Traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twinning

Abstract

The invention relates to a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twinning, and the system is characterized in that the system comprises a data collection monitoring module, a traceable asphalt production batch correlation model, and an integrated visual management and control platform; the data acquisition monitoring module and the traceable asphalt production batch association model are electrically connected with the integrated visual management and control platform; real-time monitoring of the whole process of asphalt from production, transportation to construction can be achieved, the integrity and transparency of asphalt quality information are ensured, the system provides detailed records of all links of production, transportation, laying and the like of each batch of asphalt, rapid source tracing and timely problem solving are facilitated when quality problems occur, the construction management efficiency is improved, and the construction cost is reduced. Through the application of the digital twin technology, the full life cycle data of asphalt can be stored in real time and visually displayed, the traceability of the construction process is ensured, and the construction quality and safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of road construction quality management, and in particular to a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins. Background Art

[0002] In the traditional road construction mode, there are usually a series of quality control problems in the process of asphalt from mixing production, transportation to paving and rolling at the construction site. For example, the control of key parameters such as temperature and oil-to-stone ratio in the asphalt mixing production process is often not precise enough, resulting in unstable performance of asphalt mixture. At the same time, in the asphalt transportation link, due to the lack of real-time monitoring, delays and uneven mixture temperature may occur during vehicle transportation, which directly affects the working performance of asphalt when it arrives at the construction site. In the paving and rolling links, the control of construction quality also faces many challenges. For example, the lack of precise control of key parameters such as paving temperature, paving speed and rolling times may result in the road surface flatness and compaction failing to meet the design standards. More importantly, it is difficult to trace the entire process of asphalt from production to construction. If quality problems occur, it is difficult to quickly locate the source of the problem and make effective repairs. In addition, quality defects in the construction process may cause early damage to the road, increase the cost of later maintenance, and even cause traffic accidents, endangering driving safety. These problems will not only cause economic losses, but also have a negative impact on environmental protection and social sustainable development.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a system that can achieve full life cycle traceability and full process quality control of asphalt. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In the first aspect, a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twin is provided, which includes:

[0006] A data acquisition monitoring module, a traceable asphalt production batch association model, and an integrated visual management and control platform, wherein the data acquisition monitoring module and the traceable asphalt production batch association model are both electrically connected to the integrated visual management and control platform;

[0007] The data acquisition and monitoring module is used to collect, monitor and analyze the data of various indicators in the whole process of asphalt production, transportation and construction in real time;

[0008] The traceable asphalt production batch association model is used to store and manage the data collected by the data acquisition and monitoring module using the cloud;

[0009] The integrated visual management and control platform is used to integrate the real-time data of asphalt from production, transportation to construction, and upload all data to the cloud through the Internet of Things technology for visual display.

[0010] Preferably, the data acquisition monitoring module includes an asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module, a transportation intelligent monitoring module and a paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module;

[0011] The asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module is used to collect various data of the asphalt mixing station in real time and upload and store them in real time;

[0012] The transport intelligent monitoring module is used to automatically associate the vehicle's loading information with the transport vehicle, and to upload and store data on the temperature of the asphalt during transportation and the vehicle's location, speed, and transportation route in real time;

[0013] The paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module is used to collect relevant parameters during the asphalt construction process, and upload and store the collected data in real time.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent monitoring module of the asphalt mixing station includes a preliminary preparation module, a production process data monitoring module and a post-processing module;

[0015] The preliminary preparation module includes installing corresponding sensors on relevant instruments in the production process to facilitate the detection of raw materials, and then generating a feed inspection report and a quality improvement report after the raw materials pass relevant inspections, and returning the raw materials that do not meet the requirements to the supplier for processing, and determining the raw material mix ratio and dosage according to the asphalt properties required for construction;

[0016] The production process data monitoring module includes oil-stone ratio monitoring, mixture temperature monitoring and material gradation monitoring. The oil-stone ratio monitoring is used to collect and upload the quality data of oil and stone in the production process in real time. The mixture temperature monitoring is used to collect and upload the temperature data of asphalt in various stages of asphalt mixing plant equipment, transportation vehicles and paving and rolling machines in real time. The material gradation monitoring includes real-time detection of aggregates of different particle sizes through a gradation analyzer, and classification of aggregates of different sizes through sensors. The data is calculated through a cumulative distribution function to ensure that the particle size distribution of the mixture is reasonable. The cumulative distribution function is expressed as:

[0017]

[0018] Where P(x) is the cumulative percentage of particles with a diameter less than x, H(xx i ) is the Heaviside step function, indicating whether the particle size is smaller than x; N is the total number of sampled particles; λ controls the coefficient of exponential decay, indicating the gradual dilution of large particles;

[0019] The post-processing module is used to count the total amount of asphalt mixture production after the asphalt mixture production is completed, and to number them in sequence according to the asphalt production batches.

[0020] Preferably, the dynamic change of asphalt temperature in the mixture temperature monitoring follows the following heat conduction equation:

[0021]

[0022] Where T(x,t) represents the temperature at position x and time t; k is the thermal conductivity, which reflects the heat transfer effect of the material during the mixing process; is the spatial Laplace operator of temperature, which describes the temperature diffusion at different positions; Q(x,t) is the heat source term, which describes the heat generated by friction or chemical reaction during stirring.

[0023] Preferably, the transport intelligent monitoring module includes:

[0024] First, the asphalt mixture is transferred and recorded in sequence according to the asphalt production number and the vehicle number, so that the vehicle loading information is automatically associated with the transport vehicle;

[0025] During the transportation process, the temperature of the asphalt mixture is monitored in real time through sensors, and the location and speed of the transport vehicle are monitored in real time through GPS positioning.

[0026] The collected data will then be uploaded via 5G transmission technology, and organized and analyzed according to the asphalt production batch and loading vehicle number. The vehicle transportation parameters will be adjusted in real time according to the fluctuations of the collected data, and the adjusted parameters will be stored.

[0027] Preferably, the paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module includes a paving subsystem, a rolling subsystem and a construction main control center;

[0028] The paving subsystem is used to monitor and control the paving temperature, speed, thickness and flatness in real time;

[0029] The rolling subsystem is used to perform real-time monitoring and data collection during the initial rolling, re-rolling and final rolling stages of asphalt rolling;

[0030] The construction main control center is used to control the construction machines and various measuring instruments to work together, collect various data during the construction process, organize and analyze them according to the asphalt batch number, take some samples for quality inspection, and make immediate adjustments to the paving and rolling process based on the analysis and inspection results.

[0031] Preferably, the rolling subsystem includes rolling pressure control, coordinated control of rolling speed and pressure, and monitoring of the number of rolling passes.

[0032] Preferably, the coordinated control of the rolling speed and pressure uses a feedback control algorithm to perform closed-loop control through real-time data of speed and pressure.

[0033] Preferably, the traceable asphalt production batch association model includes asphalt mixing plant production process traceability, asphalt intelligent transportation process traceability and asphalt paving and rolling process traceability;

[0034] The asphalt mixing plant production process traceability is used to monitor key parameters such as temperature and asphalt-to-stone ratio in real time during the asphalt production process, generate a unique batch number and associate relevant data, and provide a basis for quality traceability;

[0035] The asphalt intelligent transportation process traceability is used to associate transportation vehicles with production batches and monitor temperature and vehicle speed in real time;

[0036] The asphalt paving and rolling process traceability is used to monitor the temperature, thickness and rolling parameters during the construction process, and is associated with batch data to achieve full traceability.

[0037] Preferably, the integrated visual management and control platform includes a real-time data collection and upload module, a data integration and analysis storage module, a stage optimization and report production module, and a visual interface display module;

[0038] The real-time data collection and upload module is used to collect key data of production, transportation and construction through sensors, and upload it to the cloud in real time and associate it with the batch number;

[0039] The data integration and analysis storage module is used to systematically manage production, transportation and construction data, form a complete traceability chain, and quickly locate the problem stage and cause through cloud-based data integration and analysis;

[0040] The phase optimization and report production module includes using big data analysis technology to optimize the construction process and generate traceability reports for quality control, project acceptance and future construction improvements;

[0041] The visualization interface display module is used to display data in real time through a dashboard and a 3D model, so that it can intuitively present the construction status and support data query, report generation and intelligent early warning.

[0042] The embodiment of the present application provides a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins, which can realize real-time monitoring of the entire process of asphalt from production, transportation to construction, ensuring the integrity and transparency of asphalt quality information. The system provides detailed records of each batch of asphalt production, transportation, paving and other links, which is convenient for rapid tracing when quality problems occur, timely solving problems, and improving construction management efficiency. Through the application of digital twin technology, the full life cycle data of asphalt can be stored in real time and visualized, ensuring the traceability of the construction process and improving construction quality and safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0044] Figure 1 The overall architecture diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring module for an asphalt mixing station provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a transport intelligent monitoring module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an intelligent monitoring module for paving and rolling provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 5 A diagram of a correlation model for traceable asphalt production batches provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 Module diagram of the integrated visual management and control platform provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] The embodiment of the present application provides a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins, which can solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0052] See also Figure 1 , a traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twin, comprising: a data acquisition monitoring module, a traceable asphalt production batch association model and an integrated visualization management and control platform, the data acquisition monitoring module and the traceable asphalt production batch association model are electrically connected to the integrated visualization management and control platform, the data acquisition monitoring module is used to collect, monitor and analyze various indicator data of the whole process of asphalt from production, transportation to construction in real time, the traceable asphalt production batch association model is used to use the cloud to store and manage the data collected by the data acquisition monitoring module, the integrated visualization management and control platform is used to integrate the real-time data of each link of asphalt from production, transportation to construction, and upload various data to the cloud through the Internet of Things technology for visualization;

[0053] In this way, this application can realize real-time monitoring of the entire process of asphalt from production, transportation to construction, ensuring the integrity and transparency of asphalt quality information. The system provides detailed records of each link of the production, transportation, paving, etc. of each batch of asphalt, which is convenient for rapid tracing when quality problems occur, timely solving problems, and improving construction management efficiency. Through the application of digital twin technology, the full life cycle data of asphalt can be stored in real time and visualized, ensuring the traceability of the construction process and improving construction quality and safety.

[0054] Specifically, the data collection and monitoring module includes an asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module, a transportation intelligent monitoring module, and a paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module. The asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module is used to collect various data of the asphalt mixing station in real time and upload and store them in real time;

[0055] See also Figure 2 ,S1: The intelligent monitoring module of asphalt mixing station includes the preliminary preparation module, the production process data monitoring module and the post-processing module;

[0056] S1-1: The preliminary preparation module includes installing corresponding sensors on relevant instruments in the production process to facilitate the detection of raw materials, and arranging and debugging high-precision sensors in the asphalt mixing plant, including various instruments required for temperature control, oil-stone ratio monitoring, particle identification and particle size determination in the production process;

[0057] Then, after the raw materials enter the station and pass the relevant inspections, a material inspection report and a quality improvement report will be generated, and the raw materials that do not meet the requirements will be returned to the supplier. At the same time, the raw material mix ratio and dosage will be determined according to the asphalt properties required for construction;

[0058] S1-2: The production process data monitoring module includes oil-stone ratio monitoring, mixture temperature monitoring and material gradation monitoring. The oil-stone ratio monitoring is used to collect and upload the quality data of oil and stone in the production process in real time;

[0059] Specifically, the oil-to-stone ratio is the mass ratio of oil to stone in the asphalt mixture during asphalt production. It is one of the important parameters that determine the performance of asphalt. An appropriate oil-to-stone ratio can ensure that the asphalt has good adhesion, stability and durability. In order to achieve this goal, the intelligent monitoring module of the asphalt mixing plant can measure the quality data of oil and stone in the production process in real time through the high-precision quality sensor installed in the mixing equipment;

[0060] The oil and stone data of each batch are collected by sensors and transmitted to the system. The system uses a specific nonlinear ratio model to calculate the oil-stone ratio. The formula is:

[0061]

[0062] Where: M 0 (t) is the mass of oil in asphalt mixture (unit: kg); M s (t) is the mass of the stone (unit: kg); α is the amplitude factor, which is used to correct the fluctuation during the mixing process; ω is the frequency, which is used to characterize the dynamic effect of the mixing rate on the oil-stone ratio. is the initial phase offset.

[0063] Furthermore, mixture temperature monitoring is used to collect and upload real-time temperature data of asphalt at various stages in asphalt mixing plant equipment, transport vehicles, and paving and rolling machines;

[0064] Temperature is another key parameter that affects the performance of asphalt mixtures. Temperature control is a very important link because it directly affects the performance of asphalt mixtures and the quality of the final road surface. Temperature control should be carried out throughout the entire life cycle of asphalt from production, transportation to construction. By introducing advanced heat conduction models, high-precision temperature sensors are installed on asphalt mixing plant equipment, transportation vehicles, and paving and rolling machines to collect temperature data at each stage and transmit the data to the central control system to ensure that the temperature during the production process is always in the optimal range;

[0065] The system can perform real-time temperature analysis based on data collected by sensors to ensure that the temperature is evenly distributed during the asphalt mixing process, thereby avoiding asphalt quality problems caused by local temperatures that are too high or too low.

[0066] The dynamic change of asphalt temperature in mixture temperature monitoring follows the following heat conduction equation:

[0067]

[0068] Where T(x,t) represents the temperature at position x and time t; k is the thermal conductivity, which reflects the heat transfer effect of the material during the mixing process; is the spatial Laplace operator of temperature, which describes the temperature diffusion at different positions; Q(x,t) is the heat source term, which describes the heat generated by friction or chemical reaction during stirring.

[0069] Aggregate gradation is an important factor in determining the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. Appropriate aggregate gradation can ensure that asphalt has good strength, stability and durability. In order to ensure that the particle size distribution of aggregates in asphalt mixtures meets the design requirements, material gradation monitoring includes real-time detection of aggregates of different particle sizes through a gradation analyzer, and classification of aggregates of different sizes through high-precision sensors. The data is calculated through the cumulative distribution function to ensure that the particle size distribution of the mixture is reasonable. The cumulative distribution function is expressed as:

[0070]

[0071] Where P(x) is the cumulative percentage of particles with a diameter less than x, H(xx i ) is the Heaviside step function, indicating whether the particle size is smaller than x; N is the total number of sampled particles; λ controls the coefficient of exponential decay, indicating the gradual dilution of large particles;

[0072] S1-3: The post-processing module is used to count the total amount of asphalt mixture production after the asphalt mixture production is completed, and to number the asphalt production batches in sequence to confirm the stability and traceability of data transmission.

[0073] In this way, various data of the asphalt mixing plant (production volume, grading, temperature, oil-stone ratio, raw material composition ratio and usage) are collected in real time through sensors and integrated. The collected data (including production parameters, environmental data, etc.) are uploaded to the cloud in real time through the industrial gateway. The cloud platform stores these data according to batch numbers and associates them with the production time, location, equipment and other information of the batch to form a complete production record.

[0074] See also Figure 3 The intelligent transport monitoring module is used to automatically associate the vehicle's loading information with the transport vehicle, and to upload and store the data of the asphalt temperature during transportation and the vehicle's location, speed and transport route in real time;

[0075] S2: Transportation intelligent monitoring module includes:

[0076] S2-1: The asphalt mixture is transferred and recorded in sequence according to the asphalt production number and the vehicle number, so that the loading information of the vehicle is automatically associated with the transport vehicle;

[0077] S2-2: During the transportation process, the temperature of the asphalt mixture is monitored in real time by high-precision sensors arranged on the vehicle, and the position and speed of the transport vehicle are monitored in real time by GPS positioning. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0078] Vehicle transportation location monitoring: When a vehicle is loaded with asphalt, the system will automatically generate information related to the asphalt batch loaded by the vehicle based on the vehicle's GPS location and the data from the asphalt production system. This means that each transport vehicle will be automatically matched with the asphalt batch it transports, forming an association record between the batch number and the vehicle. The batch number generated during the asphalt production phase is uploaded through the system during loading, marking the start of transportation of the batch. When the vehicle is loaded with asphalt, the system will associate the batch number with the GPS location data. The real-time location of the vehicle can be expressed as:

[0079] L(t)=(x(t),y(t))=(x 0 +v x t,y 0 +v y t)

[0080] Where L(t) is the two-dimensional position coordinate of the vehicle at time t; x(t) and y(t) are the latitude and longitude coordinates of the vehicle respectively; v x , v y are the components of the vehicle's speed in the x and y directions respectively; (x 0 ,y 0 ) is the initial position of the vehicle.

[0081] Speed ​​monitoring and driving status confirmation: In addition to route tracking, the system also monitors the driving speed of the vehicle through GPS equipment. During the transportation and paving and rolling of asphalt, the speed of the vehicle or machine needs to be controlled. During transportation, managers can adjust the transportation plan based on real-time speed data to ensure that the asphalt arrives at the construction site at the optimal time and under the best conditions;

[0082] The formula for the vehicle speed during transportation is:

[0083]

[0084] Where v(t) is the vehicle speed at time t; x(t) and y(t) are the vehicle position information at time t respectively; are the rates of change of position with time.

[0085] During construction, the system can monitor the paving and rolling speed in real time through speed sensors on the paver and roller, and adjust these parameters according to the type of asphalt and the current temperature. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0086] a. Speed ​​adjustment during transportation: ensure that the asphalt maintains proper temperature and uniformity during transportation to avoid degradation of material properties due to low temperature or excessive vibration;

[0087] Parameter adjustment basis:

[0088] Asphalt Type:

[0089] Ordinary asphalt: Keep the transportation speed between 30-50km / h to prevent the temperature from dissipating too quickly. Modified asphalt: It is recommended to keep the transportation speed below 40km / h to ensure that the temperature fluctuation is controlled within ±5℃. SMA asphalt (skeleton dense asphalt): The transportation speed needs to be controlled at 25-40km / h to avoid long-term vibration causing the skeleton to separate.

[0090] Transport distance:

[0091] Distance <30km: The transportation speed can be increased appropriately, but the temperature needs to be monitored.

[0092] Distance > 30km: It is recommended to reduce the transportation speed and increase insulation measures, such as covering with insulation materials.

[0093] External ambient temperature:

[0094] Ambient temperature is lower than 15°C: The transport speed is recommended to be lower than 40km / h, and the cabin heating device should be enabled.

[0095] Ambient temperature is higher than 25℃: the speed can be increased appropriately, but the asphalt temperature must be monitored to ensure it does not exceed the design upper limit (generally 170℃).

[0096] b. Speed ​​adjustment during the paving stage: ensure that the thickness of the paving layer is uniform and the temperature is appropriate, and avoid affecting the flatness and density of the road surface due to too fast or too slow speed;

[0097] Parameter adjustment basis:

[0098] Paving thickness:

[0099] Thin layer paving (<3cm): The recommended speed is 3-6m / min to ensure uniform distribution of materials. Medium and thick layer paving (3-7cm): The recommended speed is 2-4m / min to prevent material accumulation or uneven distribution.

[0100] Thick layer paving (>7cm): The speed needs to be reduced to 1-3m / min, and temperature control should be strengthened.

[0101] Asphalt Type:

[0102] Ordinary asphalt: The paving speed is maintained at 3-5m / min, and temperature monitoring is appropriately increased.

[0103] Modified asphalt: The paving speed is recommended not to exceed 4m / min to avoid excessive cooling after paving. SMA asphalt: The paving speed is strictly controlled at 2-4m / min, and the frequency of the paver vibrator is increased.

[0104] Temperature Control:

[0105] When the asphalt temperature is below 135°C, the paving speed needs to be reduced (1-2m / min) to avoid cold joints. When the asphalt temperature is above 170°C, the paving needs to be stopped to check the heating and material quality.

[0106] c. Speed ​​adjustment during the rolling stage: ensure the compactness and uniformity of the road surface, and avoid excessively high or low speeds that may result in insufficient rolling or material movement;

[0107] Parameter adjustment basis:

[0108] Rolling times:

[0109] Initial compaction stage: The recommended speed is 1.5-3.0km / h, with a focus on controlling compaction uniformity.

[0110] Re-compaction stage: The recommended speed is 3.0-5.0km / h to optimize the compaction effect.

[0111] Final compaction stage: The recommended speed is 5.0-8.0km / h to complete the surface flatness compaction.

[0112] Rolling temperature:

[0113] Initial pressing temperature: 135-150℃, speed needs to be slow (1.5-2.5km / h).

[0114] Re-pressing temperature: 120-135℃, the speed can be appropriately increased (2.5-4.5km / h).

[0115] Final pressure temperature: 100-120℃, the speed can be further increased (4.5-6.0km / h).

[0116] Pavement material:

[0117] Ordinary asphalt: follow general compaction speed parameters.

[0118] Modified asphalt: control the speed at a low limit and increase the vibration frequency of the compaction wheel.

[0119] SMA asphalt: requires a lower speed (1.5-3.0km / h) and an increased number of rolling passes.

[0120] d. Speed ​​adjustment for special situations;

[0121] Complex construction site:

[0122] Irregular road sections or slopes: The paving and rolling speeds need to be reduced by 30%-50% to prevent material loss or uneven density.

[0123] Emergency construction conditions:

[0124] Nighttime low-temperature construction: Transportation and paving speeds need to be reduced by 20%, and temperature compensation measures for construction equipment should be added.

[0125] Long-term construction: Increase the monitoring frequency to ensure dynamic adjustment of the speed of transportation and construction.

[0126] In this way, by real-time monitoring of the speed of vehicles and construction equipment, and combining parameters such as asphalt type, temperature, thickness, etc., the transportation, paving and rolling speeds can be dynamically adjusted to ensure that the construction quality reaches the optimal level. These optimized parameters will be transmitted to the operators through the central control system and displayed and recorded in real time on the visualization platform.

[0127] S2-3: The collected data is uploaded through 5G transmission technology, and sorted and analyzed according to the asphalt production batch and loading vehicle number. The vehicle transportation parameters are adjusted in real time according to the fluctuations of the collected data, and the adjusted parameters are stored.

[0128] In this way, the vehicle's loading information (including the loaded asphalt batch number, loading time, etc.) can be automatically associated with the transport vehicle, and through GPS positioning, temperature monitoring, RFID / NFC identification technology and real-time data upload and storage, all-round monitoring and tracking of asphalt during transportation can be achieved. Ensure that asphalt maintains high quality during transportation, and any batch of asphalt can be traced throughout the process through the system, improving the management efficiency of asphalt production and construction.

[0129] See also Figure 4 The paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module is used to collect relevant parameters during the asphalt construction process, and upload and store the collected data in real time;

[0130] S3: The paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module includes the paving subsystem, the rolling subsystem and the construction main control center;

[0131] The paving subsystem uses high-precision sensors installed on the paving machine to monitor and control the paving temperature, speed, thickness and flatness in real time. The specific implementation method of paving thickness and flatness is as follows:

[0132] Paving thickness control: During the paving process, paving thickness and flatness are parameters that require precise control. The system monitors the thickness of the paving layer in real time through the thickness sensor on the paver to ensure that the thickness of each layer meets the design specifications, accumulates and measures the thickness, and dynamically adjusts the discharging speed of the paver to ensure that the material is evenly distributed and the thickness remains consistent during the paving process. After paving is completed, 3D laser scanners are used for automated inspection to improve inspection accuracy, record inspection data, and promptly discover and correct deviations.

[0133] The rolling subsystem is used to monitor and collect data in real time during the initial, secondary and final rolling stages of asphalt rolling. To ensure that the road surface has sufficient density, the rolling subsystem includes rolling pressure control, coordinated control of rolling speed and pressure, and monitoring of rolling passes, including:

[0134] Rolling pressure control:

[0135] Dynamic adjustment is required based on parameters such as the type of pavement material, asphalt temperature, and number of rolling passes. Excessive pressure may cause damage to the pavement structure, while insufficient pressure cannot ensure sufficient compactness of the pavement. Rolling pressure is divided into static weight pressure and vibration pressure. The system can adjust the contact area by changing the tire inflation pressure or using different roller configurations. Increasing the contact area can reduce the pressure applied per unit area, which is suitable for soft pavements; while reducing the contact area can increase the pressure per unit area, which is suitable for pavements that require high compactness. At the same time, the frequency and amplitude of the vibration wheel can be adjusted according to real-time pressure data to increase or decrease the vibration force during the rolling process, thereby controlling the total pressure.

[0136] Coordinated control of rolling speed and pressure:

[0137] There is a close synergistic relationship between rolling speed and pressure, which need to cooperate with each other during the construction process. The system will comprehensively analyze the current speed and pressure data, use feedback control algorithms, and perform closed-loop control through real-time data of speed and pressure. According to the current construction conditions (such as road thickness, material temperature, construction progress), the speed and pressure of the roller are adjusted to ensure the best construction effect. The specific implementation method is as follows;

[0138] Feedback control algorithm model:

[0139] 1. Algorithm framework:

[0140] Input variables:

[0141] v(t): roller speed; P(t): rolling pressure; T(t): road surface temperature; h(t): road surface thickness; S(t): construction progress;

[0142] Target output:

[0143] Adjusted velocity v'(t); Adjusted pressure P'(t);

[0144] Control objectives:

[0145] Ensure that the roller compactor operates within the set speed and pressure range:

[0146] v min ≤v(t)≤v max ;

[0147] P min ≤P(t)≤P max ;

[0148] Make the road surface density reach the standard value D target .

[0149] 2. Feedback control logic:

[0150] The control algorithm is divided into the following steps:

[0151] (1) Real-time data acquisition: obtain data such as speed v(t), pressure P(t), temperature T(t), thickness h(t), progress S(t) through sensors.

[0152] (2) Error calculation:

[0153] Speed ​​error: e v (t) = v target (t)-v(t);

[0154] Pressure error: e P (t) = P target (t)-P(t);

[0155] where v target (t) and P targe t(t) is the target value dynamically calculated according to the current construction conditions.

[0156] (3) PID controller adjustment:

[0157] Speed ​​Control:

[0158]

[0159] They are the proportional, integral and differential gains of speed control respectively.

[0160] Pressure Control:

[0161]

[0162] They are the proportional, integral and differential gains of pressure control respectively.

[0163] (4) Collaborative adjustment strategy:

[0164] Dynamically adjust the target speed and pressure according to the road surface temperature T(t) and thickness h(t):

[0165] v target (t) = f v (h(t), T(t))

[0166] P target (t) = f P (h(t), T(t))

[0167] f v and f P It is a function based on construction experience and model fitting. The following is an example:

[0168] f v (h,T)=a v ·h+b v ·T+c v

[0169] f P (h,T)=a P ·h+b P ·T+c P

[0170] (5) Output update:

[0171] Updated speed and pressure:

[0172] v′(t)=v(t)+Δv(t)

[0173] P′(t)=P(t)+ΔP(t)

[0174] (6) System feedback:

[0175] Apply the adjusted speed and pressure to the rolling equipment, and repeat the above steps to form a closed-loop control.

[0176] Algorithm optimization and implementation:

[0177] Dynamic gain adjustment: Dynamically adjust the gain value of the PID controller according to the different construction stages. For example, in the initial pressure stage, the pressure response is more important than the speed, so increasing K P value; in the final pressure stage, the speed control has a higher weight.

[0178] Multivariate coupling analysis: Through multivariate regression analysis, the relationship between v(t), P(t), T(t), and h(t) is further optimized. v and f P function to make it more suitable for construction needs.

[0179] Tolerance range setting: Set the permissible error range for speed and pressure to avoid oscillation caused by over-adjustment.

[0180] Set the tolerance range:

[0181] |e v (t)|<∈ v ,|e P (t)|<∈ P

[0182] In this way, through the above-mentioned feedback control algorithm, the system can dynamically adapt to different construction conditions, adjust the speed and pressure of the roller, and ensure that the road surface density and construction quality reach the optimal state. At the same time, the algorithm is stable and robust and can be widely used in different types of road construction scenarios.

[0183] Rolling pass monitoring:

[0184] The number of rolling passes determines the density of the asphalt mixture, which affects the mechanical properties of the road surface. The sensor on the roller will record the number of rolling passes each time and evaluate the rolling effect according to the standard number of passes set by the system. After each rolling, the system will record the number of passes and compare it with the preset standard. If the number of rolling passes is insufficient or exceeds the standard, the system will prompt the operator to adjust the rolling frequency. The system calculates the cumulative effect of the rolling passes through the following formula:

[0185]

[0186] Among them, Q c (t) is the cumulative rolling mass at time t, v(t') is the rolling speed, and P(t') is the pressure during rolling.

[0187] Furthermore, the construction control center is used to control the construction machines and various measuring instruments to work together, collect various data during the construction process, organize and analyze them according to the asphalt batch number, and take some samples for quality inspection. According to the analysis and inspection results, the paving and rolling process can be adjusted immediately;

[0188] In this way, various sensors can be installed according to the specific structure of the construction equipment before construction to ensure that the sensors can accurately collect key parameters in the construction, including temperature, thickness, speed, pressure and number of rolling passes, and upload these data to the cloud server in real time. After the construction is completed, the system will automatically generate a construction quality report. The management personnel can evaluate the construction quality based on the report and provide the report to the project party as an important basis for construction acceptance.

[0189] See also Figure 5,S4: The traceable asphalt production batch association model includes the asphalt mixing plant production process traceability, asphalt smart transportation process traceability and asphalt paving and rolling process traceability;

[0190] S4-1: Asphalt mixing plant production process traceability is used to monitor key parameters such as temperature and asphalt-to-stone ratio in real time during asphalt production, generate a unique batch number and associate relevant data to provide a basis for quality traceability;

[0191] The specific implementation method is: control the incoming inspection of raw materials according to the purchase order, generate incoming inspection report and quality improvement report, monitor temperature changes and fluctuations in the oil-stone ratio of the mixture at all times during the entire production process, and control the particle grading composition of each component. After production is completed, the system will automatically generate a unique batch number based on production time, equipment ID, formula number, etc. This number will run through the entire production, transportation and construction process of asphalt. As the core identifier of traceability, the batch number will be associated and recorded with key parameters in the production process (such as oil-stone ratio, production temperature, mixing time, source of raw materials, etc.), and can be called up for viewing at any time.

[0192] S4-2: Asphalt smart transportation process traceability is used to associate transportation vehicles with production batches and monitor temperature and vehicle speed in real time;

[0193] Specifically, when a transport vehicle is loaded with asphalt mixture, the vehicle number is associated with and recorded in the asphalt production batch. During transportation, the temperature fluctuation of the asphalt mixture is monitored in real time, and the vehicle speed is controlled to ensure the smooth progress of the transportation process.

[0194] S4-3: Asphalt paving and rolling process traceability is used to monitor the temperature, thickness and rolling parameters during the construction process, and is associated with batch data to achieve full traceability to ensure construction quality.

[0195] In this way, through full-process data monitoring and batch association, the system can quickly trace back the monitoring data of each link through the batch number when quality problems occur during the production, transportation or construction of asphalt, and determine the specific stage and cause of the problem. The system introduces real-time monitoring and data collection at each stage, and uses the cloud platform for data storage and management to ensure that the production, transportation and paving process of each batch of asphalt can be documented, forming a complete traceability chain to achieve quality control and problem location. The model covers the entire process of asphalt production, transportation and construction, and ensures the transparency and efficiency of quality management by accurately recording and tracking each batch of data.

[0196] See also Figure 6 ,S5: The integrated visual management and control platform includes real-time data collection and upload module, data integration and analysis storage module, stage optimization and report production module and visual interface display module;

[0197] S5-1: The data real-time collection and upload module is used to collect key data of production, transportation and construction through sensors, and upload it to the cloud in real time and associate it with the batch number;

[0198] During the asphalt production, transportation and construction process, high-precision sensors and positioning devices installed on each equipment will collect key data for each batch of production, including oil-stone ratio, temperature, production time and raw material ratio. Each data point will be uploaded to the system in real time and associated with the batch number. The collected data is uploaded to the cloud storage platform in real time through the industrial gateway to ensure that all production data can be securely stored and called at any time.

[0199] S5-2: Data integration and analysis storage module is used to systematically manage production, transportation and construction data, forming a complete traceability chain, integrating and analyzing data through the cloud to quickly locate the problem stage and cause;

[0200] The core of the asphalt production batch association model is to uniformly manage and associate the data of each link of production, transportation and construction to form a complete traceability chain. The system will classify and store the production data of each batch of asphalt to form a complete production record. Managers can access this data at any time through the cloud platform. The cloud platform integrates the data of the three stages of production, transportation and construction through batch numbers, and can summarize and analyze the data of all batches to help managers quickly locate the stage and cause of the problem.

[0201] S5-3: Phase Optimization and Report Production module includes the use of big data analysis technology to optimize the construction process and generate traceability reports for quality control, project acceptance and future construction improvements;

[0202] After the construction is completed, the system uses big data analysis technology to summarize and analyze the data of all batches, including detailed data on the production, transportation, and construction of each batch of asphalt, to help managers optimize the production and construction processes. At the same time, it generates traceability reports for quality control, project acceptance, and problem analysis, providing data support for future production and construction.

[0203] S5-4: The visual interface display module is used to display data in real time through dashboards and 3D models, so that it can intuitively present the construction status and support data query, report generation and intelligent early warning;

[0204] The visualization interface is the core part of the interaction between users and the system. Through the visualization interface, users can intuitively view the real-time data of asphalt production, transportation, and construction, and perform data analysis, query, and report generation. The platform provides users with customized dashboards that display key data such as production volume, oil-stone ratio, transportation vehicle location, temperature, and number of rolling passes. The dashboard displays real-time data through graphical elements (such as line graphs, bar graphs, progress bars, etc.) to help users quickly understand the system status. During the construction phase, the system can also use 3D models to display the real-time situation of the construction site, including the working status of the paver and roller, paving thickness, rolling quality, etc., to provide a more intuitive construction monitoring experience, and can provide intelligent early warnings on site to prevent construction accidents.

[0205] The integrated visual management and control platform integrates the real-time data of asphalt from production, transportation to construction, and automatically generates reports and graphics for display to users through a visual interface. It has the functions of data storage, intelligent analysis, and abnormal alarm, which can help managers monitor, analyze and optimize decision-making steps in the entire production and construction process, thereby improving construction quality and safety.

[0206] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a connection between the two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0207] It should be noted that, in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0208] The above are only specific embodiments of the present application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather will be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins, characterized in that: It includes: A data acquisition monitoring module, a traceable asphalt production batch association model, and an integrated visual management and control platform, wherein the data acquisition monitoring module and the traceable asphalt production batch association model are both electrically connected to the integrated visual management and control platform; The data acquisition and monitoring module is used to collect, monitor and analyze the data of various indicators in the whole process of asphalt production, transportation and construction in real time; The traceable asphalt production batch association model is used to store and manage the data collected by the data acquisition and monitoring module using the cloud; The integrated visual management and control platform is used to integrate the real-time data of asphalt from production, transportation to construction, and upload all data to the cloud through the Internet of Things technology for visual display.

2. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and monitoring module includes an asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module, a transportation intelligent monitoring module, and a paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module; The asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module is used to collect various data of the asphalt mixing station in real time and upload and store them in real time; The transport intelligent monitoring module is used to automatically associate the vehicle's loading information with the transport vehicle, and to upload and store data on the temperature of the asphalt during transportation and the vehicle's location, speed, and transportation route in real time; The paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module is used to collect relevant parameters during the asphalt construction process, and upload and store the collected data in real time.

3. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The asphalt mixing station intelligent monitoring module includes a preliminary preparation module, a production process data monitoring module and a post-processing module; The preliminary preparation module includes installing corresponding sensors on relevant instruments in the production process to facilitate the detection of raw materials, and then generating a feed inspection report and a quality improvement report after the raw materials pass relevant inspections, and returning the raw materials that do not meet the requirements to the supplier for processing, and determining the raw material mix ratio and dosage according to the asphalt properties required for construction; The production process data monitoring module includes oil-stone ratio monitoring, mixture temperature monitoring and material gradation monitoring. The oil-stone ratio monitoring is used to collect and upload the quality data of oil and stone in the production process in real time. The mixture temperature monitoring is used to collect and upload the temperature data of asphalt in various stages of asphalt mixing plant equipment, transportation vehicles and paving and rolling machines in real time. The material gradation monitoring includes real-time detection of aggregates of different particle sizes through a gradation analyzer, and classification of aggregates of different sizes through sensors. The data is calculated through a cumulative distribution function to ensure that the particle size distribution of the mixture is reasonable. The cumulative distribution function is expressed as: Where P(x) is the cumulative percentage of particles with a diameter less than x, H(xx i ) is the Heaviside step function, indicating whether the particle size is smaller than x; N is the total number of sampled particles; λ controls the coefficient of exponential decay, indicating the gradual dilution of large particles; The post-processing module is used to count the total amount of asphalt mixture production after the asphalt mixture production is completed, and to number them in sequence according to the asphalt production batches.

4. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The dynamic change of asphalt temperature in the mixture temperature monitoring follows the following heat conduction equation: Where T(x,t) represents the temperature at position x and time t; k is the thermal conductivity, which reflects the heat transfer effect of the material during the mixing process; is the spatial Laplace operator of temperature, which describes the temperature diffusion at different positions; Q(x,t) is the heat source term, which describes the heat generated by friction or chemical reaction during stirring.

5. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The transport intelligent monitoring module includes: First, the asphalt mixture is transferred and recorded in sequence according to the asphalt production number and the vehicle number, so that the vehicle loading information is automatically associated with the transport vehicle; During the transportation process, the temperature of the asphalt mixture is monitored in real time through sensors, and the location and speed of the transport vehicle are monitored in real time through GPS positioning; The collected data will then be uploaded via 5G transmission technology, and organized and analyzed according to the asphalt production batch and loading vehicle number. The vehicle transportation parameters will be adjusted in real time according to the fluctuations of the collected data, and the adjusted parameters will be stored.

6. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The paving and rolling intelligent monitoring module includes a paving subsystem, a rolling subsystem and a construction main control center; The paving subsystem is used to monitor and control the paving temperature, speed, thickness and flatness in real time; The rolling subsystem is used to perform real-time monitoring and data collection during the initial rolling, re-rolling and final rolling stages of asphalt rolling; The construction main control center is used to control the construction machines and various measuring instruments to work together, collect various data during the construction process, organize and analyze them according to the asphalt batch number, take some samples for quality inspection, and make immediate adjustments to the paving and rolling process based on the analysis and inspection results.

7. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The rolling subsystem includes rolling pressure control, coordinated control of rolling speed and pressure, and monitoring of the number of rolling passes.

8. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The coordinated control of the rolling speed and pressure uses a feedback control algorithm to perform closed-loop control through real-time data of speed and pressure.

9. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The traceable asphalt production batch association model includes the asphalt mixing plant production process traceability, asphalt intelligent transportation process traceability and asphalt paving and rolling process traceability; The asphalt mixing plant production process traceability is used to monitor the temperature and asphalt-to-stone ratio key parameters in the asphalt production process in real time, generate a unique batch number and associate relevant data, and provide a basis for quality traceability; The asphalt intelligent transportation process traceability is used to associate transportation vehicles with production batches and monitor temperature and vehicle speed in real time; The asphalt paving and rolling process traceability is used to monitor the temperature, thickness and rolling parameters during the construction process, and is associated with batch data to achieve full traceability.

10. A traceable road construction management and control system based on digital twins as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The integrated visual management and control platform includes a real-time data collection and upload module, a data integration and analysis storage module, a stage optimization and report production module, and a visual interface display module; The real-time data collection and upload module is used to collect key data of production, transportation and construction through sensors, and upload it to the cloud in real time and associate it with the batch number; The data integration and analysis storage module is used to systematically manage production, transportation and construction data, form a complete traceability chain, and quickly locate the problem stage and cause through cloud-based data integration and analysis; The phase optimization and report production module includes using big data analysis technology to optimize the construction process and generate traceability reports for quality control, project acceptance and future construction improvements; The visualization interface display module is used to display data in real time through a dashboard and a 3D model, so that it can intuitively present the construction status and support data query, report generation and intelligent early warning.

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