Mining D2D communication system and method based on energy perception and data fusion

Abstract

The invention provides a mining D2D communication system and method based on energy perception and data fusion, and belongs to the technical field of D2D communication. The problems of low data transmission reliability and short network service life when D2D communication is used in a mine are solved; the method comprises the following steps of: initializing a network; neighbor discovery; the routing establishment comprises routing request, routing reply and routing table updating, the sensor node sends the routing request to the gateway node in the routing request process, and a communication path is selected through an energy awareness dynamic weight routing selection algorithm; data transmission: the sensor nodes encapsulate collected data into a data packet, the data packet is sent to a next-hop node according to a routing table, when multi-hop transmission is adopted in data forwarding, each sensor node selects the next-hop node according to a neighbor table and the calculated comprehensive weight, and in the multi-hop transmission process, the data packet is transmitted to the next-hop node according to the neighbor table and the calculated comprehensive weight. The data packet gradually aggregates the data of each sensor node on the path; the method and the device are applied to D2D communication under the mine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of D2D communication technology, and in particular to a mining D2D communication system and method based on energy sensing and data fusion. Background Art

[0002] In mines, D2D (Device-to-Device) communication technology can be used to improve communication efficiency, reduce latency, and enhance network coverage. However, the particularity of the mine environment makes D2D communication face many challenges and problems. The mine environment usually has complex tunnel structures, irregular rock distribution, and a large number of obstacles (such as mechanical equipment, supporting structures, etc.). These factors will lead to complex signal propagation paths, which are prone to multipath effects and signal attenuation. In addition, the equipment (such as mine cars, excavators, etc.) and personnel in the mine often move, resulting in dynamic changes in the network topology. The dynamically changing topology will increase the complexity of D2D communication, which may cause frequent interruption or re-establishment of communication links, affecting the continuity of communication. The equipment in the mine (such as sensors, mobile terminals, etc.) usually relies on battery power and has limited energy. D2D communication consumes energy, and frequent communication may cause the device to run out of energy, affecting the normal operation of the device. Therefore, in the mine environment, sensor nodes usually face the problems of severe signal attenuation, limited energy, and dynamic changes in communication links. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problems of low data transmission reliability and short network life when D2D communication is used in mines, the present application proposes a mine-based D2D communication system and method based on energy sensing and data fusion.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this application is: a mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion, which is used for communication between multiple sensor nodes and multiple gateway nodes. The method comprises the following steps:

[0005] S1: Network initialization;

[0006] S2: Neighbor discovery: including broadcasting detection signals, receiving detection signals and updating neighbor tables. Each sensor node periodically broadcasts its own energy status, link quality and historical data anomaly information, and records the status of surrounding sensor nodes through the neighbor table.

[0007] S3: Route establishment: including route request, route reply and route table update. During the route request process, the sensor node sends a route request to the gateway node and selects the communication path through the energy-aware dynamic weight routing selection algorithm. The energy-aware dynamic weight routing selection algorithm is that during the path selection process, the sensor node will dynamically calculate the comprehensive weight of the neighboring nodes according to its own remaining energy, the distance to the target node, the link quality and the historical abnormal records.

[0008] S4: Data transmission: including data encapsulation, data sending, data forwarding and data receiving. The sensor node encapsulates the collected data into data packets and sends the data packets to the next hop node according to the routing table. When multi-hop transmission is used in data forwarding, each sensor node selects the next hop node according to the neighbor table and the comprehensive weight calculated in step S3. In the multi-hop transmission process, the data packet will gradually aggregate the data of each sensor node on the path. When the data packet finally arrives at the gateway node, the data packet contains the environmental data of all sensor nodes on the communication path.

[0009] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the comprehensive weight W by the energy-aware dynamic weight routing algorithm in step S3 is as follows:

[0010] W=α×Er+β×(1 / d)+γ×Lq+δ×He;

[0011] Where: Er represents the residual energy of the sensor node; d represents the distance between sensor nodes; Lq represents the link quality; He represents the historical anomaly weight. When a sensor node has recorded abnormal data, the data transmission of the sensor node is prioritized; α, β, γ, and δ are all weight parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, an abnormal event detection and early warning mechanism is set up in data transmission, and its specific implementation process includes:

[0013] Anomaly detection: Each sensor node analyzes the collected data in real time to determine whether it exceeds the set normal threshold range; if an anomaly is detected, the sensor node will attach the anomaly information to the data packet and mark itself as an abnormal node;

[0014] Abnormal warning broadcast: sensor nodes that detect abnormalities broadcast warning information to surrounding neighbors, notifying neighboring nodes to give priority to the transmission of abnormal data when selecting paths;

[0015] Path optimization: When selecting routes, the historical anomaly weights of abnormal nodes are significantly increased to ensure that abnormal data is delivered to the gateway node first.

[0016] Furthermore, the sensor node will calculate the comprehensive weights of all neighbor nodes and preferentially select the sensor node with the highest weight as the next hop node.

[0017] Furthermore, a dynamic path adjustment and maintenance mechanism is used during path selection, and the specific implementation process includes:

[0018] Path failure detection: If a sensor node fails to send ACK confirmation as expected or the energy is lower than the set threshold, the path is considered failed;

[0019] Path reselection: After eliminating failed nodes, recalculate the comprehensive weights of neighboring nodes and select a new optimal path;

[0020] Path maintenance: All nodes broadcast their own status periodically, and neighbor nodes update the neighbor table in real time to ensure dynamic update of path information.

[0021] Furthermore, in the multi-hop transmission process, abnormal events are handled preferentially through data packet priority management and abnormal event coverage. During data packet priority management, a priority field for marking abnormal events is set in the data packet, and in path selection, a data packet containing the priority field is given a higher weight;

[0022] When an abnormal node broadcasts information, it will attach data about its surrounding environment, so that the propagation range of the abnormal event is large enough.

[0023] Furthermore, the selected path will be maintained and updated during the data transmission process. If a sensor node in the current path fails or its weight is reduced, the path reselection mechanism will be triggered. During the new path selection process, energy balance and historical abnormal information will be comprehensively considered.

[0024] Furthermore, each sensor node includes: a data acquisition module, a communication module, an energy management module and an abnormality monitoring module.

[0025] Furthermore, the data packet also includes path record, data aggregation, and exception marking fields.

[0026] A communication system adopts a mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present application compared to the prior art are as follows: the present application realizes multi-hop data transmission between sensor nodes through a device-to-device (D2D) communication mechanism, and at the same time, the data of all nodes on the path are gradually aggregated during the data transmission process, thereby reducing redundant transmission. In each data forwarding, the node will attach the data collected by itself to the data packet, and the data packet that finally reaches the gateway contains the environmental data of all nodes on the path. This design not only reduces the polling pressure of the gateway, but also improves the overall efficiency of data transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a D2D communication flow chart provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the present application provides a mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion, which is used in a communication system containing multiple sensor nodes and gateway nodes, wherein:

[0031] Sensor nodes: mainly wireless sensor nodes deployed in mines, responsible for collecting environmental data (such as gas concentration, temperature and humidity, vibration status, etc.), and gradually transmitting data to gateway nodes through D2D communication.

[0032] Gateway node: Deployed in the mine's communication center, it is responsible for receiving and processing data from sensor nodes and communicating with external monitoring systems.

[0033] Each sensor node includes the following functional modules:

[0034] Data acquisition module: used to collect and record environmental data;

[0035] Communication module: used to support D2D communication, transmission and reception of data packets;

[0036] Energy management module: used to monitor the remaining energy of sensor nodes in real time;

[0037] Abnormal monitoring module: used to analyze the collected data and determine whether there are any abnormalities in the collected data.

[0038] The present application also proposes a data fusion and transmission mechanism for D2D communication, the principle of which is that during the multi-hop transmission process, the data packet will gradually aggregate the data of each sensor node on the path, reducing redundant transmission and improving data processing efficiency.

[0039] In this embodiment, during the D2D multi-hop communication process, the data packet includes the following fields:

[0040] Path record: used to record the ID of the sensor node passed;

[0041] Data aggregation field: used to gradually accumulate environmental data of all sensor nodes on the path;

[0042] Abnormal marker: used to mark whether there are abnormal nodes in the path.

[0043] Based on the above data fusion and transmission mechanism, the implementation steps of a mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion proposed in this application are as follows:

[0044] S1: Network initialization:

[0045] Start and initialize the sensor nodes and gateway nodes, load the pre-configured network parameters (such as node ID, communication frequency, power, etc.) on each sensor node, and during initialization, each sensor node will generate a data packet containing its own collected data and node ID;

[0046] Channel scanning: sensor nodes and gateway nodes scan available channels and select the best channel for communication;

[0047] Synchronization: Sensor nodes are synchronized through a time synchronization protocol (such as IEEE 1588) to ensure the timing consistency of data transmission.

[0048] S2: Neighbor Discovery:

[0049] Broadcast detection signal: sensor nodes and gateway nodes regularly broadcast detection signals, which contain node ID, location information, energy status, etc.

[0050] Receiving detection signals: Each sensor node receives detection signals from other sensor nodes and records the information of neighboring nodes.

[0051] Neighbor table update: The sensor node updates the neighbor table based on the received detection signal and records the neighbor node’s ID, signal strength, hop count and other information.

[0052] S3: Route establishment, including:

[0053] Route Request (RREQ): The sensor node sends a route request (RREQ) to the gateway node to request the establishment of a communication path.

[0054] RREQ contains information such as source node ID, target node ID (gateway node), and hop count.

[0055] Route reply (RREP): After receiving the RREQ, the gateway node sends a route reply (RREP) to the sensor node to confirm the communication path.

[0056] The RREP contains path information (such as the relay nodes passed through).

[0057] Routing table update: Sensor nodes and gateway nodes update the routing table according to RREQ and RREP and record the optimal path.

[0058] In order to ensure the high efficiency and low power consumption of path selection, this application proposes an energy-aware dynamic weight routing algorithm based on energy and data fusion during the path selection process. During the path selection process, the sensor node will dynamically calculate the comprehensive weight based on its own remaining energy, distance to the target node, link quality, and historical abnormal records. The formula for the comprehensive weight W is as follows:

[0059] W=α×Er+β×(1 / d)+γ×Lq+δ×He;

[0060] Where: Er represents the remaining energy of the sensor node, and sensor nodes with sufficient energy are selected first to ensure the sustainability of the path;

[0061] d represents the distance between sensor nodes. Sensor nodes with closer distance have lower transmission energy consumption;

[0062] Lq represents the link quality, which is calculated based on the signal-to-noise ratio or the historical packet success rate;

[0063] He represents the historical anomaly weight. When a sensor node has recorded abnormal data, the data transmission of the sensor node is prioritized.

[0064] The weight parameters α, β, γ, and δ can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual application scenario to balance the energy consumption of the path and the data transmission priority.

[0065] S4: Data transmission, specifically including the following steps:

[0066] Data encapsulation: The sensor node encapsulates the collected data into a data packet, which contains information such as the source node ID, target node ID, and data content.

[0067] Data transmission: The sensor node sends the data packet to the next hop node (relay node or gateway node) according to the routing table.

[0068] Data forwarding: After receiving the data packet, the relay node checks the target node ID. If the target node is not the local node, the data packet is forwarded to the next hop node. If the target node is the local node, the data is received and the transmission ends. When the data packet is transmitted to the next hop node, the next hop node will attach the data collected by itself to the data packet and update the path record.

[0069] In multi-hop transmission, each node selects the next hop node according to the neighbor table and the routing weight formula. When the data packet finally reaches the gateway node, the data packet contains the environmental data of all sensor nodes on the path.

[0070] Data reception: After the gateway node receives the data packet, it decapsulates and processes it.

[0071] In the multi-hop transmission process, the routing selection process is as follows:

[0072] Neighbor status collection: Each sensor node periodically broadcasts its own energy status, link quality, and historical data anomaly information. The sensor node records the status of surrounding nodes through the neighbor table;

[0073] Weight calculation: The sensor node calculates the comprehensive weights of all neighboring nodes and preferentially selects the sensor node with the highest weight as the next hop;

[0074] Path maintenance and update: If a sensor node in the current path fails or its weight decreases, the path reselection mechanism is triggered. In the process of selecting a new path, energy balance and historical abnormal information are comprehensively considered.

[0075] In a mine environment, some critical abnormal events (such as excessive gas concentration or abnormal equipment vibration) need to be transmitted to the gateway node first. To this end, this application proposes an abnormal event detection and early warning mechanism, the specific process is as follows:

[0076] Anomaly detection: Each sensor node analyzes the collected data in real time to determine whether it exceeds the set normal threshold range; if an anomaly is detected, the sensor node will attach the anomaly information to the data packet and mark itself as an abnormal node;

[0077] Abnormal warning broadcast: sensor nodes that detect abnormalities broadcast warning information to surrounding neighbors, notifying neighboring nodes to give priority to the transmission of abnormal data when selecting paths;

[0078] Path optimization: When selecting routes, the weight factor (He) of abnormal nodes is significantly increased to ensure that abnormal data is transmitted to the gateway node first.

[0079] The surrounding neighbor nodes attach abnormal tags to their own data packets to enhance the event response capability.

[0080] Due to the dynamic changes in the mine environment (such as node energy exhaustion and link quality degradation), this application also proposes a dynamic path adjustment and maintenance mechanism, including:

[0081] Path failure detection: If a sensor node fails to send ACK confirmation as expected or the energy is lower than the set threshold, the path is considered failed;

[0082] Path reselection: After eliminating failed nodes, recalculate the comprehensive weights of neighboring nodes and select a new optimal path;

[0083] Path maintenance: All sensor nodes broadcast their own status periodically, and neighbor nodes update the neighbor table in real time to ensure dynamic update of path information.

[0084] In the multi-hop transmission process, the coordination of data aggregation and abnormal event handling is particularly important. This application is implemented in the following ways:

[0085] Packet priority management: The packet contains a priority field to mark the priority of abnormal events. In path selection, packets with higher priority have higher weights;

[0086] Expanded coverage of abnormal events: When abnormal nodes broadcast information, they will attach data about their surrounding environment to ensure that the propagation range of abnormal events is large enough;

[0087] Multi-priority data processing: After receiving the data packet, the gateway node processes it in sequence according to the priority to ensure timely response to abnormal event information.

[0088] In terms of handling abnormal events, this application proposes an early warning mechanism for mine safety. When a sensor node detects an abnormal event (such as excessive gas concentration or abnormal equipment vibration), the sensor node will immediately broadcast the abnormal information to its surrounding neighboring nodes, and attach an abnormal mark to its own data packet. The sensor node that receives the abnormal mark will give priority to forwarding the data packet and adjust the priority of path selection according to the weight formula to ensure that the abnormal data can be delivered to the gateway node for processing in the fastest way.

[0089] In order to cope with the dynamic changes in the mine environment, this application also proposes a path adjustment and maintenance mechanism. When a node on a path fails to transmit due to energy exhaustion, link quality degradation or other failures, the upstream node will immediately trigger the path reselection mechanism. By periodically broadcasting neighbor status information, each sensor node can update the neighbor table in real time and quickly select a new optimal path when the path fails. This path maintenance mechanism effectively improves the reliability of data transmission and the stability of the network.

[0090] In summary, this application realizes efficient data transmission of sensor networks by combining data aggregation with D2D communication; improves the response speed of abnormal events and network reliability by optimizing historical data and adjusting dynamic paths; and prolongs the working time of sensor nodes by energy-aware routing selection algorithms. The combination of these technical means provides important technical support for mine safety monitoring and also provides reference value for sensor network applications in other complex environments.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion, characterized by: For communication between a plurality of sensor nodes and a plurality of gateway nodes, the method comprises the following steps: S1: Network initialization; S2: Neighbor discovery: including broadcasting detection signals, receiving detection signals and updating neighbor tables. Each sensor node periodically broadcasts its own energy status, link quality and historical data anomaly information, and records the status of surrounding sensor nodes through the neighbor table. S3: Route establishment: including route request, route reply and route table update. During the route request process, the sensor node sends a route request to the gateway node and selects the communication path through the energy-aware dynamic weight routing selection algorithm. The energy-aware dynamic weight routing selection algorithm is that during the path selection process, the sensor node will dynamically calculate the comprehensive weight of the neighboring nodes according to its own remaining energy, the distance to the target node, the link quality and the historical abnormal records. S4: Data transmission: including data encapsulation, data sending, data forwarding and data receiving. The sensor node encapsulates the collected data into data packets and sends the data packets to the next hop node according to the routing table. When multi-hop transmission is used in data forwarding, each sensor node selects the next hop node according to the neighbor table and the comprehensive weight calculated in step S3. In the multi-hop transmission process, the data packet will gradually aggregate the data of each sensor node on the path. When the data packet finally arrives at the gateway node, the data packet contains the environmental data of all sensor nodes on the communication path.

2. According to claim 1, a D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion is characterized in that: The formula for calculating the comprehensive weight W by the energy-aware dynamic weight routing algorithm in step S3 is as follows: W=α×Er+β×(1 / d)+γ×Lq+δ×He; Where: Er represents the residual energy of the sensor node; d represents the distance between sensor nodes; Lq represents the link quality; He represents the historical anomaly weight. When a sensor node has recorded abnormal data, the data transmission of the sensor node is prioritized; α, β, γ, and δ are all weight parameters.

3. According to claim 2, a D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion is characterized in that: An abnormal event detection and early warning mechanism is set up in data transmission, and its specific implementation process includes: Anomaly detection: Each sensor node analyzes the collected data in real time to determine whether it exceeds the set normal threshold range; if an anomaly is detected, the sensor node will attach the anomaly information to the data packet and mark itself as an abnormal node; Abnormal warning broadcast: sensor nodes that detect abnormalities broadcast warning information to surrounding neighbors, notifying neighboring nodes to give priority to the transmission of abnormal data when selecting paths; Path optimization: When selecting routes, the historical anomaly weights of abnormal nodes are significantly increased to ensure that abnormal data is delivered to the gateway node first.

4. According to claim 3, a D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion is characterized in that: The sensor node will calculate the comprehensive weights of all neighboring nodes and give priority to selecting the sensor node with the highest weight as the next hop node.

5. According to claim 1, a D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion is characterized in that: A dynamic path adjustment and maintenance mechanism is used during path selection. The specific implementation process includes: Path failure detection: If a sensor node fails to send ACK confirmation as expected or the energy is lower than the set threshold, the path is considered failed; Path reselection: After eliminating failed nodes, recalculate the comprehensive weights of neighboring nodes and select a new optimal path; Path maintenance: All nodes broadcast their own status periodically, and neighbor nodes update the neighbor table in real time to ensure dynamic update of path information.

6. The D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In the multi-hop transmission process, abnormal events are handled preferentially through packet priority management and abnormal event coverage. During packet priority management, a priority field for marking abnormal events is set in the packet. In path selection, packets containing the priority field are given a higher weight. When an abnormal node broadcasts information, it will attach data about its surrounding environment, so that the propagation range of the abnormal event is large enough.

7. A mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: During the data transmission process, the selected path will be maintained and updated. If a sensor node in the current path fails or its weight is reduced, the path reselection mechanism will be triggered. During the new path selection process, energy balance and historical abnormal information will be comprehensively considered.

8. The D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion according to claim 7 is characterized in that: Each sensor node includes: data acquisition module, communication module, energy management module and abnormality monitoring module.

9. The D2D communication method for mining based on energy sensing and data fusion according to claim 8, characterized in that: The data packet also contains path record, data aggregation, and exception marking fields.

10. A communication system using the mining D2D communication method based on energy sensing and data fusion as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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