Signaling for measurement prediction modes

Abstract

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may send a capability communication to a network node, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE. The UE may receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The UE may send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements, the one or more predicted beam measurements being predicted using the measurement prediction mode. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications and, more particularly, to techniques and apparatus associated with signaling for measurement prediction modes. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. A typical wireless communication system may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources, such as bandwidth or transmit power. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and long term evolution (LTE). LTE / Advanced LTE is an enhanced collection of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standards promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0003] The above multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different UEs to communicate at the city, national, regional, or global level. New Radio (NR) (which may be referred to as 5G) is an enhanced collection of the LTE mobile standards promulgated by 3GPP. NR is designed to better support mobile broadband internet access by using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink, CP-OFDM or single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) (also referred to as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM)) on the uplink, and supporting beamforming, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation to improve spectral efficiency, reduce costs, improve services, utilize new spectrums, and better integrate with other open standards. With the continuous increase in the demand for mobile broadband access, further improvements to LTE, NR, and other radio access technologies remain useful.

[0004] In some examples, a user equipment (UE) and / or a network node may utilize artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) to facilitate one or more wireless communication functions. For example, an AI / ML model may be deployed at or on the UE. The AI / ML model may enable the UE to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on data input into the AI / ML model. For example, the AI / ML model may be trained to output predicted beam measurements based on one or more actual beam measurements provided as input to the AI / ML model. In some examples, the output of the AI / ML model may include predicted measurement values of a set of channel measurement resources (CMRs) associated with a future measurement occasion.

[0005] In some cases, the UE may operate using different measurement prediction modes. A "measurement prediction mode" may refer to operations performed by the UE associated with predicting one or more measurement values (e.g., using an AI / ML model). In some cases, different measurement prediction modes may be associated with different operations at the UE. Thus, when operating in different measurement prediction modes, the UE may have different levels of information associated with receive beams to be associated with different CMRs. However, the network node may not know the measurement prediction mode in which the UE is operating. In other words, the network node may not know which additional signaling or information to send to the UE to enable the UE to correctly activate an unknown transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state because the UE may have sent a measurement report indicating predicted measurement values of CMRs associated with an unknown TCI state, but the UE may not have receive beam information associated with the unknown TCI state. Thus, the network node may send an indication, and the UE may receive the indication, to switch to or activate the unknown TCI state. However, the network node may (e.g., incorrectly) assume that the UE has stored receive beam information for the unknown TCI state because the UE may have sent a measurement report indicating predicted measurement values of CMRs associated with the unknown TCI state. Thus, the network node may not send additional signaling (e.g., a downlink reference signal or receive beam information) associated with the unknown TCI state. In other words, the UE may not receive information enabling the UE to identify the receive beam to be associated with the unknown TCI state. This may cause the UE to be unable to receive signals using the unknown TCI state and / or may cause a performance degradation associated with signals associated with the unknown TCI state (e.g., because the UE may use a suboptimal receive beam to receive the signals). SUMMARY

[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication. The UE may include at least one memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is operative to cause the UE to send a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The at least one processor is operative to cause the UE to receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The at least one processor is operative to cause the UE to send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a network node for wireless communication. The network node may include at least one memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory. The at least one processor is operative to cause the network node to receive a capabilities communication associated with a UE, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The at least one processor is operative to cause the network node to send an indication for the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The at least one processor is operative to cause the network node to receive a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include: sending a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The method may include: receiving an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The method may include: sending a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network node. The method may include: receiving a capabilities communication associated with a UE, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The method may include: sending an indication for the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The method may include: receiving a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a UE. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to send a capability communication to a network node, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication by a network node. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive a capability communication associated with a UE, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to send an indication for the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The instruction set, when executed by one or more processors of the network node, may cause the network node to receive a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for sending a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the apparatus, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The apparatus may include components for receiving an indication from the network node to use a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes to report predicted beam measurements. The apparatus may include components for sending a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include components for receiving a capabilities communication associated with a UE, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The apparatus may include components for sending an indication to cause the UE to use a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes to report predicted beam measurements. The apparatus may include components for receiving a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0014] Aspects generally include methods, apparatuses, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, network nodes, network entities, wireless communication devices, or processing systems as fully described with reference to the drawings and the specification and illustrated in the drawings and the specification.

[0015] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples in accordance with the present disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The concepts and specific examples disclosed herein may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the characteristics (both as to their organization and method of operation) of the concepts disclosed herein, as well as the associated advantages, will be better understood. Each of the drawings provided is for the purpose of illustration and description only and is not a definition of the limits of the claims. Description of the Drawings

[0016] To enable a more specific understanding of the foregoing features of the present disclosure, a more detailed description, briefly summarized above, may be obtained by reference to the various aspects, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only some typical aspects of the present disclosure and are not to be considered as limiting its scope, as the description may admit to other equally effective aspects. The same reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0017] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a network node communicating with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of using beams for communication between a network node and a UE in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of activating a TCI state according to an activation time in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for radio access network (RAN) intelligence enabled by data collection in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam management based on artificial intelligence (AI) and / or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 8 is a diagram associated with an example related to signaling for a measurement prediction mode in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 9 is a diagram of an example associated with signaling for measuring a prediction mode according to the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process, such as performed by a UE supporting signaling for a measurement prediction mode, according to the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example process, such as performed by a network node supporting signaling for a measurement prediction mode, according to the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication according to the present disclosure, the apparatus supporting signaling for a measurement prediction mode.

[0029] Figure 13 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication according to the present disclosure, the apparatus supporting signaling for a measurement prediction mode. Detailed Description

[0030] Aspects of the present disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the present disclosure. For example, any number of the aspects set forth herein may be used to implement an apparatus or practice a method. In addition, the scope of the present disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method practiced using other structures, functionality, or a combination of structures and functionality in addition to or different from the aspects of the present disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect of the present disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.

[0031] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0032] Various aspects generally relate to signaling for measuring prediction patterns. Some aspects more specifically relate to user equipment (UE) transmission capability communication and network node reception capability communication, which indicate one or more measurement prediction patterns supported by the UE. In some aspects, the network node may send an indication, and the UE may receive an indication to use a measurement prediction pattern from the one or more measurement prediction patterns to report predicted beam measurements (e.g., predicted measurement values). The UE may send a measurement report, and the network node may receive a measurement report that indicates one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction pattern.

[0033] For example, before requesting the UE to send predicted beam measurement values for one or more channel measurement resources (CMRs) (e.g., one or more future measurement occasions), the UE may send capability communication that indicates one or more measurement prediction patterns supported by the UE. In some aspects, the capability communication may indicate a single measurement prediction pattern used by the UE. After sending the capability communication, the network node may send communication, and the UE may receive communication that requests the UE to report one or more predicted measurement values according to the indicated measurement prediction pattern (e.g., the single measurement prediction pattern used by the UE). Additionally, the network node may send additional signaling associated with the measurement prediction pattern, and the UE may receive additional signaling associated with the measurement prediction pattern, such as channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission and / or receive beam information associated with an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state.

[0034] The one or more measurement prediction patterns include at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction pattern associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmission for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction pattern associated with receiving CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction pattern associated with the unknown TCI state including receive beam information, etc.

[0035] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the techniques described can be used to enable a UE to operate in different measurement prediction modes while also ensuring that the UE receives sufficient signaling or information to select receive beams for different CMR or TCI states. For example, by signaling to the UE the measurement prediction modes used, supported, and / or preferred, a network node can activate an unknown TCI state (e.g., a TCI state associated with a CMR that is associated with predicted measurement values reported by the UE), and can send additional signals (e.g., one or more CSI-RS transmit or receive beam information) to enable the UE to identify the optimal receive beam to associate with the unknown TCI state.

[0036] Figure 1 FIG. is an illustration of an example of a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless network 100 can be a 5G (e.g., NR) network or a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, or can include elements of a 5G (e.g., NR) network or elements of a 4G (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE)) network, etc. The wireless network 100 can include one or more network nodes (NNs) 110 (shown as network node 110a, network node 110b, network node 110c, and network node 110d), one user equipment (UE) 120 or multiple UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a, UE 120b, UE 120c, UE 120d, and UE 120e), or other network entities. The network node 110 is an entity that communicates with the UE 120. As shown, the network node 110 can include one or more network nodes. For example, the network node 110 can be an aggregated network node, which means that the aggregated network node is configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). As another example, the network node 110 can be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station), which means that the network node 110 is configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more nodes, such as one or more central units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs).

[0037] In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with UE 120 via a radio access link, such as a RU. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a fronthaul link or a midhaul link, such as a DU. In some examples, network node 110 is or includes a network node that communicates with other network nodes 110 via a midhaul link or communicates with a core network via a backhaul link, such as a CU. In some examples, network node 110 (such as an aggregated network node 110 or a disaggregated network node 110) may include multiple network nodes, such as one or more RUs, one or more CUs, or one or more DUs. Network node 110 may include, for example, an NR network node, an LTE network node, a Node B, an eNB (e.g., in 4G), a gNB (e.g., in 5G), an access point, or a transmit receive point (TRP), a DU, a RU, a CU, a mobility element of the network, a core network node, a network element, network equipment, and / or a RAN node. In some examples, network nodes 110 may be interconnected with each other or with one or more other network nodes 110 in wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network via various types of fronthaul interfaces, midhaul interfaces, or backhaul interfaces, such as direct physical connections, air interfaces, or virtual networks.

[0038] Each network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a specific geographical area. In the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), depending on the context in which the term is used, the term "cell" may refer to the coverage area of network node 110 or the network node subsystem serving that coverage area.

[0039] Network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographical area (e.g., with a radius of several kilometers) and may allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographical area and may allow unrestricted access by UE 120 with a service subscription. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographical area (e.g., a residence) and may allow restricted access by UE 120 associated with that femto cell (e.g., UE 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG)). The network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. The network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. The network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or a home network node.

[0040] The wireless network 100 can be a heterogeneous network that includes different types of network nodes 110, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, or relay network nodes. These different types of network nodes 110 can have different transmission power levels, different coverage areas, or different impacts on interference in the wireless network 100. For example, a macro network node can have a high transmission power level (e.g., 5 watts to 40 watts), while pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes can have lower transmission power levels (e.g., 0.1 watt to 2 watts). In Figure 1 the example shown in Figure 1 , network node 110a can be a macro network node for macro cell 102a, network node 110b can be a pico network node for pico cell 102b, and network node 110c can be a femto network node for femto cell 102c. A network node can support one or more (e.g., three) cells. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographical area of a cell can move according to the location of a moving network node 110 (e.g., a mobile network node).

[0041] In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" can refer to an aggregated base station, a decomposed base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, or one or more of their components. For example, in some aspects, the "base station" or "network node" can refer to a CU, a DU, an RU, a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), and / or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" can refer to a single device configured to perform one or more functions (such as those described herein in connection with network node 110). In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" can refer to multiple devices configured to perform one or more functions. For example, in some distributed systems, each of multiple different devices (which can be located at the same geographical location or different geographical locations) can be configured to perform at least a part of a function, or to repeat at least a part of the function, and the term "base station" or "network node" can refer to any one or more of these different devices. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" can refer to one or more virtual base stations or one or more virtual base station functions. For example, in some aspects, two or more base station functions can be instantiated on a single device. In some aspects, the term "base station" or "network node" can refer to one base station function among base station functions, rather than another base station function. In this way, a single device can include more than one base station.

[0042] The network controller 130 may be coupled to or communicate with a set of network nodes 110 and may provide coordination and control for these network nodes 110. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network nodes 110 via a fronthaul communication link. The network nodes 110 may also communicate directly with each other or indirectly via a wireless or wired fronthaul communication link. In some aspects, the network controller 130 may be a CU or a core network device, or the network controller 130 may include a CU or a core network device.

[0043] In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographical area of the cell may move according to the location of the moving network nodes 110 (e.g., mobile network nodes). In some examples, the network nodes 110 may be interconnected with each other or interconnected to one or more other network nodes 110 or network nodes (not shown) in the wireless network 100 using any suitable transport network via various types of fronthaul interfaces (such as a direct physical connection or a virtual network).

[0044] The wireless network 100 may include one or more relay stations. A relay station is an entity that can receive a data transmission from an upstream station (e.g., network node 110 or UE 120) and forward the data transmission to a downstream station (e.g., UE 120 or network node 110). A relay station may be a UE 120 capable of relaying transmissions for other UEs 120. In Figure 1 the example shown, the network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and the UE 120d to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. A network node 110 that performs relay communication may be referred to as a relay station, a relay network node, or a relay.

[0045] The UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout the wireless network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. The UE 120 may include, for example, an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. The UE 120 may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet computer, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, a superbook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, smart jewelry (e.g., a smart ring or a smart bracelet)), an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, or a satellite radio), a vehicle component or sensor, a smart meter / sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, a UE function of a network node, or any other suitable device configured to communicate via a wireless medium.

[0046] Some UEs 120 may be considered as Machine Type Communication (MTC) or evolved or enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC) UEs. The MTC UE or eMTC UE may include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, sensors, meters, monitors, or location tags, which may communicate with network nodes, another device (e.g., a remote device), or some other entity. Some UEs 120 may be considered as Internet of Things (IoT) devices, or may be implemented as NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) devices. Some UEs 120 may be considered as customer premise equipment. The UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of the UE 120, such as a processor component or a memory component. In some examples, the processor component and the memory component may be coupled together. For example, the processor component (e.g., one or more processors) and the memory component (e.g., a memory) may be operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled.

[0047] Generally, any number of radio networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographical area. Each radio network 100 may support a specific RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies. The RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology or an air interface. The frequency may also be referred to as a carrier or a frequency channel. Each frequency in a given geographical area may support a single RAT to avoid interference between radio networks of different RATs. In some cases, an NR or 5G RAT network may be deployed.

[0048] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (e.g., shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly using one or more sidelink channels (e.g., without using the network node 110 as an intermediary for communicating with each other). For example, the UE 120 may communicate using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) protocols (e.g., which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocol, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocol, or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocol), or a mesh network. In such examples, the UE 120 may perform scheduling operations, resource selection operations, or other operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by the network node 110.

[0049] Devices of the wireless network 100 can communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which can be subdivided into various categories, bands, or channels by frequency or wavelength. For example, devices of the wireless network 100 can communicate using one or more operating bands. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a part of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, in various documents and articles, FR1 is usually (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs in connection with FR2. Although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the "millimeter wave" band, FR2 is usually (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in various documents and articles.

[0050] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as Frequency Range Designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). Bands within the FR3 range can inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus the characteristics of FR1 or FR2 can be effectively extended to the mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as Frequency Range Designation FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz - 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz - 300 GHz). Each of these higher bands is within the EHF band range.

[0051] Considering the above examples, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "sub-6 GHz" is used in this document, it can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" is used in this document, it can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a, or FR4-1, or FR5, or can be within the EHF band. It is conceivable that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, or FR5) can be modified, and the techniques described in this document apply to those modified frequency ranges.

[0052] In some aspects, the UE 120 may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may send a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; and send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0053] In some aspects, the network node 110 may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive a capabilities communication associated with a UE, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; send an indication for the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; and receive a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.

[0054] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node communicating with a UE in a wireless network according to the present disclosure. The network node may correspond to Figure 1 the network node 110. Similarly, the UE may correspond to Figure 1 the UE 120. The network node 110 may be equipped with a set of antennas 234a through 234t, such as T antennas (T≥1). The UE 120 may be equipped with a set of antennas 252a through 252r, such as R antennas (R≥1). Figure 2The network node 110 depicted includes one or more radio frequency components, such as antenna 234 and modem 232. In some examples, network node 110 may include an interface, communication component, or another component that facilitates communication with UE 120 or another network node. Some network nodes 110 may not include radio frequency components that facilitate direct communication with UE 120, such as one or more CUs or one or more DUs.

[0055] At network node 110, a transmit processor 220 may receive data destined for UE 120 (or a set of UEs 120) from a data source 212. The transmit processor 220 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 at least in part based on one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. Network node 110 may process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for the UE 120 at least in part based on the MCS selected for the UE 120 and may provide data symbols for the UE 120. The transmit processor 220 may process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI)) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, or upper layer signaling) and may provide overhead symbols and control symbols. The transmit processor 220 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signal (CRS) or demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) and synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal (PSS) or secondary synchronization signal (SSS)). A transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, control symbols, overhead symbols, or reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to a corresponding set of modems 232 (e.g., T modems) (shown as modems 232a through 232t). For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may process the corresponding output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) using the corresponding modulator component to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may also process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, or up-convert) the output sample stream using the corresponding modulator component to obtain a downlink signal. Modems 232a through 232t may transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via a corresponding set of antennas 234 (e.g., T antennas) (shown as antennas 234a through 234t).

[0056] At the UE 120, a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r) may receive downlink signals from the network node 110 or other network nodes 110, and may provide a set of received signals (e.g., R received signals) to a set of modems 254 (e.g., R modems) (shown as modems 254a through 254r). For example, each received signal may be provided to a demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of the modem 254. Each modem 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, or digitize) the received signal using the corresponding demodulator component to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) using the demodulator component to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain the received symbols from the modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide the detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, may provide the decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260, and may provide the decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280. The term "controller / processor" may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The channel processor may determine reference signal received power (RSRP) parameters, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameters, reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameters, or CQI parameters, etc. In some examples, one or more components of the UE 120 may be included in the housing 284.

[0057] The network controller 130 may include a communication unit 294, a controller / processor 290, and a memory 292. The network controller 130 may include, for example, one or more devices in the core network. The network controller 130 may communicate with the network node 110 via the communication unit 294.

[0058] One or more antennas (e.g., antennas 234a through 234t or antennas 252a through 252r) may include or may be included within one or more of the following: one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, etc. An antenna panel, antenna group, set of antenna elements, or antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings), a coplanar set of antenna elements, a non-coplanar set of antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled to one or more transmit or receive components (such as Figure 2 one or more components) of.

[0059] On the uplink, at the UE 120, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from the data source 262 and control information from the controller / processor 280 (e.g., for reports including RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, or CQI). The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by the modem 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM), and transmitted to the network node 110. In some examples, the modem 254 of the UE 120 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the UE 120 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna 252, the modem 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 280) and the memory 282 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein.

[0060] At the network node 110, the uplink signal from the UE 120 or other UEs may be received by the antenna 234, processed by the modem 232 (e.g., the demodulator component of the modem 232, shown as DEMOD), detected by the MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain the decoded data and control information transmitted via the UE 120. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to the data sink 239 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 240. The network node 110 may include a communication unit 244 and may communicate with the network controller 130 via the communication unit 244. The network node 110 may include a scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communication. In some examples, the modem 232 of the network node 110 may include a modulator and a demodulator. In some examples, the network node 110 includes a transceiver. The transceiver may include any combination of the antenna 234, the modem 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 220, or the TX MIMO processor 230. The transceiver may be used by a processor (e.g., the controller / processor 240) and the memory 242 to perform aspects of any of the methods described herein.

[0061] The controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, or Figure 2Any other component of may perform one or more techniques associated with signaling for measuring prediction patterns, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of UE 120, or Figure 2 any other component of may perform or direct, for example Figure 10 procedure 1000 of, Figure 11 procedure 1100 of, or the operation of other procedures as described herein. The memories 242 and 282 may store data and program code for network node 110 and UE 120, respectively. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions for wireless communication (e.g., code or program code). For example, when the one or more instructions are executed by one or more processors of network node 110 or UE 120 (e.g., directly executed, or after compilation, conversion, and / or interpretation), the one or more processors, UE 120, or network node 110 may be caused to perform or direct, for example Figure 10 procedure 1000 of, Figure 11 procedure 1100 of, or the operation of other procedures as described herein. In some examples, executing the instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, or interpreting the instructions, etc.

[0062] In some aspects, UE 120 includes components for sending a capability communication to a network node, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction patterns supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction patterns including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction pattern associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction pattern associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction pattern associated with the unknown TCI state including receiving beam information; components for receiving an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction pattern from the one or more measurement prediction patterns; and / or components for sending a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction pattern. The components for UE 120 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.

[0063] In some aspects, network node 110 includes components for receiving capability communication associated with a UE, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; components for transmitting an indication for the UE to use a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes to report predicted beam measurements; and / or components for receiving a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode. The components for network node 110 to perform the operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 220, TX MIMO processor 230, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.

[0064] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged in various ways with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, RAN nodes, core network nodes, network elements, base stations, or network equipment can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, access point (AP), TRP, or cell, etc.) or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as a stand-alone base station or monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station. A "network entity" or "network node" may refer to a disaggregated base station or one or more units of a disaggregated base station (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs).

[0065] A centralized base station (e.g., a centralized network node) may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node (e.g., within a single device or unit). A split base station (e.g., a split network node) may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more CUs, one or more DUs, or one or more RUs). In some examples, a CU may be implemented within a network node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other network nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may also be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU), etc.

[0066] Base station type operations or network designs may consider the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, split base stations may be utilized in an IAB network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)) to facilitate the scaling of a communication system by separating base station functionality into one or more units that can be deployed separately. A split base station may include functionality implemented across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as functionality implemented virtually for at least one unit, which can achieve flexibility in network design. Each unit of a split base station may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit of the split base station.

[0067] Figure 3 FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example split base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. The split base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that may communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 320 through one or more split control units (such as a near RT RIC 325 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 315 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 305, or both). The CU 310 may communicate with one or more Dus 330 via respective midhaul links (such as via an F1 interface). Each Du in the Dus 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via a respective fronthaul link. Each RU in the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via a respective radio frequency (RF) access link. In some embodiments, a UE 120 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 340.

[0068] Each unit in the unit (including Cu 310, Du 330, RU 340) and the near RT RIC 325, non-RT RIC 315, and SMO framework 305 may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces, and the one or more interfaces are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each unit in the unit or the associated processor or controller that provides instructions to one or more communication interfaces of the corresponding unit may be configured to communicate with one or more units in other units via the transmission medium. In some examples, each unit in the unit may include a wired interface and a wireless interface. The wired interface is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more units in other units through a wired transmission medium. The wireless interface may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), and the receiver, transmitter, or transceiver is configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more units in other units through a wireless transmission medium or perform both.

[0069] In some aspects, CU 310 may host one or more higher-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to convey signals to other control functions hosted by CU 310. CU 310 may be configured to handle user-plane functionality (e.g., central unit-user plane (CU-UP) functionality) and / or control-plane functionality (e.g., central unit-control plane (CU-CP) functionality). In some specific implementations, CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 310 may be implemented to communicate with DU 330 for network control and signaling.

[0070] Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, the DU 330 may host one or more of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the media access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers at least partially according to a functional split (such as the functional split defined by 3GPP). In some aspects, one or more high PHY layers may be implemented by one or more modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, and modulation and demodulation, etc. In some aspects, the DU 330 may also host one or more low PHY layers, which may be implemented by one or more modules for fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc. Each layer (which may also be referred to as a module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330 or with control functions hosted by the CU 310.

[0071] Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some deployments, the RU 340 controlled by the DU 330 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functionality or low PHY layer functionality, such as performing FFT, performing iFFT, digital beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, etc., based on a functional split (e.g., the functional split defined by 3GPP) such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU 340 may be operated to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120. In some embodiments, the real-time aspects and non-real-time aspects of the control plane communication and user plane communication with the RU 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable each DU 330 and CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture such as a vRAN architecture.

[0072] The SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and these dedicated physical resources can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 305 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, Cu 310, Du 330, RU 340, non-RT RIC 315, and near-RT RIC 325. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 311) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 305 can directly communicate with each RU in one or more RUs 340 via the corresponding O1 interface. The SMO framework 305 can also include a non-RT RIC 315 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 305.

[0073] The non-RT RIC 315 can be configured to include a logical function that can implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and update, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 325. The non-RT RIC 315 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 325 (such as via the A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 325 can be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) via data collection and actions, and this interface connects one or more CUs 310, one or more Dus 330, or both, and the O-eNB to the near-RT RIC 325.

[0074] In some specific implementations, to generate the AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 325, the non-RT RIC 315 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 325 and can be received at the SMO framework 305 or the non-RT RIC 315 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 315 or the near-RT RIC 325 may be configured to regulate RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 315 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 305 (such as reconfiguration via the O1 interface) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies).

[0075] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of using beams for communication between a network node and a UE according to the present disclosure. As Figure 4 shown, the network node 110 and the UE 120 can communicate with each other.

[0076] The network node 110 may transmit to the UE 120 located within the coverage area of the network node 110. The network node 110 and the UE 120 may be configured for beamforming communication, where the network node 110 may transmit in the direction of the UE 120 using a directional network node (network node) transmit beam (e.g., BS transmit beam), and the UE 120 may receive the transmission using a directional UE receive beam. Each NN transmit beam may have an associated beam ID, beam direction, or beam symbol, etc. The network node 110 may transmit downlink communication via one or more NN transmit beams 405.

[0077] UE 120 may attempt to receive a downlink transmission via one or more UE receive beams 410, which may be configured with different beamforming parameters at the receiving circuitry of UE 120. UE 120 may identify a specific NN transmit beam 405 (shown as NN transmit beam 405-A) and a specific UE receive beam 410 (shown as UE receive beam 410-A), which provide relatively good performance (e.g., which have an optimal channel quality for different combinations of the measured NN transmit beam 405 and UE receive beam 410). In some examples, UE 120 may send an indication of which NN transmit beam 405 UE 120 identifies as the preferred NN transmit beam, and network node 110 may select the preferred NN transmit beam for transmission to UE 120. Thus, UE 120 may obtain and maintain a beam pair link (BPL) (e.g., a combination of NN transmit beam 405-A and UE receive beam 410-A) with network node 110 for downlink communication, and may further refine and maintain the BPL according to one or more established beam refinement procedures.

[0078] Downlink beams (such as NN transmit beam 405 or UE receive beam 410) may be associated with a transmit configuration indication (TCI) state. The TCI state may indicate the directivity or characteristics of the downlink beam, such as one or more quasi-co-location (QCL) attributes of the downlink beam. QCL attributes may include, for example, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters, etc. In some examples, each NN transmit beam 405 may be associated with a synchronization signal block (SSB), and UE 120 may indicate the preferred NN transmit beam 405 by transmitting an uplink transmission in the resources of the SSB associated with the preferred NN transmit beam 405. A specific SSB may have an associated TCI state (e.g., for an antenna port or for beamforming). In some examples, network node 110 may indicate the downlink NN transmit beam 405 at least partially based on the antenna port QCL attributes that may be indicated by the TCI state. For different QCL types (e.g., QCL types for different combinations of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, or spatial reception parameters, etc.), the TCI state may be associated with a set of downlink reference signals (e.g., SSB, and non-periodic, periodic, or semi-persistent channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)). In the case where the QCL type indicates spatial reception parameters, the QCL type may correspond to the analog receive beamforming parameters of UE receive beam 410 at UE 120. Thus, UE 120 may select the corresponding UE receive beam 410 from the set of BPLs at least partially based on network node 110 indicating the NN transmit beam 405 via TCI indication.

[0079] The network node 110 may maintain a set of activated TCI states for downlink shared channel transmission and a set of activated TCI states for downlink control channel transmission. The set of activated TCI states for downlink shared channel transmission may correspond to the beams used by the network node 110 for downlink transmission on the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The set of activated TCI states for downlink control channel communication may correspond to the beams that the network node 110 may use for downlink transmission on the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) or in a control resource set (CORESET). The UE 120 may also maintain the set of activated TCI states for receiving downlink shared channel transmission and CORESET transmission. In the case of activating a TCI state for the UE 120, the UE 120 may have one or more antenna configurations that are at least partially based on the TCI state, and the UE 120 may not need to reconfigure the antennas or the antenna weighting configuration. In some examples, the set of activated TCI states for the UE 120 (e.g., the activated PDSCH TCI state and the activated CORESET TCI state) may be configured by a configuration message (such as a radio resource control (RRC) message).

[0080] Similarly, for uplink communication, the UE 120 may transmit in the direction of the network node 110 using a directional UE transmission beam, and the network node 110 may receive the transmission using a directional NN reception beam. Each UE transmission beam may have an associated beam ID, beam direction, or beam symbol, etc. The UE 120 may transmit uplink communication via one or more UE transmission beams 415.

[0081] Network node 110 may receive an uplink transmission via one or more NN receive beams 420 (e.g., BS receive beams). Network node 110 may identify a specific UE transmit beam 415 (shown as UE transmit beam 415-A) and a specific NN receive beam 420 (shown as NN receive beam 420-A) that provide relatively good performance (e.g., which has the optimal channel quality for the measured different combinations of UE transmit beam 415 and NN receive beam 420). In some examples, network node 110 may send an indication of which UE transmit beam 415 network node 110 identifies as the preferred UE transmit beam, and network node 110 may select the preferred UE transmit beam to transmit from UE 120. Thus, UE 120 and network node 110 may obtain and maintain a BPL for uplink communication (e.g., the combination of UE transmit beam 415-A and NN receive beam 420-A), and may further refine and maintain the BPL according to one or more established beam refinement procedures. Uplink beams (such as UE transmit beam 415 or NN receive beam 420) may be associated with a spatial relationship. The spatial relationship may indicate the directivity or characteristics of the uplink beam (similar to one or more QCL attributes), as described above.

[0082] For example, wireless communication devices (such as UEs and network nodes) may use beamforming to communicate with each other. The transmitting wireless communication device may generate a transmit beam to transmit a signal, such as by applying a spatial filter to a set of antennas. The receiving wireless communication device may generate a receive beam to receive a signal, such as by applying a spatial filter to a set of antennas.

[0083] The beams used for beamforming communication may need to be updated so that the transmit beam of the transmitting wireless communication device is aligned with the receive beam of the receiving wireless communication device. A RAT (such as 5G / NR) may provide a mechanism for indicating which beam to use to receive a particular communication. For example, 5G / NR may provide signaling for information identifying communication beams. In some aspects, the information may take the form of a TCI state. The TCI state (sometimes referred to as "TCI", where TCI may include one or more parameters of one or more TCI states) may indicate a set of parameters (referred to as quasi co-location (QCL) parameters, where the QCL parameter set is identified by a QCL type) and the source RS from which the parameter set is to be derived. For example, the TCI state may indicate that the antenna port for an RS (such as an SSB or CSI-RS) is quasi co-located with the antenna port for the corresponding communication. Thus, the receiving wireless communication device receiving the RS may infer the parameters for the corresponding communication. The QCL parameters may be referred to as QCL attributes.

[0084] The QCL types include QCL-Type A, which includes QCL parameters of Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread; QCL-Type B, which includes QCL parameters of Doppler shift and Doppler spread; QCL-Type C, which includes QCL parameters of mean delay and Doppler shift; and QCL-Type D, which includes spatial reception parameters.

[0085] A combination of RRC signaling, MAC signaling, and / or downlink control information (DCI) can be used to configure, activate, and select TCI states. For example, a network node can send RRC signaling that identifies multiple TCI states (in some aspects, up to 128 TCI states for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and up to 64 TCI states for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)). Each TCI state can identify a related cell and bandwidth part. After configuration, by default all TCI states are deactivated. For the PDSCH, the network node can send MAC signaling that activates a subset of the configured TCI states. The activated TCI states are available for selection for a particular communication. The network node can send DCI that indicates the TCI state to be used for a particular PDSCH resource allocation. Then, the UE can use the QCL parameters from the related TCI state to decode the PDSCH. For the PDCCH, the network node can send a MAC control element (MAC-CE) that activates a single TCI state for a particular control resource set. Then, the UE can use the QCL parameters from the single TCI state to decode the PDCCH received in the search space associated with the control resource set.

[0086] Activating a TCI state using MAC signaling can be associated with an activation time. The activation time is the length of time measured from when a MAC-CE (referred to herein as an activation signaling) indicating the TCI state for beam update is received until the UE has activated the TCI state. The length of the activation time can be a function of whether the TCI state is "known" to the UE. A TCI state is "known" to the UE if the following conditions are met during the period from the last transmission of the RS resource for the layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) measurement report for the target TCI state to the completion of the active TCI state switch, where the RS resource for the L1-RSRP measurement is the RS in the target TCI state or quasi co-located to the target TCI state: 1) The TCI state switch command (i.e., activation signaling) is received within 1280 milliseconds after the last transmission of the RS resource for beam reporting or measurement; 2) The UE has transmitted at least one L1-RSRP report for the target TCI state before the TCI state switch command; 3) The TCI state remains detectable during the TCI state switch period; 4) The SSB associated with the TCI state remains detectable during the TCI switch period (e.g., the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the TCI state ≥ -3 decibels (dB)). If any of the above conditions are not met, the TCI state may be "unknown" to the UE. In such examples, the TCI state may be referred to as an "unknown TCI state".

[0087] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating example 500 of activating a TCI state according to an activation time in accordance with the present disclosure. As Figure 5 shown, a UE (e.g., UE 120) and a network node (e.g., network node 110). Downlink transmissions are indicated by downward arrows, and uplink transmissions are indicated by upward arrows.

[0088] As Figure 5 shown, in a first operation 505, the network node may transmit an activation signaling (i.e., MAC-CE beam update, sometimes referred to as a MAC-CE activation command) via, for example, the PDSCH, and the UE may receive the activation signaling via, for example, the PDSCH. The activation signaling may indicate the TCI state to be activated for the UE. For example, the TCI state may be one of a plurality of configured TCI states ( Figure 5 not shown in the figure). The TCI state may be a known TCI state or an unknown TCI state (e.g., known or unknown to the UE). For example, the TCI state may or may not meet the conditions to be considered a known TCI state. The TCI state may be one of a set of TCI states activated for PDSCH selection, or the TCI state may be a TCI state activated for the PDCCH (e.g., for a control resource set).

[0089] In a second operation 510, the UE may send an acknowledgement of the activation signaling after a time interval denoted as T HARQ . For example, the UE may send hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback after the time interval.

[0090] In a third operation 515, the UE may activate a TCI state after a certain amount of time (e.g., may be authorized to activate the TCI state). This amount of time is referred to herein as the activation time. The activation time may be at least partially based on whether the TCI state is known to the UE. If the TCI state is known to the UE, the TCI state may be activated after a slot slot length, where T HARQ is the timing between downlink data transmission and acknowledgement, is the delay for applying the TCI state defined by the radio communication specification (e.g., 3 ms), T first-SSB is the time from when the UE decodes the MAC-CE to the first SSB transmission (where the SSB has a QCL-Type A or QCL-Type C relationship with the target TCI state), T SSB-proc TO = 2 ms, and if the target TCI state is not in the active TCI state list of the PDSCH, then TO k = 1, otherwise 0. The first SSB transmission may be sent to the UE in a fourth operation 520, and as described above, the MAC-CE is received by the UE in the first operation 505.

[0091] If the TCI state is unknown to the UE 120, then the TCI state may be activated after n + T HARQ +(3 ms + T L1-RSRP + TO k *(T first-SSB + T SSB-proc ) / NR slot length, where T L1-RSRP is the amount of time associated with the L1-RSRP measurement for receiving beam refinement, as defined by 3GPP or otherwise determined. For example, T L1-RSRP may be the L1-RSRP measurement delay. For CSI-RS-based L1-RSRP measurements, TO k may be equal to 1, and for SSB-based L1-RSRP measurements, TO k may be equal to 0 (e.g., where the TCI state transition is associated with QCL-Type D). For all other QCL types (e.g., other than QCL-Type D), TO kmay be equal to 1. For example, if the TCI state is associated with CSI-RS and the TCI state is unknown, the UE may measure the SSB to identify the QCL-Type A and / or QCL-Type C information for the CSI-RS. The UE may measure the CSI-RS (e.g., CSI-RS configured with repetition) to refine the receiving beam of the UE to be associated with the TCI state. T L1-RSRP The value of may be at least partially based on whether the TCI state is associated with the SSB or the CSI-RS. For example, a wireless communication standard (e.g., 3GPP) may define different T L1-RSRP values for the SBS and the CSI-RS. T L1-RSRP The value of may be defined by a wireless communication standard such as 3GPP or determined otherwise. In some examples, the value of T L1-RSRP may be at least partially based on the number of receiving beams associated with the UE (e.g., may be based on the maxNumberRxBeam capability reported by the UE). For example, the value of T L1-RSRP may be defined by 3GPP Technical Specification 38.133 version 17.7.0 section 9.5.4 or determined otherwise. For example, before switching to an unknown TCI state, the UE may expect to use a CSI-RS resource set configured with repetition for scheduling.

[0092] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture 600 of a functional framework for radio access network (RAN) intelligence enabled by data collection in accordance with the present disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may be implemented by further enhancing data collection with use cases and / or examples. For example, the principles or algorithms of RAN intelligence enabled by AI / ML and associated functional frameworks (e.g., input / output of optimized AI functionality and / or components for enabling AI) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of an AI-enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management, and / or coverage optimization, etc.). In one example, as shown in architecture 600, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities, such as a model training host 602, a model inference host 604, a data source 606, and a participant 608.

[0093] The model inference host 604 may be configured to run an AI / ML model based on inference data provided by the data source 606, and the model inference host 604 may use the inference data input to the participant 608 to generate an output (e.g., a prediction). The participant 608 may be an element or entity of the core network or the RAN. For example, the participant 608 may be a UE, a network node, a base station (e.g., a gNB), a CU, a DU, and / or an RU, etc. Additionally, the participant 608 may also depend on the type of task performed by the model inference host 604, the type of inference data provided to the model inference host 604, and / or the type of output generated by the model inference host 604. For example, if the output from the model inference host 604 is associated with beam management, the participant 608 may be a UE, a DU, or an RU. In other examples, if the output from the model inference host 604 is associated with Tx / Rx scheduling, the participant 608 may be a CU or a DU.

[0094] After the participant 608 receives the output from the model inference host 604, the participant 608 may determine whether to take an action based on the output. For example, if the participant 608 is a DU or an RU, and the output from the model inference host 604 is associated with beam management, the participant 608 may determine whether to change / modify the Tx / Rx beam based on the output. If the participant 608 determines an action based on the output, the participant 608 may indicate the action to at least one action entity 610. For example, if the participant 608 determines to change / modify the Tx / Rx beam for communication between the participant 608 and the action entity 610 (e.g., UE 120), the participant 608 may send a beam (re)configuration or beam switching indication to the action entity 610. The participant 608 may modify its Tx / Rx beam based on the beam (re)configuration, such as switching to a new Tx / Rx beam or applying different parameters to the Tx / Rx beam, etc. Another example is that the participant 608 may be a UE, and the output from the model inference host 604 may be associated with beam management. For example, the output may be one or more predicted measurement values for one or more beams. The participant 608 (e.g., the UE) may determine to send a measurement report (e.g., a layer 1 (L1) RSRP report) to the network node 110.

[0095] The data source 606 can also be configured to collect data that is used as training data for training the ML model or as inference data for feeding the inference operations of the ML model. For example, the data source 606 can collect data from one or more core networks and / or RAN entities (which may include the actor 610), and provide the collected data to the model training host 602 for ML model training. For example, after the actor 610 (e.g., UE 120) receives a beam configuration from the participant 608, the actor 610 can provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data source 606, where the performance feedback can be used by the model training host 602 to monitor or evaluate the ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to the participant 608 is accurate. In some examples, if the output provided by the participant 608 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold), the model training host 602 can determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via ML model deployment / update.

[0096] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an AI / ML-based beam management 700 according to the present disclosure. As Figure 7 shown, the AI / ML model 710 can be deployed at or on the UE 120. For example, a model inference host (such as a model inference host) can be deployed at or on the UE 120. The AI / ML model 710 can enable the UE 120 to determine one or more inferences or predictions based on the data input to the AI / ML model 710.

[0097] The AI / ML model 710 may include a neural network model or a neural network function. The neural network model or neural network function may be trained to output Y based on the input X. For example, as described elsewhere herein, the input X may be measurements of one or more beams (e.g., RSRP measurements). The output Y may be predicted measurements of one or more beams and / or one or more other beams (e.g., predicted future measurements). A neural network may be defined as a model structure and a set of parameters. The model structure may include a type of neural network (e.g., a convolutional neural network, a recurrent neural network, a feedforward neural network, a modular neural network, and / or another neural network), the number of layers associated with the neural network, and / or other architectural parameters associated with the neural network. The model structure may be associated with a model structure identifier. The model structure identifier may be a unique identifier (e.g., in a wireless network) such that network nodes, UEs, or other devices can identify the model structure. The model structure may be linked to or associated with a neural network function. The neural network function may be linked to or associated with the AI / ML model 710. In some examples, the AI / ML model 710 may include or be associated with multiple model structures. In some examples, the AI / ML model 710 may include a recurrent neural network, such as a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, etc.

[0098] In some examples, the AI / ML model 710 may be deployed or executed by the network node 110. For example, the network node 110 may train and / or configure the AI / ML model 710 (e.g., may select the model structure and / or identify the set of parameters). The network node 110 may receive one or more measurements associated with a first set of beams from the UE 120. The network node 110 may provide the one or more measurements as an input to the AI / ML model 710. The output of the AI / ML model 710 may include predicted measurements associated with the first set of beams and / or predicted measurements associated with a second set of beams. In other examples, the AI / ML model 710 may be deployed or executed by the UE 120. For example, the network node 110 may train and / or configure the AI / ML model 710. The network node 110 may send the configuration of the AI / ML model 710, and the UE 120 may receive the configuration of the AI / ML model (e.g., may receive an indication of the model structure and the set of parameters).

[0099] For example, in a first operation 715, the input to the AI / ML model 710 may include measurements associated with a first set of beams. For example, the network node 110 may transmit one or more signals using respective beams from the first set of beams. The UE 120 may perform measurements on the first set of beams (e.g., L1 RSRP measurements or other measurements) to obtain a first set of measurements. For example, each beam from the first set of beams may be associated with one or more measurements performed by the UE 120. The UE 120 may input the first set of measurements (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values) into the AI / ML model 710 together with information associated with the first set of beams and / or a second set of beams, such as beam directions (e.g., spatial directions), beam widths, beam shapes, and / or other characteristics of the respective beams from the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams.

[0100] In a second operation 720, the AI / ML model 710 may output one or more predictions. The one or more predictions may include predicted measurement values (e.g., predicted L1 RSRP measurement values) associated with the first set of beams and / or the second set of beams. For example, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be the same set of beams, may include one or more common beams, or may be mutually exclusive sets of beams. This may reduce the number of beam measurements performed by the UE 120, thereby saving power of the UE 120 and / or network resources that would otherwise be used to measure all the beams included in the first set of beams and the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction. In an example where the first set of beams and the second set of beams are the same set of beams, the prediction may be referred to as time domain selection or prediction. As used herein, "predicted beam measurement" and "predicted measurement value" may be used interchangeably. For example, "predicted beam measurement" may refer to a predicted L1-RSRP value or a predicted L1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, etc.

[0101] For another example, the output of the AI / ML model 710 may include the point directions, angles of departure (AoD) and / or angles of arrival (AoA) of the beams included in the second set of beams. This type of prediction may be referred to as non-codebook-based spatial domain selection or prediction. For another example, multiple measurement reports or measurements collected at different time points may be input into the AI / ML model 710. This may enable the AI / ML model 710 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions such as measurements, AoD, and / or AoA of the beams at future times. As described herein, the output of the AI / ML model 710 may facilitate initial access procedures, secondary cell group (SCG) setup procedures, beam refinement procedures (e.g., P2 beam management procedures or P3 beam management procedures), link quality or interference adaptation procedures, beam failure and / or beam blockage prediction, and / or radio link failure prediction, etc.

[0102] In some examples, the first set of beams may be referred to as set B beams, and the second set of beams may be referred to as set A beams. In some examples, the first set of beams (e.g., set B beams) may be a subset of the second set of beams (e.g., set A beams). In some other examples, the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, the first set of beams (e.g., set B beams) may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that meets a first threshold), and the second set of beams (e.g., set A beams) may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that meets a second threshold). In one example, the AI / ML model 710 may perform spatial domain downlink beam prediction on the beams included in set A beams based on the measurement results of the beams included in set B beams. For another example, the AI / ML model 710 may perform temporal downlink beam prediction on the beams included in set A beams based on the historical measurement results of the beams included in set B beams.

[0103] In some examples, the measurement values reported (e.g., by UE 120) to network node 110 can be associated with channel measurement resources (CMRs). A CMR can be a resource configured for UE 120 to perform channel measurements. In some examples, a CMR can include a synchronization signal block (SSB) and / or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) (e.g., non-zero power CSI-RS (NZP-CSI-RS)), etc. For example, a CMR can be configured with a period at which the CMR will be transmitted and / or measured (e.g., a CMR can be configured with a measurement period of 20 milliseconds, indicating that UE 120 measures the CMR every 20 milliseconds). At a given measurement occasion of a given CMR (e.g., the time when UE 120 performs measurements), UE 120 can select (e.g., from M received beams associated with UE 120) a received beam of UE 120 for measuring the CMR. UE 120 can select the received beam based on one or more observations performed by UE 120, such as previous filtered measurements and / or previous received beams used by UE 120, etc. In some examples, UE 120 can use an AI / ML model to select the received beam. The measurement obtained from measuring the CMR using the received beam can be a measurement for a beam pair that includes a beam associated with the CMR (e.g., the transmit beam of network node 110 associated with the CMR) and the received beam. This measurement can be referred to as an instantaneous measurement (e.g., an instantaneous RSRP measurement). In some examples, the output of the AI / ML model 710 can include predicted measurement values associated with a given CMR.

[0104] UE 120 can compute a filtered RSRP value for a given CMR. The filtered RSRP value can indicate an estimated optimal measurement value (e.g., an estimated optimal RSRP) associated with an estimated optimal received beam of UE 120. UE 120 can compute the filtered RSRP value based on instantaneous measurements of the given CMR at one or more previous measurement occasions (e.g., associated with different received beams). UE 120 can send a measurement report to network node 110 that indicates one or more highest filtered measurement values computed by UE 120. For example, UE 120 can indicate one or more highest filtered measurement values and the corresponding CMR identifiers of the CMRs associated with the one or more highest filtered measurement values. UE 120 may not include information associated with the received beam used by UE 120 in the measurement report. In other words, UE 120 may not indicate received beam codebook implementation information to network node 110. Instead, UE 120 can store an indication of the received beam associated with the corresponding CMR and can use the received beam to measure the CMR and / or a downlink signal having a QCL relationship with the CMR.

[0105] In some cases, the UE may operate using different measurement prediction modes. A "measurement prediction mode" may refer to operations performed by the UE associated with predicting one or more measurement values (e.g., using an AI / ML model 710). For example, in a first measurement prediction mode, the UE may predict instantaneous measurement values (e.g., predicted measurement values associated with a given CMR and a given measurement occasion). The UE may send a measurement report to a network node, the measurement report indicating the predicted measurement values (e.g., which may be associated with the corresponding receive beam identified by the UE). The UE may perform filtering on the predicted measurement values to calculate filtered measurement values for a given CMR (e.g., in a manner similar to that described above). For example, in the first measurement prediction mode, the input to the AI / ML model 710 may include previous measurement values for a given measurement occasion (e.g., measured by the UE or predicted by the UE using the AI / ML model 710), and receive beam information for the next measurement occasion (e.g., the receive beam to be associated with the given CMR in the next measurement occasion). The receive beam may be the receive beam that the UE actually uses to measure the given CMR, or it may be a receive beam selected by the UE but not actually used to measure the given CMR (e.g., in the case where the UE predicts the measurement value of the given CMR rather than actually measuring the given CMR). As used herein, a receive beam selected by the UE but not actually used to measure the given CMR may be referred to as a "virtual" receive beam. Using the first measurement prediction mode, the UE may obtain filtered measurement values and may identify the optimal receive beam for each CMR (e.g., based on actual measurement values and / or predicted measurement values). Thus, additional receive beam refinement for the CMR may not be performed (e.g., using additional measurements of the various receive beams of the UE).

[0106] In the second measurement prediction mode, the output of the AI / ML model 710 may include predicted filtered measurement values. For example, in the second measurement prediction mode, the UE may predict future filtered measurement values. For example, for L CMRs, the input to the AI / ML model 710 may include L filtered measurement values from a previous measurement occasion (e.g., computed and / or predicted by the UE). The output of the AI / ML model 710 may include L predicted filtered measurement values for a future measurement occasion. However, since the UE may not select or determine a receive beam for a future measurement occasion for the CMR (e.g., as done in the first measurement prediction mode), the UE may not be able to derive an optimal receive beam for each CMR. Thus, when operating in the second measurement prediction mode, the UE may expect to receive CSI-RS (e.g., which is beamformed by a network node using the same precoder as one or more CMRs) and perform repetitions so that the UE can refine and / or select a receive beam for one or more CMRs (e.g., before the UE switches to an unknown TCI state that is associated with a QCL-Type D source reference of a CMR included as one of the one or more CMRs).

[0107] In the third measurement prediction mode, the UE may predict instantaneous measurement values (e.g., predicted measurement values associated with a given CMR and a given measurement occasion). The UE may send a measurement report to the network node that indicates the predicted measurement values (e.g., which may be associated with a corresponding receive beam identified by the UE). The network node (rather than the UE) may perform filtering on the predicted measurement values to compute filtered measurement values for a given CMR (e.g., in a manner similar to that described above). The network node may identify the optimal receive beam (for the UE) for the corresponding CMR. Thus, when operating in the third measurement prediction mode, the UE may expect to receive receive beam information associated with an unknown TCI state from the network node, the unknown TCI state being associated with a QCL-Type D source reference of a CMR that is one of the CMRs (e.g., before the UE switches to the unknown TCI state).

[0108] Thus, as described above, different measurement prediction modes can be associated with different operations at the UE. Thus, when operating in different measurement prediction modes, the UE can have different levels of information associated with the receive beams to be associated with different CMRs. However, the network node may not know the measurement prediction mode in which the UE is operating. In other words, the network node may not know what additional signaling or information to send to the UE to enable the UE to correctly activate the TCI state. Thus, the network node can send an indication, and the UE can receive the indication, to switch to or activate the TCI state. However, the network node may (e.g., incorrectly) assume that the UE has stored the receive beam information for the TCI state because the UE may have sent a measurement report indicating the predicted measurement value of the CMR associated with the TCI state (e.g., the CMR that is the QCL-Type D source reference of the TCI state). Thus, the network node may not send the additional signaling associated with the TCI state (e.g., CSI-RS or receive beam information). In other words, the UE may not receive the information that enables the UE to identify the receive beam to be associated with the TCI state. This can cause the UE to be unable to use the TCI state to receive signals and / or can cause a degradation in performance associated with the signals associated with the TCI state (e.g., because the UE may use a sub-optimal receive beam to receive the signals).

[0109] Aspects generally relate to signaling for measurement prediction modes. Some aspects more particularly relate to UE transmit capability communication and network node receive capability communication that indicates one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE. In some aspects, the network node can send an indication, and the UE can receive the indication, to report predicted beam measurements (e.g., predicted measurement values) using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The UE can send a measurement report, and the network node can receive the measurement report that indicates one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0110] For example, before requesting the UE to send the predicted beam measurement values of one or more CMRs (e.g., one or more future measurement occasions), the UE can send a capability communication that indicates one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE. In some aspects, the capability communication can indicate a single measurement prediction mode used by the UE. After sending the capability communication, the network node can send a communication, and the UE can receive the communication that requests the UE to report one or more predicted measurement values according to the indicated measurement prediction mode (e.g., the single measurement prediction mode used by the UE). Additionally, the network node can send additional signaling, and the UE can receive the additional signaling that is associated with the measurement prediction mode, such as CSI-RS transmission and / or receive beam information associated with an unknown TCI state.

[0111] The one or more measurement prediction modes include at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information, etc.

[0112] Certain aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure may be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, the techniques described may be used to enable a UE to operate in different measurement prediction modes while also ensuring that the UE receives sufficient signaling or information to select receive beams for different CMRs or TCI states. For example, by signaling to the UE the measurement prediction modes used, supported, and / or preferred, a network node may be able to activate an unknown TCI state (e.g., a TCI state associated with a CMR that is associated with predicted measurement values reported by the UE), and may be able to send additional signals (e.g., one or more CSI-RS transmissions or received beam information) to enable the UE to identify the optimal receive beam to associate with the unknown TCI state.

[0113] Figure 8 is a diagram of an example associated with signaling 800 for a measurement prediction mode according to this disclosure. As Figure 8 shown, a network node 110 (e.g., a base station, CU, DU, and / or RU) may communicate with a UE 120. In some aspects, the network node 110 and the UE 120 may be part of a wireless network (e.g., wireless network 100). The UE 120 and the network node 110 may have established a wireless connection prior to the Figure 8 operation shown.

[0114] In some aspects, the actions described herein as being performed by network node 110 may be performed by multiple different network nodes. For example, a configuration action may be performed by a first network node (e.g., a CU or a DU), and a radio communication action may be performed by a second network node (e.g., a DU or an RU). As used herein, a network node 110 "sending" a communication to a UE 120 may refer to a direct transmission (e.g., from network node 110 to UE 120), or an indirect transmission via one or more other network nodes or devices. For example, if network node 110 is a DU, an indirect transmission to UE 120 may include the DU sending a communication to an RU and the RU sending the communication to UE 120. Similarly, a UE 120 "sending" a communication to network node 110 may refer to a direct transmission (e.g., from UE 120 to network node 110), or an indirect transmission via one or more other network nodes or devices. For example, if network node 110 is a DU, an indirect transmission to network node 110 may include UE 120 sending a communication to an RU and the RU sending the communication to the DU.

[0115] In a first operation 805, the UE 120 may send a capabilities communication, and the network node 110 may receive the capabilities communication. The capabilities communication may include a capabilities report. In some aspects, the UE 120 may send the capabilities communication via RRC signaling, one or more MAC control elements (MAC-CE), and / or uplink control information (UCI) signaling, etc. In some aspects, the capabilities communication may be included in UE assistance information (UAI) communication. In some aspects, the capabilities communication may be sent by the UE 120 via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

[0116] In some aspects, as part of an initial access procedure with network node 110, the UE 120 may send a capabilities communication. For example, the UE 120 may send a capabilities communication after completing a random access procedure with network node 110 (e.g., a random access channel (RACH) procedure). As another example, as part of establishing an RRC connection with network node 110, the UE 120 may send a capabilities communication. In other aspects, the UE 120 may send a capabilities communication (and / or an update to the capabilities communication) after establishing a connection with network node 110.

[0117] The capabilities communication may indicate one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE 120. For example, the capabilities communication may indicate one measurement prediction mode from one or more measurement prediction modes that the UE 120 is using to perform prediction of measurement values (e.g., for the CMR configured for the UE 120). As another example, the capabilities communication may indicate one measurement prediction mode from one or more measurement prediction modes that the UE 120 is requesting to use (e.g., the capabilities communication may indicate a preferred measurement prediction mode).

[0118] In some aspects, the capabilities communication may include a respective identifier for each measurement prediction mode among the one or more measurement prediction modes indicated by the capabilities communication. For example, a set of measurement prediction modes may be defined (e.g., by the network node 110, another network node, or by a wireless communication standard such as 3GPP). The UE 120 may receive and / or store (e.g., from the network node 110) an identifier for a respective measurement prediction mode (e.g., as part of an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) configuration). The UE 120 may indicate a given measurement prediction mode in the capabilities communication by including the identifier associated with the given measurement prediction mode.

[0119] Before requesting the UE 120 to report predicted measurement values to the network node 110, the UE 120 may send a capabilities communication. In other words, before the network node 110 actually requests the UE 120 to report L1-RSRP prediction values and / or L1-SINR prediction values, etc., associated with one or more CMRs and regarding one or more future time domain occasions, the UE 120 may pre-report one or more measurement prediction modes. This may enable the network node 110 to identify which measurement prediction mode(s) are available for the UE 120 to use and / or which measurement prediction mode(s) are actually being used by the UE 120. Accordingly, the network node 110 may identify which signals, what types of signals, the number of signals, and / or the content of the signals to send to the UE 120 such that the UE 120 can receive signals associated with a TCI state that has a QCL relationship (e.g., a QCL-Type D relationship) with the CMR for which the UE 120 predicts one or more measurement values, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.

[0120] The one or more measurement prediction patterns may be similar to the measurement prediction patterns described elsewhere in this document. For example, the one or more measurement prediction patterns may include a first measurement prediction pattern associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction pattern associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, and / or a third measurement prediction pattern associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information, etc. For example, in the first measurement prediction pattern, UE 120 may predict an instantaneous measurement value (e.g., a predicted measurement value associated with a given CMR and a given measurement occasion). UE 120 may send a measurement report to a network node, the measurement report indicating the predicted measurement value (e.g., which may be associated with the corresponding received beam identified by UE 120). UE 120 may perform filtering on the predicted measurement value to calculate a filtered measurement value for a given CMR (e.g., in a manner similar to that described above). For example, in the first measurement prediction pattern, the input to the AI / ML model 710 may include (e.g., measured by UE 120 or predicted by UE 120 using the AI / ML model) the previous measurement value for a given measurement occasion, and the received beam information for the next measurement occasion (e.g., the received beam to be associated with the given CMR in the next measurement occasion). The received beam may be the received beam that the UE actually uses to measure the given CMR, or may be a received beam selected by the UE but not actually used to measure the given CMR (e.g., in the case where the UE predicts the measurement value of the given CMR instead of actually measuring the given CMR). Thus, additional receive beam refinement may not be performed on the CMR (e.g., using additional measurements of the various receive beams of the UE).

[0121] In the second measurement prediction mode, the output of the AI / ML model may include predicted filtered measurement values. For example, in the second measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may predict future filtered measurement values. For example, for L CMRs, the input to the AI / ML model 710 may include L filtered measurement values from a previous measurement occasion (e.g., computed and / or predicted by the UE 120). The output of the AI / ML model may include L predicted filtered measurement values for a future measurement occasion. However, since the UE 120 may not select or determine a receive beam for a future measurement occasion for the CMR (e.g., as done in the first measurement prediction mode), the UE may not be able to derive an optimal receive beam for each CMR. Therefore, when operating in the second measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may expect to receive CSI-RS (e.g., which is beamformed by the network node using the same precoder as for one or more CMRs), and perform repetitions so that the UE 120 can refine and / or select a receive beam for one or more CMRs (e.g., before the UE 120 switches to an unknown TCI state that is associated with a QCL-Type D source reference for a CMR included as one of the one or more CMRs).

[0122] In the third measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may predict instantaneous measurement values (e.g., predicted measurement values associated with a given CMR and a given measurement occasion). The UE 120 may send a measurement report to the network node 110 that indicates the predicted measurement values (e.g., which may be associated with the corresponding receive beam identified by the UE 120). The network node 110 (instead of the UE 120) may perform filtering on the predicted measurement values to compute a filtered measurement value for a given CMR (e.g., in a manner similar to that described above). The network node may identify the optimal receive beam (for the UE 120) for the corresponding CMR. Therefore, when operating in the third measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may expect to receive receive beam information associated with an unknown TCI state from the network node 110, where the unknown TCI state is associated with a QCL-Type D source reference for a CMR that is one of the CMRs (e.g., before the UE switches to the unknown TCI state).

[0123] As described elsewhere in this document, UE 120 may send capability communication during initial access. In other words, the capability communication may be or may include radio resource control communication associated with initial access with network node 110. Depending on the reported measurement prediction mode, UE 120 may expect to be configured with CSI reporting associated with the number of reports including predicted future measurements (e.g., predicted future L1-RSRP / L1-SINR). Additionally or alternatively, UE 120 may expect to signal information and / or reference signals according to the reported measurement prediction mode. For example, UE 120 may expect to receive and / or be configured with CSI-RS resources, where repetitions on the CSI-RS resources are configured to be enabled (e.g., for a second measurement prediction mode), or have receive beam information in a TCI state (e.g., for a third measurement prediction mode), etc.

[0124] In some aspects, UE 120 may dynamically update the reported measurement prediction mode (e.g., after initial access). For example, during initial access, UE 120 may report a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes. UE 120 may send a communication, and network node 110 may receive the communication that updates the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by UE 120 to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes. The communication (e.g., updating the measurement prediction mode supported and / or used by UE 120) may be a MAC-CE communication or a UCI communication, etc.

[0125] In some aspects, the UE 120 may continue to follow the previously reported measurement prediction pattern (e.g., after sending a communication to update the measurement prediction pattern) until the configured CSI report is deactivated. For example, before deactivating the UE 120 using a CSI report associated with the number of reports including predicted future measurement values (e.g., when the configuration of the CSI report violates or does not conform to the dynamically updated measurement prediction pattern), the UE 120 may still follow the currently active CSI report. In other words, if the UE 120 is configured to use a measurement prediction pattern included in a first set of one or more measurement prediction patterns but not included in a second set of one or more measurement prediction patterns, the UE 120 may support that measurement prediction pattern until the CSI report configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated. Additionally, before the UE 120 receives additional signaling (such as CSI-RS resources with repetition=on or receive beam information in the TCI state) that the UE 120 expects (or no longer expects) to be notified through, the UE 120 may still not expect (or still expect) such signaling schemes from the network node 110. In other words, if the UE 120 dynamically updates the supported or used measurement prediction pattern, the UE 120 may continue to support and / or use the previously indicated measurement prediction pattern until the CSI report (e.g., the CSI report configured before the UE 120 sends a communication to update the used or supported measurement prediction pattern) is deactivated.

[0126] In a second operation 810, the network node 110 may send a request for predicted measurement values, and the UE 120 may receive the request for predicted measurement values. For example, the network node 110 may send an indication, and the UE 120 may receive an indication to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction pattern from one or more measurement prediction patterns. In some aspects, the request may include a configuration of the CSI report, where the configuration indicates that the number of reports of the CSI report includes one or more predicted measurement values (e.g., where the number of reports of the CSI report includes predicted future L1-RSRP values or predicted future L1-SINR values, etc.). For example, the CSI report configuration (CSIReportConfig or CSI report settings) for the CSI report may include a report quantity (reportQuantity) information element indicating the quantity or parameter to be reported in the CSI report. If the number of reports includes predicted measurement values, the UE 120 may identify the request for predicted measurement values.

[0127] In some aspects, the request for predicted measurement values may include an indication of a measurement prediction mode (e.g., from one or more measurement prediction modes reported by the UE 120 in the first operation 805), and the UE 120 will use this measurement prediction mode to perform measurement prediction. In other aspects, the request for predicted measurement values may not include an indication of the measurement prediction mode. Instead, the UE 120 and the network node 110 may assume that the UE 120 is using the measurement prediction mode reported by the UE 120 in the first operation 805.

[0128] In a third operation 815, the UE 120 may predict one or more measurement values (e.g., for one or more CMRs in one or more future time domain opportunities) according to the measurement prediction mode. For example, the network node 110 may send one or more reference signals, and the UE 120 may receive one or more reference signals. For example, the reference signal may be an SSB, a CSI-RS, or another type of reference signal. The reference signal may be associated with the input of the beam prediction model. The UE 120 may perform measurements on the signal associated with the reference signal. For example, the UE 120 may perform L1 RSRP measurements and / or L1 SINR measurements, etc., on the signal associated with the reference signal. For example, the UE 120 may measure one or more reference signals to obtain a set of measurement values. The UE 120 may input the measurement values of one or more reference signals into an AI / ML model (such as the AI / ML model 710). The UE 120 may obtain the output of the beam prediction model at least in part based on inputting the measurement values of one or more reference signals. The output of the AI / ML model may include measurement value predictions associated with one or more CMRs (e.g., associated with one or more beams). At least in part based on the measurement prediction mode used by the UE 120, the output of the AI / ML model may include instantaneous predicted measurement values and / or filtered predicted measurement values.

[0129] In a fourth operation 820, the UE 120 may send a measurement report, and the network node 110 may receive the measurement report, which indicates one or more predicted beam measurements (e.g., one or more predicted measurement values). In some aspects, the UE 120 may use the measurement prediction mode to predict one or more predicted beam measurements (e.g., in the third operation 815). For example, the measurement report may be a CSI report. In some aspects, one or more predicted measurement values may be associated with corresponding CMRs (e.g., from a set of CMRs configured for the measurement report). In some aspects, one or more predicted measurement values may be instantaneous predicted measurement values (e.g., if the UE 120 is operating using the first measurement prediction mode or the third measurement prediction mode). In other examples, one or more predicted measurement values may be filtered predicted measurement values (e.g., if the UE 120 is operating using the second measurement prediction mode).

[0130] In the fifth operation 825, the network node 110 may send a communication to activate the TCI state, and the UE 120 may receive the communication to activate the TCI state. For example, the network node 110 may send a MAC-CE, and the UE 120 may receive the MAC-CE, which indicates that the TCI state is about to be activated. In some aspects, the network node 110 may send DCI communication indicating the TCI state, and the UE 120 may receive the DCI communication indicating the TCI state. The TCI state may be unknown to the UE 120 (e.g., the TCI state may be an unknown TCI state, as described in more detail elsewhere herein). The TCI state may be associated with the CMR. For example, the QCL-Type D source reference for the TCI state may be the CMR. The CMR may be associated with a measurement report (e.g., sent by the UE 120 in the fourth operation 820). For example, the CMR may be associated with one or more predicted measurement values indicated in the measurement report.

[0131] The network node 110 may determine the additional content and / or signaling to be sent to the UE 120 based at least in part on the measurement prediction mode used by the UE 120 (e.g., in the third operation 815 and / or the fourth operation 820) and at least in part on activating the unknown TCI state associated with the CMR, which is associated with the predicted measurement values reported by the UE 120. For example, if the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, the network node 110 may determine not to send additional content and / or signaling to the UE 120 (e.g., there is no additional content and / or signaling other than the defined procedure for activating the unknown TCI state).

[0132] As another example, if the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, the network node 110 may determine that the CSI-RS configured with repetitions being turned on will be sent to the UE 120. For example, the network node 110 may send a communication to schedule or activate a CSI-RS resource set, and the UE 120 may receive the communication to schedule or activate the CSI-RS resource set, which is configured with repetitions = on (e.g., it is scheduled to be sent to the UE 120 before the UE 120 switches to the unknown TCI state). For example, the network node 110 may send an indication of the CSI-RS resource set, and the UE 120 may receive the indication of the CSI-RS resource set, which is associated with the repetitions to be associated with the unknown TCI state. The CSI-RS resource set may be associated with the same precoder and / or transmit spatial filter as the CMR (e.g., as the QCL-Type D source reference for the unknown TCI state).

[0133] For example, in the sixth operation 830, the network node 110 may transmit one or more downlink reference signals, and the UE 120 may receive one or more downlink reference signals, which are used for beam refinement at the UE 120. For example, the one or more downlink reference signals may be transmitted by the network node 110 using the same precoder and / or transmission spatial filter as the CMR (e.g., as a QCL-Type D source reference for an unknown TCI state). The one or more downlink reference signals may be SSB and / or CSI-RS. For example, the network node 110 may transmit one or more CSI-RS, and the UE 120 may receive one or more CSI-RS, which are associated with a CSI-RS resource set. As another example, the UE 120 may receive one or more SSB associated with an unknown TCI state. The UE 120 may perform measurements on the one or more downlink reference signals using one or more (or all) of the receiving beams of the UE 120. For example, if the UE 120 is associated with N receiving beams, the network node 110 may transmit N repetitions of the one or more downlink reference signals so that the UE 120 can perform measurements using each of the N receiving beams of the UE 120 (e.g., to identify the optimal receiving beam to be associated with the unknown TCI state). The value of N may be defined by a wireless communication standard (such as 3GPP) or otherwise determined. Additionally or alternatively, the value of N may be at least partially based on the capabilities of the UE 120, such as the maxNumberRxBeam capability. For example, the UE 120 may receive configuration or scheduling information of a CSI-RS set associated with the number of repetitions (e.g., N repetitions). The number of repetitions may be at least partially based on the number of receiving beams of the UE 120 (e.g., the maxNumberRxBeam capability) or the number of SSB periods (e.g., defined by 3GPP), etc.

[0134] In some aspects, the UE 120 may send an indication of the number of repetitions, and the network node 110 may receive an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with CSI-RS transmission and / or SSB transmission (e.g., the number of repetitions associated with the sixth operation 830). For example, although the UE 120 may not be able to directly identify the appropriate receive beam for an unknown TCI state (e.g., when operating in the second measurement prediction mode), the UE 120 may identify a smaller number of candidate receive beams (e.g., at least partially based on previous measurements and / or predictions performed by the UE 120). Thus, the UE 120 may report an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with receive beam refinement for an unknown TCI state. The number of repetitions may be less than N (e.g., may be less than the number of SSB periods (e.g., defined by 3GPP) or may be less than the maxNumberRxBeam of the UE 120). For example, when the UE 120 uses the second measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may (e.g., in the capability communication or in a similar communication) send the capability of the maxNumberRxBeamPrediction capability, and the network node 110 may receive the capability of the maxNumberRxBeamPrediction capability, which indicates the number of repetitions to be associated with activating an unknown TCI state. The UE 120 may identify the number of instances of the CSI-RS resource set based on (maxNumberRxBeamPrediction / N res_per_set ), where N res_per_set is the number of CSI-RS resources within the CSI-RS resource set. Thus, the network node 110 may send fewer repetitions of the downlink reference signal, and the UE 120 may receive fewer repetitions of the downlink reference signal. This may save network resources, processing resources, and / or power resources that would otherwise be associated with conveying N repetitions of the downlink reference signal. Additionally, this may reduce the amount of time before an unknown TCI state can be activated (e.g., may reduce the amount of time associated with T L1-RSRP ). A smaller number of repetitions of the downlink reference signal is depicted and described in more detail in conjunction with Figure 9 .

[0135] As another example, if the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, network node 110 may determine that the indication of the unknown TCI state will include receive beam information to be associated with the unknown TCI state (e.g., of UE 120). For example, network node 110 may send a first communication to activate the unknown TCI state, and UE 120 may receive the first communication to activate the unknown TCI state, which is associated with the CMR (e.g., in the fifth operation 825). In some aspects, the unknown TCI state may include information associated with a receive beam to be associated with the unknown TCI state (e.g., identified or selected by network node 110).

[0136] As another example, the unknown TCI state may include information associated with a set of receive beams. For example, network node 110 may identify a subset of receive beams from the set of receive beams associated with UE 120, and the subset of receive beams is a candidate to be associated with the unknown TCI state. In such examples, network node 110 may send a second communication, and UE 120 may receive the second communication, which schedules a data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, and the second communication indicates a receive beam from the set of receive beams (or subset) (e.g., indicates a receive beam in the set of receive beams indicated by the first communication to activate the unknown TCI state). For example, network node 110 may send a MAC-CE communication to activate the unknown TCI state, where the MAC-CE communication indicates a set of receive beams as candidates to be associated with the unknown TCI state. Network node 110 may send DCI, and UE 120 may receive the DCI, which schedules a data communication to be associated with the unknown TCI state. The DCI may include an indication of a receive beam from the set of receive beams indicated by the MAC-CE communication. UE 120 may use the indicated receive beam to receive the data communication. This reduces the indication overhead (e.g., size) required to indicate receive beam information in the DCI, because the DCI may only point to the receive beam information indicated by the MAC-CE communication. In some aspects, a separate MAC-CE different from the MAC-CE for activating a regular TCI state may be used to activate the unknown TCI state (e.g., indicating one or more receive beams in the MAC-CE). Additionally or alternatively, a dedicated DCI format and / or a dedicated radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) for scrambling the DCI may be used for the DCI that indicates the receive beam to be associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0137] In the seventh operation 835, UE 120 may activate the unknown TCI state (e.g., the TCI state associated with the CMR for which UE 120 performs predictive measurements). For example, UE 120 may activate the unknown TCI state after a certain amount of time (e.g., in combination with Figure 5(in a similar manner as described). In the eighth operation 840, the network node 110 may send one or more communications (e.g., one or more data communications), and the UE 120 may receive one or more communications (e.g., one or more data communications), where the one or more communications are associated with a TCI state (e.g., an unknown TCI state activated by the UE 120 in the seventh operation 835). The UE 120 may use a receiving beam to receive the one or more communications. The UE 120 may select or identify the receiving beam at least partially based on the measurement prediction mode used by the UE 120. For example, if the UE 120 uses the first measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may identify the receiving beam at least partially based on the filtered RSRP calculated for the CMR associated with the unknown TCI state. If the UE 120 uses the second measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may identify the receiving beam at least partially based on the measurements of one or more repetitions of the downlink reference signal (e.g., in the sixth operation 830) and select the receiving beam with the highest measurement value. If the UE 120 uses the second measurement prediction mode, the UE 120 may identify the receiving beam at least partially based on the receiving beam information indicated by the unknown TCI state.

[0138] Accordingly, the UE 120 is capable of operating in different measurement prediction modes while also receiving sufficient signaling or information to select receiving beams for different CMRs or TCI states. For example, by signaling the measurement prediction mode used, supported, and / or preferred by the UE 120, the network node 110 may be enabled to activate an unknown TCI state (e.g., a TCI state associated with a CMR that is associated with the predicted measurement value reported by the UE 120) and may be enabled to send additional signals (e.g., one or more CSI-RS transmit or receive beam information) to enable the UE 120 to identify the optimal receiving beam to be associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0139] Figure 9 is a diagram of an example 900 associated with signaling for a measurement prediction mode according to the present disclosure. As Figure 9 shown, the network node 110 (e.g., a base station, CU, DU, and / or RU) may communicate with the UE 120. The signaling may be associated with the sixth operation 830 described above in conjunction with Figure 8 this description.

[0140] For example, generally, for an unknown TCI state, network node 110 may send repetitions of a downlink reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS), and UE 120 may receive repetitions of the downlink reference signal (e.g., SSB or CSI-RS), where the number of repetitions is equal to or at least partially based on the number of receive beams associated with UE 120. However, in the case where the unknown TCI state has a QCL-Type D source reference that is a CMR associated with a predicted measurement value, the unknown TCI state may be referred to as "semi-known" by UE 120. In other words, UE 120 may have at least some information based on performing measurements predicted to be associated with the CMR, but may not have all the information such that UE 120 can identify the optimal receive beam to be associated with the "semi-known" TCI state. However, since UE 120 may have some information associated with the TCI state, network node 110 may send fewer repetitions of the downlink reference signal compared to the case of an unknown TCI state. For example, UE 120 may send an indication of the number of SSB periods, the number of receive beams, and / or the number of CSI-RS periods to be associated with the "semi-known" TCI state (e.g., the TCI state associated with the CMR associated with a predicted measurement value), and network node 110 may receive the indication.

[0141] For example, as Figure 9 shown, UE 120 may be associated with nine receive beams. Network node 110 may send three repetitions of the downlink reference signal, and UE 120 may measure the downlink reference signal using three of the nine receive beams, rather than network node 110 sending repetitions such that UE 120 can measure the downlink reference signal using each of the nine receive beams. For example, the value reported by UE 120 may be three (e.g., for the TCI state associated with the CMR associated with a predicted measurement value, this value may be three). Thus, the signaling overhead and / or the amount of time associated with activating an unknown TCI state may be reduced (e.g., T L1-RSRP ).

[0142] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, by a UE supporting signaling for measurement prediction mode according to the present disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example where a UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with signaling for measurement prediction mode.

[0143] As Figure 10As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include sending a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information (block 1010). For example, the UE (such as by using Figure 12 the communication manager 140 or the transmit component 1204 depicted in

[0144] As Figure 10 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include receiving an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes (block 1020). For example, the UE (such as by using Figure 12 the communication manager 140 or the receive component 1202 depicted in

[0145] As Figure 10 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include sending a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode (block 1030). For example, the UE (such as by using Figure 12 the communication manager 140 or the transmit component 1204 depicted in

[0146] Process 1000 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in combination with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0147] In a first additional aspect, the capability communication includes a respective identifier for each of the one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0148] In a second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, and process 1000 includes receiving, from the network node, communication activating the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, and receiving, using a receive beam associated with the channel measurement resources, one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state, the channel measurement resources being associated with the predicted beam measurement.

[0149] In a third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and process 1000 includes receiving, from the network node, communication activating the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resources being QCL source resources for the unknown TCI state; receiving, from the network node, an indication of a CSI-RS resource set associated with repetitions to be associated with the unknown TCI state, and one or more CSI-RSs associated with the CSI-RS resource set from the network node; and receiving, using a receive beam based at least in part on measurements of the one or more CSI-RSs, one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0150] In a fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and process 1000 includes receiving, from the network node, communication activating the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, and receiving, using a receive beam based at least in part on the receive beam information, one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0151] In a fifth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the capability communication is radio resource control communication associated with initial access with the network node.

[0152] In a sixth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and process 1000 includes sending, to the network node, communication updating the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0153] In a seventh additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the measurement prediction mode is not included in the second set of measurement prediction modes, and the UE supports the measurement prediction mode until the CSI reporting configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated.

[0154] In an eighth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to seventh aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and process 1000 includes sending an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with the CSI-RS transmission to the network node, receiving a communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, and receiving configuration or scheduling information of the CSI-RS set associated with the number of repetitions from the network node.

[0155] In a ninth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to eighth aspects, the indication of the number of repetitions includes an indication of at least one of the number of receive beams or the number of SSB periods.

[0156] In a tenth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to ninth aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and process 1000 includes receiving a first communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including information associated with a set of receive beams; receiving a second communication from the network node scheduling a data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, the second communication indicating a receive beam from the set of receive beams; and receiving the data communication using the receive beam.

[0157] Although Figure 10 example boxes of process 1000 are shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner compared to the boxes depicted in Figure 10 . Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes of process 1000 may be executed in parallel.

[0158] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 1100, for example, performed by a network node supporting signaling for a measurement prediction mode according to the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where a network node (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with signaling for a measurement prediction mode.

[0159] As Figure 11As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving a capabilities communication associated with a UE, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information (block 1110). For example, the network node (such as by using Figure 13 the communication manager 150 or the receiving component 1302 depicted in

[0160] As Figure 11 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include transmitting an indication to cause the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes (block 1120). For example, the network node (such as by using Figure 13 the communication manager 150 or the transmitting component 1304 depicted in

[0161] As Figure 11 Further shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that were predicted using the measurement prediction mode (block 1130). For example, the network node (such as by using Figure 13 the communication manager 150 or the receiving component 1302 depicted in

[0162] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below or in combination with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.

[0163] In a first additional aspect, the capability communication includes a respective identifier for each measurement prediction mode of the one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0164] In a second additional aspect, either alone or in combination with the first aspect, the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, and process 1100 includes transmitting a communication to activate the unknown TCI state that is associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, and transmitting one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0165] In a third additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and process 1100 includes transmitting a communication to activate the unknown TCI state that is associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, where the channel measurement resources are QCL source resources for the unknown TCI state; transmitting an indication of a CSI-RS resource set that is associated with the repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state, and transmitting one or more CSI-RS associated with the CSI-RS resource set; and transmitting one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0166] In a fourth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to third aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and process 1100 includes transmitting a communication to activate the unknown TCI state that is associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, and transmitting one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0167] In a fifth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fourth aspects, the capability communication is radio resource control communication associated with initial access with a network node.

[0168] In a sixth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to fifth aspects, the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and process 1100 includes receiving a communication that updates the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0169] In a seventh additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first to sixth aspects, the measurement prediction mode is not included in the second set of measurement prediction modes, and the UE supports the measurement prediction mode until the CSI report configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated.

[0170] In an eighth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and process 1100 includes receiving an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with the CSI-RS transmission, and transmitting a communication that activates the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, and transmitting configuration or scheduling information of the CSI-RS set associated with the number of repetitions.

[0171] In a ninth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the indication of the number of repetitions includes an indication of at least one of the number of receive beams or the number of SSB periods.

[0172] In a tenth additional aspect, either alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and process 1100 includes transmitting a first communication that activates the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including information associated with a set of receive beams; transmitting a second communication that schedules a data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, the second communication indicating a receive beam from the set of receive beams; and transmitting the data communication.

[0173] Although Figure 11 example boxes of process 1100 are shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional boxes, fewer boxes, different boxes, or boxes arranged in a different manner compared to the boxes depicted in Figure 11 . Additionally or alternatively, two or more boxes of process 1100 may be executed in parallel.

[0174] Figure 12 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1200 for wireless communication that supports signaling for a measurement prediction mode in accordance with the present disclosure. Apparatus 1200 may be a UE, or a UE may include apparatus 1200. In some aspects, apparatus 1200 includes a receiving component 1202, a transmitting component 1204, and a communication manager 140 that may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses). As shown, apparatus 1200 may communicate with another apparatus 1206 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using receiving component 1202 and transmitting component 1204.

[0175] In some aspects, apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figure 8 and Figure 9 . Additionally or alternatively, apparatus 1200 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 10Process 1000. In some aspects, apparatus 1200 may include one or more components of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2 description.

[0176] Receiving component 1202 may receive communications from apparatus 1206, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications. Receiving component 1202 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of apparatus 1200, such as communication manager 140. In some aspects, receiving component 1202 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.), and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, receiving component 1202 may include one or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiving processors, controller / processors, and / or memories of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2 description.

[0177] Transmitting component 1204 may transmit communications to apparatus 1206, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications. In some aspects, communication manager 140 may generate the communications and may send the generated communications to transmitting component 1204 for transmission to apparatus 1206. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.), and may send the processed signals to apparatus 1206. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 may include one or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controller / processors, and / or memories of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2 description. In some aspects, transmitting component 1204 may be co-located with receiving component 1202 in a transceiver.

[0178] The communication manager 140 may send or may cause the sending component 1204 to send a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The communication manager 140 may receive or may cause the receiving component 1202 to receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The communication manager 140 may send or may cause the sending component 1204 to send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode. In some aspects, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of the communication manager 140.

[0179] The communication manager 140 may include the controller / processor and memory of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2 In some aspects, the communication manager 140 includes a set of components such as a beam selection component 1208 and / or a prediction component 1210. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from the communication manager 140. In some aspects, one or more of the components in the set of components may include those of the UE described above in connection with Figure 2 or may be implemented within the controller / processor and memory. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the components in the set of components may be at least partially implemented as software stored in the memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0180] The transmitting component 1204 may send a capability communication to a network node, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The receiving component 1202 may receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The transmitting component 1204 may send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0181] The beam selection component 1208 may select a receive beam to be associated with the unknown TCI state. The beam selection component 1208 may select the receive beam at least in part based on measurements of the CSI-RS transmissions. The beam selection component 1208 may select the receive beam at least in part based on the received beam information.

[0182] The prediction component 1210 may predict the one or more predicted beam measurements. In some aspects, the prediction component 1210 may input information into an AI / ML model to obtain the one or more predicted beam measurements.

[0183] Figure 12 The number and arrangement of the components shown are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner compared to the components shown in Figure 12 In addition, Figure 12 two or more of the components shown may be implemented within a single component, or Figure 12 a single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 12 a set of the (one or more) components shown may perform one or more functions described as being performed by Figure 12 another set of components shown.

[0184] Figure 13FIG. is a diagram of an example apparatus 1300 for wireless communication that supports signaling for a measurement prediction mode in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1300 may be a network node, or a network node may include the apparatus 1300. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 includes a receiving component 1302, a transmitting component 1304, and a communication manager 150 that may communicate (e.g., via one or more buses) with each other. As shown, the apparatus 1300 may communicate with another apparatus 1306 (such as a UE, a network node, or another wireless communication device) using the receiving component 1302 and the transmitting component 1304.

[0185] In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figure 8 and Figure 9 Additional or alternative, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as Figure 11 process 1100. In some aspects, the apparatus 1300 may include one or more components of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2 description.

[0186] The receiving component 1302 may receive communications from the apparatus 1306, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications. The receiving component 1302 may provide the received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1300, such as the communication manager 150. In some aspects, the receiving component 1302 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplifying, demodulating, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, demapping, equalizing, interference cancellation, or decoding, etc.) on the received communications, and may provide the processed signals to one or more other components. In some aspects, the receiving component 1302 may include one or more antennas, modems, demodulators, MIMO detectors, receiving processors, controllers / processors, and / or memories of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2 description.

[0187] The transmitting component 1304 may transmit communications to the apparatus 1306, such as reference signals, control information, and / or data communications. In some aspects, the communication manager 150 may generate communications and may send the generated communications to the transmitting component 1304 for transmission to the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1304 may perform signal processing (such as filtering, amplifying, modulating, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, etc.) on the generated communications, and may send the processed signals to the apparatus 1306. In some aspects, the transmitting component 1304 may include one or more of the antennas, modems, transmitters, MIMO transmitters, transmitting processors, controllers / processors, and / or memories of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2One or more antennas, modems, modulators, transmit MIMO processors, transmit processors, controllers / processors, and / or memories of the described network node. In some aspects, transmit component 1304 may be co-located with receive component 1302 in a transceiver.

[0188] Communication manager 150 may receive or may cause receive component 1302 to receive capability communication associated with a UE, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. Communication manager 150 may send or may cause transmit component 1304 to send an indication to cause the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. Communication manager 150 may receive or may cause receive component 1302 to receive a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode. In some aspects, communication manager 150 may perform one or more operations described elsewhere herein as being performed by one or more components of communication manager 150.

[0189] Communication manager 150 may include a controller / processor, memory, scheduler, and / or communication unit of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2 In some aspects, communication manager 150 may include a set of components such as determination component 1308, etc. Alternatively, the set of components may be separate and distinct from communication manager 150. In some aspects, one or more components of the set of components may include a controller / processor, memory, scheduler, and / or communication unit of the network node described above in connection with Figure 2 or may be implemented therein. Additionally or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be at least partially implemented as software stored in memory. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a controller or processor to perform the functions or operations of the component.

[0190] The receiving component 1302 may receive capability communication associated with the UE, the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating an unknown TCI state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving CSI-RS transmissions for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information. The transmitting component 1304 may transmit an indication to cause the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes. The receiving component 1302 may receive a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0191] The determining component 1308 may determine, at least in part based on the measurement prediction mode, signaling or information to be transmitted for the UE when activating the unknown TCI state.

[0192] Figure 13 The number and arrangement of the components shown are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or components arranged in a different manner compared to the components shown in Figure 13 In addition, Figure 13 two or more of the components shown may be implemented within a single component, or Figure 13 a single component shown may be implemented as multiple distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, Figure 13 a set of the (one or more) components shown may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Figure 13 In

[0193] An overview of some aspects of the present disclosure is provided below:

[0194] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: sending a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; receiving an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; and sending a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0195] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein the capabilities communication includes a respective identifier for each measurement prediction mode of the one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0196] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, the method further comprising: receiving a communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with a channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and receiving one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam associated with the channel measurement resource, the channel measurement resource being associated with the predicted beam measurement.

[0197] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, the method further comprising: receiving a communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with a channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resource being a quasi-co-location (QCL) source resource for the unknown TCI state; receiving an indication from the network node of a CSI-RS resource set associated with a repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state; receiving one or more CSI-RSs associated with the CSI-RS resource set from the network node; and receiving one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam based at least in part on measurements of the one or more CSI-RSs.

[0198] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further includes: receiving, from the network node, a communication for activating the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and receiving, using a receiving beam at least partially based on the received beam information, one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0199] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the capability communication is radio resource control communication associated with initial access performed together with the network node.

[0200] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and the method further includes: sending, to the network node, a communication for updating the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0201] Aspect 8: The method according to Aspect 7, wherein the measurement prediction mode is not included in the second set of measurement prediction modes, and wherein the UE supports the measurement prediction mode until the CSI report configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated.

[0202] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, 4, and 6 to 8, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and the method further includes: sending, to the network node, an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with the CSI-RS transmission; receiving, from the network node, a communication for activating the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and receiving, from the network node, configuration or scheduling information for a CSI-RS set associated with the number of repetitions.

[0203] Aspect 10: The method according to Aspect 9, wherein the indication of the number of repetitions includes an indication of at least one of the following: the number of receiving beams or the number of synchronization signal block (SSB) periods.

[0204] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2, 5, and 6 to 8, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: receiving, from the network node, a first communication activating the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including information associated with a set of receive beams; receiving, from the network node, a second communication scheduling a data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, the second communication indicating a receive beam from the set of receive beams; and receiving the data communication using the receive beam.

[0205] Aspect 12: A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprising: receiving a capabilities communication associated with a user equipment (UE), the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmit configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including receive beam information; transmitting an indication for the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; and receiving a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

[0206] Aspect 13: The method according to Aspect 12, wherein the capabilities communication includes a respective identifier for each measurement prediction mode of the one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0207] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 13, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: transmitting a communication activating the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and transmitting one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0208] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 13, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: sending a communication to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resource being a quasi-co-location (QCL) source resource for the unknown TCI state; sending an indication of a CSI-RS resource set, the CSI-RS resource set being associated with the repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state; and sending one or more CSI-RSs associated with the CSI-RS resource set; and sending one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0209] Aspect 16: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 13, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: sending a communication to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and sending one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

[0210] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 16, wherein the capability communication is a radio resource control communication associated with an initial access performed with the network node.

[0211] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 17, wherein the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and the method further comprises: receiving a communication to update the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

[0212] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 18, wherein the measurement prediction mode is not included in the second set of measurement prediction modes, and wherein the UE supports the measurement prediction mode until the CSI report configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated.

[0213] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 13, 15 and 17 to 19, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: receiving an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with the CSI-RS transmission; and sending a communication to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and sending configuration or scheduling information for a CSI-RS set associated with the number of repetitions.

[0214] Aspect 21: The method according to aspect 20, wherein the indication of the number of repetitions includes an indication of at least one of the following: the number of receive beams or the number of synchronization signal block (SSB) periods.

[0215] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 13, 16, and 17 to 19, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further includes: sending a first communication to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including information associated with a set of receive beams; sending a second communication to schedule a data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, the second communication indicating a receive beam from the set of receive beams; and sending the data communication.

[0216] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0217] Aspect 24: A device for wireless communication, the device including: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors being configured to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0218] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus including at least one component for performing the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0219] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0220] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set including one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 1 to 11.

[0221] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus including: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to one or more of aspects 12 to 22.

[0222] Aspect 29: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising: a memory; and one or more processors coupled to the memory, the one or more processors configured to execute the method according to one or more of Aspects 12 to 22.

[0223] Aspect 30: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising at least one component for executing the method according to one or more of Aspects 12 to 22.

[0224] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to execute the method according to one or more of Aspects 12 to 22.

[0225] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing an instruction set for wireless communication, the instruction set comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to execute the method according to one or more of Aspects 12 to 22.

[0226] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in accordance with the above disclosure, or may be obtained from practice of the aspects.

[0227] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and software. "Software" should be broadly construed to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable programs, execution threads, processes, or functions, etc., whether referred to in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms. As used herein, a "processor" is implemented with hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that the systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specific control hardware or software code for implementing these systems or methods does not limit the aspects. Accordingly, the operation and behavior of these systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, as those skilled in the art will understand that the software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems or methods at least in part based on the description herein.

[0228] As used herein, depending on the context, "meeting a threshold" may refer to a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc.

[0229] Although a particular combination of features is recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, such combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of each aspect includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the set of claims. As used herein, the phrase referring to "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items (which includes a single member). For example, "at least one of the following: a, b, or c" is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiple identical elements (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0230] Any element, act, or instruction used herein should not be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly so described. Additionally, as used herein, the article "a" is intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". Further, as used herein, the article "the" is intended to include one or more of the items mentioned in connection with the article "the" and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". Additionally, as used herein, the terms "set" and "group" are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only intending to refer to a single item, the phrase "only one" or similar will be used. Moreover, as used herein, terms such as "has", "contains", "includes", and the like are intended as open terms that do not limit the elements they modify (e.g., an element "including" A may also contain B). Additionally, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partially based on" unless otherwise explicitly stated. Further, as used herein, the term "or" when used consecutively is intended to be inclusive and may be used interchangeably with "and / or" unless otherwise explicitly stated (e.g., if used in combination with "either of the two" or "only one of them").

Claims

1. A user equipment (UE) for wireless communication, the UE comprises: at least one memory; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor being operative to cause the UE to: send a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; and send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

2. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the capabilities communication includes a respective identifier for each measurement prediction mode of the one or more measurement prediction modes.

3. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, wherein the at least one processor is further operative to cause the UE to: receive a communication from the network node activating the unknown TCI state associated with a channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report; and receive one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam associated with the channel measurement resource, the channel measurement resource being associated with the predicted beam measurement.

4. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, wherein the at least one processor is further operative to cause the UE to: receive a communication from the network node activating the unknown TCI state associated with a channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resource being a quasi-co-location (QCL) source resource for the unknown TCI state; receive an indication from the network node of a CSI-RS resource set associated with a repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state; receive one or more CSI-RSs associated with the CSI-RS resource set from the network node; and receive one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam based at least in part on measurements of the one or more CSI-RSs.

5. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, wherein the at least one processor is further operative to cause the UE to: Receive a communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report; and Receive one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam that is at least partially based on the received beam information.

6. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the capability communication is radio resource control communication associated with initial access performed with the network node.

7. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and wherein the at least one processor is further operable to cause the UE to: Send a communication to the network node to update the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

8. The UE according to claim 7, wherein the measurement prediction mode is not included in the second set of measurement prediction modes, and wherein the UE supports the measurement prediction mode until the CSI report configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated.

9. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and wherein the at least one processor is further operable to cause the UE to: Send an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with the CSI-RS transmission to the network node; and Receive a communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report; and Receive configuration or scheduling information for a CSI-RS set from the network node, the CSI-RS set being associated with the number of repetitions.

10. The UE according to claim 9, wherein the indication of the number of repetitions includes an indication of at least one of: The number of receive beams, or The number of synchronization signal block (SSB) periods.

11. The UE according to claim 1, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and wherein the at least one processor is further operable to cause the UE to: Receive a first communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including information associated with a set of receive beams; Receive a second communication from the network node scheduling a data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, the second communication indicating a receive beam from the set of receive beams; And Receive the data communication using the receive beam.

12. A network node for performing wireless communication, the network node comprises: At least one memory; And At least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor being operable to cause the network node to: Receiving capability communication associated with a user equipment (UE), the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; Sending an indication to cause the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; And Receiving a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

13. The network node according to claim 12, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and wherein the at least one processor is further operable to cause the network node to: Send a communication to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with a channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resource being a quasi-co-location (QCL) source resource for the unknown TCI state; Send an indication of a CSI-RS resource set associated with a repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state; Send one or more CSI-RSs associated with the CSI-RS resource set; and Send one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

14. The network node according to claim 12, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and wherein the at least one processor is further operable to cause the network node to: Send a communication to activate the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with a channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including the received beam information; and Send one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

15. The network node according to claim 12, wherein the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and wherein the at least one processor is further operable to cause the network node to: Receive a communication to update the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

16. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Send a capabilities communication to a network node, the capabilities communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; Receive an indication from the network node to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; And Send a measurement report to the network node, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capabilities communication includes a respective identifier for each measurement prediction mode of the one or more measurement prediction modes.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the first measurement prediction mode, and the method further Includes: Receive a communication from the network node activating the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report; And Receive one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam associated with the channel measurement resources, the channel measurement resources being associated with the predicted beam measurements.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and the method further Includes: Receive a communication from the network node activating the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resources being a quasi-co-location (QCL) source resource for the unknown TCI state; Receive an indication from the network node of a CSI-RS resource set associated with the repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state; Receive one or more CSI-RSs from the network node associated with the CSI-RS resource set; And Receive one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam based at least in part on measurements of the one or more CSI-RSs.

20. The method according to claim 16, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further Includes: Receive a communication from the network node activating the unknown TCI state, the unknown TCI state being associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report; And Receive one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state using a receive beam based at least in part on the received beam information.

21. The method according to claim 16, wherein the capability communication is radio resource control communication associated with an initial access performed together with the network node.

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and the method further comprises: sending a communication to the network node to update the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the measurement prediction mode is not included in the second set of measurement prediction modes, and wherein the UE supports the measurement prediction mode until the CSI report configuration associated with the measurement report is deactivated.

24. The method according to claim 16, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: sending an indication of the number of repetitions to be associated with the CSI-RS transmission to the network node; receiving a communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report; and receiving configuration or scheduling information for a CSI-RS set from the network node, the CSI-RS set being associated with the number of repetitions.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the indication of the number of repetitions includes an indication of at least one of the following: the number of received beams, or the number of synchronization signal block (SSB) periods.

26. The method according to claim 16, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: receiving a first communication from the network node to activate the unknown TCI state associated with the channel measurement resources indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including information associated with a set of received beams; receiving a second communication from the network node to schedule data communication associated with the unknown TCI state, the second communication indicating a received beam from the set of received beams; and receiving the data communication using the received beam.

27. A method of wireless communication performed by a network node, the method comprises: receiving capability communication associated with a user equipment (UE), the capability communication indicating one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE, the one or more measurement prediction modes including at least one of the following: a first measurement prediction mode associated with not receiving a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) transmission for activating an unknown transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state, a second measurement prediction mode associated with receiving a CSI-RS transmission for activating the unknown TCI state, or a third measurement prediction mode associated with the unknown TCI state including received beam information; sending an indication to cause the UE to report predicted beam measurements using a measurement prediction mode from the one or more measurement prediction modes; and Receive a measurement report associated with the UE, the measurement report indicating one or more predicted beam measurements that are predicted using the measurement prediction mode.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the second measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: Transmit a communication to activate the unknown TCI state that is associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the channel measurement resource being the quasi-co-location (QCL) source resource for the unknown TCI state; Transmit an indication of a CSI-RS resource set that is associated with the repetition to be associated with the unknown TCI state; Transmit one or more CSI-RSs associated with the CSI-RS resource set; and Transmit one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

29. The method according to claim 27, wherein the measurement prediction mode is the third measurement prediction mode, and the method further comprises: Transmit a communication to activate the unknown TCI state that is associated with the channel measurement resource indicated in the measurement report, the unknown TCI state including the receive beam information; and Transmit one or more signals associated with the unknown TCI state.

30. The method according to claim 27, wherein the one or more measurement prediction modes include a first set of one or more measurement prediction modes, and the method further comprises: Receive a communication to update the first set of one or more measurement prediction modes supported by the UE to a second set of one or more measurement prediction modes.

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