dynamic construction decision of virtual power plants, resulting in low computational efficiency and inability to accurately calculate the increase in operating costs caused by the sale of electricity from virtual power plants.

[0006] A first aspect of this application provides a method for constructing a virtual power plant, comprising the following steps: obtaining the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users respectively; simulating real users trading a target unit of electricity with other real users and the virtual users, and determining the actual transaction costs of the real users and the virtual users respectively during the transaction process based on the basic operating costs; calculating a first cost difference between the real users and a second cost difference between the real users and the virtual users based on the actual transaction costs of the real users and the virtual users respectively; and constructing the virtual power plant based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0007] Optionally, constructing the virtual power plant based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference includes: constructing multiple matching pairs based on at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs between real users and real users, and matching pairs between real users and virtual users; filtering the multiple matching pairs for target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; and determining whether the virtual power plant has been successfully constructed based on the target matching pairs.

[0008] Optionally, constructing multiple matching pairs based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference includes: if the first cost difference is greater than or equal to a first pairing threshold, then it is determined that a real user and a real user are successfully paired; if the second cost difference is greater than or equal to a second pairing threshold, then it is determined that a real user and a virtual user are successfully paired; if the first cost difference is less than the first pairing threshold and the second cost difference is less than the second pairing threshold, then it is determined that the pairing has failed.

[0009] Optionally, determining whether the virtual power plant has been successfully constructed based on the target matching pair includes: if there is a virtual member in the target matching pair and the virtual member generates virtual transaction volume, then the virtual power plant has been successfully constructed; otherwise, the construction has failed.

[0010] Optionally, the step of selecting target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching includes: calculating the total operating cost of each matching pair after the transaction; and selecting matching pairs whose total operating cost satisfies the optimization objective of the virtual power plant as target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching.

[0011] Optionally, calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction includes: obtaining the total operating cost of real users and the operating cost of virtual users in each matching pair; and calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction based on the total operating cost of real users and the operating cost of virtual users.

[0012] A second aspect of this application provides a virtual power plant construction apparatus, comprising: an acquisition module for acquiring the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users respectively; a simulation module for simulating real users trading a target unit of electricity with other real users and the virtual users, and determining the actual transaction costs of the real users and the virtual users respectively during the transaction process based on the basic operating costs; a calculation module for calculating a first cost difference between real users and a second cost difference between real users and virtual users based on the actual transaction costs of the real users and virtual users respectively; and a construction module for constructing the virtual power plant based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0013] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to perform the virtual power plant construction method as described in the above embodiments.

[0014] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to perform the virtual power plant construction method as described in the above embodiments.

[0015] A fifth aspect of this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed, implement the virtual power plant construction method as described in the above embodiments.

[0016] Therefore, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) In this embodiment, the power company can be assumed to be a virtual member participating in the transaction matching, and the power sent and received in the simulated matching is the same. The virtual transaction is carried out with the target unit power. The actual transaction cost of the real user and the virtual user is calculated during the transaction. The first cost difference between the real user and the virtual user and the second cost difference between the real user and the virtual user are calculated based on the actual transaction cost of the real user and the virtual user. The virtual power plant is constructed according to the first cost difference and the second cost difference. The user can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching. The solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought by the virtual transaction as the matching basis. The construction consistency of the virtual power plant is determined based on the matching result of the virtual member, thus solving the traditional optimization "black box" problem.

[0018] (2) The embodiments of this application can simulate real users trading target unit electricity with other real users and virtual users, decompose global optimization into local iterative matching, avoid solving high-dimensional models at once, and reduce computational complexity.

[0019] (3) The embodiments of this application can accelerate convergence based on the selective update mechanism of user information, that is, in each round of update, only the marginal cost of the users who were successfully matched in the previous round is updated, rather than the full data, which reduces the number of calls to the objective function, improves computational efficiency, and effectively improves the scalability of the transaction matching strategy and its applicability in real-world scenarios.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a virtual power plant construction method provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a virtual power plant construction apparatus provided according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0026] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program for constructing a virtual power plant according to embodiments of this application.

[0027] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a virtual power plant, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing a virtual power plant includes the following steps:

[0029] In step S101, the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users are obtained respectively.

[0030] It is understood that the embodiments of this application can obtain the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users respectively, so as to facilitate the subsequent calculation of the difference in operating costs between real users and virtual users.

[0031] It should be noted that this application assumes that the power company is a virtual member participating in virtual transactions, and that the distributed resource users or end users are real users participating in virtual transactions. Distributed resource users can include distributed power generation facilities (such as rooftop photovoltaic power stations, small wind turbines, biomass power generation devices, micro hydropower generators, gas turbines, diesel generators, etc.), energy storage systems, power grids, etc., without specific limitations.

[0032] Specifically, the operating cost of each distributed resource user and virtual member is calculated based on the independent operating cost of the resource users aggregated by the virtual power plant, and this cost is used as the baseline value. The baseline operating cost for each distributed resource user can be calculated based on the objective function, but since virtual members do not act as agents for any distributed resources and only incur electricity purchase costs when purchasing electricity, their baseline cost is 0.

[0033] The baseline operating cost for each distributed resource user can be calculated based on the objective function, and its formula is as follows:

[0034] ;

[0035] in, The operating cost for the i-th real user Let t be the time-of-use electricity price. The net load at time t is related to the charging and discharging behavior of distributed energy storage. As variables, The price is a penalty for breach of contract. The contract power is the TOU energy cost, the time-of-use electricity cost is the time-of-use electricity cost, and the contract penalty cost is the cost of breaching the contract.

[0036] In step S102, a simulated real user trades the target unit of electricity to other real and virtual users, and the actual transaction cost for each real and virtual user during the transaction is determined based on the basic operating cost.

[0037] It is understood that the embodiments of this application can simulate real users trading target units of electricity with other real and virtual users, determine the actual transaction costs of real and virtual users in the transaction process based on basic operating costs, decompose global optimization into local iterative matching, avoid solving high-dimensional models all at once, and reduce computational complexity.

[0038] It should be noted that, in order to ensure that the sent and received power is the same in each simulated match, it is assumed that the distributed resource user and the virtual member conduct virtual transactions with a fixed unit power (fixed step size); since both real users and virtual users will generate virtual operating costs after the virtual transaction, the actual transaction cost generated in the transaction process can be determined based on the difference between the virtual operating cost and the basic operating cost.

[0039] Specifically, when a real user receives electricity at a certain moment, its net load will decrease by one step. The reduced net load is then used to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction in the objective function. Based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost, the difference in operating cost for the user after receiving a unit of electricity is calculated, which is the actual transaction cost. As a result, the operating cost of the user receiving electricity will be reduced.

[0040] When a real user sends out electricity at a certain moment, its net load will increase by one step. The increased net load is then used to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction in the objective function. Based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost, the difference in operating cost after the real user sends out a unit of electricity is calculated, which is the actual transaction cost. The operating cost of distributed resource users will increase.

[0041] Virtual members do not act as agents for distributed generation and do not have the ability to supply electricity to users. They only represent the sale of electricity from the virtual power plant to external power companies by receiving electricity. Therefore, the operating cost of virtual members has been declining. Since the baseline value of the operating cost of virtual members is 0, the operating cost of virtual members after receiving electricity is the actual transaction cost.

[0042] It should be noted that the actual transaction cost after the transaction, i.e., the change in operating costs, is calculated using the following formula:

[0043]

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] in, and These represent the changes in operating costs for the i-th real user after receiving and sending electricity, respectively, i.e., the actual transaction costs. The operating cost for the i-th real user and Let be the operating costs of the i-th real user after receiving and sending electricity, respectively. Let t be the amount of electricity received by the virtual member. The actual transaction cost after a virtual member receives electricity; Let t be the spot market electricity price.

[0047] In step S103, based on the actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users respectively, a first cost difference between real users and a second cost difference between real users and virtual users are calculated.

[0048] It should be noted that all real and virtual users participating in the simulated transaction matching are paired one by one to select target matching pairs to construct virtual power plants. Therefore, before constructing virtual power plants, the first cost difference between real users and the second cost difference between real and virtual users are calculated. Target matching pairs that meet the constraints are selected based on the first and second cost differences to construct virtual power plants.

[0049] Specifically, a first cost difference between real users is calculated based on the actual transaction costs between each real user in virtual transactions, and a second cost difference between real users and virtual users is calculated based on the actual transaction costs between real users and virtual users in virtual transactions.

[0050] In step S104, a virtual power plant is constructed based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0051] It is understood that the embodiments of this application can construct virtual power plants based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference, so that users can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulation match. The solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought about by virtual transactions, and the construction consistency of the virtual power plant can be determined based on the matching results of virtual members.

[0052] In this embodiment of the application, constructing a virtual power plant based on a first cost difference and a second cost difference includes: constructing multiple matching pairs based on at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs between real users and real users, and matching pairs between real users and virtual users; filtering the multiple matching pairs for target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; and determining whether the virtual power plant has been successfully constructed based on the target matching pairs.

[0053] It is understood that the embodiments of this application can construct multiple matching pairs based on at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference. In each round of transactions, the matching pair with the largest reduction in total cost is selected as the target match, ensuring that each optimization step is directed towards the global economic optimum, thereby achieving high efficiency, economy and transparency in the dynamic construction of virtual power plants.

[0054] In this embodiment of the application, multiple matching pairs are constructed based on a first cost difference and a second cost difference, including: if the first cost difference is greater than or equal to a first pairing threshold, it is determined that a real user and a real user are successfully paired; if the second cost difference is greater than or equal to a second pairing threshold, it is determined that a real user and a virtual user are successfully paired; if the first cost difference is less than the first pairing threshold and the second cost difference is less than the second pairing threshold, it is determined that the pairing has failed.

[0055] The first pairing threshold and the second pairing threshold can both be 0, without any specific restrictions.

[0056] It is understood that the embodiments of this application can achieve efficient screening and transparent decision-making for the dynamic construction of virtual power plants by setting a clear cost difference threshold.

[0057] It should be noted that if or If the cost reduction is achieved, it indicates a decrease in the user's total operating cost, and the pairing is successful. In each iteration of the matching process, the pairing result with the largest cost reduction is selected as the best pairing and included in the matching decision. The above steps are repeated until no pairing results in a decrease in total cost, at which point the simulation matching ends.

[0058] In this embodiment of the application, determining whether a virtual power plant is successfully constructed based on a target matching pair includes: if there is a virtual member in the target matching pair and the virtual member generates virtual transaction volume, then the virtual power plant is successfully constructed; otherwise, the construction fails.

[0059] It is understood that in this embodiment of the application, if there are virtual members in the target matching pair and the virtual members generate virtual transaction volume, the virtual power plant is successfully constructed; otherwise, the construction fails. Since the transaction volume of the virtual members directly reflects the interaction capability between the virtual power plant and the external power grid, it is the core function of the virtual power plant as a market entity. The existence of virtual transaction volume means that arbitrage space can be generated after resource aggregation, ensuring the economic feasibility of the virtual power plant. Successful construction indicates that distributed resources can flexibly respond to market signals and achieve supply and demand balance.

[0060] It should be noted that, regarding the question of whether distributed resource end-users aggregate into virtual power plants to participate in spot market transactions, this can be determined based on the virtual transaction volume information of virtual member pairings fed back during the simulated transaction matching process. If virtual members successfully pair up and generate virtual transaction volume at any time (i.e., If the result is positive, it means the virtual power plant has completed the dynamic construction decision; otherwise, the dynamic construction has failed.

[0061] In this embodiment of the application, the selection of target matching pairs in the current round of transaction matching includes: calculating the total operating cost of each matching pair after the transaction; and selecting matching pairs whose total operating cost meets the optimization objective of the virtual power plant as target matching pairs in the current round of transaction matching.

[0062] It is understood that the embodiments of this application can select the optimal matching pair in each round of transaction matching to minimize costs, dynamically respond to market changes, and improve robustness.

[0063] It should be noted that the optimization objective of the virtual power plant is to minimize the total operating cost of the best matching pair.

[0064] Specifically, the dynamic construction process of simulated matching relies on multiple iterative matching until a construction strategy is generated. After each simulated matching produces a matching pair, the marginal cost of the successfully matched distributed resource user will change, that is, the unit cost when a virtual transaction occurs again will change, and the objective function needs to be called to recalculate.

[0065] The number of calls to the objective function increases rapidly and exponentially with the number of users, leading to solution difficulties and the curse of dimensionality. To address this, this application proposes a partial update mechanism to improve solution speed. In fact, to ensure energy balance, only two distributed resource users simulate matching using a fixed-step electricity amount as the transaction volume in each iteration, while the marginal cost of other users remains unchanged.

[0066] Therefore, this application proposes an accelerated convergence method based on a selective update mechanism of user information in the above-mentioned simulation matching strategy. That is, in the simulation matching process, only the marginal cost of the two users who were successfully matched in the previous iteration is updated (the cost difference generated by sending and receiving is calculated based on the fixed step size transaction volume), while the matching information of other distributed resource users remains unchanged.

[0067] This mechanism can reduce the number of simulated matching calls in each round to two users, effectively improving the scalability of the simulated matching strategy and its applicability in real-world scenarios. In this way, the system can dynamically respond to changes in the supply and demand relationship between different users, thereby optimizing overall performance and improving economic efficiency.

[0068] The calculation of the cost change for the i-th real user from the current iteration to the next iteration is determined by whether the i-th user was paired in the previous iteration. The formula for calculating the cost change is as follows:

[0069]

[0070] in, This represents the cost change for the i-th real user from the current iteration to the next iteration. The total cost of the i-th real user is reduced by the cost of its shared portion, where the cost of the shared portion can be the cost of energy resources, costs, or other forms of cooperation shared between users; update unit transactioncost represents the updated unit transaction cost, which is the cost adjustment caused by the pairing operation in the previous iteration. If the i-th real user is not paired, the user's cost does not change; if end-useri is paired in the last iteration means if real user i was paired in the previous iteration.

[0071] In this embodiment of the application, calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction includes: obtaining the total operating cost of real users and the operating cost of virtual users in each matching pair; and calculating the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction based on the total operating cost of real users and the operating cost of virtual users.

[0072] It is understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the total operating cost after the transaction of each matching pair can be calculated based on the total operating cost of the real users and the operating cost of the virtual users in each matching pair, so as to calculate the total cost of the virtual power plant and thereby select matching pairs that meet the conditions.

[0073] Specifically, using economic cost as the triggering condition for the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this application will simulate the construction cost model of virtual power plants with the minimization of operating costs as the optimization objective function:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] in, The operating cost for the i-th real user Let t be the time-of-use electricity price. The net load at time t is related to the charging and discharging behavior of distributed energy storage. As variables, The price is a penalty for breach of contract. Contract power; The cost of electricity sold by the virtual power plant. Let t be the spot market electricity price. Let t be the total electricity sold by the virtual power plant to the external power grid at time t, TOU energy cost be the time-of-use electricity price cost, and Contract penalty cost be the cost of breach of contract.

[0077] It should be noted that the operating cost of the i-th real user in the objective function of this application... There are two costs involved: one is the cost of electricity that varies over time, and the other is the cost of penalties incurred for exceeding the contractually stipulated requirements.

[0078] According to the virtual power plant construction method proposed in this application, the power company is assumed to be a virtual member participating in transaction matching, and the power sent and received in the simulated matching is the same. Virtual transactions are conducted with a target unit of power. The actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users are calculated during the transaction process. Based on the actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users, a first cost difference and a second cost difference between real users and virtual users are calculated. A virtual power plant is constructed based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference. This allows users to more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching. The solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought about by virtual transactions as the matching basis. The consistency of the virtual power plant construction is determined based on the matching results of virtual members, thus solving the "black box" problem of traditional optimization.

[0079] The virtual power plant construction method of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, as follows:

[0080] (1) Optimization objective function for dynamic construction of virtual power plants

[0081] Using economic cost as the trigger condition for the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this application will simulate the construction cost model of virtual power plants with the optimization objective of minimizing operating costs:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] in, The operating cost for the i-th real user Let t be the time-of-use electricity price. The net load at time t is related to the charging and discharging behavior of distributed energy storage. As variables, The price is a penalty for breach of contract. Contract power; The cost of electricity sold by the virtual power plant. Let t be the spot market electricity price. Let t be the total electricity sold by the virtual power plant to the external power grid at time t, TOU energy cost be the time-of-use electricity price cost, and Contract penalty cost be the cost of breach of contract.

[0086] (2) Fixed step size simulation matching strategy

[0087] To better assess the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this application treats the power company as a virtual member participating in virtual transactions. Furthermore, to ensure that the sent and received electricity volumes are identical in each simulation match, it is assumed that distributed resource users and virtual members conduct virtual transactions with a fixed unit of electricity volume (fixed step size).

[0088] The transmission and reception of electricity per unit will result in a difference in operating costs between distributed resource users and virtual members. This strategy simulates and matches based on the difference in operating costs for each end user and virtual member, thereby obtaining a dynamic construction decision for the virtual power plant. The specific process is as follows:

[0089] Step 1: Baseline Calculation of Operating Costs

[0090] Using the independent operating costs of resource users aggregated by the virtual power plant as a benchmark, the operating costs of each distributed resource user and virtual member are calculated and used as the cost baseline. The operating cost baseline for each distributed resource user can be calculated based on the objective function; however, since virtual members do not act as agents for any distributed resources and only incur electricity purchase costs when purchasing electricity, their cost baseline is 0.

[0091] Step 2: Calculation of the difference in operating costs during the simulation matching process

[0092] Calculate the operating cost for each distributed resource user after sending and receiving a unit of electricity (fixed step size) in each time period.

[0093] When a real user receives electricity at a certain moment, its net load will decrease by one step. The reduced net load is then used to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction in the objective function. Based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost, the difference in operating cost after the user receives a unit of electricity is calculated, which is the actual transaction cost. As a result, the operating cost of the user receiving electricity will be reduced.

[0094] When a real user sends out electricity at a certain moment, its net load will increase by one step. The increased net load is then used to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction in the objective function. Based on the basic operating cost and the virtual operating cost, the difference in operating cost after the real user sends out a unit of electricity is calculated, which is the actual transaction cost. The operating cost of distributed resource users will increase.

[0095] Virtual members do not act as agents for distributed generation and lack the ability to supply electricity to users. They merely represent the sale of electricity from a virtual power plant to an external power company by receiving electricity. Therefore, the operating costs of virtual members consistently show a downward trend. Since the baseline operating cost of virtual members is 0, the operating cost of a virtual member after receiving electricity is the actual transaction cost. That is:

[0096]

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] in, and These represent the changes in operating costs for the i-th real user after receiving and sending electricity, respectively, i.e., the actual transaction costs. The operating cost for the i-th real user and The operating costs for the i-th real user after receiving and sending electricity, respectively. Let t be the amount of electricity received by the virtual member. The actual transaction cost after a virtual member receives electricity; Let t be the spot market electricity price.

[0100] Step 3: Transaction Matching

[0101] Based on the operating cost baseline and cost difference calculation in step 2, all distributed resource user entities participating in the simulated transaction matching are paired one by one. If or If the cost reduction is achieved, the user's total operating cost will be reduced, indicating a successful match. During each iteration of the matching process, the match that results in the largest cost reduction is selected as the best match and included in the matching decision. This process is repeated until no match results in a reduction in total cost, at which point the simulation matching ends.

[0102] The specific process of the above algorithm is as follows:

[0103] 1) Calculate and record the initial cost:

[0104] Calculate the baseline operating cost for end users and record it as follows: The baseline operating cost for virtual members is recorded as 0, and the unit shared electricity is recorded as... .

[0105] 2) First iteration:

[0106] For each time point t to T, and for each user i to N, perform the following operations:

[0107] Calculate the operating costs after real users receive electricity, and record the reduction in operating costs. ;

[0108] Calculate the operating costs after electricity is delivered to real users, and record the increase in operating costs. ;

[0109] Calculate the operating cost of virtual members after receiving electricity, and record the reduction in operating cost. ;

[0110] 3) All user entities participating in the transaction matching will be paired one-to-one.

[0111] Pairing process:

[0112] If the pairing is successful, then It was selected as the best match at time t.

[0113] If no suitable pair is found, skip this step.

[0114] 4) Select the best full-time matching:

[0115] Compare the best match for each time period Select the best match within the entire time period. .

[0116] 5) If both sides of the best match are end users, then update the net load of the selected end user as follows:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] in, The net load after power is delivered to the actual user i. The net load after a real user i receives unit power.

[0120] If the best-match receiver is a virtual member, then update the virtual member's receive power as follows:

[0121] ;

[0122] in, For virtual members The received power at any given time The unit received power for virtual members.

[0123] In the formula, and These are the identifiers of the selected end-users whose transmit and receive power are optimally matched. The selected best pairing moment.

[0124] 6) Convergence criterion:

[0125] Determine if the convergence condition is met: ;

[0126] If there exists a time point t where the cost change ΔC(t) is less than 0, then proceed to the next round of iterative matching; otherwise, end the transaction matching process.

[0127] 7) Output optimization results:

[0128] If all conditions are met during the above process, the virtual power plant is successfully constructed.

[0129] Otherwise, if an effective match is not found or the optimization goal is not achieved, the virtual power plant dynamic construction is considered to have failed.

[0130] (3) Accelerated convergence methods:

[0131] The dynamic construction process based on the above-mentioned simulated matching requires multiple iterative matching until a construction strategy is generated. After each simulated matching produces a matching pair, the marginal cost of the successfully matched distributed resource users changes, meaning the unit cost of subsequent virtual transactions changes, requiring recalculation of the objective function. The number of objective function calls increases rapidly and exponentially with the number of users, leading to solution difficulties and the curse of dimensionality. Therefore, this application proposes a partial update mechanism to improve solution speed. In fact, to ensure energy balance, only two distributed resource users simulate matching with a fixed-step electricity volume in each iteration, while the marginal costs of other users remain unchanged. Therefore, this application proposes an accelerated convergence method based on a selective update mechanism for user information in the above-mentioned simulated matching strategy. Specifically, during the simulated matching process, only the marginal costs of the two successfully matched users from the previous iteration are updated (calculated based on the cost difference between sending and receiving based on the fixed-step transaction volume), while the matching information of other distributed resource users remains unchanged. This mechanism reduces the dimension of each round of simulated matching calls to two users, effectively improving the scalability and applicability of the simulated matching strategy in real-world scenarios. That is:

[0132]

[0133] This represents the cost change for the i-th real user from the current iteration to the next iteration. The total cost of the i-th real user is reduced by the cost of its shared portion, where the cost of the shared portion can be the cost of energy resources, costs, or other forms of cooperation shared between users; update unit transactioncost represents the updated unit transaction cost, which is the cost adjustment caused by the pairing operation in the previous iteration. If the i-th real user is not paired, the user's cost does not change; if end-useri is paired in the last iteration means if real user i was paired in the previous iteration.

[0134] (4) Method for judging the dynamic construction of virtual power plants

[0135] Based on the above-mentioned simulation matching strategy, the cost difference resulting from fixed-step transactions between distributed resource users and virtual members can be accurately calculated. Simultaneously, this method feeds back the matching information from each round to the user and provides the change in the total operating cost of each pair of matches as proof of pairing, offering it to the user for verification, thereby improving the interpretability of the optimization results. Therefore, the question of whether distributed resource users should aggregate into virtual power plants to participate in market transactions can be determined based on the virtual transaction volume of virtual member pairings fed back during the simulation matching process. If a virtual member successfully pairs and generates virtual transaction volume (i.e., ...) at any given time... If the result is positive, it means the virtual power plant has completed the dynamic construction decision; otherwise, the dynamic construction has failed.

[0136] In summary, this application first considers the computational burden of the dynamic construction model of virtual power plants and proposes a fixed-step transaction matching strategy. To better determine the dynamic construction of virtual power plants, this strategy assumes the power grid is a virtual member participating in transaction matching. Furthermore, to ensure that the sent and received electricity is the same in each transaction matching, it is assumed that the end user and the virtual member conduct exploratory transactions with a fixed unit of electricity. Then, an accelerated convergence method based on a selective update mechanism for user information is proposed in the above transaction matching strategy, effectively improving the scalability and applicability of the transaction matching strategy in real-world scenarios. Finally, the solvability of the transaction matching strategy is analyzed through an iterative calculation method for matching costs, and the success of virtual power plant pairing is determined based on the pairing scheme of virtual members during the transaction matching process.

[0137] Next, the virtual power plant construction apparatus proposed according to the embodiments of this application is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0138] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a virtual power plant construction device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0139] like Figure 2 As shown, the virtual power plant construction device 10 includes: an acquisition module 100, a simulation module 200, a calculation module 300, and a construction module 400.

[0140] The acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the basic operating costs of real users and virtual users respectively; the simulation module 200 is used to simulate real users trading target unit electricity with other real users and virtual users, and determine the actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users respectively during the transaction process based on the basic operating costs; the calculation module 300 is used to calculate the first cost difference between real users and the second cost difference between real users and virtual users based on the actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users respectively; and the construction module 400 is used to construct a virtual power plant based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference.

[0141] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the virtual power plant construction method embodiment also applies to the virtual power plant construction device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0142] According to the virtual power plant construction device proposed in the embodiments of this application, the power company is assumed to be a virtual member participating in transaction matching, and the power sent and received in the simulated matching is the same. Virtual transactions are carried out with a target unit of power. The actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users are calculated during the transaction process. Based on the actual transaction costs of real users and virtual users, a first cost difference and a second cost difference between real users and virtual users are calculated. The virtual power plant is constructed based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference. Thus, users can more intuitively determine the cost difference of each simulated matching. The solvability of the virtual power plant construction strategy can be analyzed based on the cost difference brought about by virtual transactions as the matching basis. Based on the matching results of virtual members, it is determined whether the virtual power plant has achieved construction consistency, thus solving the "black box" problem of traditional optimization.

[0143] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include:

[0144] The memory 301, the processor 302, and the computer program stored on the memory 301 and capable of running on the processor 302.

[0145] When processor 302 executes the program, it implements the virtual power plant construction method provided in the above embodiments.

[0146] Furthermore, electronic devices also include:

[0147] Communication interface 303 is used for communication between memory 301 and processor 302.

[0148] The memory 301 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 302.

[0149] The memory 301 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0150] If the memory 301, processor 302, and communication interface 303 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 303, memory 301, and processor 302 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 3 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0151] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 301, processor 302, and communication interface 303 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 301, processor 302, and communication interface 303 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0152] Processor 302 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0153] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the virtual power plant construction method described above.

[0154] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed, implement the virtual power plant construction method described above.

[0155] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0156] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0157] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0158] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or more of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0159] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a virtual power plant, characterized in that, The virtual power plant is dynamically constructed by continuously adjusting its internal resource combination based on actual operation. Through communication and coordination between distributed resource agents, it achieves dynamic aggregation of distributed resources. The decision-making process for the dynamic construction of the virtual power plant is a large-scale MILP problem. With each additional end-user, the matrix dimension of the objective function and constraints in the decision model will increase exponentially. The method is applied to electronic devices, utilizing the processor of the electronic device to process the virtual power plant construction method. The method includes the following steps: Obtain the cost baseline values ​​for real users and virtual users respectively. In this case, the power company is assumed to be a virtual member participating in virtual transactions, and the distributed resource users or end users are assumed to be real users participating in virtual transactions. Distributed resource users include distributed generation facilities, energy storage systems and power grids. The operating cost of each distributed resource user and virtual member is calculated based on the independent operating cost of the resource users aggregated by the virtual power plant, and is used as the cost baseline value. The cost baseline value of the virtual member is 0. The simulation involves real users trading target unit electricity with other real users and the virtual user. Based on the cost baseline, the actual transaction costs for each real user and the virtual user during the transaction are determined. Global optimization is decomposed into local iterative matching, avoiding a one-time solution of the high-dimensional model and reducing computational complexity. Specifically, when a real user receives the target unit electricity at the target time, the net load decreases by one step; when a real user sends out the target unit electricity at the target time, the net load increases by one step. The updated net load is then used in the objective function to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction. The difference in operating costs after a user receives a unit of electricity is calculated based on the cost baseline and the virtual operating cost. Virtual members do not act as agents for distributed generation and do not have the ability to supply electricity to real users. Receiving electricity represents the virtual power plant selling electricity to real users, so the operating cost of virtual members consistently decreases. Since the operating cost baseline for virtual members is 0, the operating cost after a virtual member receives electricity is the actual transaction cost. Based on the actual transaction costs of the real users and the virtual users, calculate the first cost difference between the real users and the second cost difference between the real users and the virtual users; The virtual power plant is constructed based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein multiple matching pairs are constructed based on at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs between real users and between real users and between real users and virtual users; with the optimization objective of minimizing operating costs, multiple matching pairs are selected as target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; the virtual power plant is determined to be successfully constructed based on the target matching pairs, wherein if there are virtual users in the target matching pairs and the virtual users generate virtual transaction volume, the virtual power plant is successfully constructed, otherwise the construction fails, wherein with the optimization objective of minimizing operating costs, multiple matching pairs are selected as target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching, including: Compare the best matching pairs in each time period and select the best matching pair for the entire time period; If both parties in the best match are end users, then update the net load of the selected end user as follows: in, The net load after power is delivered to the actual user i. The net load after a real user i receives unit power; If the best-match receiver is a virtual member, then update the virtual member's receive power as follows: ； in, For virtual members The received power at any given time The unit received power for virtual members; In the formula, and These are the identifiers of the selected end-users whose transmit and receive power are optimally matched. The selected best pairing moment.

2. The virtual power plant construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of constructing multiple matching pairs based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference includes: If the first cost difference is greater than or equal to the first pairing threshold, then it is determined that a real user and a real user have been successfully paired. If the second cost difference is greater than or equal to the second pairing threshold, then it is determined that the real user and the virtual user have been successfully paired. If the first cost difference is less than the first pairing threshold and the second cost difference is less than the second pairing threshold, then the pairing is determined to have failed.

3. The virtual power plant construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the virtual power plant has been successfully constructed based on the target matching pair includes: If a virtual member exists in the target matching pair and the virtual member generates virtual transaction volume, then the virtual power plant is successfully constructed; otherwise, the construction fails.

4. The virtual power plant construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of filtering multiple matching pairs for the target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching includes: Calculate the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction; Matching pairs whose total operating costs meet the optimization objectives of the virtual power plant will be used as target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching.

5. The virtual power plant construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation of the total operating cost after each matching pair transaction includes: Obtain the total operating cost of real users and the operating cost of virtual users in each matching pair; The total operating cost after each matching pair transaction is calculated based on the total operating cost of the real users and the operating cost of the virtual users.

6. A virtual power plant construction device, characterized in that, The virtual power plant dynamically adjusts its internal resource combination based on actual operation, and achieves dynamic aggregation of distributed resources through communication and coordination between distributed resource agents. The decision-making process for the dynamic construction of the virtual power plant is a large-scale MILP problem; with each additional end-user, the matrix dimension of the objective function and constraints in the decision model increases exponentially. The device is applied to an electronic device, utilizing its processor to process the virtual power plant construction. The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the cost baseline values ​​of real users and virtual users respectively. In this module, the power company is assumed to be a virtual member participating in virtual transactions, and the distributed resource users or end users are assumed to be real users participating in virtual transactions. Distributed resource users include distributed generation facilities, energy storage systems and power grids. The operating cost of each distributed resource user and virtual member is calculated based on the independent operating cost of the resource users aggregated by the virtual power plant, and is used as the cost baseline value. The cost baseline value of the virtual member is 0. The simulation module simulates real users trading target unit electricity with other real users and the virtual user. Based on the cost baseline, it determines the actual transaction cost for each real user and the virtual user during the transaction process. It decomposes global optimization into local iterative matching, avoiding a one-time solution of the high-dimensional model and reducing computational complexity. Specifically, when a real user receives the target unit electricity at the target time, the net load decreases by one step; when a real user sends out the target unit electricity at the target time, the net load increases by one step. The updated net load is then substituted into the objective function to calculate the virtual operating cost after the transaction. Based on the cost baseline and the virtual operating cost, the difference in operating cost after a user receives a unit of electricity is calculated. Virtual members do not act as agents for distributed generation and do not have the ability to supply electricity to real users. Receiving electricity represents the virtual power plant selling electricity to real users, so the operating cost of virtual members consistently decreases. Since the operating cost baseline for virtual members is 0, the operating cost after a virtual member receives electricity is the actual transaction cost. The calculation module is used to calculate a first cost difference between the real users and a second cost difference between the real users and the virtual users based on the actual transaction cost data of the real users and the virtual users respectively. The construction module is configured to construct the virtual power plant based on the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein multiple matching pairs are constructed based on at least one of the first cost difference and the second cost difference, wherein the matching pairs include matching pairs between real users and between real users and between real users and virtual users; target matching pairs are selected from the multiple matching pairs in this round of transaction matching; and the construction of the virtual power plant is determined based on the target matching pairs, wherein if there are virtual users in the target matching pairs and the virtual users generate virtual transaction volume, the construction of the virtual power plant is successful, otherwise the construction fails, wherein the selection of target matching pairs in this round of transaction matching is optimized with minimizing operating costs, including: Compare the best matching pairs in each time period and select the best matching pair for the entire time period; If both parties in the best match are end users, then update the net load of the selected end user as follows: in, The net load after power is delivered to the actual user i. The net load after a real user i receives unit power; If the best-match receiver is a virtual member, then update the virtual member's receive power as follows: ； in, For virtual members The received power at any given time The unit received power for virtual members; In the formula, and These are the identifiers of the selected end-users whose transmit and receive power are optimally matched. The selected best pairing moment.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the virtual power plant construction method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the virtual power plant construction method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the virtual power plant construction method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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