High-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with dielectric cover

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover, and aims to solve the problem that radiation of a rectangular waveguide slot antenna at extreme temperature cannot be realized at present. The antenna is composed of a dielectric cover, a slotted waveguide, a supporting column and a supporting rod, the dielectric cover wraps the slotted waveguide, and the supporting column and the supporting rod are located between the dielectric cover and the slotted waveguide. The medium cover is composed of a front cover, a main body cover and a rear cover. The main body cover is composed of a rectangular bottom cover plate, two rectangular middle cover plates and a rectangular upper cover plate. The medium cover is of a closed structure and is filled with sulfur hexachloride gas. The slotted waveguide is composed of a rectangular bottom plate, two rectangular middle plates and a rectangular upper plate. The N1 supporting columns are fixed to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate in the central axis direction. The supporting rods are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the rectangular middle plate along the central axis. Microwaves output by a high-power microwave source can be radiated out at the low temperature of minus 50 DEG C and the high temperature of 50 DEG C, generation of slot array grating lobes can be restrained, and the structure is compact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a radiation antenna in the field of high-power microwave technology, and in particular to a high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover. Background Art

[0002] High-Power-Microwave (abbreviated as HPM) generally refers to strong electromagnetic radiation with a frequency ranging from 300 MHz to 300 GHz, a peak power greater than 100 MW, or an average power greater than 1 MW. As the terminal of the high-power microwave system, the antenna is an important component for realizing effective directional radiation of microwaves. How to ensure that the antenna has good environmental adaptability has become a difficult problem that researchers urgently need to solve.

[0003] Rectangular waveguide slot antennas have been widely used in the field of high-power microwaves due to their advantages such as simple structure and convenient array formation. Currently, rectangular waveguide slot antennas still have the problem of weak environmental adaptability. In order to improve the platform adaptability of high-power microwave antennas and at the same time ensure the power capacity and efficiency of high-power microwave antennas, the commonly used method is to evacuate the inside of the high-power microwave antenna into a vacuum. This method has high requirements for the sealing structure of the high-power microwave antenna and is relatively difficult to implement. The HPM system has a wide range of applications in fields such as plasma heating, high-power microwave directed energy weapons, high-power radars, and high-energy particle radio frequency acceleration, which also means that the application environment of high-power microwave antennas is diverse. Therefore, realizing that the rectangular waveguide slot antenna can still radiate HPM in extreme temperatures has important application value for the development of high-power microwave systems. Therefore, how to provide a waveguide slot array antenna that can work at low temperatures of -50°C and high temperatures of 50°C, has a high power capacity, and can be applied to the HPM field has become a difficult problem that researchers urgently need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover for the problem that the rectangular waveguide slot antenna cannot radiate in extreme temperatures at present. Its structure is compact, and it can solve the problems such as difficult application and limited power capacity of current high-power microwave antennas at low temperatures of -50°C and high temperatures of 50°C.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

[0006] The present invention is composed of a dielectric cover, a slotted waveguide, support columns, and support rods. The dielectric cover completely wraps the slotted waveguide, and the support columns and support rods are located between the dielectric cover and the slotted waveguide. Define one end of the present invention close to the microwave source as the input end, and the end far from the microwave source as the output end; the open end of the dielectric cover is connected to the microwave source as the input port of the high-power waveguide slot array antenna with a dielectric cover, and the other end is a closed structure. The dielectric cover is composed of a front cover, a main body cover, and a rear cover. The front cover is located on the front end face of the main body cover, the rear cover is located on the rear end face of the main body cover, and the front cover and the rear cover seal the main body cover. The front cover, the main body cover, and the rear cover are all made of fiberglass material. The dielectric cover is a closed structure, and after the dielectric cover is evacuated, sulfur hexafluoride gas is filled in it.

[0007] The slotted waveguide is connected to the front cover by rivets. The slotted waveguide is composed of a rectangular bottom plate, two rectangular middle plates, and a rectangular upper plate, all made of metal materials. The rectangular bottom plate, two rectangular middle plates, and the rectangular upper plate jointly enclose a rectangular channel; for the convenience of description, draw the central axis OO’ of the rectangular channel along the input-to-output direction, point O is on the input end face, and point O’ is on the rear cover; draw a longitudinal axis CC’ through point O on the input end face, CC’ is perpendicular to the rectangular bottom plate, and the end far from the rectangular bottom plate, i.e., the C end, is the upper end, and the end close to the rectangular bottom plate, i.e., the C’ end, is the lower end; draw a transverse axis DD’ through point O on the input end face, the transverse axis DD’ is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis CC’, the D end is the left end, and the D’ end is the right end. In order to prevent grating lobes from appearing in the far-field pattern, the width a1 of the slotted waveguide should be less than the free-space wavelength.

[0008] The rectangular bottom plate is a cuboid plate, with a width equal to a1, a height of b1, and a length of L1. The lower surfaces of the two rectangular middle plates are symmetrically welded to the left and right ends of the upper surface of the rectangular bottom plate along the central axis OO’; the rectangular middle plate is a cuboid plate, with a width of a2, a height of b2, and a length equal to L1. The lower surface of the rectangular upper plate is tiled and welded to the upper surfaces of the two rectangular middle plates along the central axis OO’; the rectangular upper plate is a cuboid plate, with a width equal to a1, a height of b3, and a length equal to L1. The rectangular bottom plate, two rectangular middle plates, and the rectangular upper plate jointly enclose a rectangular channel. The surfaces of the rectangular bottom plate, two rectangular middle plates, and the rectangular upper plate close to the axis OO’ are the inner surfaces; the width of the rectangular channel is a3, the height is equal to b2, and the length is equal to L1, a3 = a1 - 2*a2.

[0009] The rectangular upper plate is provided with waveguide slots along the CC' direction; the waveguide slots are rectangular, with a total of K, a length of L4, a width of w, and an angle of θ with the DD' axis. On the rectangular upper plate, the right end of the waveguide slot closest to O deflects θ away from O, and the next waveguide slot deflects θ towards O, arranged staggeredly on the rectangular upper plate; the waveguide slots are grooved from the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate towards the direction approaching the rectangular bottom plate, with a grooving depth of c, c > b3, and the waveguide slots connect the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate and the rectangular channel; the axial spacing between adjacent waveguide slots is p1, the axial spacing from the waveguide slot closest to the front cover to the O-end face of the slotted waveguide is s2, and the axial spacing from the waveguide slot closest to the rear cover to the O'-end face of the slotted waveguide is equal to s2.

[0010] The support columns are cylinders made of fiberglass material, with a total of N1, a diameter of d, and a height of h; the N1 support columns are distributed along the central axis OO' direction and are fixed on the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate with screws; the axial spacing between adjacent support columns is p2, and the axial spacing from the support column closest to the rear cover to the rear cover is s4.

[0011] The main body cover is composed of a rectangular bottom cover plate, two rectangular middle cover plates, and a rectangular upper cover plate, all made of fiberglass material. The rectangular bottom cover plate is symmetrically welded about the OO' axis on the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate; the rectangular bottom cover plate is a cuboid plate, with a width of a4, a height of b4, and a length of L2; the two rectangular middle cover plates are symmetrically welded about the central axis OO' at the left and right ends of the upper surface of the rectangular bottom cover plate; the rectangular middle cover plates are cuboid plates, with a width of a5, a height of b5, and a length equal to L2; the rectangular upper cover plate is flatly welded on the upper surfaces of the two rectangular middle cover plates, and the rectangular upper cover plate is a cuboid plate, with a width equal to a4, a height of b6, and a length equal to L2. The surfaces of the rectangular bottom cover plate, the two rectangular middle cover plates, and the rectangular upper cover plate close to the axis OO' are the inner surfaces; the connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates is rounded, with an inner surface chamfer radius of r1 and an outer surface chamfer radius of r2; the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates is rounded, with an inner surface chamfer radius of r3 and an outer surface chamfer radius of r4. The distance between the inner surface of the rectangular middle cover plate and the outer surface of the adjacent rectangular middle plate is a6, and 2*a6 + 2*a5 + a1 = a4.

[0012] The front cover is a convex-shaped metal cuboid with a width equal to a4, a height of b7, and a thickness of s0. On the end face of the front cover far from O, four rectangular grooves are dug from the four directions of up, down, left, and right, from the edge towards the direction close to the central axis OO’. The rectangular groove close to C’ below is the first groove, the width of the first groove is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate, and the height of the first groove is equal to the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate; the rectangular groove close to D on the left is the second groove, the width of the second groove is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate, and the height of the second groove is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate; the rectangular groove close to D’ on the left is the third groove, the width of the third groove is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate, and the height of the third groove is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate; the rectangular groove close to C above is the fourth groove, the width of the fourth groove is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate, and the height of the fourth groove is equal to the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate; the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove have the same depth, all being s1; the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove are interconnected; the connection between the first groove and the second groove is rounded, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face far from O is equal to r2; the connection between the first groove and the third groove is rounded, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face far from O is equal to r2; the connection between the fourth groove and the second groove is rounded, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face far from O is equal to r4; the connection between the fourth groove and the third groove is rounded, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face far from O is equal to r4; a rectangular through groove is dug from the microwave input end face of the front cover along the central axis OO’ direction to connect the rectangular channel; the width of the rectangular through groove is equal to the width a3 of the rectangular channel, the height of the rectangular through groove is equal to the height b3 of the rectangular channel, and the depth is equal to s0. The distance from the lower surface of the rectangular through groove to the lower surface of the front cover is b8, and b8 = b1 + b4; the distance from the upper surface of the rectangular through groove to the upper surface of the front cover is b9, and b9 = b3 + h + b6; the distance from the left surface of the rectangular through groove to the left surface of the front cover is a7, and a7 = a2 + a5 + a6; the distance from the right surface of the rectangular through groove to the right surface of the front cover is equal to a7. The end face of the front cover far from O is fixedly connected to the end faces of the bottom cover plate, the middle cover plate, and the upper cover plate of the main cover close to O by screws.

[0013] The rear cover is a convex-shaped metal cuboid with a width equal to a4, a height equal to b7, and a thickness equal to s0. On the end face of the rear cover away from O’, four rectangular grooves are dug from the four directions of up, down, left, and right, from the edge towards the direction close to the central axis OO’. The rectangular groove on the lower part of the rear cover close to C’ is the fifth groove, the width of the fifth groove is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate, and the height of the fifth groove is equal to the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate; the rectangular groove on the right close to D is the sixth groove, the width of the sixth groove is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate, and the height of the sixth groove is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate; the rectangular groove on the right close to D’ is the seventh groove, the width of the seventh groove is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate, and the height of the seventh groove is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate; the rectangular groove on the upper part close to C is the eighth groove, the width of the eighth groove is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate, and the height of the eighth groove is equal to the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate; the fifth groove, the sixth groove, the seventh groove and the eighth groove have the same depth, all being s1; the fifth groove, the sixth groove, the seventh groove and the eighth groove are interconnected; at the connection of the fifth groove and the sixth groove, a fillet is made, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O’ is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O’ is equal to r2; at the connection of the fifth groove and the seventh groove, a fillet is made, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O’ is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O’ is equal to r2; at the connection of the eighth groove and the sixth groove, a fillet is made, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O’ is equal to r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O’ is equal to r4; at the connection of the eighth groove and the seventh groove, a fillet is made, the chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O’ is r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O’ is r4; the axial distance from the rear cover to the end face of the slotted waveguide close to O’ is s3, satisfying L2 = L1 + 2*s1 + s3. The end face of the rear cover away from O’ is fixedly connected to the end faces of the bottom cover plate, the middle cover plate, and the upper cover plate of the main body cover close to O’ by screws.

[0014] The support rod is a cuboid made of fiberglass material, with a width of a6, a height of b10, and a length of L3. It is located between the rectangular middle plate and the rectangular middle cover plate and is fixed to the rectangular middle plate with screws. There are a total of N2 support rods, and the N2 support rods are divided into two columns, the number of each column is equal to N2 / 2. Along the central axis OO’ direction, they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rectangular middle plate. The horizontal distance between the two columns of support rods is equal to a1, the distance in the height direction between the support rods in the same column is b11, the distance from the support rod closest to the rectangular bottom plate to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate is b12, and the distance from the support rod closest to the rectangular upper plate to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate is equal to b12.

[0015] For the convenience of description, the conditions satisfied by the structural parameters of the above design are uniformly introduced here:

[0016] 1. The width a1 and height b13 of the slotted waveguide need to satisfy TE 10The mode is transmitted therein, generally satisfying a1 < λ 0 / 2, λ 0 / 2 < b13 < λ 0 , λ 0 , where λ is the wavelength in free space. The width of the rectangular bottom plate is equal to the width of the rectangular upper plate, both equal to the width a1 of the slotted waveguide; the height of the rectangular middle plate is equal to the height of the rectangular channel, both equal to b2; usually, the height b1 of the rectangular bottom plate and the height b3 of the rectangular upper plate should be equal and smaller than the height b2 of the rectangular middle plate. However, due to the need to open slots on the rectangular upper plate, its height increases slightly. So, b2 > b3 > b1 > 0; the sum of the height b1 of the rectangular bottom plate, the height b2 of the rectangular middle plate, and the height b3 of the rectangular upper plate should be consistent with the height b13 of the slotted waveguide, that is, b1 + b2 + b3 = b13; the width a2 of the rectangular middle plate and the width a3 of the rectangular channel satisfy 2*a2 + a3 = a1; in the design, based on the ability to transmit the microwave TE 10 mode, the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit is used to simulate and obtain the accurate values of a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, and b13. The length L1 of the slotted waveguide should be related to the number and position of the waveguide slots and should satisfy L1 = (K - 1)*p1 + 2*s2.

[0017] 2. The width a4 of the dielectric cover, the height b7 of the dielectric cover, the thickness s0 of the front cover, the depth s1 of the first annular through groove, the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate, the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate, the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate, and the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate should be designed to be able to completely enclose the slotted waveguide in the dielectric cover, ensure the sealing of the dielectric cover, and minimize the impact on the slotted waveguide as much as possible. Under the conditions of b4 + b5 + b6 = b7 and a4 > a1 > a5, b7 > b5 > b6 > b4, the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit is used to simulate and obtain the accurate values of a4, a5, b4, b5, b6, and b7. Considering the processing cost, the thickness s0 of the front cover and the depths s1 of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove should not be too small, and the axial distance s3 from the rear cover to the end face of the slotted waveguide near O' should not be too large. Generally, s0 > 5mm, s1 > 3mm, s3 < 2mm. The thickness of the rear cover is the same as the thickness of the front cover, equal to s0; the depths of the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the fourth groove are the same as the depths of the fifth groove, the sixth groove, the seventh groove, and the eighth groove, equal to s1. The length of the dielectric cover should satisfy L0 = L2 + 2*(s0 - s1) = L1 + s3 + 2*s0.

[0018] 3. The chamfer radius r1 of the inner surface at the connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, the chamfer radius r2 of the outer surface at the connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, the chamfer radius r3 of the inner surface at the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, and the chamfer radius r4 of the outer surface at the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates should all meet the condition of lossless microwave transmission to achieve the purpose of reducing reflection, and r4 > r3 > r2 > r1. The chamfer radius of the inner side near O at the connection between the first groove and the second groove, the chamfer radius of the inner side near O at the connection between the first groove and the third groove, the chamfer radius of the inner side near O' at the connection between the fifth groove and the sixth groove, and the chamfer radius of the inner side near O' at the connection between the fifth groove and the seventh groove are the same as the chamfer radius of the inner surface at the connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, all equal to r1; the chamfer radius of the inner side near O at the connection between the fourth groove and the second groove, the chamfer radius of the inner side near O at the connection between the fourth groove and the third groove, the chamfer radius of the inner side near O' at the connection between the eighth groove and the sixth groove, and the chamfer radius of the inner side near O' at the connection between the eighth groove and the seventh groove are the same as the chamfer radius of the inner surface at the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, all equal to r3; the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O at the connection between the first groove and the second groove, the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O at the connection between the first groove and the third groove, the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O' at the connection between the fifth groove and the sixth groove, and the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O' at the connection between the fifth groove and the seventh groove are the same as the chamfer radius of the outer surface at the connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, all equal to r2; the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O at the connection between the fourth groove and the second groove, the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O at the connection between the fourth groove and the third groove, the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O' at the connection between the eighth groove and the sixth groove, and the chamfer radius of the outer side far from O' at the connection between the eighth groove and the seventh groove are the same as the chamfer radius of the outer surface at the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate and the two rectangular middle cover plates, all equal to r4.

[0019] 4. There are a total of K waveguide slots, and the normalized equivalent conductance of each slot where S 1,1The reflection coefficient of the input port of a high-power waveguide slot array antenna with a dielectric cover obtained by electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit when the waveguide slot is in a resonant state; the mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of K waveguide slots and the length L4 of the waveguide slot can be obtained by simulation using electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit (after the shape of the waveguide slot is determined, there must be a unique corresponding mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of the waveguide slot and the length L4 of the waveguide slot); the waveguide slot is an inclined slot on the narrow side of a rectangular waveguide, and changing the inclination angle θ of the waveguide slot can change the magnitude of the normalized equivalent conductance. Adjust the depth c of the slot cut into the wide side to make the slot in a resonant state; the mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of K waveguide slots and the inclination angle θ of the waveguide slot can be obtained by simulation using electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit (after the shape of the waveguide slot is determined, there must be a unique corresponding mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of the waveguide slot and the inclination angle θ of the waveguide slot); the mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of K waveguide slots and the depth c of the waveguide slot can be obtained by simulation using electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit (after the shape of the waveguide slot is determined, there must be a unique corresponding mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of the waveguide slot and the depth c of the waveguide slot); the axial spacing p1 between adjacent waveguide slots should be equal to λ g / 2. The axial spacing from the waveguide slot closest to the front cover to the O end face of the slotted waveguide should be equal to the axial spacing from the waveguide slot closest to the rear cover to the O' end face of the slotted waveguide, both of which are s2 and should be equal to λ g / 2, λ g is the operating wavelength of the slotted waveguide.

[0020] 5. There are N1 support columns in total. The support columns are located between the slotted waveguide and the dielectric cover. The height h, diameter d, and axial spacing p2 between adjacent support columns should meet the function of supporting the dielectric cover while reducing the impact on the slotted waveguide during design, and should satisfy h + b13 = b5. The axial spacing s4 from the support column closest to the rear cover to the rear cover should satisfy (s4 - s3)*2 = s2, s4 < s2 < p2. Based on the axial spacing p2 between adjacent support columns and the axial spacing s4 from the support column closest to the rear cover to the rear cover, the number N1 of support columns can be obtained, that is, N1 = (L0 - s0 - s4) / p2.

[0021] 6. There are N2 support rods in total. The support rods are located between the rectangular middle plate and the rectangular middle cover plate. The width of the support rod is a6, and the height is b10. The longitudinal spacing b11 of the support rods in the same column should meet the function of the support medium cover while reducing the influence on the slotted waveguide, and satisfy a1 + 2*a6 + 2*a5 = a4, a4 > a1 > a5 > a6, b7 > b5 > b11 > b6 > b4 > b10. The longitudinal spacing from the support rod closest to the rectangular bottom plate to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate is equal to the longitudinal distance from the support rod closest to the rectangular upper plate to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate, both being b12. According to the longitudinal spacing b11 of the support rods in the same column and the longitudinal spacing b12 from the support rod closest to the rectangular bottom plate to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate, the number of support rods N2 can be obtained, that is, N2 = 2*((b13 - 2*b12) / b11 + 1). The length L3 of the support rod should satisfy L3 = L1 + s3.

[0022] 7. The rectangular through slot connects the front cover and the slotted waveguide. The width of the rectangular through slot is equal to the width of the rectangular channel, both being a3; the height of the rectangular through slot is equal to the height of the rectangular channel, both being b3; the depth of the rectangular through slot is equal to the thickness of the front cover, both being s0; the distance from the lower surface of the rectangular through slot to the lower surface of the front cover is b8, the distance from the upper surface of the rectangular through slot to the upper surface of the front cover is b9, and the distance from the left surface of the rectangular through slot to the left surface of the front cover is equal to the distance from the right surface of the rectangular through slot to the right surface of the front cover, both being a7. During design, it satisfies b8 = b1 + b4, b9 = b3 + h + b6, a7 = a2 + a5 + a6.

[0023] Through the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit, when satisfying L1 = (K - 1)*p1 + 2*s2, L2 = L1 + 2*s1 + s3, L3 = L1 + s3, L0 = L2 + 2*(s0 - s1) = L1 + s3 + 2*s0, N1 = (L0 - s0 - s4) / p2, N2 = 2*((b13 - 2*b12) / b11 + 1), a2 + a3 + a2 = a1, a5 + a6 + a1 + a6 + a5 = a4, a2 + a5 + a6 = a7, b1 + b2 + b3 = b12 + b11 + b12 = b13, b4 + b5 + b6 = b2 + b8 + b9 = b7, b13 + h = b5, b1 + b4 = b8, b3 + b6 + h = b9, a4 > a1 > a3 > d > a7 > a5 > a6 > a2, λ 0 / 2 < a1 < λ 0 ,b13 < λ 0Under the conditions of / 2, b1>b2>b3>b4>b5>b6>b7>b8>b9>b10>h>b11>b13, r4>r3>r2>r1, L0>L2>L3>L1>L4, s2>s0>s4>s1>s3, s0>5mm, s1>3mm, s3<2mm, when the antenna radiation efficiency is set to be greater than 99%, the exact values of parameters K, N1, N2, L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, c, d, h, w, p1, p2, r1, r2, r3, r4, s0, s1, s2, s3, s4 can be obtained.

[0024] The slotted waveguide of the present invention radiates the microwave output by the high-power microwave source. The dielectric cover wraps the slotted waveguide in the dielectric cover. The dielectric cover is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas, which can achieve good airtightness, isolate the slotted waveguide from the vacuum, and can withstand low temperature of -50°C and high temperature of 50°C at the same time.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the following technical effects can be achieved by using the present invention:

[0026] 1. The width of the slotted waveguide of the present invention is less than one waveguide wavelength, effectively suppressing the generation of grating lobes of the slot array.

[0027] 2. The slotted waveguides of the present invention are all metal structures, ensuring the aperture efficiency of the antenna, overcoming the problem of radio frequency breakdown that limits the power capacity of the antenna, and achieving high power capacity, high aperture efficiency, and high radiation efficiency.

[0028] 3. The dielectric cover of the present invention isolates the slotted waveguide from the outside world and fills it with sulfur hexafluoride gas, realizing the function of withstanding low temperature of -50°C and high temperature of 50°C at the same time.

[0029] 4. The present invention is a single waveguide, with a compact structure and easy to be modularized. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention after being horizontally cut along the AA' plane.

[0032] Figure 3 is Figure 1 A vertical sectional view along the BB' plane.

[0033] Figure 4 isFigure 1 Horizontal sectional view along the AA' plane and partial enlarged view; Figure 4 (a) is Figure 1 Horizontal sectional view along the AA' plane; Figure 4 (b) is Figure 4 (a) Partial enlarged view at E; Figure 4 (c) is Figure 4 (a) Partial enlarged view at F.

[0034] Figure 5 is the side view and partial enlarged view of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention after horizontal cutting along the GG' plane; Figure 5 (a) is the horizontal sectional view of the present invention along the GG' plane; Figure 5 (b) is Figure 5 (a) Partial enlarged view at H; Figure 5 (c) is Figure 5 (a) Partial enlarged view at I.

[0035] Figure 6 is the front view of the microwave input end face of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 is the front view of the microwave output end face of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 is the two-dimensional radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a working frequency of 4.3 GHz. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] The following further describes the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention; as Figure 1 shown, the present invention consists of a dielectric cover 1, a slotted waveguide 2 (see Figure 2 ), a support column 3 (see Figure 2 ), a support rod 4 (see Figure 3) It consists of a dielectric cover 1 that completely wraps the slotted waveguide 2, and support columns 3 and support rods 4 are located between the dielectric cover 1 and the slotted waveguide 2. One end of the present invention close to the microwave source is defined as the input end, and the end far from the microwave source is defined as the output end; the open end of the dielectric cover 1 is connected to the microwave source as the input port of the high-power waveguide slot array antenna with a dielectric cover, and the other end is a closed structure. The dielectric cover 1 is composed of a front cover 11, a main body cover 12, and a rear cover 13. The front cover 11 is located on the front end face of the main body cover 12, the rear cover 13 is located on the rear end face of the main body cover 12, and the front cover 11 and the rear cover 13 seal the main body cover 12. The front cover 11, the main body cover 12, and the rear cover 13 are all made of fiberglass material. The dielectric cover 1 is a closed structure. After the dielectric cover 1 is evacuated, sulfur hexafluoride gas is filled into it.

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention after being horizontally cut along the AA' plane, as Figure 2 shown, the slotted waveguide 2 is connected to the front cover 11 by rivets.

[0041] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a vertical sectional view along the BB' plane, as Figure 2 shown. Combining Figure 3 , the slotted waveguide 2 is composed of a rectangular bottom plate 21, two rectangular middle plates 22, and a rectangular upper plate 23, all made of metal materials. The rectangular bottom plate 21, the two rectangular middle plates 22, and the rectangular upper plate 23 jointly enclose a rectangular channel 24 (see Figure 1 ); for the convenience of description, the central axis OO' of the rectangular channel 24 is drawn along the input-to-output direction. Point O is on the input end face, and point O' is on the rear cover 13; a longitudinal axis CC' is drawn through point O on the input end face, CC' is perpendicular to the rectangular bottom plate 21, and the end far from the rectangular bottom plate 21, i.e., the C end, is the upper end, and the end close to the rectangular bottom plate 21, i.e., the C' end, is the lower end; a transverse axis DD' is drawn through point O on the input end face, the transverse axis DD' is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis CC', the D end is the left end, and the D' end is the right end. In order to prevent grating lobes from appearing in the far-field pattern, the width a1 of the slotted waveguide 2 should be less than the free-space wavelength.

[0042] As Figure 3 shown, the rectangular bottom plate 21 is a cuboid plate, with a width equal to a1, a height of b1, and a length of L1 (see Figure 4)。The lower surfaces of the two rectangular middle plates 22 are symmetrically welded to the left and right ends of the upper surface of the rectangular bottom plate 21 along the central axis OO' direction with respect to the central axis OO'; the rectangular middle plate 22 is a cuboid plate with a width of a2, a height of b2, and a length equal to L1. The lower surface of the rectangular upper plate 23 is horizontally welded to the upper surfaces of the two rectangular middle plates 22 along the central axis OO' direction; the rectangular upper plate 23 is a cuboid plate with a width equal to a1, a height of b3, and a length equal to L1. The rectangular bottom plate 21, the two rectangular middle plates 22, and the rectangular upper plate 23 together enclose a rectangular channel 24. The surfaces of the rectangular bottom plate 21, the two rectangular middle plates 22, and the rectangular upper plate 23 close to the axis OO' are inner surfaces; the width of the rectangular channel 24 is a3, the height is equal to b2, and the length is equal to L1, and a3 = a1 - 2*a2.

[0043] Figure 4 is Figure 1 The horizontal sectional view along the AA' plane and the partial enlarged view; Figure 4 (a) is Figure 1 The horizontal sectional view along the AA' plane; Figure 4 (b) is Figure 4 The partial enlarged view of (a) at E; Figure 4 (c) is Figure 4 (a) The partial enlarged view of (a) at F. As Figure 4 (a), Figure 4 (b) and Figure 4 (c) show that the rectangular upper plate 23 is provided with waveguide slots 25 along the CC' direction; the waveguide slots 25 are rectangular, there are a total of K, with a length of L4, a width of w, and an angle of θ with the DD' axis. On the rectangular upper plate 23, starting from the right end of the waveguide slot 25 closest to O, it deflects θ away from O, and the next waveguide slot 25 deflects θ towards O, and they are arranged staggeredly on the rectangular upper plate 23; the waveguide slots 25 are grooved from the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate 23 towards the direction close to the rectangular bottom plate 21, and the grooving depth is c, and c > b3 (see Figure 2 ), the waveguide slots 25 communicate the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate 23 and the rectangular channel 24; the axial distance between adjacent waveguide slots 25 is p1, and the axial distance from the waveguide slot 25 closest to the front cover 11 to the O-end face of the slotted waveguide 2 is s2 (see Figure 4 (a)), and the axial distance from the waveguide slot 25 closest to the rear cover 13 to the O'-end face of the slotted waveguide 2 is equal to s2 (see Figure 4 (b)).

[0044] As Figure 2 shown, the support columns 3 are cylinders made of fiberglass material, there are a total of N1, with a diameter of d and a height of h (see Figure 3 ); as Figure 4As shown, N1 support columns 3 are distributed along the central axis OO', and are fixed to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate 23 with screws; the axial spacing between adjacent support columns 3 is p2, and the axial spacing between the support column 3 closest to the rear cover 13 and the rear cover 13 is s4.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, combining Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the main body cover 12 is composed of a rectangular bottom cover plate 121, two rectangular middle cover plates 122, and a rectangular upper cover plate 123, all made of fiberglass material. As Figure 3 shown, the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 is symmetrically welded to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate 21 with respect to the axis OO'; the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 is a cuboid plate with a width of a4, a height of b4, and a length of L2 (see Figure 2 ); two rectangular middle cover plates 122 are symmetrically welded to the left and right ends of the upper surface of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 with respect to the central axis OO'; the rectangular middle cover plate 122 is a cuboid plate with a width of a5, a height of b5, and a length equal to L2; the rectangular upper cover plate 123 is laid flat and welded to the upper surfaces of the two rectangular middle cover plates 122, and the rectangular upper cover plate 123 is a cuboid plate with a width equal to a4, a height of b6, and a length equal to L2. The surfaces of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121, the two rectangular middle cover plates 122, and the rectangular upper cover plate 123 close to the axis OO' are the inner surfaces; the connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 and the two rectangular middle cover plates 122 is rounded, the chamfer radius of the inner surface is r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer surface is r2; the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate 123 and the two rectangular middle cover plates 122 is rounded, the chamfer radius of the inner surface is r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer surface is r4. The distance between the inner surface of the rectangular middle cover plate 122 and the outer surface of the adjacent rectangular middle plate 22 is a6 (see Figure 3 ), and 2*a6 + 2*a5 + a1 = a4.

[0046] Figure 6 is the front view of the microwave input end face of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention. As Figure 6 shown, the dotted line represents the invisible structural line. Combining Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the front cover 11 is a convex-shaped metal cuboid with a width equal to a4, a height of b7, and a thickness of s0 (see Figure 4 (c) and Figure 5 (b)). As Figure 6As shown in the figure, on the end face of the front cover 11 away from O, four rectangular grooves are dug from the four directions of up, down, left, and right, from the edge towards the direction close to the central axis OO'. The rectangular groove close to C' below is the first groove 111. The width of the first groove 111 is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121, and the height of the first groove 111 is equal to the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121; the rectangular groove close to D on the left is the second groove 112. The width of the second groove 112 is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122, and the height of the second groove 112 is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122; the rectangular groove close to D' on the left is the third groove 113. The width of the third groove 113 is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122, and the height of the third groove 113 is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122; the rectangular groove close to C above is the fourth groove 114. The width of the fourth groove 114 is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate 123, and the height of the fourth groove 114 is equal to the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate 123; the first groove 111, the second groove 112, the third groove 113, and the fourth groove 114 have the same depth, all being s1 (see Figure 4 (c) and Figure 5 (b)); the first groove 111, the second groove 112, the third groove 113, and the fourth groove 114 are interconnected; the connection between the first groove 111 and the second groove 112 is rounded. The chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O is equal to r2; the connection between the first groove 111 and the third groove 113 is rounded. The chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O is equal to r2; the connection between the fourth groove 114 and the second groove 112 is rounded. The chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O is equal to r4; the connection between the fourth groove 114 and the third groove 113 is rounded. The chamfer radius of the inner side face close to O is equal to r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side face away from O is equal to r4; as Figure 6 shown, the front cover 11 is dug with a rectangular through groove 115 along the direction of the central axis OO' from the microwave input end face, communicating with the rectangular channel 24; the width of the rectangular through groove 115 is equal to the width a3 of the rectangular channel 24, the height of the rectangular through groove 115 is equal to the height b3 of the rectangular channel 24, and the depth is equal to s0 (see Figure 4 (c) and Figure 5 (b)). The distance from the lower surface of the rectangular through groove 115 to the lower surface of the front cover 11 is b8, and b8 = b1 + b4; the distance from the upper surface of the rectangular through groove 115 to the upper surface of the front cover 11 is b9, and b9 = b3 + h + b6 (see Figure 3 ); the distance from the left surface of the rectangular through groove 115 to the left surface of the front cover 11 is a7, and a7 = a2 + a5 + a6 (see Figure 3) The distance between the right surface of the rectangular through - slot 115 and the right surface of the front cover 11 is equal to a7. The end face of the front cover 11 far from O is fixedly connected to the end faces of the bottom cover plate 121, the middle cover plate 122, and the upper cover plate 123 of the main body cover 12 close to O by screws.

[0047] Figure 7 is the front - view of the microwave output end face of the high - power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention. As Figure 7 shown, the dashed lines represent invisible structural lines. Combining Figure 2 、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the rear cover 13 is a convex - shaped metal cuboid, with a width equal to a4, a height equal to b7, and a thickness equal to s0 (see Figure 4 (b) and Figure 5 (c)). As Figure 7 shown, on the end face of the rear cover 13 far from O’, four rectangular grooves are dug from the four directions of up, down, left, and right, from the edge towards the direction close to the central axis OO’. The rectangular groove on the lower part of the rear cover 13 close to C’ is the fifth groove 131. The width of the fifth groove 131 is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121, and the height of the fifth groove 131 is equal to the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121; the rectangular groove on the right side close to D is the sixth groove 132. The width of the sixth groove 132 is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122, and the height of the sixth groove 132 is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122; the rectangular groove on the right side close to D’ is the seventh groove 133. The width of the seventh groove 133 is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122, and the height of the seventh groove 133 is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122; the rectangular groove on the upper part close to C is the eighth groove 134. The width of the eighth groove 134 is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate 123, and the height of the eighth groove 134 is equal to the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate 123; the fifth groove 131, the sixth groove 132, the seventh groove 133, and the eighth groove 134 have the same depth, all being s1 (see Figure 4 (c) and Figure 5(b)); the fifth groove 131, the sixth groove 132, the seventh groove 133 and the eighth groove 134 are interconnected; the connection between the fifth groove 131 and the sixth groove 132 has a rounded corner, the chamfer radius of the inner side surface close to O’ is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side surface far from O’ is equal to r2; the connection between the fifth groove 131 and the seventh groove 133 has a rounded corner, the chamfer radius of the inner side surface close to O’ is equal to r1, and the chamfer radius of the outer side surface far from O’ is equal to r2; the connection between the eighth groove 134 and the sixth groove 132 has a rounded corner, the chamfer radius of the inner side surface close to O’ is equal to r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side surface far from O’ is equal to r4; the connection between the eighth groove 134 and the seventh groove 133 has a rounded corner, the chamfer radius of the inner side surface close to O’ is r3, and the chamfer radius of the outer side surface far from O’ is r4; the axial distance from the rear cover 13 to the end face of the slotted waveguide 2 close to O’ is s3 (see Figure 4 (b) and Figure 5 (c)), satisfying L2 = L1 + 2*s1 + s3 (see Figure 5 ). The end face of the rear cover 13 far from O’ is fixedly connected to the end faces of the bottom cover plate 121, the middle cover plate 122, and the upper cover plate 123 of the main body cover 12 close to O’ by screws.

[0048] Figure 5 is a side view of the cross-section after horizontal cutting of the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover of the present invention along the GG’ plane. As Figure 5 (a), Figure 5 (b), Figure 5 (c) and Figure 3 shown, the support rod 4 is a cuboid made of fiberglass material, with a width of a6, a height of b10, and a length of L3. It is located between the rectangular middle plate 22 and the rectangular middle cover plate 122 and is fixed to the rectangular middle plate 22 with screws. There are N2 support rods 4 in total. The N2 support rods 4 are divided into two columns, and the number of each column is equal to N2 / 2. Along the central axis OO’, they are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the rectangular middle plate 22. The lateral spacing between the two columns of support rods 4 is equal to a1, and the spacing in the height direction of the support rods 4 in the same column is b11 (see Figure 5 (b)), and the spacing from the support rod 4 closest to the rectangular bottom plate 21 to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate 21 is b12 (see Figure 3 ), and the distance from the support rod 4 closest to the rectangular upper plate 23 to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate 23 is equal to b12 (see Figure 5 (b)).

[0049] The slotted waveguide 2 of the present invention radiates the microwave output by the high-power microwave source. The dielectric cover 1 wraps the slotted waveguide 2 in the dielectric cover 1. The dielectric cover 1 is filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas, which can achieve good airtightness, isolate the slotted waveguide 2 from the external environment, and can withstand a low temperature of -50°C and a high temperature of 50°C at the same time.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] The following presents the specific design dimensions of a high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna for a dielectric cover in the C-band (frequency range: 4 - 8 GHz, corresponding microwave wavelength range: 75.00 - 37.50 mm): (minimum frequency fmin = 4 GHz, maximum frequency fmax = 8 GHz).

[0052] To ensure that X-band microwaves are transmitted in the slotted waveguide 2 in the TE 10 mode, it is necessary to adjust the width a1 and height b13 of the slotted waveguide 2. After preliminary selection, the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit is used for optimization, resulting in a1 = 28 mm and b13 = 49.5 mm; the width a1 of the rectangular bottom plate 21 is 28 mm, the height b1 is 1.5 mm, and the length L1 is 525 mm; the width a2 of the rectangular middle plate 22 is 1.5 mm, the height b2 is 45 mm, and the length L1 is 525 mm; the width a1 of the rectangular bottom plate 21 is 28 mm, the height b3 is 3 mm, and the length L1 is 525 mm; the width a3 of the rectangular channel 24 is 2.5 mm, the height b2 is 45 mm, and the length L1 is 525 mm.

[0053] The number K of waveguide slots 25 is 20, the width w is 28, the length L4 is 9 mm, the inclination angle θ is 5°, the depth c is 3.5 mm, the axial spacing p1 between adjacent waveguide slots 25 is 25 mm, the axial spacing s2 from the waveguide slot 25 closest to the front cover 11 to the O end face of the slotted waveguide 2 is 25 mm, and the axial spacing s2 from the waveguide slot 25 closest to the rear cover 13 to the O' end face of the slotted waveguide 2 is 25 mm.

[0054] The number N1 of support columns 3 is 3, the diameter d is 6 mm, the height h is 16.1 mm, the axial spacing p2 between adjacent support columns 3 is 174 mm, and the axial spacing s4 from the support column 3 closest to the rear cover 13 to the rear cover 13 is 11 mm. The number N2 of support rods 4 is 4, the width a6 is 1.9 mm, the height b10 is 1.8 mm, the length L3 is 526.5 mm, the lateral spacing a1 between two columns of support rods 4 (two in one column) is 28 mm, the height direction spacing b11 of support rods 4 in the same column is 17.1 mm, the height direction spacing b12 from the support rod 4 closest to the rectangular bottom plate 21 to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate 21 is 16.2 mm, and the longitudinal distance b12 from the support rod 4 closest to the rectangular upper plate 23 to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate 23 is 16.2 mm.

[0055] To ensure that the dielectric cover 1 completely wraps the slotted waveguide 2 and guarantees the sealing performance of the dielectric cover 1 while minimizing the impact on the slotted waveguide 2 as much as possible, it is necessary to adjust the width a4 and height b7 of the dielectric cover 1, the thickness s0 of the front cover 11, and the depth s1 of the first annular groove 111. After preliminary selection, the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit is used for optimization, and the results are a4 = 35.8 mm, b7 = 70.6 mm, s0 = 6.5 mm, s1 = 5 mm; the width a4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 is 35.8 mm, the height b4 is 2 mm, and the length L2 is 536.5 mm; the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate 122 is 2 mm, the height b5 is 65.6 mm, and the length L2 is 536.5 mm; the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate 123 is 35.8 mm, the height b6 is 3 mm, and the length L2 is 536.5 mm; the width a4 of the front cover 11 is 35.8 mm, the height b7 is 70.6 mm, and the thickness s0 is 6.5 mm; the width a4 of the first groove 111 is 35.8 mm, the height b4 is 2 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a5 of the second groove 112 is 2 mm, the height b5 is 65.6 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a5 of the third groove 113 is 2 mm, the height b5 is 65.6 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a4 of the fourth groove 114 is 35.8 mm, the height b6 is 3 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a3 of the rectangular through groove 115 is 25 mm, the height b3 is 3 mm, and the depth s0 is 6.5 mm. The distance a7 from the left surface of the rectangular through groove 115 to the left surface of the front cover 11 is 5.4 mm; the width a4 of the rear cover 13 is 35.8 mm, the height b7 is 70.6 mm, and the thickness s0 is 6.5 mm; the width a4 of the fifth groove 131 is 35.8 mm, the height b4 is 2 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a5 of the sixth groove 132 is 2 mm, the height b5 is 65.6 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a5 of the seventh groove 133 is 2 mm, the height b5 is 65.6 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the width a4 of the eighth groove 134 is 35.8 mm, the height b6 is 3 mm, and the depth s1 is 5 mm; the axial distance s3 from the rear cover 13 to the O'-end face of the slotted waveguide 2 is 1.5 mm.

[0056] The chamfer radius r1 of the inner surface at the connection of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 and the two rectangular middle cover plates 122 is 1.5 mm, the chamfer radius r2 of the outer surface at the connection of the rectangular bottom cover plate 121 and the two rectangular middle cover plates 122 is 3 mm, the chamfer radius r3 of the inner surface at the connection of the rectangular upper cover plate 123 and the two rectangular middle cover plates 122 is 5 mm, and the chamfer radius r4 of the outer surface at the connection of the rectangular upper cover plate 123 and the two rectangular middle cover plates 122 is 7 mm; the chamfer radius r1 of the inner side surface close to O at the connection of the first groove 111 and the second groove 112 is 1.5 mm, and the chamfer radius r2 of the outer side surface far from O is 3 mm; the chamfer radius r1 of the inner side surface close to O at the connection of the first groove 111 and the third groove 113 is 1.5 mm, and the chamfer radius r2 of the outer side surface far from O is 3 mm; the chamfer radius r3 of the inner side surface close to O at the connection of the fourth groove 114 and the second groove 112 is 5 mm, and the chamfer radius r4 of the outer side surface far from O is 7 mm; the chamfer radius r3 of the inner side surface close to O at the connection of the fourth groove 114 and the third groove 113 is 5 mm, and the chamfer radius r4 of the outer side surface far from O is 7 mm; the chamfer radius r1 of the inner side surface close to O' at the connection of the fifth groove 131 and the sixth groove 132 is 1.5 mm, and the chamfer radius r2 of the outer side surface far from O' is 3 mm; the chamfer radius r1 of the inner side surface close to O' at the connection of the fifth groove 131 and the seventh groove 133 is 1.5 mm, and the chamfer radius r2 of the outer side surface far from O' is 3 mm; the chamfer radius r3 of the inner side surface close to O' at the connection of the eighth groove 134 and the sixth groove 132 is 5 mm, and the chamfer radius r4 of the outer side surface far from O' is 7 mm; the chamfer radius r3 of the inner side surface close to O' at the connection of the eighth groove 134 and the seventh groove 133 is 5 mm, and the chamfer radius r4 of the outer side surface far from O' is 7 mm.

[0057] Figure 8 is the two-dimensional radiation pattern of Embodiment 1 of the present invention at a working frequency of 4.3 GHz. Figure 8 The abscissa is the gain of the antenna, with the unit of dBi, and the ordinate theta is the antenna elevation scan angle, with the unit of degree. As Figure 8 shown, the red line represents the two-dimensional radiation pattern when the phase Phi = 0°, and the blue line represents the two-dimensional radiation pattern when the phase Phi = 90°. As Figure 8 shown, the gains of Embodiment 1 at the phases Phi = 0° and Phi = 90° are both higher than 25 dBi. As Figure 8 shown, the gain of Embodiment 1 at 4.3 GHz is relatively high.

Claims

1. A high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover, characterized in that The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover is composed of a dielectric cover (1), a slotted waveguide (2), a support column (3), and a support rod (4); the dielectric cover (1) wraps the slotted waveguide (2), and the support column (3) and the support rod (4) are located between the dielectric cover (1) and the slotted waveguide (2); the high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover is defined as having an end close to a microwave source as an input end and an end far from the microwave source as an output end; the open end of the dielectric cover (1) is adjacent to the microwave source. The dielectric cover (1) is connected to an input port of a high-power waveguide slot array antenna with a dielectric cover, and the other end is a closed structure; the dielectric cover (1) is composed of a front cover (11), a main body cover (12), and a rear cover (13); the front cover (11) is located at the front end surface of the main body cover (12), and the rear cover (13) is located at the rear end surface of the main body cover (12); the front cover (11) and the rear cover (13) seal the main body cover (12) so that the dielectric cover (1) becomes a closed structure; sulfur hexachloride gas is filled in the dielectric cover (1); The slotted waveguide (2) is connected to the front cover (11) by rivets; the slotted waveguide (2) is composed of three parts, namely, a rectangular bottom plate (21), two rectangular middle plates (22), and a rectangular upper plate (23); the rectangular bottom plate (21), the two rectangular middle plates (22), and the rectangular upper plate (23) together form a rectangular channel (24); a central axis OO' of the rectangular channel (24) is drawn along the input to output direction, point O is on the input end surface, and point O' is on the rear cover (13); a longitudinal axis CC' is drawn through point O on the input end surface, CC' is perpendicular to the rectangular bottom plate (21), the end away from the rectangular bottom plate (21), namely, the C end, is the upper end, and the end close to the rectangular bottom plate (21), namely, the C' end, is the lower end; a transverse axis DD' is drawn through point O on the input end surface, the transverse axis DD' is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis CC', the D end is the left end, and the D' end is the right end; The rectangular bottom plate (21) is a rectangular plate, with a width equal to the width a1 of the slotted waveguide (2), a height b1, and a length L1; the lower surfaces of the two rectangular middle plates (22) are welded to the left and right ends of the upper surface of the rectangular bottom plate (21) along the direction of the central axis OO' and symmetrically about the central axis OO'; the rectangular middle plate (22) is a rectangular plate, with a width a2, a height b2, and a length equal to L1; the lower surface of the rectangular upper plate (23) is welded to the two rectangular middle plates along the direction of the central axis OO' (22); the rectangular upper plate (23) is a rectangular parallelepiped plate with a width equal to a1, a height equal to b3, and a length equal to L1; the rectangular bottom plate (21), two rectangular middle plates (22), and the rectangular upper plate (23) together form a rectangular channel (24); the surface of the rectangular bottom plate (21), the two rectangular middle plates (22), and the rectangular upper plate (23) close to the axis OO' is the inner surface; the rectangular channel (24) has a width of a3, a height equal to b2, and a length equal to L1, and a3 = a1-2*a2; The rectangular upper plate (23) is provided with waveguide slots (25) along the CC' direction; the waveguide slots (25) are rectangular, with a total of K, a length of L4, a width of w, and an angle θ with the DD' axis. On the rectangular upper plate (23), the waveguide slots (25) closest to O are deflected θ away from the O direction, and the next waveguide slot (25) is deflected θ close to the O direction, and are arranged in a staggered manner on the rectangular upper plate (23); the waveguide slots (25) are arranged from the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate (23) to the adjacent waveguide slots (25). A groove is formed in the direction of the rectangular bottom plate (21), the groove depth is c, c>b3, the waveguide slot (25) is connected to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate (23) and the rectangular channel (24); the axial spacing between adjacent waveguide slots (25) is p1, the axial spacing between the waveguide slot (25) closest to the front cover (11) and the slotted waveguide (2) near the end face O is s2, and the axial spacing between the waveguide slot (25) closest to the rear cover (13) and the slotted waveguide (2) near the end face O' is equal to s2; The support columns (3) are cylindrical, with a total of N1, a diameter of d, and a height of h; the N1 support columns (3) are distributed along the central axis OO' direction and are fixed to the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate (23) by screws; the axial spacing between adjacent support columns (3) is p2, and the axial spacing between the support column (3) closest to the rear cover (13) and the rear cover (13) is s4; The main body cover (12) is composed of three parts: a rectangular bottom cover plate (121), two rectangular middle cover plates (122), and a rectangular upper cover plate (123), all of which are made of glass fiber reinforced plastics; the rectangular bottom cover plate (121) is welded to the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate (21) symmetrically about the OO' axis; the rectangular bottom cover plate (121) is a rectangular parallelepiped plate with a width of a4, a height of b4, and a length of L2; the two rectangular middle cover plates (122) are welded to the left and right ends of the upper surface of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121) symmetrically about the central axis OO'; the rectangular middle cover plate (122) is a rectangular parallelepiped plate , with a width of a5, a height of b5, and a length equal to L2; the rectangular upper cover plate (123) is welded flat on the upper surfaces of the two rectangular middle cover plates (122), the rectangular upper cover plate (123) is a rectangular parallelepiped plate, with a width equal to a4, a height of b6, and a length equal to L2; the surfaces of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121), the two rectangular middle cover plates (122), and the rectangular upper cover plate (123) close to the axis OO' are the inner surfaces; the distance between the inner surface of the rectangular middle cover plate (122) and the outer surface of the adjacent rectangular middle plate (22) is a6, 2*a6+2*a5+a1=a4; The front cover (11) is a convex metal cuboid with a width equal to a4, a height equal to b7, and a thickness equal to s0. The front cover (11) has four rectangular grooves dug from the edge to the direction close to the central axis OO' in the four directions of top, bottom, left, and right on the end surface away from O. The rectangular groove near C' below is the first groove (111). The width of the first groove (111) is equal to the width of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121). The height of the first groove (111) is equal to the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121). The rectangular groove near D on the left is the second groove (112). The width of the second groove (112) is equal to the width of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121). The second groove (112) is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122), and the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122); the rectangular groove on the left side close to D' is the third groove (113), the width of the third groove (113) is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122), and the height of the third groove (113) is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122); the rectangular groove on the upper side close to C is the fourth groove (114), the width of the fourth groove (114) is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate (123), and the height of the fourth groove (114) is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate The height b6 of the first groove (111), the second groove (112), the third groove (113) and the fourth groove (114) are equal in depth, all being s1; the first groove (111), the second groove (112), the third groove (113) and the fourth groove (114) are interconnected; the front cover (11) is provided with a rectangular through groove (115) along the central axis OO' direction from the microwave input end face, which is connected to the rectangular channel (24); the width of the rectangular through groove (115) is equal to the width a3 of the rectangular channel (24), and the height of the rectangular through groove (115) is equal to the width a3 of the rectangular channel (24). 4) a height of b3 and a depth of s0; a distance between the lower surface of the rectangular through slot (115) and the lower surface of the front cover (11) of b8; a distance between the upper surface of the rectangular through slot (115) and the upper surface of the front cover (11) of b9; a distance between the left surface of the rectangular through slot (115) and the left surface of the front cover (11) of a7; a distance between the right surface of the rectangular through slot (115) and the right surface of the front cover (11) of a7; an end surface of the front cover (11) away from O is fixedly connected to the end surfaces of the bottom cover plate (121), the middle cover plate (122) and the upper cover plate (123) of the main cover (12) by screws; The rear cover (13) is a convex metal cuboid, with a width equal to a4 and a height equal to b7. The rear cover (13) has four rectangular grooves dug from the edge to the direction close to the central axis OO' in the four directions of top, bottom, left and right on the end face away from O'. The rectangular groove near C' below the rear cover (13) is a fifth groove (131). The width of the fifth groove (131) is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121). The height of the fifth groove (131) is equal to the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121). The rectangular groove near D on the right is a sixth groove (132). The width of the sixth groove (132) is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122). The height of the sixth groove (132) is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122). The rectangular groove near D' on the right is a seventh groove (133). The width of the seventh groove (133) is equal to the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122). The height of the eighth groove (134) is equal to the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122); the rectangular groove on the upper side close to C is the eighth groove (134); the width of the eighth groove (134) is equal to the width a4 of the rectangular upper cover plate (123); the height of the eighth groove (134) is equal to the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate (123); the fifth groove (131), the sixth groove (132), the seventh groove (133) and the eighth groove (134) have the same depth, which is s 1; the fifth groove (131), the sixth groove (132), the seventh groove (133) and the eighth groove (134) are interconnected; the axial distance from the rear cover (13) to the end face of the slotted waveguide (2) close to O' is s3, satisfying L2=L1+2*s1+s3; the end face of the rear cover (13) away from O' is fixedly connected to the end face of the bottom cover plate (121), the middle cover plate (122) and the upper cover plate (123) of the main cover (12) close to O' by screws; The support rod (4) is a rectangular parallelepiped with a width of a6, a height of b10 and a length of L3. The support rod (4) is located between the rectangular middle plate (22) and the rectangular middle cover plate (122) and is fixed to the rectangular middle plate (22) by screws. There are a total of N2 support rods (4), which are divided into two rows, with the number of support rods in each row being equal to N2 / 2. The support rods (4) are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the rectangular middle plate (22) along the direction of the central axis OO'. The lateral spacing between the two rows of support rods (4) is equal to a1. The height spacing of the support rods (4) in the same row is b11. The spacing between the support rod (4) closest to the rectangular bottom plate (21) and the lower surface of the rectangular bottom plate (21) is b12. The distance between the support rod (4) closest to the rectangular upper plate (23) and the upper surface of the rectangular upper plate (23) is equal to b12.

2. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The front cover (11), the main cover (12) and the rear cover (13) of the dielectric cover (1) are made of glass fiber reinforced plastics; the rectangular bottom plate (21), the two rectangular middle plates (22) and the rectangular upper plate (23) of the slotted waveguide (2) are all made of metal materials; the support column (3) and the support rod (4) are all made of glass fiber reinforced plastics.

3. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The connection between the rectangular bottom cover plate (121) and the two rectangular middle cover plates (122) is rounded, with the inner surface chamfer radius being r1 and the outer surface chamfer radius being r2; the connection between the rectangular upper cover plate (123) and the two rectangular middle cover plates (122) is rounded, with the inner surface chamfer radius being r3 and the outer surface chamfer radius being r4; the connection between the first groove (111) and the second groove (112) is rounded, with the inner surface chamfer radius close to O being r1 and the outer surface chamfer radius away from O being r2; the connection between the first groove (111) and the third groove (113) is rounded, with the inner surface chamfer radius close to O being r1 and the outer surface chamfer radius away from O being r2; the connection between the fourth groove (114) and the second groove (112) is rounded, with the inner surface chamfer radius close to O being r3 and the outer surface chamfer radius away from O being r4; the fourth groove (114) and the third groove The connection of (113) is rounded, the inner side surface chamfer radius close to O is equal to r3, and the outer side surface chamfer radius away from O is equal to r4; the connection of the fifth groove (131) and the sixth groove (132) is rounded, the inner side surface chamfer radius close to O' is equal to r1, and the outer side surface chamfer radius away from O' is equal to r2; the connection of the fifth groove (131) and the seventh groove (133) is rounded, the inner side surface chamfer radius close to O' is equal to r1, and the outer side surface chamfer radius away from O' is equal to r2; the connection of the eighth groove (134) and the sixth groove (132) is rounded, the inner side surface chamfer radius close to O' is equal to r3, and the outer side surface chamfer radius away from O' is equal to r4; the connection of the eighth groove (134) and the seventh groove (133) is rounded, the inner side surface chamfer radius close to O' is equal to r3, and the outer side surface chamfer radius away from O' is equal to r4; and r4>r3>r2>r1 is satisfied.

4. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The width a1 of the slotted waveguide (2) satisfies λ0 / 2 < a1 < λ0, the height b13 < λ0 / 2, where λ0 is the wavelength in free space; the height b1 of the rectangular bottom plate (21) is equal to the height b3 of the rectangular upper plate (23), and is smaller than the height b2 of the rectangular middle plate, satisfying b2 > b3 > b1 > 0; the sum of the height b1 of the rectangular bottom plate (21), the height b2 of the rectangular middle plate (22), and the height b3 of the rectangular upper plate (23) is equal to the height b13 of the slotted waveguide (2), that is, b1 + b2 + b3 = b13; the width a2 of the rectangular middle plate (22) and the width a3 of the rectangular channel satisfy 2*a2 + a3 = a1; under the condition of satisfying the transmission of microwave TE 10 mode, the exact values of a1, a2, a3, b1, b2, b3, and b13 are obtained by simulating with the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit; the length L1 of the slotted waveguide (2) satisfies L1 = (K - 1)*p1 + 2*s2.

5. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The width a4 of the dielectric cover (1), the height b7 of the dielectric cover (1), the height b4 of the rectangular bottom cover plate (121), the width a5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122), the height b5 of the rectangular middle cover plate (122), and the height b6 of the rectangular upper cover plate are calculated using electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio under the conditions that b4+b5+b6=b7, a4>a1>a5, b7>b5>b6>b4. Suit simulation obtains the precise values ​​of a4, a5, b4, b5, b6 and b7; the thickness s0 of the front cover (11) is greater than 5 mm, the depths s1 of the first groove (111), the second groove (112), the third groove (113) and the fourth groove (114) are greater than 3 mm, and the axial distance s3 from the rear cover (13) to the end face of the slotted waveguide (2) close to O' is less than 2 mm; the thickness of the rear cover (13) is equal to the thickness s0 of the front cover (11); the length L0 of the dielectric cover (1) is equal to L2+2*(s0-s1)=L1+s3+2*s0.

6. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The normalized equivalent conductance of each waveguide slot (25) is Where S 1,1 is the reflection coefficient of the input port of the high-power waveguide slot array antenna with a dielectric cover obtained by simulation of the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit when the waveguide slot is in a resonant state; the mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of K waveguide slots (25) and the length L4 of the waveguide slot (25) is obtained by simulation of the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit; the size of the normalized equivalent conductance is changed by changing the inclination angle θ of the waveguide slot (25), and the depth c of the waveguide slot (25) cut into the wide side is adjusted to make the slot in a resonant state; the mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of K waveguide slots (25) and the inclination angle θ of the waveguide slot (25) is obtained by simulation of the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit; the mathematical relationship between the normalized resonant conductance g of K waveguide slots (25) and the depth c of the waveguide slot (25) is obtained by simulation of the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit; the axial spacing p1 of adjacent waveguide slots (25) is equal to λ g / 2, the axial spacing s2 between the waveguide slot (25) closest to the front cover (11) and the slotted waveguide (2) close to the end face O is equal to λ g / 2,λ g is the operating wavelength of the slotted waveguide (2).

7. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The height h of the support column (3) satisfies h + b13 = b5, and the diameter d satisfies a3 > d > a7; the axial spacing s4 between the support column (3) closest to the rear cover (13) and the rear cover (13) satisfies (s4 - s3) * 2 = s2, s4 < s2 < p2; the number N1 of support columns (3) = (L0 - s0 - s4) / p2; b13 is the height of the slotted waveguide (2); the axial spacing P2 between adjacent support columns (3) satisfies the function of the support medium cover (1) while reducing the influence on the slotted waveguide (2).

8. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The width a6 of the support rod (4) satisfies a1 + 2 * a6 + 2 * a5 = a4 and a4 > a1 > a5 > a6, the height b10 and the longitudinal spacing b11 of the support rods (4) in the same column satisfy b7 > b5 > b11 > b6 > b4 > b10; the number N2 of support rods (4) = 2 * ((b13 - 2 * b12) / b11 + 1); the length L3 of the support rod (4) = L1 + s3.

9. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with a dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The distance b8 from the lower surface of the rectangular through - slot (115) to the lower surface of the front cover (11) = b1 + b4, the distance b9 from the upper surface of the rectangular through - slot (115) to the upper surface of the front cover (11) = b3 + h + b6, and the distance a7 from the left surface of the rectangular through - slot (115) to the left surface of the front cover (11) = a2 + a5 + a6.

10. The high-power microwave rectangular waveguide slot antenna with dielectric cover as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that Through the electromagnetic simulation software CST Studio Suit, under the conditions of L1 = (K - 1) * p1 + 2 * s2, L2 = L1 + 2 * s1 + s3, L3 = L1 + s3, L0 = L2 + 2 * (s0 - s1) = L1 + s3 + 2 * s0, N1 = (L0 - s0 - s4) / p2, N2 = 2 * ((b13 - 2 * b12) / b11 + 1), sa2 + a3 + a2 = a1, a5 + a6 + a1 + a6 + a5 = a4, a2 + a5 + a6 = a7, b1 + b2 + b3 = b12 + b11 + b12 = b13, b4 + b5 + b6 = b2 + b8 + b9 = b7, b13 + h = b5, b1 + b4 = b8, b3 + b6 + h = b9, a4 > a1 > a3 > d > a7 > a5 > a6 > a2, λ0 / 2 < a1 < λ0, b13 < λ0 / 2, b1 > b2 > b3 > b4 > b5 > b6 > b7 > b8 > b9 > b10 > h > b11 > b13 > b13, r1 > r2 > r4 > r3, L0 > L2 > L3 > L1 > L4, s1 > s0 > s2 > s4 > s5, s0 > 5mm, s1 > 3mm, s3 < 2mm, set the antenna radiation efficiency to be greater than 99%, and obtain the exact values of the parameters K, N1, N2, L0, L1, L2, L3, L4, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8, b9, b10, b11, b12, b13, c, d, h, w, p1, p2, r1, r2, r3, r4, s0, s1, s2, s3, s4.

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