Vertical shaft smoke exhaust system

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaft smoke exhaust system, which belongs to the technical field of fire safety and comprises a plurality of sleeve-type shafts arranged on a tunnel ceiling at equal intervals, smoke detectors are respectively arranged on two sides of each sleeve-type shaft, the smoke detectors are positioned in the tunnel ceiling, and driving parts are symmetrically in transmission connection with two sides of each sleeve-type shaft. The driving part is located in the tunnel ceiling, and a top expanding area is arranged at the top of the sleeve type vertical shaft. The smoke detector can monitor the smoke concentration of all positions in the tunnel in real time, once the smoke concentration of a certain area reaches a preset critical value, the smoke detector can immediately trigger a signal, and the height of the sleeve type vertical shaft at the corresponding position is adjusted through the driving piece so as to achieve the optimal smoke exhaust effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fire safety, and particularly relates to a shaft smoke exhaust system. Background Art

[0002] As the global economy enters a stage of rapid development and the urbanization process accelerates, the wave of infrastructure construction in China is irresistible. To meet the growing transportation needs, highway tunnels, subway tunnels, and railway tunnels are being continuously built, which are also powerful witnesses of the country's economic development. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of tunnel construction, while greatly improving the transportation efficiency and convenience, the incidence of tunnel fire accidents is rapidly rising with the sharp increase in the number of tunnels. And urban shallow-buried tunnels, as a type of tunnel to relieve ground traffic congestion and improve urban operation efficiency, once a fire occurs, the consequences are often unimaginable. It not only seriously threatens the lives of people in the tunnel, may lead to tragedies such as asphyxiation, severe burns, poisoning by toxic gases and even death, but also causes devastating damage to the tunnel structure and internal facilities.

[0003] In real urban construction, in order to respond to sudden fire accidents in urban shallow-buried tunnels and ensure the safety of personnel and the integrity of the tunnel structure, generally, shafts are set as a rapid smoke exhaust strategy. However, the height of the shafts is fixed, making it difficult to flexibly respond to fire scenarios of different scales and different development states, resulting in limitations in the smoke exhaust effect. In order to achieve better smoke exhaust effects for sudden different fire accident sizes at a certain position in the tunnel, a shaft smoke exhaust system for urban shallow-buried tunnels based on an adjustable-height sleeve-type shaft is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaft smoke exhaust system to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a shaft smoke exhaust system, including a plurality of sleeve-type shafts arranged at equal intervals on the tunnel ceiling. Smoke detectors are respectively arranged on both sides of the sleeve-type shaft, and the smoke detectors are located inside the tunnel ceiling. Driving members are symmetrically and drivably connected to both sides of the sleeve-type shaft, and the driving members are located inside the tunnel ceiling. A top expansion area is provided at the top of the sleeve-type shaft.

[0006] Preferably, telescopic rods are respectively installed at the four corners outside the sleeve-type shaft, and the telescopic rods are respectively drivably connected to the driving members. The tops of the telescopic rods are respectively fixedly connected to the top expansion area.

[0007] Preferably, the driving member is a motor, the motor is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel ceiling, and the motor is drivably connected to the telescopic rod.

[0008] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: The smoke detector can monitor the smoke concentration at various locations in the tunnel in real time. Once the smoke concentration in a certain area reaches a preset critical value, the smoke detector will immediately trigger a signal and adjust the height of the sleeve-type shaft at the corresponding position through a driving member to achieve the optimal smoke exhaust effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] The drawings forming a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation to this application. In the drawings:

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve-type shaft of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel ceiling of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the height change of three sleeve-type shafts of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the height change of two sleeve-type shafts of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 5 is a top view of the tunnel ceiling of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1, sleeve-type shaft; 2, tunnel ceiling; 3, telescopic rod; 4, top expansion area; 5, smoke detector; 6, motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0017] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0018] Referring to Figures 1 - 5 as shown, this embodiment provides a shaft smoke exhaust system, which includes a plurality of sleeve-type shafts 1 arranged at equal intervals on the tunnel ceiling 2. Smoke detectors 5 are respectively arranged on both sides of the sleeve-type shaft 1. The smoke detectors 5 are located inside the tunnel ceiling 2. Driving members are symmetrically and transmission-connected to both sides of the sleeve-type shaft 1. The driving members are located inside the tunnel ceiling 2. A top expansion area 4 is provided at the top of the sleeve-type shaft 1.

[0019] The smoke detector 5 can monitor the smoke concentration in various places in the tunnel in real time. Once the smoke concentration in a certain area reaches a preset critical value, the smoke detector 5 will immediately trigger a signal and adjust the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 at the corresponding position through the driving member to achieve the best smoke exhaust effect.

[0020] In areas where the smoke concentration has not reached the critical value, the system will not trigger the control mechanism, and the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 in this area will not change. At this time, the natural flow of outside air may have the effect of backflowing outside air into the tunnel, thereby accelerating the smoke exhaust process of the sleeve-type shaft 1 in the smoke exhaust area. The backflow phenomenon mainly depends on the pressure difference, wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological conditions inside and outside the tunnel and the structural characteristics of the tunnel. When the outside wind speed is high, the wind direction is appropriate, and the air pressure inside the tunnel is lower than that outside, the outside air may enter the tunnel through the tunnel entrance or other openings, forming a backflow phenomenon. When the fire source is located below a sleeve-type shaft 1, the three sleeve-type shafts 1 near the fire source will change in height, while other sleeve-type shafts 1 far away from the fire source will not change in height. Figure 3 Schematic diagram of height changes of three telescopic shafts 1; when the fire source is located between two telescopic shafts 1, the height of two or four telescopic shafts 1 near the fire source will change, while the height of the telescopic shaft 1 far away from the fire source will not change. Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the height change of two sleeve-type shafts 1. Such a setting can not only effectively reduce casualties and resource losses caused by fire, but also greatly improve the automation level of tunnel smoke exhaust.

[0021] To further optimize the solution, telescopic rods 3 are respectively installed at the four corners outside the sleeve-type vertical shaft 1, the telescopic rods 3 are respectively connected to the driving members by transmission, and the tops of the telescopic rods 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the top expansion area 4.

[0022] According to a further optimized solution, the driving member is an electric motor 6 , which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel ceiling 2 , and is transmission-connected to the telescopic rod 3 .

[0023] The arc edge of the innermost sleeve-type shaft 1 is welded to the top expansion area 4. The sleeve-type shaft 1 can drive the height change of the top expansion area 4 through the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod 3 to achieve flexible lifting and lowering. The effective height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 is automatically adjusted according to different degrees of fire conditions.

[0024] Specifically, when the fire is small and the smoke concentration is low, the sleeve-type shaft 1 can maintain a lower position to reduce air convection and prevent the fire from intensifying due to oxygen supply; when the fire is large and the smoke concentration is high, the sleeve-type shaft 1 can be lifted to a higher position to accelerate the smoke discharge and effectively contain the spread of the fire; when the smoke concentration in the area where the fire occurs does not reach the critical value of the smoke detector 5, the system will not trigger the regulation mechanism, and the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 in this area will not change. At this time, outside air may flow back, thus accelerating the smoke exhaust process of the shaft in the smoke exhaust area. This system can provide a scientific basis for the adjustment of the smoke exhaust strategy to ensure the maximization of the smoke exhaust effect.

[0025] The shaft smoke exhaust system is installed on the ceiling of the urban shallow-buried tunnel. The sleeve-type shaft 1 is at the preset initial height position. The four telescopic rods 3 are respectively located at the four corners of the tunnel ceiling 2 and are in the non-elongated state. The tops of the four telescopic rods 3 are welded to the top expansion area 4, and the top expansion area 4 is welded to the innermost layer of the sleeve-type shaft 1. When the fire smoke in the tunnel reaches a certain concentration and the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 needs to be adjusted, first start the motor 6 control system, and drive the telescopic rods 3 to elongate through the transmission mechanism (not shown in the figure). As the telescopic rods 3 elongate, the top expansion area 4 at their tops drives the innermost layer of the sleeve-type shaft 1 welded thereto to start sliding outwards. Since the sleeve-type shaft 1 is designed as a multi-layer telescopic structure, the sliding of the innermost layer will sequentially trigger the corresponding sliding of the middle layer and the outermost layer, forming a step-by-step unfolding effect. The sleeve-type shaft 1 and the telescopic rods 3 in the figure are shown as three-layer schematic diagrams for example. When the telescopic rods 3 elongate to the required length, the sleeve-type shaft 1 also extends to the new height position accordingly. When the control system stops driving the telescopic rods 3, the whole system remains at the current height state until the next adjustment requirement. If it is necessary to lower the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1, the control system will drive the telescopic rods 3 to shorten, driving the top expansion area 4 to lower the height, and thus the sleeve-type shaft 1 will contract layer by layer inwards.

[0026] When different specifications of fires occur in the tunnel, through the multi-layer telescopic sleeve structure and combined with the telescopic rod 3 devices on both sides, this system can accurately and smoothly adjust the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 to achieve better smoke exhaust effects under different working conditions. In the area where the smoke concentration in the tunnel does not reach the critical value during a fire, the system will not trigger the regulation mechanism, and the height of the sleeve-type shaft 1 in this area will not change. At this time, outside air may have a backflow effect, thus accelerating the smoke exhaust process of the shaft in the smoke exhaust area. When the fire source is in the middle of two sleeve-type shafts 1, the height of two or four sleeve-type shafts 1 near the fire source will change, while the sleeve-type shafts 1 far from the fire source will not change in height; when the fire source is below a certain sleeve-type shaft 1, the height of three sleeve-type shafts 1 near the fire source will change, while the other sleeve-type shafts 1 far from the fire source will not change in height.

[0027] The telescopic rod 3 is welded to the top expansion area 4, and the welding of the top expansion area 4 to the sleeve-type shaft 1 ensures the continuity and stability of force transmission, enabling the force during operation to be converted into the telescopic movement of the sleeve-type shaft 1. Through the design of multiple-layer nesting, the structure of the sleeve-type shaft 1 realizes multi-level adjustment of height, meeting the more refined height adjustment requirements.

[0028] As the core driver, the telescopic rod 3 effectively drives the telescopic movement of the sleeve-type shaft 1 by precisely controlling its up and down movement. This process is not only easy to operate but also greatly reduces the complexity and time cost of manual intervention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0030] The embodiments described above are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical shaft smoke exhaust system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of sleeve-type shafts (1) arranged at equal intervals on a tunnel ceiling (2), smoke detectors (5) being respectively arranged on both sides of the sleeve-type shaft (1), the smoke detectors (5) being located in the tunnel ceiling (2), driving members being symmetrically connected to each other on both sides of the sleeve-type shaft (1), the driving members being located in the tunnel ceiling (2), and a top expansion area (4) being arranged at the top of the sleeve-type shaft (1).

2. The vertical shaft smoke exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Telescopic rods (3) are respectively installed at the four corners outside the sleeve-type vertical shaft (1), the telescopic rods (3) are respectively transmission-connected to the driving members, and the tops of the telescopic rods (3) are respectively fixedly connected to the top expansion areas (4).

3. The vertical shaft smoke exhaust system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving member is an electric motor (6), the electric motor (6) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tunnel ceiling (2), and the electric motor (6) is transmission-connected to the telescopic rod (3).

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