Cultivation method for accelerating cycle iteration of wheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration, and belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed disinfection: performing disinfection treatment on wheat seeds, and culturing in a dark place until the seeds are white, (2) vernalization: performing illumination treatment on winter wheat at 4-13 DEG C; and (3) planting operation: transplanting the treated wheat seeds into a seedling tray, culturing under the combination of illumination intensity of 100-400 [mu] mol m <-2 > s <-1 >, white spectrum and photoperiod of 12-24 h light / 12-0 h dark until the wheat seeds are mature, and harvesting. The method has the beneficial effects that the TOPSIS method is utilized to comprehensively score and sort different light intensity and light period combination conditions so as to determine the optimal illumination condition combination. By the adoption of the optimization method, the growth cycle of wheat can be remarkably shortened, screening and cultivation of germplasm resources are accelerated, the iteration efficiency and germination rate of generations are effectively improved, technical support is provided for rapid breeding of good varieties, and the optimization method has good application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wheat cultivation, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration. Background Art

[0002] As global population growth and climate change have an increasingly serious impact on agricultural production, improving crop production efficiency has become an important goal of modern agriculture. As the world's main food crop, improving wheat yield and quality is crucial to ensuring food security. However, wheat growth in traditional agriculture is restricted by natural light and seasonal changes, and it is difficult to achieve planting and generation in unsuitable seasons or climatic conditions, which greatly limits the speed of wheat breeding and production efficiency.

[0003] In recent years, the rapid development of plant factories and indoor agricultural technologies has provided artificially controllable environmental conditions for crop breeding, among which light optimization is considered to be one of the core factors for improving crop growth efficiency. Traditional light sources such as fluorescent lamps and sodium lamps have limitations in spectral range and energy efficiency, and it is difficult to meet the lighting conditions required for precise regulation of crop growth. With the continuous development of LED technology, it has become an ideal choice for plant growth lighting due to its adjustable spectrum, high efficiency and long life. However, how to design an LED spectrum and lighting combination suitable for wheat growth, especially in shortening the growth cycle and increasing yield, is still a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0004] Studies have shown that spectral combinations, light intensity, and photoperiod have significant effects on wheat germination, vegetative growth, flowering, and ultimately seed maturity. However, existing research has mainly focused on the effects of a single factor on wheat growth and development, and relatively few studies have systematically optimized light conditions for wheat. Because different varieties of wheat respond differently to light, it is difficult to optimize light conditions to meet the light requirements of wheat materials with different genetic backgrounds. In addition, efficient light regulation technology is usually accompanied by higher energy consumption, which may result in higher costs in large-scale applications, so it is necessary to control energy consumption while improving efficiency.

[0005] The Chinese patent application document with publication number CN117373543A discloses a method for rapid wheat breeding, including data collection and processing, population optimization, genome selection, data analysis, data optimization, experimental verification, iterative optimization, and repeating the above steps until a satisfactory wheat variety is achieved. This breeding technology solution is expected to bring revolutionary changes to wheat breeding, significantly shorten the breeding cycle, improve resource utilization efficiency, enhance the stability and performance of new varieties, and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production. However, this method has cumbersome operating steps and high costs. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to solve the current problems of long wheat cultivation cycle, low germination rate and high cost.

[0007] The present invention solves the above technical problems through the following technical means:

[0008] The present invention proposes a cultivation method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Seed disinfection: The wheat seeds are disinfected, rinsed with pure water, and then placed on wet filter paper and cultured at 22 to 25° C. in the dark until the seeds turn white. The wheat seeds include winter wheat and spring wheat.

[0010] (2) Vernalization treatment: Winter wheat is exposed to light at 4-13°C for 14-35 days (simulating the vernalization process); spring wheat is not subjected to vernalization treatment;

[0011] (3) Planting operation: The treated wheat seeds were transplanted into seedling trays and kept at a light intensity of 100 to 400 μmol / m -2 s -1 The culture was carried out under a combination of white spectrum and light cycle of 12-24h light / 12-0h dark until maturity and harvest.

[0012] Preferably, the spring wheat is Ningchun 55; and the winter wheat is Jimai 22.

[0013] Preferably, the disinfection treatment in step (1) is specifically disinfection with 70-75% (v / v) anhydrous ethanol for 20-60 seconds, and disinfection with 2-10% (v / v) sodium hypochlorite solution for 2-10 minutes.

[0014] Preferably, the disinfection and cleaning steps in step (1) are both performed on a shaker at a shaking speed of 60 to 200 rpm.

[0015] Preferably, the illumination intensity of the illumination treatment in step (2) is 250 to 350 μmol m -2 s -1 , more preferably 300 μmol m -2 s -1 .

[0016] Preferably, the illumination intensity in step (3) is 200 to 400 μmol m -2 s -1 , more preferably 300 μmol m -2 s -1 .

[0018] Preferably, the photoperiod in step (3) is 20-24 h light / 4-0 h dark, more preferably 22 h light / 2 h dark.

[0019] The second aspect of the present invention proposes an evaluation method that takes into account the wheat cultivation cycle, the number of germinated grains per ear and the cultivation cost, comprising the following steps: statistically analyzing the number of days to maturity of wheat, the number of germinated grains per ear and the power consumption and assigning weights of 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2 respectively, and using the weighted TOPSIS method for analysis to obtain the optimal light intensity and photoperiod conditions for wheat.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention proposes a cultivation method for accelerating the iteration of wheat cycles. By precisely controlling the combination of light intensity and photoperiod, the rapid growth and development of wheat is achieved. While reducing energy consumption as much as possible, the growth cycle of wheat is accelerated, and seed yield and quality are significantly improved. This method provides an efficient and economical solution for wheat production in plant factories and modern agriculture, which helps to quickly iterate breeding and promote the innovative development of agricultural science and technology.

[0022] 2. Accelerate wheat growth and shorten the growth cycle: By optimizing the spectrum to combine light intensity and light cycle, the present invention can effectively improve the photosynthesis efficiency of wheat, accelerate its growth process, and thus significantly shorten the growth cycle. This is very important for rapid iteration and breeding, especially in environments that can be precisely controlled, such as plant factories, shortening the growth period by 48.5% to 69.5%, and accelerating the breeding time of new varieties.

[0023] 3. Improve seed quality and yield: Accurate optimization of light conditions can not only improve the germination rate and growth rate of wheat, but also increase the quantity and quality of mature seeds. This helps ensure sufficient high-quality seeds to meet agricultural production and market needs.

[0024] 4. Reduce energy consumption and cost: The present invention optimizes lighting conditions by precisely controlling light intensity and photoperiod, and combines comprehensive evaluation methods (such as entropy weight method and TOPSIS method) to achieve energy efficiency improvement and cost reduction. Compared with traditional light sources, LED technology has higher energy efficiency and can maintain or improve wheat production efficiency while reducing energy consumption. This makes it possible to reduce overall costs when it is promoted and applied on a large scale. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The Ningchun 55 spring wheat in Example 2 of the present invention was grown under a photoperiod of 22 h light / 2 h dark, 300 μmol m - 2 s -1 Light intensity fertility flow chart;

[0026] Figure 2 The growth and harvest diagrams of Ningchun 55 spring wheat under different photoperiods and light intensities in Examples 1 to 8 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The winter wheat Jimai 22 in Example 10 of the present invention was grown under a photoperiod of 22 h light / 2 h dark, 300 μmol m -2 s -1 Fertility flow chart under light intensity;

[0028] Figure 4 The growth, development and harvest diagram of Jimai 22 winter wheat in Examples 9 to 16 of the present invention under different photoperiods and light intensities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, the test materials and reagents used in the following examples can be obtained from commercial sources.

[0031] If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, they can be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product instructions.

[0032] Example 1: (Take Ningchun 55 spring wheat as the research object)

[0033] A cultivation method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration comprises the following steps:

[0034] (1) Seed disinfection: The Ningchun 55 wheat seeds were disinfected (specifically, the disinfection was performed using 70% (v / v) anhydrous ethanol for 40 seconds and 2% (v / v) sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 minutes), rinsed with pure water after disinfection, and then the wheat seeds were placed on wet filter paper and cultured at 23° C. in the dark until the seeds turned white;

[0035] (2) Vernalization: No vernalization is performed and the next step is directly performed;

[0036] (3) Planting operation: The treated seeds were transplanted into seedling trays, and 15 wheat plants were randomly selected and planted under a light intensity of 400 μmol m -2 s -1The plants were cultivated under a combination of white spectrum and a photoperiod of 22h light / 2h dark until mature and harvested; the light intensity refers to the light intensity in the lowest vertical space between the light source and the surface of the planting hole.

[0037] Results: On the 36th day of cultivation, 13 Ningchun 55 spring wheat plants flowered and matured and were harvested on the 51st day; the other 2 wheat plants flowered on the 37th day and matured on the 52nd day. (On average, it flowered on 36.13 days and matured and was harvested on 51.13 days. The error is small, so we rounded it to 36 days and 51 days.)

[0038] Therefore, under the culture conditions of this embodiment, Ningchun 55 spring wheat blooms after 36 days of culture and matures after 51 days of culture.

[0039] Embodiment 2:

[0040] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the illumination intensity in step (3) is 300 μmol m -2 s -1 , the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0041] Results: On the 37th day of cultivation, 14 Ningchun 55 spring wheat plants flowered and matured and were harvested on the 52nd day; another wheat plant flowered on the 38th day and matured on the 53rd day. (On average, it flowered on 37.07 days and matured and was harvested on 52.07 days. The error is small, so we rounded it to 37 days and 52 days.)

[0042] Therefore, under the culture conditions of this embodiment, Ningchun 55 spring wheat blooms after 37 days of culture and matures after 52 days of culture.

[0043] Embodiment 3:

[0044] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the illumination intensity in step (3) is 200 μmol m -2 s -1 , the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Results: On the 39th day of cultivation, 3 Ningchun 55 spring wheat plants flowered and matured and were harvested on the 56th day; the other 12 wheat plants all flowered on the 40th day and matured on the 57th day. (On average, it flowered on 39.8 days and matured and was harvested on 56.8 days. The error is small, so we rounded it to 40 days and 57 days.)

[0046] Therefore, under the culture conditions of this embodiment, Ningchun 55 spring wheat blooms after 40 days of culture and matures after 57 days of culture.

[0047] Embodiment 4:

[0048] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the illumination intensity in step (3) is 100 μmol m-2 s -1 , the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Results: On the 45th day of cultivation, 12 Ningchun 55 spring wheat plants flowered and matured and were harvested on the 60th day; another 2 plants flowered on the 44th day and matured on the 59th day; the last plant flowered on the 46th day and matured on the 61st day. (On average, it flowered on 44.9 days and matured and was harvested on 59.9 days. The error is small, so we rounded it to 45 days and 60 days.)

[0050] Therefore, under the culture conditions of this embodiment, Ningchun 55 spring wheat blooms after 45 days of culture and matures after 60 days of culture.

[0051] In order to comprehensively evaluate the various indicators under the four light intensities of Examples 1 to 4, DOPSIS was initially used for analysis. This method assumes that the importance of each indicator is the same and no weight is assigned. The results are shown in Table 1. The light intensity is 100 μmol m -2 s -1 The comprehensive score of was the highest, but this result did not meet the acceleration goal of the experiment. Therefore, in order to more accurately evaluate the comprehensive effect, the evaluation indicators were further optimized: the "average number of grains per ear" and "germination rate" were combined into "the number of grains germinated per ear", and the "days to maturity", "the number of grains germinated per ear" and "power consumption" were given weights of 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2 respectively, and the weighted TOPSIS method was used to re-analyze. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 1 Evaluation table of flowering period, maturity period, number of grains per ear, germination rate and power consumption of Ningchun 55 spring wheat under different light intensities

[0053]

[0054] Table 2 Evaluation table of Ningchun 55 spring wheat at different photoperiods during flowering, maturity, number of grains per ear and power consumption

[0055]

[0056] In summary, Examples 1 to 4 studied the regulatory effects of different light intensities on the growth and development of Ningchun 55 spring wheat. The experimental results showed that as the light intensity increased, the growth and development of wheat was significantly accelerated. - 2 s -1 Under the condition of 100 μmol m -2 s -1Under the condition of 300 μmol m -2 s -1 The average number of grains per ear of wheat was the highest at 25.83, and its comprehensive score ranked first, indicating that 300 μmol m -2 s -1 It is the optimal light intensity condition to accelerate the growth and development of Ningchun 55 spring wheat.

[0057] Under the optimal light intensity condition of 300 μmol m -2 s -1 On this basis, we further studied the regulatory effects of different photoperiods on the growth and development of Ningchun 55 spring wheat:

[0058] Embodiment 5:

[0059] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the light cycle in step (3) is 24h light / 0h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 2.

[0060] Embodiment 6:

[0061] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the photoperiod in step (3) is 20 h light / 4 h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 2.

[0062] Embodiment 7:

[0063] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the photoperiod in step (3) is 16h light / 8h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 2.

[0064] Embodiment 8:

[0065] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that the photoperiod in step (3) is 12h light / 12h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 2.

[0066] The three indicators of wheat harvest period, number of grains per ear, and power consumption in Examples 2 and 5 to 8 were weighted and ranked by comprehensive scoring. The results are shown in Table 3. 20h light / 4h dark ranked first, followed by 22h light / 2h dark. In contrast, under the 16h light / 8h dark and 12h light / 12h dark photoperiods, the time nodes of each growth stage were slightly delayed, and the latest was the 12h light / 12h dark photoperiod, when wheat was harvested at 57 days.

[0067] In order to more accurately evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the light intensity and photoperiod combination, the weighted TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate and rank the three indicators of harvest under the above 8 combinations. The results showed that the light cycle was 20 h light / 4 h dark and the light intensity was 300 μmol m -2 s -1The combination with the highest comprehensive score was 22 h light / 2 h dark, and the light intensity was 300 μmol m -2 s -1 The combination of 20-22 h light / 4-2 h dark and 300 μmol m -2 s -1 The combination was identified as the optimal combination of light elements to accelerate the growth and development of Ningchun 55 spring wheat and achieve rapid cycle iteration.

[0068] Table 3 Evaluation table of maturity, number of grains per ear and power consumption of Ningchun 55 spring wheat under different photoperiods

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation of maturity, number of grains per ear and power consumption of Ningchun 55 spring wheat under different light intensities and photoperiods

[0072]

[0073] The applicant team changed the wheat variety and took winter wheat Jimai 22 as the research object to study the regulatory effects of different light intensity and photoperiod combinations on its growth and development process and harvest indicators:

[0074] Embodiment 9:

[0075] A cultivation method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration comprises the following steps:

[0076] (1) Seed disinfection: Sterilize Jimai 22 wheat seeds, rinse with pure water after disinfection, and then place the wheat seeds on wet filter paper and culture them at 22°C in the dark until the seeds turn white;

[0077] (2) Vernalization treatment: White wheat was exposed to light at 300 μmol m -2 s -1 Processing 15 days;

[0078] (3) Planting operation: The treated seeds were transplanted into seedling trays, and 15 wheat plants were randomly selected and planted under a light intensity of 400 μmol m -2 s -1 The plants were cultivated under a combination of light spectrum, white light spectrum and photoperiod of 22h light / 2h dark until mature and harvested.

[0079] Embodiment 10:

[0080] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 9 is that the illumination intensity in step (3) is 300 μmol m -2 s -1 , the rest is the same as Example 9.

[0081] Embodiment 11:

[0082] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 9 is that the illumination intensity in step (3) is 200 μmol m -2 s -1 , the rest is the same as Example 9.

[0083] Embodiment 12:

[0084] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 9 is that the illumination intensity in step (3) is 100 μmol m -2 s -1 , the rest is the same as Example 9.

[0085] The experimental results of Examples 9 to 12 are shown in Table 5. It can be seen that at 300 μmol m -2 s -1 Under the light intensity, Jimai 22 has the fastest growth rate, heading in 55 days, flowering in 58 days, and maturity in 73 days. Its entire growth process is as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0086] At a light intensity of 300 μmol m -2 s -1 On this basis, we further studied the regulatory effects of different photoperiods on the growth and development of Jimai 22 winter wheat:

[0087] Embodiment 13:

[0088] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 10 is that the light cycle in step (3) is 24h light / 0h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 10.

[0089] Embodiment 14:

[0090] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 10 is that the photoperiod in step (3) is 20 h light / 4 h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 10.

[0091] Embodiment 15:

[0092] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 10 is that the photoperiod in step (3) is 16h light / 8h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 10.

[0093] Embodiment 16:

[0094] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 10 is that the photoperiod in step (3) is 12h light / 12h dark, and the rest is the same as embodiment 10.

[0095] The experimental results of Examples 9 to 16 are shown in Table 5 below.

[0096] Table 5 Comprehensive evaluation of the maturity period, number of grains per ear, and power consumption of Jimai 22 wheat under different light intensities and photoperiods

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] In order to more accurately evaluate the effect of the combination of light intensity and photoperiod, the weighted TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively evaluate and rank the three indicators (maturity period, number of grains per ear, and power consumption) of Examples 9 to 16. The results are shown in Table 5. -2 s -1 The comprehensive ranking was first under the conditions of 20 h light / 4 h dark and 300 μmol m -2 s -1 The combination score of was ranked second (see Table 5). Therefore, the photoperiod was 20-22 h light / 4-2 h dark, and the light intensity was 300 μmol m -2 s -1 The combination was identified as the optimal combination of light factors to accelerate the growth and development of Jimai 22 wheat and achieve rapid cycle iteration.

[0100] The germination rates of the wheat seeds harvested in Examples 1 to 16 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0101] Table 6 Germination rate of wheat seeds harvested from Examples 1 to 16

[0102]

[0103] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Seed disinfection: the wheat seeds are disinfected, rinsed with pure water, and then placed on wet filter paper and cultured at 22 to 25° C. in the dark until the seeds turn white, wherein the wheat seeds include winter wheat and spring wheat; (2) Vernalization: Winter wheat is exposed to light at 4-13°C for 14-35 days; spring wheat is not subjected to vernalization. (3) Planting operation: The treated wheat seeds were transplanted into seedling trays and kept at a light intensity of 100 to 400 μmol m - 2 s -1 The culture was carried out under a combination of white spectrum and light cycle of 12-24h light / 12-0h dark until maturity and harvest.

2. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spring wheat is Ningchun 55; the winter wheat is Jimai 22.

3. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection treatment in step (1) is specifically performed by disinfecting with 70-75% (v / v) anhydrous ethanol for 20-60 seconds and disinfecting with 2-10% (v / v) sodium hypochlorite solution for 2-10 minutes.

4. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfection and cleaning steps in step (1) are both carried out on a shaker at a shaking speed of 60 to 200 rpm.

5. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The illumination intensity of the illumination treatment in step (2) is 250 to 350 μmol m -2 s -1 .

6. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 5, characterized in that: The illumination intensity of the illumination treatment in step (2) is 300 μmol m -2 s -1 .

7. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the light intensity is 200 to 400 μmol m -2 s -1 .

8. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 7, characterized in that: The light intensity in step (3) is 300 μmol m -2 s -1 .

9. The method for accelerating wheat cycle iteration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the photoperiod is 20-24 h light / 4-0 h dark.

10. An evaluation method taking into account wheat cultivation cycle, number of germinated ears and cultivation cost, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The days to maturity of wheat, the number of kernels per ear and the power consumption were counted and weighted as 0.4, 0.4 and 0.2 respectively. The weighted TOPSIS method was used for analysis to obtain the optimal light intensity and photoperiod conditions for wheat.

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