Coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine monitoring, and particularly discloses coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning equipment which is used for monitoring a roof separation phenomenon and comprises an outer rod arranged in an anchor hole and further comprises a monitoring mechanism located in the outer rod and provided with a plurality of independent monitoring ends. Each monitoring end can telescopically penetrate through the outer wall of the outer rod and extends to a rock layer on the outer side of the outer rod; a cavity is formed in the middle of the monitoring mechanism, each monitoring end is connected to the cavity, the alarm mechanism is installed at the outer end of the monitoring mechanism, and the alarm mechanism can communicate with the cavity; each monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism can move relative to the axial direction and / or the radial direction of the outer rod, and when each monitoring end moves relative to the axial direction and / or the radial direction of the outer rod, the pressure state in the cavity is changed. The roof separation monitoring device is easy to implement, high in modularization degree, capable of monitoring roof separation in real time in a multi-dimensional mode and suitable for severe environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mine monitoring, in particular to a geological disaster monitoring and early warning device for underground coal mines. Background Art

[0002] Roof delamination in coal mines is one of the main geological disasters that threaten the safe production of mines. Most existing monitoring equipment uses a single sensor or mechanical structure, which has problems such as low sensitivity, inability to synchronously monitor multi-directional displacements, and complex maintenance. Traditional technology usually indirectly judges the delamination state by monitoring the force or local deformation of the anchor rod, and it is difficult to perceive the dynamic changes of the rock formation in real time. Due to the structural design, the monitoring range is limited and it is impossible to accurately distinguish between axial and radial delamination. In addition, most equipment relies on electric drive or complex electronic components, which are not reliable enough in the complex underground environment and have high maintenance costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device with a simple structure, high degree of modularity, capable of multi-dimensional real-time monitoring of roof delamination and adaptability to harsh environments. By directly sensing the changes in rock formation displacement and combining mechanical and air pressure sensing technology, accurate early warning can be achieved, thereby improving the safety protection capabilities of coal mines. Summary of the invention

[0003] The embodiment of the present application provides a coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning device, the main purpose of which is to realize a simple, highly modularized device that can monitor roof separation in real time in multiple dimensions and adapt to harsh environments.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of the present application provides a coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning device for monitoring roof separation phenomenon, including an outer rod placed in an anchor hole, and also including:

[0005] A monitoring mechanism, the monitoring mechanism is in the outer rod, the monitoring mechanism has a plurality of independent monitoring ends, each of the monitoring ends can be telescopically penetrated through the outer wall of the outer rod and extend to the rock layer outside the outer rod; a cavity is arranged in the middle of the monitoring mechanism, each of the monitoring ends is connected to the cavity, and when the top plate is in a normal condition, the pressure in the cavity is constant;

[0006] An alarm mechanism, installed at the outer end of the monitoring mechanism, the alarm mechanism can be connected to the cavity, and is used to sense the pressure condition in the cavity and generate an alarm signal;

[0007] Each monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism can move axially and / or radially relative to the outer rod, and when each monitoring end moves axially and / or radially relative to the outer rod, the pressure state in the cavity changes.

[0008] In a feasible embodiment, the outer rod is further provided with: a threaded section is arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the outer end of the outer rod; a plurality of movable holes form a group, each group of the movable holes is opened equidistantly along the axial direction of the outer rod, and a plurality of groups of the movable holes are distributed equidistantly along the circumferential direction of the outer rod; a limit plate can be movably sleeved on the outer wall of the outer rod and fit against the surface of the top plate; a rotating handle can be screwed on the outer side of the threaded section, and the end of the rotating handle facing the top plate side abuts against the outer wall of the limit plate, and the other end of the rotating handle can be rotatably clamped on the end of the monitoring mechanism, so as to drive at least one monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism to abut against the rock layer at its respective depth.

[0009] In a feasible embodiment, the monitoring mechanism includes: the outer end of the central movable rod can be rotatably engaged in the rotating handle, and the central movable rod is located in the inner cavity in the middle of the outer rod; the cavity is opened in the inner cavity of the central movable rod; the gas injection hole is opened in the middle position of the outer end of the central movable rod, for providing positive pressure gas into the cavity; a plurality of storage grooves are equidistantly opened on the outer wall of the central movable rod along the circumferential direction, and each of the storage grooves is used to accommodate all the monitoring ends in one group; a plurality of axially movable monitoring components can be arranged in the inner wall of the outer rod to be radially telescopic along the central axis of the outer rod, and each of the axially movable monitoring components also includes a sliding plate that can move axially along the outer rod; a plurality of radially movable monitoring components can be movably connected between the outer wall of the central movable rod and the axially movable monitoring components, and each of the radially movable monitoring components is provided with an air cavity, and the air cavity is connected to the cavity.

[0010] In a feasible embodiment, the monitoring mechanism also includes: a movable connection end is arranged at the outer end of the central movable rod; an airway is opened through the movable connection end, and an openable and closable one-way air valve is also arranged in the airway, and the airway is used to inject gas into the cavity to form a positive pressure environment.

[0011] In a feasible embodiment, the alarm mechanism includes a shell, which can be detachably snapped onto the movable connection end, and the alarm mechanism also includes: an airflow monitoring cavity is opened through the inner cavity of the shell; a partition can be snapped into the airflow monitoring cavity and moved towards or away from the movable connection end; a docking piece is arranged on the partition and corresponds to the position of an openable and closable one-way air valve, and the docking piece is used to pierce the one-way air valve so that one end of the airflow monitoring cavity where the docking piece is arranged is connected to the cavity; a spring is arranged on the outer wall of the partition on the side where the docking piece is not arranged, and is located in the airflow monitoring cavity; a monitoring alarm is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell; the monitoring alarm includes two monitoring ends, and the two monitoring ends are arranged at an interval; a signal trigger is fixed to the inner wall of the edge of the partition, and the signal trigger is used to trigger the monitoring alarm, and the signal trigger is located in the interval between the two monitoring ends.

[0012] In a feasible implementation manner, the monitoring alarm is adjustable through a position adjustment member, and the two monitoring ends move synchronously with the monitoring alarm.

[0013] In a feasible embodiment, the axial activity monitoring assembly includes: a telescopic seat that can be telescopically clamped in the inner wall of the outer rod; at least one monitoring air hole is opened on the outer wall of the telescopic seat close to the rock layer, and the monitoring air hole is connected to the cavity through the second air path pipeline, and the edge of the sliding plate is sealed and covered on the surface of the monitoring air hole; a friction protrusion is arranged on the outer wall surface of the sliding plate and contacts with the rock layer.

[0014] In a feasible embodiment, the radial activity monitoring assembly includes: a movable block is rotatably arranged on the telescopic seat through a hinge seat, and the air cavity is opened in the inner cavity of the movable block; one end of the first air path pipeline is connected to the air cavity, and the other end of the first air path pipeline is connected to the cavity; one end of the plug-in block is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the central movable rod through a hinge seat, and the other end is movably and sealedly plugged into the air cavity of the movable block.

[0015] This application provides a coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning device,

[0016] The present invention adopts modular design, high-strength alloy outer rod and multi-monitoring end structure, which can sense the axial and radial displacement changes of the roof rock in real time, and significantly improves the monitoring accuracy and sensitivity; the monitoring mechanism realizes multi-dimensional displacement monitoring through cavity pressure changes, and combines mechanical structure with air pressure sensing technology to reduce equipment complexity and energy consumption, while improving reliability; the alarm mechanism adopts airflow monitoring cavity and partition design, which can quickly respond to pressure changes and trigger alarm signals, and realize real-time early warning of roof separation; in addition, the equipment is easy to install and adjust the position of the monitoring end through the cooperation of the rotating handle and the limit plate, and can adapt to different tunnel heights and rock conditions; the overall structure is simple and easy to maintain, suitable for harsh underground environments, and provides efficient and low-cost technical guarantees for safe production in coal mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an outer rod provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a central movable rod provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of the cavity provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0022] Figure 6 Shows Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged local structure at point A;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic plan view of the cross-sectional structure of a central movable rod provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0024] Figure 8 The embodiment of the present application provides Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at B in FIG.

[0025] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radial activity monitoring assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown;

[0026] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the alarm mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown.

[0027] In the figure: 10, outer rod, 20, limit plate, 30, rotating handle, 40, monitoring mechanism, 50, alarm mechanism, 11, threaded section, 12, movable hole, 41, central movable rod, 42, air injection hole, 43, storage groove, 44, radial movable monitoring component, 45, axial movable monitoring component, 46, cavity, 47, movable connecting end, 48, airway, 49, one-way air valve, 51, shell, 52, airflow monitoring cavity, 53, partition, 54, docking piece, 55, spring, 56, monitoring alarm, 57, signal triggering piece, 58, position adjusting piece, 441, movable block, 442, first air path pipeline, 443, plug-in block, 451, telescopic seat, 452, monitoring air hole, 453, sliding plate, 454, friction protrusion, 455, second air path pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to better understand the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification are described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0029] In this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements limited by the statement "comprise one..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. The term "more than two" includes two or more than two situations.

[0030] See also Figures 1 to 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a coal mine underground geological disaster monitoring and early warning device for monitoring roof delamination. The device includes an outer rod 10 placed in an anchor hole, and also includes: a monitoring mechanism 40 and an alarm mechanism 50.

[0031] Specifically, the monitoring mechanism 40 is in the outer rod 10, and the monitoring mechanism 40 has a plurality of independent monitoring ends, each of which can be telescopically extended through the outer wall of the outer rod 10 and extend to the rock layer outside the outer rod 10; a cavity 46 is provided in the middle of the monitoring mechanism 40, and each monitoring end is connected to the cavity 46. When the top plate is in normal conditions, the pressure in the cavity 46 is constant; an alarm mechanism 50 is installed at the outer end of the monitoring mechanism 40, and the alarm mechanism 50 can be connected to the cavity 46 to sense the pressure condition in the cavity 46 and generate an alarm signal; wherein each monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism 40 can move axially and / or radially relative to the outer rod 10, and when each monitoring end moves axially and / or radially relative to the outer rod 10, the pressure state in the cavity 46 changes.

[0032] When the coal mine underground roof separation monitoring and early warning device of the present invention is implemented, a modular structural design is adopted, including a high-strength alloy outer rod 10, whose length can be customized to 1.5-3m according to the tunnel height; a conical guide head is provided at the front end of the outer rod 10 to facilitate the installation of the anchor hole. When the coal mine underground roof separation monitoring and early warning device of the present invention is implemented, a monitoring mechanism 40 is arranged inside the outer rod 10, and the monitoring mechanism 40 itself includes a plurality of independent monitoring ends, each of which can be telescopic and pass through the monitoring hole of the outer rod 10, extend to the rock layer outside the outer rod 10, and contact with the rock layer positions at different depths in the rock layer; when the roof separation changes, the monitoring end is axially and / or The monitoring mechanism 40 is provided with a cavity 46 in the middle, and each monitoring end is connected with the cavity 46 through a connecting device, and the pressure in the cavity 46 changes with the movement of the monitoring end; the alarm mechanism 50 is installed at the outer end of the monitoring mechanism 40 and is connected with the cavity 46 to sense the pressure change in the cavity 46; when the roof is delaminated (including axial and radial directions relative to the outer rod 10), the monitoring end moves with the displacement of the rock formation, resulting in a change in the pressure state in the cavity 46; the alarm mechanism 50 generates a corresponding alarm signal according to the pressure change, so as to realize real-time monitoring and early warning of roof delamination.

[0033] During specific implementation, the movement of the monitoring end is transmitted to the cavity 46 through the mechanical structure, and the pressure change in the cavity 46 is monitored by the sensor or other alarm element in the alarm mechanism 50 and converted into an electrical signal; the alarm mechanism 50 determines whether to trigger the alarm according to the preset pressure threshold or change rate, and sends early warning information to the outside through the sound and light signal or communication module; the equipment can comprehensively monitor the occurrence and development of roof delamination through the spatial distribution of multiple monitoring ends, thereby providing effective protection for underground coal mine safety.

[0034] In some examples, further, the outer rod 10 is also provided with: a threaded segment 11, a plurality of movable holes 12, a limit plate 20 and a rotating handle 30; the threaded segment 11 is arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the outer end of the outer rod 10; the plurality of movable holes 12 form a group, each group of movable holes 12 is equidistantly opened along the axial direction of the outer rod 10, and a plurality of groups of movable holes 12 are equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer rod 10; the limit plate 20 can be movably sleeved on the outer wall of the outer rod 10 and fit against the surface of the top plate; the rotating handle 30 can be screwed on the outer side of the threaded segment 11, and the end of the rotating handle 30 facing the top plate side abuts against the outer wall of the limit plate 20, and the other end of the rotating handle 30 can be rotatably clamped on the end of the monitoring mechanism 40, so as to drive at least one monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism 40 to abut against the rock layer at their respective depths.

[0035] In this example, a threaded section 11 is processed on the outer wall of the outer end circumference of the outer rod 10, and the threaded section 11 is used to be screwed together with the rotating handle 30; a plurality of groups of movable holes 12 are equidistantly provided on the rod body of the outer rod 10 along the axial direction, each group of movable holes 12 includes a plurality of hole positions, and the plurality of movable holes 12 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer rod 10, and are used for the monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism 40 to be telescopically moved and telescopically moved to penetrate the rock layer outside the outer rod 10; the limit plate 20 is movably installed on the outer wall of the outer rod 10 through a sleeve structure, and can be moved axially along the outer rod 10 and finally fixedly fitted to the surface of the top plate, and is used to limit the installation depth of the outer rod 10 and ensure that the position of the monitoring end is fixed, so as to prevent damage to the monitoring environment in the anchor hole caused by the external environment; the rotating handle 30 is installed on the threaded section 11 through a threaded connection, and the rotating handle 30 is rotated to rotate The handle 30 abuts against the outer wall of the limit plate 20, and the other end of the rotating handle 30 is connected to the end of the monitoring mechanism 40 through a rotating clamping structure; when the rotating handle 30 rotates, it can also drive the monitoring mechanism 40 to move a further distance in the depth direction of the anchor hole, and the monitoring mechanism 40 moves, and at least one monitoring end moves outward, so that each monitoring end abuts against the rock layer at its respective depth position, and vice versa. By adjusting the rotating handle 30, the monitoring end can be controlled to move toward the rock layer and contact, ensuring that the monitoring mechanism 40 can accurately sense the changes in the top plate separation. Therefore, this example realizes the stable installation of the outer rod 10 and the position adjustment function of the monitoring end through the cooperation of the threaded section 11, the movable hole 12, the limit plate 20 and the rotating handle 30, providing a reliable basic structural support for the real-time monitoring of the top plate separation.

[0036] In some examples, further, the monitoring mechanism 40 includes: a central movable rod 41, an injection hole 42, a plurality of receiving grooves 43, a plurality of radially movable monitoring components 44 and a plurality of axially movable monitoring components 45, the outer end of the central movable rod 41 can be rotatably clamped in the rotating handle 30, and the central movable rod 41 is located in the inner cavity in the middle of the outer rod 10; the cavity 46 is opened in the inner cavity of the central movable rod 41; the injection hole 42 is opened in the middle position of the outer end of the central movable rod 41, for providing positive pressure gas into the cavity 46; the plurality of receiving grooves 43 are arranged along the circumferential direction, etc. The outer wall of the central movable rod 41 is provided with a receiving groove 43 for receiving all the monitoring ends in one group; a plurality of axially movable monitoring components 45 can be arranged in the inner wall of the outer rod 10 to be radially telescopic along the central axis of the outer rod 10, and each axially movable monitoring component 45 also includes a sliding plate 453 that can move axially along the outer rod 10; a plurality of radially movable monitoring components 44 can be movably connected between the outer wall of the central movable rod 41 and the axially movable monitoring components 45, and an air cavity is arranged in each radially movable monitoring component 44, and the air cavity is communicated with the cavity 46.

[0037] In this example, the main body of the monitoring mechanism 40 is a central movable rod 41, the outer end of which is connected to the rotating handle 30 through a rotating clamping structure, and can move synchronously with the rotation of the rotating handle 30, and the movement direction is to move a certain distance along the length direction of the outer rod 10. A closed cavity 46 is axially provided inside the central movable rod 41, and an injection hole 42 is provided in the middle of the outer end, so that positive pressure gas can be injected into the cavity 46 through an external air pump to maintain the positive pressure environment required for monitoring in the cavity 46. The outer wall of the central movable rod 41 has a plurality of storage grooves 43 equidistantly distributed along the circumferential direction, and each storage groove 43 corresponds to a group of monitoring ends, which are used to accommodate the monitoring ends in a non-working state to reduce external interference, reduce the diameter of the overall equipment, and facilitate entry into the anchor hole.

[0038] The axial activity monitoring component 45 includes a sliding plate 453. When the rock layer it abuts against descends to form a stratification, the corresponding sliding plate 453 will synchronously descend and slide, and the device will also synchronously produce a follow-up position change, thereby sensing this abnormal situation.

[0039] Furthermore, this example also includes a radial activity monitoring component 44, which connects the outer wall of the central movable rod 41 and the axial activity monitoring component 45. An independent air cavity is provided inside the radial activity monitoring component 44. When the rotating handle 30 drives the central movable rod 41 to move linearly, the hinge structure of the radial activity monitoring component 44 converts the rotational motion into radial movement of the axial activity monitoring component 45, so that the axial activity monitoring component 45 can extend and abut against rock layers at different depths, and finally form a monitoring state. In the monitoring state, the positive pressure gas in the cavity 46 is transmitted through the air cavity. On the one hand, it can form a good pressure sensing environment, that is, when external force is generated, it can be better sensed and fed back to the cavity 46. On the other hand, the positive pressure environment can also generate pressure to push the axial activity monitoring component 45 to always fit the rock layer, so that the axial activity monitoring component 45 is always in a relatively fixed state with the surrounding rock layers, and can also better sense the state changes of the surrounding rock layers. If the roof is axially or radially separated, the rock formation displacement forces the monitoring end to retract or deflect, and the radially movable monitoring component 44 compresses the air cavity volume or changes the cross-sectional area of ​​the gas passage, causing the pressure in the cavity 46 to change. Finally, the alarm mechanism 50 senses the pressure change and quickly alarms.

[0040] In some examples, further, the monitoring mechanism 40 also includes: a movable connection end 47 and an air duct 48, the movable connection end 47 is arranged at the outer end of the central movable rod 41; the air duct 48 runs through the movable connection end 47, and an openable and closable one-way air valve 49 is also arranged in the air duct 48, and the air duct 48 is used to inject gas into the cavity 46 to form a positive pressure environment.

[0041] In this example, it can also be understood that the monitoring mechanism 40 is detachably arranged. When the outer rod 10 and the monitoring mechanism 40 are installed, the axially movable monitoring component 45 in the monitoring mechanism 40 cannot completely contact the surrounding rock layer because the anchor hole is slightly larger. Therefore, positive pressure gas needs to be applied to the cavity 46. The positive pressure gas can be achieved by an air pump, and the corresponding pressure parameters can also be calculated by a pressure gauge or a gas flow meter set on the air pump. The current gas volume. When the cavity 46 is filled with positive pressure gas, the side of the air cavity in the radial movable mechanism that is connected to the cavity 46 is also positive pressure, and the axially movable monitoring mechanism 40 needs to rely on external force to move toward the middle of the outer rod 10. At this time, the central movable rod 41 can be driven to move by cooperating with the rotation of the rotating cylinder, thereby changing the inclination of all radial activity monitoring components 44 and pushing all axial activity monitoring components 45 to the outside of the outer rod 10. At this time, under the elastic limitation of their respective air cavities and the thrust applied by the central movable rod 41 after displacement and cooperating with the radial activity monitoring components 44, all axial activity monitoring components 45 can abut against the rock layers at their respective depth positions. If the extension layers at different depths are slightly different in distance from the outer rod 10, they can also be automatically compensated by the air cavity, so that all axial activity monitoring components 45 can be fixed at their respective monitoring positions.

[0042] In addition, after the gas in the cavity 46 is replenished, the air pump is removed, and the air passage 48 is closed under the action of the one-way air valve 49 , and then the alarm mechanism 50 is installed on the air passage 48 .

[0043] In some examples, further, the alarm mechanism 50 includes a shell 51, which can be detachably fastened to the movable connection end 47, and the alarm mechanism 50 also includes: an airflow monitoring chamber 52, a partition 53, a docking piece 54, a spring 55, a monitoring alarm 56 and a signal trigger 57, the airflow monitoring chamber 52 is opened through the inner cavity of the shell 51; the partition 53 can be moved close to or away from the movable connection end 47 and is snap-fitted into the airflow monitoring chamber 52; the docking piece 54 is placed on the partition 53 and corresponds to the position of the openable and closable one-way air valve 49. The docking piece 54 is used to pierce the one-way air valve 49, so that the end of the airflow monitoring cavity 52 where the docking piece 54 is provided is connected to the cavity 46; the spring 55 is arranged on the outer wall of the partition 53 on the side where the docking piece 54 is not provided, and is located in the airflow monitoring cavity 52; the monitoring alarm 56 is arranged in the inner cavity of the shell 51; the monitoring alarm 56 includes two monitoring ends, and the two monitoring ends are arranged at an interval; the signal triggering piece 57 is fixed in the inner wall of the edge of the partition 53, and the signal triggering piece 57 is used to trigger the monitoring alarm 56, and the signal triggering piece 57 is located in the interval between the two monitoring ends.

[0044] In this example, the purpose of the alarm mechanism 50 is to monitor the changes in the air cavity pressure and realize the automatic alarm function. Specifically, the alarm mechanism 50 includes an airflow monitoring cavity 52 arranged in the shell 51. The outer end of the airflow monitoring cavity 52 is connected to the external environment. The partition 53 can be movably arranged in the airflow monitoring cavity 52. ​​When the cavity 46 is under positive pressure, the partition 53 always has a tendency to move toward the outer end. In order to balance the influence of the internal and external pressure difference on the partition, a spring 55 is also provided in this example. The spring 55 abuts against the partition 53, pushing the partition 53 to move in the opposite direction, so that the partition 53 can be located in the middle of the airflow monitoring cavity 52, forming a balance with the force exerted on the partition 53 by the pressure difference. Therefore, when the pressure in the cavity 46 changes slightly, this balance will be broken, and the position of the partition 53 will also change significantly.

[0045] In order to capture this change, a monitoring alarm 56 and a signal trigger 57 are also provided in this example, wherein the signal trigger 57 may be a magnetic block provided in the inner wall of the edge of the partition 53, and the monitoring alarm 56 may be an electromagnetic sensor, which is converted into different electrical signals when the magnetic field changes.

[0046] In addition, it should be noted that the docking piece 54 provided in this example can be a sharp structure. When the air pump completes the inflation of the cavity 46 and is removed, under the action of the one-way air valve 49, the cavity 46 is in a closed state. In order to facilitate the maintenance and replacement of the alarm mechanism 50, a docking piece 54 that can pierce the one-way air valve 49 is provided in the alarm mechanism 50. When the alarm mechanism 50 is installed, the docking piece 54 pierces the one-way air valve 49, and the cavity 46 is immediately connected to the airflow monitoring cavity 52. ​​At this time, the alarm mechanism 50 can sense the pressure changes in the cavity 46 in real time. When the alarm mechanism 50 needs to be replaced, it can be directly dismantled, and the one-way air valve 49 is separated from the abutment, and the closed state of the cavity 46 is restored again. Therefore, through the setting of this example, the convenience of equipment use and maintenance is improved.

[0047] In some examples, further, the monitoring alarm 56 can be adjusted by the position adjustment member 58 , and the two monitoring ends move synchronously with the monitoring alarm 56 .

[0048] In this example, it is understandable that the gas pressure conditions in the cavity 46 in multiple devices may be difficult to maintain constant parameters, or different usage scenarios may have different sensitivities to the monitoring effect. Therefore, a position adjustment member 58 is also provided in this example. The position of the monitoring alarm 56 can be changed by the position adjustment member 58, so that the monitoring alarm 56 can be adaptively adjusted to the actual working position. The position adjustment member 58 provided in this example can be a screw or other structures. When a screw is used, the monitoring alarm 56 is screwed to the outer wall of the screw. The rotation of the screw is coordinated with the rotation restriction of the surrounding shell 51 on the monitoring alarm 56, so that the monitoring alarm 56 can move along the length of the screw.

[0049] In some examples, further, the axial activity monitoring assembly 45 includes: a telescopic seat 451, at least one monitoring air hole 452 and a friction protrusion 454, the telescopic seat 451 can be telescopically clamped in the inner wall of the outer rod 10; at least one monitoring air hole 452 is opened on the outer wall of the telescopic seat 451 close to the rock layer side, the monitoring air hole 452 is connected to the cavity 46 through a second gas pipeline 455, the second gas pipeline is a telescopic pipeline, and the edge of the sliding plate 453 is sealed and covered on the surface of the monitoring air hole 452; the friction protrusion 454 is arranged on the outer wall surface of the sliding plate 453 and contacts with the rock layer.

[0050] In this example, it can be understood that the main body of the axially movable monitoring component 45 includes a telescopic seat 451, wherein a monitoring air hole 452 is opened on the upper half of the telescopic seat 451, and the sliding plate 453 is sealed and covered on the monitoring air hole 452, so under normal conditions, the sealed air hole is in a sealed state, and once the rock layer position contacted by the sliding plate 453 moves in layers, the sliding plate 453 is synchronously driven to move downward to expose the monitoring air hole 452, and since the monitoring air hole 452 is connected to the cavity 46, when the top plate separation phenomenon occurs, the monitoring air hole 452 leaks out, and the positive pressure gas in the cavity 46 leaks through the monitoring air hole 452, so the pressure in the overall cavity 46 is reduced, and at this time, the thrust of the spring 55 is greater than the force exerted by the pressure on the partition 53, and the alarm can generate an abnormal alarm signal of the top plate rock layer in the axial direction.

[0051] In some examples, further, the radial activity monitoring assembly 44 includes: a movable block 441, a first air path pipe 442 and a plug-in block 443, the movable block 441 is rotatably set on the telescopic seat 451 through a hinge, and an air cavity is opened in the inner cavity of the movable block 441; one end of the first air path pipe 442 is connected to the air cavity, and the other end of the first air path pipe 442 is connected to the cavity 46; one end of the plug-in block 443 is rotatably set on the outer wall of the central movable rod 41 through a hinge, and the other end is movably and sealedly plugged into the air cavity of the movable block 441.

[0052] In this example, the movable block 441 in the radial activity monitoring assembly 44 is rotatably connected to the telescopic seat 451, and a plug-in block 443 is movably plugged in the movable block 441. The plug-in block 443 can move linearly in the air cavity of the movable block 441. When the device is not installed in the anchor hole, the movable block 441 and the plug-in block 443 are close to a parallel state with the central movable rod 41. When the rotating cylinder is rotated, the movable block 441 and the plug-in block 443 and the central movable rod 41 are close to a vertical state, and the telescopic seat 451 is pushed out to the outside of the outer rod 10, so that the sliding plate 453 contacts the outer rock layer. When the rock layer undergoes radial movement, it will push the telescopic seat 451 to undergo radial movement in the outer rod 10, and movement will also occur between the movable block 441 and the plug-in block 443. The air cavities in the movable block 441 and the plug-in block 443 are compressed. Since the air cavity and the cavity 46 are connected, the pressure in the entire cavity 46 increases. The pressure in the cavity 46 is greater than the pressure applied to the partition 53 by the spring 55, and the position of the partition 53 moves in the opposite direction to that of the previous embodiment, which is sensed by the other monitoring end of the monitoring alarm 56. The monitoring alarm 56 generates an alarm signal indicating that the top plate has moved radially away from the layer.

[0053] The above are only embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A geological disaster monitoring and early warning device for underground coal mines, used for monitoring roof separation phenomena, comprising an outer rod (10) placed in an anchor hole, characterized in that: Also includes: A monitoring mechanism (40), the monitoring mechanism (40) being located in the outer rod (10), the monitoring mechanism (40) having a plurality of independent monitoring ends, each of the monitoring ends being able to telescopically penetrate the outer wall of the outer rod (10) and extend to the rock layer outside the outer rod (10); a cavity (46) being arranged in the middle of the monitoring mechanism (40), each of the monitoring ends being connected to the cavity (46), and when the top plate is in a normal condition, the pressure in the cavity (46) is constant; an alarm mechanism (50) installed at the outer end of the monitoring mechanism (40), the alarm mechanism (50) being able to communicate with the cavity (46) and used to sense the pressure condition in the cavity (46) and generate an alarm signal; Each monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism (40) is capable of moving axially and / or radially relative to the outer rod (10), and when each monitoring end moves axially and / or radially relative to the outer rod (10), the pressure state in the cavity (46) changes.

2. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1 is characterized by: The outer rod (10) is also provided with: A threaded section (11) is arranged on the outer wall of the outer end of the outer rod (10); A plurality of movable holes (12) form a group, each group of movable holes (12) is opened at equal distances along the axial direction of the outer rod (10), and multiple groups of movable holes (12) are distributed at equal distances along the circumferential direction of the outer rod (10); A limiting plate (20) is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the outer rod (10) and is attached to the surface of the top plate; The rotating handle (30) can be screwed onto the outer side of the threaded section (11), and the end of the rotating handle (30) facing the top plate abuts against the outer wall of the limit plate (20), and the other end of the rotating handle (30) can be rotatably engaged with the end of the monitoring mechanism (40) to drive at least one monitoring end of the monitoring mechanism (40) to abut against the rock layer at its respective depth.

3. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism (40) comprises: A central movable rod (41), the outer end of which is rotatably engaged in the rotating handle (30), the central movable rod (41) being located in the inner cavity in the middle of the outer rod (10); the cavity (46) being opened in the inner cavity of the central movable rod (41); A gas injection hole (42) is provided at the middle of the outer end of the central movable rod (41) and is used to provide positive pressure gas into the cavity (46); A plurality of receiving grooves (43) are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the central movable rod (41), and each of the receiving grooves (43) is used to receive all monitoring ends in one group; A plurality of axial activity monitoring components (45) are arranged in the inner wall of the outer rod (10) and are capable of radially telescoping along the central axis of the outer rod (10); each of the axial activity monitoring components (45) further comprises a sliding plate (453) capable of axially moving along the outer rod (10); A plurality of radial activity monitoring components (44) are movably connected between the outer wall of the central movable rod (41) and the axial activity monitoring component (45), and an air cavity is provided in each of the radial activity monitoring components (44), and the air cavity is communicated with the cavity (46).

4. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The monitoring mechanism (40) further comprises: A movable connection end (47), the movable connection end (47) being arranged at the outer end of the central movable rod (41); An air passage (48) is provided through the movable connection end (47), and an openable and closable one-way air valve (49) is also provided in the air passage (48). The air passage (48) is used to inject gas into the cavity (46) to form a positive pressure environment.

5. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4 is characterized by: The alarm mechanism (50) comprises a housing (51), wherein the housing (51) is detachably fastened to the movable connection end (47), and the alarm mechanism (50) further comprises: An airflow monitoring cavity (52) is provided through the inner cavity of the housing (51); A partition (53) capable of moving toward or away from the movable connection end (47) and being snap-fitted into the airflow monitoring cavity (52); a docking piece (54) disposed on the partition (53) and corresponding to the position of the openable and closable one-way air valve (49); the docking piece (54) is used to pierce the one-way air valve (49) so that one end of the airflow monitoring cavity (52) provided with the docking piece (54) is connected to the cavity (46); A spring (55) is arranged on the outer wall of the partition (53) on the side where the docking member (54) is not arranged, and is located in the airflow monitoring cavity (52); A monitoring alarm (56) is arranged in the inner cavity of the housing (51); the monitoring alarm (56) comprises two monitoring ends, and the two monitoring ends are arranged at intervals; A signal triggering member (57) is fixed in the inner wall of the edge of the partition (53). The signal triggering member (57) is used to trigger the monitoring alarm (56). The signal triggering member (57) is located in the interval between the two monitoring ends.

6. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 5 is characterized by: The monitoring alarm (56) can be adjusted by a position adjustment member (58), and the two monitoring ends move synchronously following the monitoring alarm (56).

7. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 5 is characterized by: The axial activity monitoring component (45) comprises: A telescopic seat (451), the telescopic seat (451) being telescopically snap-fitted into the inner wall of the outer rod (10); At least one monitoring air hole (452) is provided on the outer wall of the telescopic seat (451) close to the rock layer, the monitoring air hole (452) is connected to the cavity (46) via a second air pipeline (455), and the edge of the sliding plate (453) is sealed and covers the surface of the monitoring air hole (452); The friction protrusion (454) is arranged on the outer wall surface of the sliding plate (453) and is in contact with the rock layer.

8. The underground coal mine geological disaster monitoring and early warning device according to claim 7 is characterized by: The radial activity monitoring assembly (44) comprises: A movable block (441) is rotatably arranged on the telescopic seat (451) via a hinge seat, and the air cavity is opened in the inner cavity of the movable block (441); A first air path pipeline (442), one end of which is connected to the air cavity, and the other end of which is connected to the cavity (46); The plug-in block (443) has one end rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the central movable rod (41) through a hinge seat, and the other end is movably and hermetically plugged into the air cavity of the movable block (441).

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