Antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna and communication equipment, relates to the technical field of communication, and aims to solve the problem of poor working performance of the antenna. The antenna provided by the invention comprises a waveguide cavity extending along a first direction, a conductive wall of the waveguide cavity comprises a plurality of slot pairs arranged along the first direction, vertical projections of two slots in each slot pair in a second direction are overlapped, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction and is parallel to a first conductive wall; each gap comprises a conductive substrate and an adjustable element, in each gap, one end of the adjustable element is connected with the conductive substrate, and the other end of the adjustable element is connected with the edge of the gap. According to the antenna provided by the invention, the vertical projection of the first slot and the vertical projection of the second slot in the slot pair in the second direction coincide, so that more slots can be arranged along the first direction, the beam scanning capability of the antenna can be improved, and the occurrence of grating lobes can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an antenna and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] There are various types of antennas, and different types of antennas have different characteristics and advantages. The waveguide slot antenna is widely used in various types of communication devices due to its advantages such as small size, light weight, and high aperture efficiency. In the currently used waveguide slot antennas, there are still many deficiencies in parameters such as the arrangement position of the slots, which is not conducive to improving the performance of the waveguide slot antenna. For example, the spacing between adjacent slots is usually half of the wavelength, and this wavelength refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity. For an antenna with such an arrangement method, grating lobes are likely to appear during beam scanning, which is not conducive to ensuring the performance of the antenna. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna, which includes a waveguide cavity extending along a first direction. The outer surface of the waveguide cavity includes a first conductive wall, a second conductive wall, a first side wall, and a second side wall. The first conductive wall includes a plurality of pairs of slots arranged along the first direction, and the vertical projections of the two slots in each pair of slots overlap in a second direction. Among them, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and both are parallel to the first conductive wall. The second conductive wall is disposed opposite to the first conductive wall, the first side wall is connected between the first conductive wall and the second conductive wall, the second side wall is connected between the first conductive wall and the second conductive wall, and each slot is located between the first side wall and the second side wall. Each slot includes a conductive substrate and an adjustable element. In each slot, one end of the adjustable element is connected to the conductive substrate, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot. That is, each slot communicates with the waveguide cavity, so that the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity can radiate outward through the slot. The adjustable element can effectively control the electrical connection strength between the conductive substrate and the first conductive wall to control the energy intensity radiated by the slot. In the antenna provided in this application, since the vertical projections of the first slot and the second slot in the pair of slots coincide in the second direction, more slots can be arranged along the first direction, which is beneficial to improving the beam scanning ability of the antenna and can also reduce the occurrence of grating lobes. In addition, in each pair of slots, the energy intensities radiated by the first slot and the second slot can be respectively adjusted, so it has good flexibility in use.

[0004] In an example, the two slots in each pair of slots are symmetric about a middle plane, and the first side wall and the second side wall are symmetric about the middle plane. Among them, the middle plane is perpendicular to the first conductive wall and parallel to the first direction. The working stability of the antenna can be ensured and the adjustment difficulty can be reduced through the symmetric structural form.

[0005] In one example, each slit has a bent region or segment, and the length of each slit along the first direction is less than 1 / 2λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity. This is beneficial to minimizing the distances between adjacent slits in the first direction and the second direction while ensuring the slit length, thus facilitating the arrangement of a larger number of slits.

[0006] In one example, each slit further includes a capacitor. In each slit, one end of the capacitor is connected to the conductive substrate inside the slit, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slit. And / or, in each slit, a partial edge of the conductive substrate has a first protrusion extending towards the edge of the slit, and a partial edge of the slit has a second protrusion extending towards the conductive substrate, and the first protrusion and the second protrusion are capacitively coupled. By providing the capacitor or the capacitively coupled first and second protrusions, the capacitance between the conductive substrate and the first conductive wall can be increased, and electromagnetic waves can be prevented from radiating outwards through the gap between the conductive wall and the first conductive protrusion, thus facilitating the guarantee of the antenna performance.

[0007] In one example, each pair of slits includes a first slit and a second slit. The first slit is located on one side of the first sidewall, and the second slit is located on one side of the second sidewall. Among them, the first slit extends to the first sidewall, and the second slit extends to the second sidewall. The vertical projection of the conductive substrate in the first slit on the first sidewall overlaps with the first sidewall, and the vertical projection of the conductive substrate in the second slit on the second sidewall overlaps with the second sidewall. This is beneficial to the reasonable arrangement of the routing of the conductive line to avoid the conductive line extending into the waveguide cavity and deteriorating the working performance of the waveguide cavity.

[0008] During the specific arrangement, the antenna further includes a DC bias circuit. The DC bias circuit is located in the first sidewall and the second sidewall, and one end of the DC bias circuit is connected to each conductive substrate, and the other end extends to the side of the second conductive wall away from the first conductive wall. The DC bias circuit being located in the first sidewall and the second sidewall can effectively avoid extending into the waveguide cavity and deteriorating the working performance of the waveguide cavity. In addition, the DC bias circuit is integrated with the first sidewall and the second sidewall, which can avoid occupying extra space and is beneficial to reducing the board area of the antenna.

[0009] In one example, the antenna further includes a first dielectric substrate, and the first dielectric substrate includes a first plate surface and a second plate surface that are arranged oppositely. The first conductive wall is arranged on the first plate surface, and the second conductive wall is arranged on the second plate surface. The first dielectric substrate includes a plurality of first metal vias arranged at intervals along the first direction and a plurality of second metal vias arranged at intervals along the first direction. The plurality of first metal vias constitute a first side wall, and the plurality of second metal vias constitute a second side wall. The DC bias circuit includes a plurality of first circuits and a plurality of second circuits, and the conductive substrate includes a first conductive substrate arranged in the first gap and a second conductive substrate arranged in the second gap; the plurality of first circuits correspond to the plurality of first conductive substrates one-to-one, and the plurality of second circuits correspond to the plurality of second conductive substrates one-to-one. The plurality of first circuits are respectively located between two adjacent first metal vias, and the plurality of second circuits are respectively located between two adjacent second metal vias. In summary, the DC bias circuit, the first side wall, and the second side wall are all formed by the structure of the conductive via, which is conducive to the effective reuse of the metal vias, can reduce the difficulty of production and simplify the preparation process.

[0010] In one example, the first circuit and the second circuit are metal vias arranged in the first dielectric substrate, and both the first circuit and the second circuit pass through the second conductive wall, and there is a gap between the first circuit and the second conductive wall, and there is a gap between the second circuit and the second conductive wall to avoid adverse conditions such as short circuits between the first circuit and the second circuit and the second conductive wall.

[0011] In one example, the antenna further includes a control circuit and a second dielectric substrate. The second dielectric substrate is located on a side of the second conductive wall away from the first conductive wall, and the DC bias circuit also extends to a side of the second matrix substrate away from the second conductive wall. The control circuit is located on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the second conductive wall and is connected to the DC bias circuit. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are stacked to avoid increasing the area of ​​the antenna, and can also provide sufficient placement locations for components such as the control circuit.

[0012] In one example, the antenna includes multiple waveguide cavities, and the multiple waveguide cavities are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first side wall. Two adjacent waveguide cavities include a common first side wall or a second side wall to effectively reduce the size of the antenna in the direction perpendicular to the first side wall, which is beneficial to improving the performance of the antenna.

[0013] In one example, in two adjacent waveguide cavities, the slot pairs are staggered to avoid position interference between the slots in the two adjacent waveguide cavities.

[0014] In one example, the antenna further includes a feeding cavity, the feeding cavity includes an input port and a plurality of output ports, and the plurality of output ports are respectively connected to the first ends of a plurality of waveguide cavities. Among them, the transmission distances between at least two output ports and the input port are different, which can achieve non-uniform phase feeding and effectively reduce the occurrence of grating lobes.

[0015] In one example, the waveguide cavity further includes a matching and absorbing structure, the matching and absorbing structure is arranged at the second end of the waveguide cavity and is connected to the first conductive wall. The first end and the second end are respectively the two ends of the waveguide cavity in the first direction, and the matching and absorbing structure is used to absorb the electromagnetic waves at the second end. The remaining electromagnetic waves in the waveguide cavity can be consumed and absorbed by the matching and absorbing structure to avoid or reduce the occurrence of adverse conditions such as echo reflection.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a communication device, including a radio frequency circuit and the above-mentioned antenna. The radio frequency circuit is coupled to the waveguide cavity and is used to provide electromagnetic waves into the waveguide cavity to achieve the transmission function of wireless signals. By applying the above-mentioned antenna, the beam scanning ability of the communication device can be effectively improved, and the occurrence of grating lobes can also be reduced, and it has good signal transceiver performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a conventional waveguide slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a partial planar structure schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a beam scanning simulation diagram of a conventional waveguide slot antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a planar structure schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a planar structure schematic diagram of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9 is Figure 8 side view of;

[0026] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 11 is Figure 10 side view;

[0028] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the partial planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of a radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 21 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 23 Schematic diagram of another radiation slot of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the partial planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 25 Schematic diagram of the partial planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 26 Schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 27 Schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of another antenna from another perspective provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 28 is Figure 27 Schematic diagram of the sectional structure in the A-A direction in

[0045] Figure 29 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 31 Schematic diagram of the partial planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 32 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a feeding structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 34 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another feeding structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 35 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another feeding structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 36 Schematic diagram of the planar structure of another feeding structure provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 37 Schematic diagram of the partial three-dimensional structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 38 Schematic diagram of the simplified structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 39 Schematic diagram of the simplified structure of another antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application. Detailed implementation manners

[0056] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following will further describe this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0057] To facilitate the understanding of the antenna provided in the embodiments of this application, the following first introduces its application scenarios.

[0058] The antenna provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied in base stations or satellites. Alternatively, the antenna can also be applied in terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, vehicles, drones, radars, etc. The antenna can be used to achieve wireless signal transmission between different terminal devices, and can also achieve wireless signal transmission between a base station and a satellite. Or, it can also achieve wireless signal transmission between a base station or a satellite and a terminal device. Generally speaking, the antenna provided in the embodiments of this application can be applied in various communication devices with wireless signal transmission requirements.

[0059] For example, as Figure 1As shown, the application scenario may include a base station and a terminal device. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal device. The base station may be located in a base bastion subsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRAN), and is used for cell coverage of wireless signals to achieve communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station may be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communication (GSM) or a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, may also be a Node B (NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, may also be an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, may also be a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Or the base station may also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, and a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] In practical applications, there are many types of antennas, and different types of antennas also have different characteristics and advantages. Waveguide slot antennas are widely used in various types of communication devices due to their advantages such as small size, light weight, and high aperture efficiency.

[0061] For example, as Figure 2As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present application provides a waveguide slot antenna 01. The waveguide slot antenna 01 includes a rectangular conductive wall 011, and a waveguide cavity 010 for electromagnetic wave propagation is formed inside the rectangular conductive wall 011. In addition, the surface 0111 of the conductive wall 011 further includes a plurality of slots 012. When the electromagnetic wave propagates in the waveguide cavity 010, it can radiate outward through the slots 012, thereby realizing the wireless signal transmission function. However, in the current waveguide slot antenna 01, there are still many deficiencies in parameters such as the arrangement position of the slots 012, which is not conducive to improving the performance of the waveguide slot antenna 01.

[0062] Therefore, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna with better functional performance.

[0063] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] As Figure 3 shown, in an example provided by the present application, the antenna 10 includes a waveguide cavity 100 for electromagnetic wave propagation. The waveguide cavity 100 extends along a first direction, and the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide cavity 100 can propagate in a direction parallel to the first direction. The outer surface of the waveguide cavity 100 includes a first conductive wall 11, a second conductive wall 12, a first side wall 13 and a second side wall 14. The second conductive wall 12 is disposed opposite to the first conductive wall 11, and the first side wall 13 is disposed opposite to the second side wall 14. The first side wall 13 is connected between the first conductive wall 11 and the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 is connected between the first conductive wall 11 and the second conductive wall 12. Among them, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first side wall 13 and the second side wall 14 are all conductive structures to jointly enclose the waveguide cavity 100 for conducting electromagnetic waves. The first conductive wall 11 includes a plurality of slot pairs arranged along the first direction ( Figure 3 six are shown in the figure), each slot pair includes two slots, and each slot is located between the first side wall 13 and the second side wall 14, that is, each slot communicates with the waveguide cavity 100, so that the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 can radiate outward through the slot. The vertical projections of the two slots in each slot pair in the second direction basically coincide. Among them, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and both are parallel to the first conductive wall 11.

[0065] For the convenience of distinguishing and describing, in the following examples, the two slits in the slit pair are respectively described as the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b. That is, each slit pair includes the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b. A plurality of first slits 110a are arranged in sequence along the first direction, and a plurality of second slits 110b are arranged in sequence along the first direction. In each slit pair, the vertical projections of the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b in the second direction basically coincide.

[0066] In addition, as Figure 4 shown, in the antenna 10 provided in the present application, there are also functions such as beam scanning. Specifically, each slit 110 includes a conductive substrate 15 and an adjustable element 16. In each slit 110, one end of the adjustable element 16 is connected to the conductive substrate 15, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slit 110.

[0067] For example, as Figure 4 shown, taking one of the slits 110 as an example, this slit 110 includes a conductive substrate 15 and an adjustable element 16. One end of the adjustable element 16 is connected to the conductive substrate 15, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slit 110. The adjustable element 16 can effectively control the electrical connection strength between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11 to control the energy intensity radiated by the slit 110. Since the first conductive wall 11 includes a plurality of slits 110, therefore, by adjusting the energy intensity radiated by each slit 110, the radiation gain direction of the antenna 10 can be changed, so as to realize functions such as beam scanning. Among them, the adjustable element 16 controlling the energy intensity radiated by the slit 110 specifically includes controlling the energy intensity radiated by the slit 110 to be zero, or controlling the energy intensity radiated by the slit 110 to be the maximum. Or controlling the energy intensity radiated by the slit 110 to be any intensity between zero and the maximum. In practical applications, there can be many types of the adjustable element 16.

[0068] For example, the adjustable element 16 can specifically be a diode, a field effect transistor, an adjustable resistor, or an adjustable capacitor, etc., which can realize the connection and disconnection between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11. Or various components that can realize the adjustment ability of the conductive strength between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11. In specific implementation, the adjustable element 16 can select the currently more commonly used types, and the present application does not limit the specific type of the adjustable element 16.

[0069] In the examples provided in this application, since the vertical projections of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in the gap pair coincide in the second direction, more slots can be arranged along the first direction, which is beneficial to improving the beam scanning ability of the antenna 10 and can also reduce the occurrence of grating lobes. In addition, in each gap pair, the energy intensities of the radiation of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b can be separately regulated, which can avoid the occurrence of the open stopband effect and is beneficial to ensuring the gain intensity when the beam is scanned to the normal direction.

[0070] Or it can be understood that the more slots there are in the antenna 10, the stronger the beam scanning ability of the antenna 10. When regulating the radiation direction of the antenna 10, it is easier to achieve better beam directivity and gain intensity, and at the same time, the occurrence of grating lobes can also be reduced.

[0071] In addition, please combine Figure 2 and Figure 5 , it should be noted that in the commonly used waveguide slot antenna 01 at present, when the slots 012 are arranged in a fixed period, the electromagnetic wave is prone to the open stopband effect during the propagation in the waveguide cavity 010, which causes a significant attenuation of the beam gain when the beam of the waveguide slot antenna 01 is scanned to the normal direction, so the radiation performance of the waveguide slot antenna 01 will be reduced.

[0072] As Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 the abscissa in Figure 5 represents the scanning range, and the ordinate represents the beam gain. It can be clearly seen from

[0073] that when the beam of the antenna 01 is scanned to the normal direction (around 0°), the beam gain is significantly attenuated.

[0074] When specifically setting, the specific structural type of the waveguide cavity 100 can be diverse.

[0075] For example, as Figure 3As shown, in an example provided by the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 is composed of a metal sheet metal part. Among them, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first side wall 13, and the second side wall 14 are all metal plates. The first conductive wall 11, the first side wall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 are sequentially connected to form a cavity extending in the first direction, and this cavity constitutes the waveguide cavity 100. When specifically setting, the specific materials of the first conductive wall 11, the first side wall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 can be materials with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. In actual applications, the specific materials of the first conductive wall 11, the first side wall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second side wall 14 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0076] Or, as Figure 6 shown, in another example provided by the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 is based on the structural form of a substrate integrated waveguide. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17, and the first dielectric substrate 17 includes a first plate surface (such as Figure 6 the upper plate surface in Figure 6 ) and a second plate surface (such as

[0077] the lower plate surface in Figure 7 ). The first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer provided on the first plate surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a conductive layer provided on the second plate surface.

[0078] Or, as Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, in another example provided by the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be in the form of a slow substrate integrated waveguide. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17. The first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer disposed on the first board surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a conductive layer disposed on the second board surface. A plurality of first metal vias 171 form the first sidewall 13, and a plurality of second metal vias 172 form the second sidewall 14. That is, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the plurality of first metal vias 171, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 together form the waveguide cavity 100. Additionally, blind vias 173 are provided in the first dielectric substrate 17, and the inner walls of the blind vias 173 have conductive layers, thereby forming a slow-wave structure.

[0079] Or, as Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, in another example provided by the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be in the form of a ridged substrate integrated waveguide. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17. The first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer disposed on the first board surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a conductive layer disposed on the second board surface. A plurality of first metal vias 171 form the first sidewall 13, and a plurality of second metal vias 172 form the second sidewall 14. That is, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the plurality of first metal vias 171, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 together form the waveguide cavity 100. Additionally, blind vias 173 are provided in the first dielectric substrate 17, and the inner walls of the blind vias have conductive layers. Additionally, one end of the blind via also has a conductive sheet 174, thereby forming a ridge structure.

[0080] Or, as Figure 12 As shown, in another example provided by the present application, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be jointly constituted by a dielectric substrate and a metal sheet metal part. Specifically, the antenna 10 includes a first dielectric substrate 17, and the first dielectric substrate 17 includes a first board surface (such as Figure 12 the upper board surface in Figure 12(lower plate surface in). The first conductive wall 11 is a conductive layer provided on the first plate surface, and the second conductive wall 12 is a plate body with a groove provided on the second plate surface. In addition, the first dielectric substrate 17 includes a plurality of first metal vias 171 arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the waveguide cavity 100 and a plurality of second metal vias 172 arranged at intervals along the extending direction of the waveguide cavity 100. The plurality of first metal vias 171 form the first sidewall, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 form the second sidewall. That is, the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the plurality of first metal vias 171, and the plurality of second metal vias 172 together form the waveguide cavity 100. When specifically setting, the conductive materials in the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first metal vias 171, and the second metal vias 172 can be materials with good conductivity such as copper or aluminum. In actual applications, the conductive materials in the first conductive wall 11, the second conductive wall 12, the first metal vias 171, and the second metal vias 172 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0081] It should be noted that in actual applications, the specific structural forms and types of the first conductive wall 11, the first sidewall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second sidewall 14 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs. Among them, it is only necessary that the first conductive wall 11, the first sidewall 13, the second conductive wall 12, and the second sidewall 14 can jointly form a waveguide cavity 100 for electromagnetic wave propagation.

[0082] When specifically setting, the position layout of each slit 110 can be diverse.

[0083] For the convenience of understanding the technical solution of the present application, in the following examples, Figure 6 the waveguide cavity 100 shown in will be taken as an example for illustrative description.

[0084] For example, as Figure 6 shown, in the example provided by the present application, six slit pairs are shown. Each slit pair includes a first slit 110a and a second slit 110b. The first slit 110a and the second slit 110b in each slit pair are symmetric about the middle plane C. Among them, the middle plane C is the central symmetry plane perpendicular to the first conductive wall 11 in the waveguide cavity 100, and this middle plane C is parallel to the first direction. That is, the first sidewall 13 and the second sidewall 14 are also symmetric about the middle plane C.

[0085] It should be noted that in Figure 6 the example provided, the fact that the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b in each slit pair are symmetric about the middle plane C means symmetry in shape and position.

[0086] Specifically, in Figure 6 andFigure 7 In the examples provided, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are both generally U-shaped. In terms of shape, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are symmetric about the middle plane C, and the U-shaped openings of the two slots 110 face each other. Additionally, in terms of position, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are also symmetric about the middle plane C, and the vertical projections of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b on the middle plane C basically coincide.

[0087] Alternatively, in some examples, the symmetry of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in each pair of slots about the middle plane C may only include symmetry in terms of shape.

[0088] For example, as Figure 13 shown, in another example provided in the present application, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are both generally U-shaped. In terms of shape, the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are symmetric about the middle plane C, and the U-shaped openings of the two slots 110 face each other. Additionally, in terms of position, there is a positional offset between the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in the first direction.

[0089] Or, as Figure 14 shown, in another example provided in the present application, in terms of position, there is a positional offset between the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in the second direction. The distance between the first slot 110a and the middle plane C may be greater than the distance between the second slot 110b and the middle plane C. Of course, in other examples, the distance between the first slot 110a and the middle plane C may be less than the distance between the second slot 110b and the middle plane C.

[0090] Generally speaking, in practical applications, it is only necessary that the vertical projections of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b in the pair of slots intersect in the second direction. Through this structural setting, the beam control ability of the antenna 10 can be effectively improved, and the generation of grating lobes can be reduced or avoided. Additionally, when the beam of the antenna 10 is scanned to the normal direction, it still has good beam gain.

[0091] In addition, in the examples provided in the present application, each slot is generally U-shaped, which is beneficial to reducing the distances between adjacent slots in the first direction and the second direction as much as possible while ensuring the slot length, thereby facilitating the arrangement of a larger number of slots.

[0092] As Figure 15As shown, it should be noted first that in the examples provided in this application, a conductive substrate 15 is provided in each gap 110, and a certain gap needs to be maintained between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11 to prevent short circuits. Therefore, each gap 110 can be considered to include a radiation gap 1101 and an isolation gap 1102. Among them, the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 is radiated outward through the radiation gap 1101, and the isolation gap 1102 mainly plays the role of insulating isolation between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11.

[0093] In practical applications, the shape of the radiation gap 1101 in the gap 110 can be diverse.

[0094] For example, as Figure 16 shown, in an example provided in this application, the radiation gap 1101 is a U-shaped with a right-angle bend.

[0095] Or, as Figure 17 shown, in another example provided in this application, the radiation gap 1101 is a U-shaped with a curved bend.

[0096] Or, as Figure 18 shown, in another example provided in this application, the radiation gap 1101 is a non-closed circular ring shape.

[0097] Or, as Figure 19 shown, in another example provided in this application, the radiation gap 1101 is a non-closed square ring shape.

[0098] Or, as Figure 20 shown, in another example provided in this application, the radiation gap 1101 is a roughly W shape.

[0099] Or, as Figure 21 shown, in another example provided in this application, the radiation gap 1101 is a roughly concave shape.

[0100] Or, as Figure 22 and Figure 23 shown, conductive pins 1103 coupled to the radiation gap 1101 can also be provided near the radiation gap 1101, etc.

[0101] Generally speaking, when setting the radiation gap 1101 in the gap 110, there can be various shape deformations, as long as the radiation gap 1101 has a bent area or section. So that along the first direction, the length of the radiation gap 1101 is less than 1 / 2λ. λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity 100.

[0102] When specifically setting, along the first direction, the length dimension of the radiation slot 1101 can specifically be 1 / 5λ, 1 / 4λ, 1 / 3λ, etc. In actual applications, the length dimension of the radiation slot 1101 in the first direction can be set according to the actual situation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0103] It should be noted that, in order to ensure the radiation performance of the radiation slot 1101, in actual applications, the length of the radiation slot 1101 should be about 1 / 2λ, so that the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 can be efficiently radiated outward from the radiation slot 1101. When the length of the radiation slot 1101 is too large or too small, the energy intensity radiated by the slot 110 will be reduced, and even situations such as failure may occur.

[0104] Or it can be understood that, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , in the current waveguide slot antenna 01, the overall length dimension of the slot 012 is about 1 / 2λ, and the slot 012 is linear. Therefore, in the first direction, the length dimension of the slot 012 is also about 1 / 2λ. In the example provided in this application, the overall length dimensions of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are both about 1 / 2λ. However, through the bent structure setting, in the first direction, the length dimensions of the first slot 110a and the second slot 110b are both significantly less than 1 / 2λ. For example, in the first slot 110a, the sum of the lengths of the segment of the first slot 110a extending along the first direction and the segment extending along the second direction is about 1 / 2λ. Therefore, in the first direction, the length dimension of the first slot 110a can be significantly less than 1 / 2λ, so that more first slots 110a can be arranged in the first direction.

[0105] In the example provided in this application, after bending the radiation slot 1101, the length dimension of the radiation slot 1101 in the first direction can be effectively reduced, which is beneficial to arranging more slots 110 in the first direction.

[0106] In addition, based on the above-mentioned fact that the slot 110 includes the radiation slot 1101 and the isolation slot 1102, the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity 100 is radiated outward through the radiation slot 1101. However, in actual applications, the electromagnetic wave may also be radiated outward through the isolation slot 1102.

[0107] For this reason, as Figure 24As shown, in an example provided by the present application, the antenna 10 further includes a capacitor 20. One end of the capacitor 20 is connected to the conductive substrate 15, and the other end is connected to the edge of the isolation gap 1102. By providing the capacitor 20, the capacitance between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11 at the isolation gap 1102 can be increased, thereby effectively preventing electromagnetic waves from radiating outwards through the isolation gap 1102, and effectively ensuring the performance of the antenna 10.

[0108] When specifically setting, in each isolation gap 1102, one capacitor 20 can be provided, or two or more capacitors 20 can be provided, which will not be elaborated here.

[0109] In addition, in other examples, the electromagnetic waves can also be prevented from radiating outwards through the isolation gap 1102 by providing a capacitive coupling structure.

[0110] For example, as Figure 25 shown, in another example provided by the present application, a first protrusion 151 extending towards the edge of the isolation gap 1102 is provided at a part of the edge of the conductive substrate 15, and a second protrusion 111 extending towards the conductive substrate 15 is provided at a part of the edge of the isolation gap 1102, and the first protrusion 151 and the second protrusion 111 are capacitively coupled. In the region of the isolation gap 1102, through the capacitive coupling between the first protrusion 151 and the second protrusion 111, the capacitance between the conductive substrate 15 and the first conductive wall 11 can be increased to avoid electromagnetic waves from radiating outwards through the isolation gap 1102.

[0111] When specifically setting, the first protrusion 151 and the second protrusion 111 can be regarded as interdigital capacitors. When specifically setting, the number and shape of the first protrusion 151 and the second protrusion 111 can be reasonably set according to actual requirements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0112] In addition, during actual application, the adjustable element 16 needs to adjust its working state through a control circuit. Therefore, a corresponding control circuit and a DC bias circuit connected between the control circuit and the adjustable element 16 or the conductive substrate 15 also need to be provided in the antenna 10.

[0113] For example, as Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28 shown, in an example provided by the present application, the antenna 10 further includes a control circuit 18 and a DC bias circuit 19.

[0114] Specifically, the antenna 10 further includes a second dielectric substrate 21, and the first dielectric substrate 17 and the second dielectric substrate 21 are stacked. The second dielectric substrate 21 is located on the side of the second conductive wall 12 away from the first conductive wall 11. The control circuit 18 is located on the side of the second dielectric substrate 21 away from the second conductive wall 12. One end of the DC bias circuit 19 extends to the surface of the first dielectric substrate 17 to be connected to the conductive substrates 15a and 15b, and the other end of the DC bias circuit 19 extends to the surface of the second dielectric substrate 21 to be connected to the control circuit 18. The control circuit 18 can be connected to the conductive substrates 15a and 15b through the DC bias circuit 19. Since one end of the adjustable element 16a is connected to the conductive substrate 15a and one end of the adjustable element 16b is connected to the conductive substrate 15b, the control circuit 18 can effectively regulate the operating states of the adjustable element 16a and the adjustable element 16b.

[0115] When specifically arranged, the type and components included in the control circuit 18 can be diverse.

[0116] For example, as Figure 26 shown, in an example provided in this application, the control circuit 18 specifically includes a beam control module 181, a DC bias feeder, and a radio frequency choke metal patch. In practical applications, a single beam control module 181 can be connected to each adjustable element in the antenna 10 to control the operating state of each adjustable element. For the convenience of understanding the technical solution of this application, the following will take two adjustable elements as an example for exemplary illustration. That is, Figure 27 two adjustable elements are shown, namely the adjustable element 16a and the adjustable element 16b. Among them, the adjustable element 16a is located in the first slit 110a, and the adjustable element 16b is located in the second slit 110b.

[0117] As Figure 26 、 Figure 27 and Figure 28As shown, the beam control module 181 is used to send control signals to the tunable element 16a and the tunable element 16b to regulate the operating states of the tunable element 16a and the tunable element 16b. The DC bias feeder is specifically the DC bias feeder 182a and the DC bias feeder 182b. The DC bias circuit includes a first circuit 191 and a second circuit 192. The DC bias feeder 182a and the first circuit 191 are used to realize the signal connection between the tunable element 16aa and the beam control module 181. The DC bias feeder 182b and the second circuit 192 are used to realize the signal connection between the tunable element 16b and the beam control module 181. The RF choke metal patch 183a is connected to the DC bias feeder 182a to realize RF grounding. The RF choke metal patch 183b is connected to the DC bias feeder 182b to realize RF grounding. In the example provided in this application, the RF choke metal patches 183a and 183b are large-area fan-shaped patches. A capacitive structure is formed between the RF choke metal patch 183a and the second conductive wall 12, and a capacitive structure is formed between the RF choke metal patch 183b and the second conductive wall 12, which can realize the grounding function of RF signals.

[0118] In practical applications, the specific types and setting methods of the beam control module 181, the DC bias feeder 182a, the DC bias feeder 182b, the RF choke metal patch 183a, and the RF choke metal patch 183b can be flexibly adjusted according to actual situations. Alternatively, the number and types of devices included in the control circuit 18 can be reasonably set according to the currently commonly used types, and this application does not limit this.

[0119] In the example provided in this application, through the stacked structure setting, the board layout area of the antenna 10 can be effectively reduced, which is beneficial to setting more slots within a limited area, thereby being beneficial to improving the regulation performance and signal transceiver ability of the antenna 10.

[0120] In addition, in the example provided in this application, by reasonably setting the position of the DC bias circuit 19, adverse situations such as the DC bias circuit 19 interfering with the waveguide cavity 100 can be avoided. In addition, the area of the antenna 10 will not be increased.

[0121] Specifically, in the example provided in this application, the DC bias circuit is specifically a metal via passing through the first dielectric substrate 17 and the second dielectric substrate 21.

[0122] The first slot 110a extends to the first side wall 13, and the second slot 110b extends to the second side wall 14. The vertical projection of the conductive substrate 15a within the first slot 110a on the first side wall 13 overlaps with the first side wall 13, and the vertical projection of the conductive substrate 15b within the second slot 110b on the second side wall 14 overlaps with the second side wall 14. The first circuit 191 is located in the first side wall 13, and the second circuit 192 is located in the second side wall 14.

[0123] Please refer to Figure 28 and Figure 29 . The first side wall 13 is composed of a plurality of first metal vias 171 arranged along the first direction, and the second side wall 14 is composed of a plurality of second metal vias 172 arranged along the first direction. Among them, some of the first metal vias 171 in the first side wall 13 can form the first circuit 191, and some of the second metal vias 172 in the second side wall 14 can form the second circuit 192.

[0124] Generally speaking, in the example provided in this application, the metal vias forming the first circuit 191 and the metal vias forming the first side wall 13 are located in the same straight line to prevent the first circuit 191 located inside the waveguide cavity 100 from interfering with the transmission performance of the waveguide cavity 100. Additionally, it can also prevent the first circuit 191 from being located outside the waveguide cavity 100 to avoid increasing the size of the antenna 10 in the second direction. Correspondingly, the metal vias forming the second circuit 192 and the metal vias forming the second side wall 14 are located in the same straight line to prevent the second circuit 192 located inside the waveguide cavity 100 from interfering with the transmission performance of the waveguide cavity 100. Additionally, it can also prevent the second circuit 192 from being located outside the waveguide cavity 100 to avoid increasing the size of the antenna 10 in the second direction.

[0125] It can be understood that in the above example, the DC bias circuit 19 is taken as an example of the structure form of metal vias for exemplary illustration. In other examples, the DC bias circuit 19 can also be other structure forms. For example, through holes penetrating the first dielectric substrate 17 and the second dielectric substrate 21 can be provided, and conductive structures such as wires can be arranged in the through holes. Among them, one end of the wire can be connected to the conductive substrate 15, and the other end can be connected to the control circuit 18, which will not be elaborated in detail here. In actual applications, the specific structure form of the DC bias circuit can be flexibly set according to actual requirements.

[0126] In addition, in the above example, the antenna 10 includes one waveguide cavity 100 for exemplary illustration. In actual applications, the antenna 10 also includes multiple waveguide cavities 100.

[0127] For example, as Figure 30As shown, in an example provided by the present application, the antenna 10 may include a plurality of waveguide cavities 100 ( Figure 30 six are shown in Figure 30 ). The plurality of waveguide cavities 100 all extend along the first direction and are arranged in sequence along the second direction. A side wall may be shared between two adjacent waveguide cavities 100 to reduce the size of the antenna 10 in the second direction.

[0128] As Figure 30 shown, in specific settings, each waveguide cavity includes the above-mentioned pair of slits. Moreover, the pairs of slits in two adjacent waveguide cavities are staggered in the first direction, so that more pairs of slits can be arranged, and moreover, position interference between adjacent slits can be prevented.

[0129] For example, as Figure 31 shown, two waveguide cavities are shown, namely waveguide cavity 100a and waveguide cavity 100b. The second slit 110b in waveguide cavity 100a is staggered with the first slit 110a in waveguide cavity 100b. In addition, the first slit 110a and the second slit 110b share the same row of metal vias and are both connected to different metal vias, so as to avoid position interference between the second slit 110b and the first slit 110a.

[0130] In actual application, the number of waveguide cavities included in the antenna 10 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs, and the present application does not limit this.

[0131] In specific settings, the antenna 10 also needs to be equipped with a corresponding feeding structure to enable electromagnetic waves to be input into different waveguide cavities 100. In actual application, the type of the feeding structure can be diverse.

[0132] For example, as Figure 30 shown, in an example provided by the present application, the feeding structure 30 includes a horn-shaped feeding cavity 300.

[0133] Specifically, as Figure 32 shown, the feeding structure 30 includes a dielectric substrate 31 and conductive layers 32 and 33 located on two plate surfaces of the dielectric substrate 31. In addition, there are also metal vias 34 passing through the dielectric substrate 31 between the conductive layer 32 and the conductive layer 33. One end of each metal via 34 is connected to the conductive layer 32, and the other end is connected to the conductive layer 33. The conductive layer 32, the conductive layer 33 and the plurality of metal vias 34 form a horn-shaped feeding cavity 300. Among them, the end with a smaller diameter can be used as the input port, and the end with a larger diameter can be used as the output port.

[0134] As Figure 33As shown, the output port can be docked with multiple waveguide cavities 100. It should be noted that in terms of structural form, the end with a larger diameter is an open structure. In practical applications, the feeding cavity is docked with multiple waveguide cavities 100 simultaneously. Therefore, the end with a larger diameter can be divided into five different output ports, and each output port is docked with the corresponding waveguide cavity 100.

[0135] Generally speaking, in the example provided in this application, the feeding cavity 300 includes one input port and five output ports, and the five output ports are respectively connected to the first ends (such as the left ends in Figure 33 ) of the five waveguide cavities 100.

[0136] In addition, the feeding cavity 300 is in a horn-shaped structure. Therefore, the transmission distances between different output ports and the input port are different, and non-uniform phase feeding can be achieved, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of grating lobes.

[0137] In other examples, other types can also be adopted for the feeding structure.

[0138] For example, as Figure 34 shown, the feeding structure can specifically be a waveguide power divider structure.

[0139] Or, as Figure 35 shown, the feeding structure can specifically be a reflecting paraboloid structure.

[0140] Or, as Figure 36 shown, the waveguide structure can specifically be a waveguide slot array structure.

[0141] Among them, Figures 34 to 36 in the three feeding structures listed in

[0142] the dotted arrows indicate the approximate propagation paths of electromagnetic waves in the feeding cavity 300. The above three feeding structures are all relatively well-known types at present and will not be elaborated here. Figure 30 and Figure 37 shown, in the example provided in this application, the antenna 10 further includes a matching absorption structure 40. The matching absorption structure 40 is arranged at the second end (such as the right end in the figure) of the waveguide cavity 100, and the matching absorption structure 40 is used to absorb the electromagnetic waves at the second end to reduce the echo reflection and can ensure the working performance of the antenna 10.

[0143] Specifically, when the electromagnetic waves enter the waveguide cavity 100 from the first end of the waveguide cavity 100, the electromagnetic waves will propagate towards the second end. And during the propagation process, the electromagnetic waves will radiate outwards through the slit 110. However, in practical applications, not all electromagnetic waves will radiate outwards through the slit 110. Therefore, the remaining electromagnetic waves can be consumed and absorbed by the matching absorption structure 40 to avoid or reduce the occurrence of adverse conditions such as echo reflection.

[0144] When specifically setting, the type of the matching absorption structure can be diverse.

[0145] For example, as Figure 37 shown, in an example provided by the present application, the matching absorption structure 40 includes a waveguide conversion structure 41, a patch resistor 42, and a metal patch 43 disposed on the first plate surface of the first dielectric substrate 17. One end of the waveguide conversion structure 41 is connected to the first conductive wall 11, which can achieve impedance matching between the waveguide cavity 100 and the metal patch 43. The patch resistor 42 is connected between the waveguide conversion structure 41 and the metal patch 43, which can effectively consume energy.

[0146] It can be understood that in actual applications, the matching absorption structure 40 can also adopt other currently commonly used types, and the present application does not limit the specific type of the matching absorption structure.

[0147] In addition, in the above example, the waveguide cavity 100 is fed in a one-end feeding manner.

[0148] For example, as Figure 38 shown, the first end (such as the left end in Figure 38 ) of the waveguide cavity 100 can be connected to the feeding structure 30. The electromagnetic wave in the feeding structure 30 can enter the waveguide cavity 100 from the left end of the waveguide cavity 100 and propagate to the right end. And, during the propagation of the electromagnetic wave, it can be radiated outward through the slit 110 provided in the first conductive wall 11. A matching absorption structure 40 is provided at the right end of the waveguide cavity 100 to effectively absorb the remaining electromagnetic wave.

[0149] However, in other examples, the waveguide cavity 100 can also be fed in a middle feeding manner.

[0150] For example, as Figure 39 shown, in another example provided by the present application, a feeding structure 30 can be provided on one side of the second conductive wall 12 of the waveguide cavity 100. And, a notch 121 can be provided in the second conductive wall 12 to facilitate docking with the output port of the feeding structure 30. After the electromagnetic wave enters the waveguide cavity 100, it can propagate bidirectionally. In addition, matching absorption structures 40 are provided at both the left end and the right end of the waveguide cavity 100.

[0151] When specifically setting, the feeding manner of the waveguide cavity 100 can be reasonably selected, which will not be elaborated here.

[0152] In practical applications, the above-mentioned antenna 10 can be applied in a base station or a satellite. Alternatively, the antenna 10 can also be applied in terminal devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, vehicles, drones, radars, etc. The antenna 10 can be used to achieve wireless signal transmission between different terminal devices, and can also achieve wireless signal transmission between a base station and a satellite. Alternatively, it can also achieve wireless signal transmission between a base station or a satellite and a terminal device. Generally speaking, the antenna 10 provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied in various communication devices with wireless signal transmission requirements.

[0153] In various embodiments of the present application, if there is no special description and logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their internal logical relationships.

[0154] In the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0155] It can be understood that the various numerical numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The magnitude of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not mean the order of execution. The order of execution of each process should be determined according to its function and internal logic.

Claims

1. An antenna, It is characterized in that The invention comprises a waveguide cavity extending along a first direction, wherein an outer surface of the waveguide cavity comprises a first conductive wall, a second conductive wall, a first side wall and a second side wall: The first conductive wall comprises a plurality of slot pairs arranged along the first direction, and vertical projections of two slots in each slot pair in the second direction overlap; Wherein, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and both are parallel to the first conductive wall; The second conductive wall is arranged opposite to the first conductive wall; The first side wall is connected between the first conductive wall and the second conductive wall; The second side wall is connected between the first conductive wall and the second conductive wall, and each of the gaps is located between the first side wall and the second side wall; Each of the slots includes a conductive substrate and an adjustable element. In each of the slots, one end of the adjustable element is connected to the conductive substrate, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The two slots in each slot pair are symmetrical about the middle plane, and the first side wall and the second side wall are symmetrical about the middle plane; The middle surface is perpendicular to the first conductive wall and parallel to the first direction.

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized in that Each of the slots has a bent region or segment, and the length of each of the slots along the first direction is less than 1 / 2λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave propagating in the waveguide cavity.

4. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized in that Each of the slots also includes a capacitor, wherein in each of the slots, one end of the capacitor is connected to the conductive substrate in the slot, and the other end is connected to the edge of the slot; And / or, in each of the gaps, a portion of the edge of the conductive substrate has a first protrusion extending toward the edge of the gap, and a portion of the edge of the gap has a second protrusion extending toward the conductive substrate, and the first protrusion and the second protrusion are capacitively coupled.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized in that Each of the slot pairs includes a first slot and a second slot; The first slit is located on one side of the first side wall, and the second slit is located on one side of the second side wall; Wherein, the first slit extends to the first side wall, and the second slit extends to the second side wall; A vertical projection of the conductive substrate in the first gap on the first side wall overlaps with the first side wall, and a vertical projection of the conductive substrate in the second gap on the second side wall overlaps with the second side wall.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The antenna also includes a DC bias circuit; The DC bias circuit is located in the first side wall and the second side wall, and one end of the DC bias circuit is connected to each of the conductive substrates, and the other end extends to a side of the second conductive wall away from the first conductive wall.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The antenna further comprises a first dielectric substrate, wherein the first dielectric substrate comprises a first plate surface and a second plate surface which are arranged opposite to each other; The first conductive wall is disposed on the first plate surface, and the second conductive wall is disposed on the second plate surface; The first dielectric substrate includes a plurality of first metal vias arranged at intervals along a first direction and a plurality of second metal vias arranged at intervals along the first direction; The plurality of first metal vias constitute the first sidewall, and the plurality of second metal vias constitute the second sidewall; The DC bias circuit includes a plurality of first circuits and a plurality of second circuits, and the conductive substrate includes a first conductive substrate disposed in the first gap and a second conductive substrate disposed in the second gap; A plurality of the first circuits correspond one-to-one to a plurality of the first conductive substrates, and a plurality of the second circuits correspond one-to-one to a plurality of the second conductive substrates; A plurality of the first circuits are respectively located between two adjacent first metal vias, and a plurality of the second circuits are respectively located between two adjacent second metal vias.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, It is characterized in that The first circuit and the second circuit are metal vias arranged in the first dielectric substrate. Both the first circuit and the second circuit pass through the second conductive wall. There is a gap between the first circuit and the second conductive wall, and there is a gap between the second circuit and the second conductive wall.

9. The antenna according to any one of claims 6 to 8, It is characterized in that The antenna also includes a control circuit and a second dielectric substrate; The second dielectric substrate is located on a side of the second conductive wall facing away from the first conductive wall; The DC bias circuit also extends to a side of the second matrix substrate away from the second conductive wall; The control circuit is located on a side of the second dielectric substrate away from the second conductive wall and is connected to the DC bias circuit.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, It is characterized in that The antenna comprises a plurality of the waveguide cavities, and the plurality of the waveguide cavities are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first side wall; Two adjacent waveguide cavities include a common first side wall or a common second side wall.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, It is characterized in that In two adjacent waveguide cavities, the slot pairs are arranged alternately.

12. The antenna according to claim 10 or 11, It is characterized in that The antenna further comprises a feeding cavity, wherein the feeding cavity comprises an input port and a plurality of output ports, wherein the plurality of output ports are respectively connected to the first ends of the plurality of waveguide cavities; Wherein, the transmission distances between at least two of the output ports and the input port are different.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, It is characterized in that The waveguide cavity further includes a matching absorption structure, which is arranged at a second end of the waveguide cavity and connected to the first conductive wall, and the first end and the second end are two ends of the waveguide cavity in the first direction respectively; The matching absorption structure is used to absorb electromagnetic waves at the second end.

14. A communication device, It is characterized in that Comprising a radio frequency circuit and an antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, the radio frequency circuit being coupled to the waveguide cavity.

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