Communication method and system for cloud side end power network based on quantum key

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication method and system for a cloud edge end power network based on a quantum key, and belongs to the field of quantum key distribution, and the method comprises the steps: S1, obtaining a target pulse based on a compressed light source; s2, randomly generating a random number sequence and a first random number, acquiring a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase in cyclic differential phase shift, and coding a target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to acquire a pulse sequence; s3, after the receiving end receives the pulse sequence, randomly generating a second random number, performing interference on the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtaining an interference result, and obtaining interference generation information based on the interference result; and S4, obtaining a key based on the interference generation information, the first random number and the second random number, judging whether the number of the keys meets a preset requirement, if so, performing communication based on the key, and if not, executing S2. The technical problem that it is difficult to improve the communication efficiency while improving the communication safety is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum key distribution, and specifically to a communication method and system for cloud-edge power networks based on quantum keys. Background Art

[0002] With the vigorous development of information technology, the importance of information transmission security has become increasingly prominent. The existing technology mainly ensures security by obtaining keys. Therefore, the method of obtaining keys is also of great significance to ensuring the security of information transmission. For example, a multi-field measurement device-independent quantum conference key negotiation method and system with patent number CN117714057A, the method includes firstly preparing weak coherent state quantum signal light pulses from the first to Nth transmitting ends to send to the measuring end, and then the measuring end performs coherent measurement; the transmitting end screens the successful response events according to the published information and the selection of filtering, obtains the final successful response event set and calculates the number of successful response events; then pairs the successful response events and obtains the original key; then uses the decoyed state method to calculate the phase error rate, performs classical error correction, error verification and privacy amplification on the original key, and obtains the final key. The above scheme removes the requirement that the detectors of N users should respond in the same time window through asynchronous pairing, improves the coding rate, and to a certain extent breaks through the direct transmission limit of quantum communication. However, the above scheme uses weak coherent quantum signal light pulses as the light source. This light source has the problem of a high proportion of empty pulses, which limits the key generation rate, so the communication security is low. In complex and changeable communication environments such as cloud-edge power networks, the use of weak coherent quantum signal light pulses as the light source severely limits the communication range and increases the relay requirements, so the communication efficiency is low. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the technical problem that the existing technology is difficult to improve communication efficiency while improving communication security, the present invention provides a communication method for cloud-edge power networks based on quantum keys, which uses a compressed light source with an extremely low proportion of empty pulses as a quantum light source to obtain target pulses, thereby improving the key generation rate. By adding an orthogonal phase to the cyclic differential phase shift to obtain coding rules and obtain a pulse sequence, the complexity of applying the entrapped state technology to cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is reduced, and cyclic orthogonal differential phase shift key distribution is realized. The tolerance to quantum bit error rate is improved, and the ability to resist channel noise interference is enhanced. Therefore, the present invention overcomes the technical problem that it is difficult to improve communication efficiency while improving communication security.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key, comprising the following steps: S1: The transmitter obtains a compressed light source based on the compression equation and obtains a target pulse based on the compressed light source; S2: randomly generating a random number sequence and a first random number, acquiring a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase to a cyclic differential phase shift, and encoding a target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to acquire a pulse sequence; S3: After receiving the pulse sequence, the receiving end randomly generates a second random number, interferes with the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtains an interference result, and obtains interference occurrence information based on the interference result; S4: Obtain a key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number, and determine whether the key number meets the preset requirements. If so, communicate based on the key; if not, execute S2.

[0005] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages: Considering that the compressed light source has the advantage of extremely low empty pulse ratio, the compressed light source is used as a quantum light source to obtain the target pulse, thereby improving the key generation rate. Considering that the risk of information leakage in cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is only limited by the quantum state prepared by the transmitter, and has nothing to do with potential eavesdropping or quantum signal disturbances caused by noise in the channel, cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is used to reduce the complexity of applying the decoy state technology to cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution, improve the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, and enhance the ability to resist channel noise interference. At the same time, orthogonal phase acquisition coding rules are added to cyclic differential phase shift to realize cyclic orthogonal differential phase shift quantum key distribution, further improve the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, enhance the ability to resist channel noise interference, and overcome the technical problem of difficulty in improving communication efficiency while improving communication security; The receiving end increases the difficulty for an eavesdropper to crack the key by randomly generating a second random number and interfering with the pulse sequence. The key is obtained based on the interference information, the first random number and the second random number, so that the security of the key is guaranteed by the physical properties such as the non-cloning theorem of quantum states and quantum entanglement. Therefore, the security of the key is significantly improved, and the communication security is further improved.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, the compression equation is: In the formula, represents the compression operator, α represents the coherent light, ξ represents the compression parameter proportional to the amplitude of the pump light, * represents the conjugate complex number of ξ, represents the annihilation operator, represents the generation operator, n represents the number of photons in the compressed light source, v * represents the conjugate complex number of v, and H represents the Hermite polynomial; μ=cosh|ξ|, cosh represents the hyperbolic cosine function, and sinh represents the hyperbolic sine function.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the target pulse includes a signal state pulse and a plurality of decoy state pulses with different intensities.

[0008] In this scheme, the number of decoy state pulses is 2. By combining the compressed light source with cyclic differential phase-shift quantum key distribution, when the decoy state is introduced for communication, only two decoy states are needed to approximately achieve the performance level that can be obtained by using an infinite number of decoy states. This improves the efficiency of using decoy state resources while greatly improving communication efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, in S2, the encoding rules include at least four phase modulation rules, and the modulation phases corresponding to the four phase modulation rules are sequentially different by a basic phase; If the first random number is a first preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the first set value satisfies the first phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is the second preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the first set value satisfies the second phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is a first preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is a second set value satisfies the third phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is the second preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the second set value satisfies the fourth phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules.

[0010] Preferably, in S3, interfering the pulse sequence based on the second random number and obtaining the interference result, and obtaining the interference occurrence information based on the interference result includes: The pulse sequence is divided according to the optical characteristics to obtain a divided pulse sequence, and the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the upper arm in the divided pulse sequence is phase-adjusted and time-delayed based on the second random number and transmitted to the beam splitting device, and the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the lower arm in the divided pulse sequence is transmitted to the beam splitting device; Based on laser interference, all split pulse sequences transmitted to the beam splitting device are combined to obtain the interference result.

[0011] Preferably, the interference occurrence information at least includes the arrival position of the split pulse sequence transmitted via the upper arm and the arrival position of the split pulse sequence transmitted via the lower arm.

[0012] Preferably, in S4, the obtaining of the key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number comprises: if the first random number is equal to the second random number, obtaining the key based on the interference occurrence information; The expression for obtaining the key based on the interference information is: In the formula, s A represents the key, s i represents the arrival position of the split pulse sequence transmitted via the upper arm, represents XOR operation, s j Indicates the arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the lower arm.

[0013] Preferably, in S4, before the communication based on the key, the step further includes: If the number of keys meets the preset requirements, the keys will be error corrected and securely processed based on the error correction algorithm and privacy amplification function respectively.

[0014] Beneficial effects of this program: Considering that the compressed light source has the advantage of extremely low empty pulse ratio, the compressed light source is used as a quantum light source to obtain the target pulse, thereby improving the key generation rate. Considering that the risk of information leakage in cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is only limited by the quantum state prepared by the transmitter, and has nothing to do with potential eavesdropping or quantum signal disturbances caused by noise in the channel, cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is used to reduce the complexity of applying the decoy state technology to cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution, improve the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, and enhance the ability to resist channel noise interference. At the same time, orthogonal phase acquisition coding rules are added to cyclic differential phase shift to realize cyclic orthogonal differential phase shift quantum key distribution, further improve the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, enhance the ability to resist channel noise interference, and overcome the technical problem of difficulty in improving communication efficiency while improving communication security; The receiving end randomly generates a second random number and interferes with the pulse sequence, which increases the difficulty for eavesdroppers to crack the key. The key is obtained based on the interference information, the first random number and the second random number, so that the security of the key is guaranteed by the physical properties of quantum state non-cloning theorem and quantum entanglement, thereby significantly improving the security of the key. By combining the compressed light source with cyclic differential phase-shift quantum key distribution, when the decoyed state is introduced for communication, only two decoy states are needed to approximately achieve the performance level that can be obtained by using an infinite number of decoy states. This improves the efficiency of the use of decoy state resources while greatly improving communication efficiency.

[0015] The present invention also provides a communication system for a cloud-edge power network based on quantum keys, which is applicable to the communication method for a cloud-edge power network based on quantum keys, and includes a pulse acquisition module and a receiving module, wherein the pulse acquisition module includes a target pulse acquisition module and a pulse sequence acquisition module; The target pulse acquisition module is used to acquire a compressed light source based on a compression equation, and acquire a target pulse based on the compressed light source; The pulse sequence acquisition module is used to randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number, acquire a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase to a cyclic differential phase shift, and encode a target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to acquire a pulse sequence; The receiving module includes an interference occurrence information acquisition module and a key acquisition module; The interference occurrence information acquisition module is used to randomly generate a second random number, interfere with the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtain an interference result, and obtain interference occurrence information based on the interference result; The key acquisition module is used to acquire the key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number.

[0016] Preferably, the pulse sequence acquisition module includes a random number generation module, a coding rule generation module and a coding rule application module; The random number generation module is used to randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number; The coding rule generation module is used to obtain the coding rule by adding the orthogonal phase to the cyclic differential phase shift; The coding rule application module is used to encode the target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to obtain the pulse sequence.

[0017] Beneficial effects of this program: Considering that the compressed light source has the advantage of extremely low empty pulse ratio, the compressed light source is used as a quantum light source to obtain the target pulse, thereby improving the key generation rate. Considering that the risk of information leakage in cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is only limited by the quantum state prepared by the transmitter, and has nothing to do with potential eavesdropping or quantum signal disturbances caused by noise in the channel, cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution is used to reduce the complexity of applying the decoy state technology to cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution, improve the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, and enhance the ability to resist channel noise interference. At the same time, orthogonal phase acquisition coding rules are added to cyclic differential phase shift to realize cyclic orthogonal differential phase shift quantum key distribution, further improve the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, enhance the ability to resist channel noise interference, and overcome the technical problem of difficulty in improving communication efficiency while improving communication security; The receiving end increases the difficulty for an eavesdropper to crack the key by randomly generating a second random number and interfering with the pulse sequence. The key is obtained based on the interference information, the first random number and the second random number, so that the security of the key is guaranteed by the physical properties such as the non-cloning theorem of quantum states and quantum entanglement. Therefore, the security of the key is significantly improved, and the communication security is further improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating preferred embodiments and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. Also, the same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to represent the same parts.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a simulation result diagram of the communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication system for cloud-edge power networks based on quantum keys of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific implementation method described herein is only an optimal embodiment of the present invention, which is only used to explain the present invention and does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow charts describe the operations (or steps) as sequential processes, many of the operations (or steps) therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently, or simultaneously. In addition, the order of the operations can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but can also have additional steps not included in the drawings; the process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subprogram, etc.

[0022] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key includes the following steps: S1: The transmitter obtains a compressed light source based on the compression equation and obtains a target pulse based on the compressed light source.

[0023] In S1, the compression equation is: In the formula, represents the compression operator, α represents the coherent light, ξ represents the compression parameter proportional to the amplitude of the pump light, * represents the conjugate complex number of ξ, represents the annihilation operator, represents the generation operator, n represents the number of photons in the compressed light source, v * represents the conjugate complex number of v, and H represents the Hermite polynomial; μ=cosh|ξ|, cosh represents the hyperbolic cosine function, and sinh represents the hyperbolic sine function.

[0024] In S1, the target pulse includes a signal state pulse and a plurality of decoy state pulses with different intensities.

[0025] In this embodiment, the transmitter first sends the laser beam into an attenuator. The compressed light source is obtained by applying a compression operation in a specific direction of the coherent light. The coherent light |α> is incident on the nonlinear crystal to generate a light quantum state. The compression equation, i.e., the mathematical expression of the compression operation, shows that the probability of vacuum pulses and multi-photon pulses in the compressed light source is low, which indicates that the use of compressed light sources for key distribution can improve the generation rate of security keys and expand the coverage of secure communications. Therefore, when α 2 =3μv, the probability that each pulse of the compressed light source contains n photons is: Where v is the average pulse intensity and the parameter μ is H n is an nth-order Hermite polynomial. The proportion of empty pulses in the compressed light source is significantly reduced compared to the weak coherent state. Therefore, the use of compressed light sources for key distribution can resist higher channel interference capabilities and significantly improve the generation rate of secure keys. By using an infinite number of decoy states, the error rate e can be accurately estimated. n Y n and the generation rate Y n , the expressions of error rate and generation rate are: e n Y n =e 0 P d +e d (1-P d )[1-(1-η t η B) n ] Y n =1-(1-P d )(1-η t η B ) n Among them, the efficiency of the detector at the receiving end is expressed as η B , the error rate caused by background light is recorded as e 0 , the error rate caused by misalignment is expressed as e d , the dark count rate of the detector is recorded as P d , and the channel transmission efficiency is denoted as η t . Quantum bit error rate E Lμ Q Lμ and key gain Q Lμ It can be directly obtained through experiments that the expressions of quantum bit error rate and key gain are: By using a compressed light source and combining cyclic orthogonal differential phase-shift quantum key distribution with infinite decoy states, the average key generation rate per pulse can be calculated, which is expressed as: Where H(x) is Shannon entropy, Hx = -1-xlog 2 1-x-xlog 2x , f is the error correction efficiency, Q 1 =P d P 0 +Y 1 P 1 is the key gain of the single-photon pulse sequence. Since it is not feasible to use a compressed light source combined with an infinite number of decoy states for cyclic orthogonal differential phase-shift quantum key distribution in actual operation, it is necessary to consider using a finite number of decoy states as an alternative. In particular, when two decoy states are chosen, not only can the performance level that can be obtained by using an infinite number of decoy states be approximately achieved, but also the efficiency of the use of decoy state resources is improved. By calculating the equation group: Where Lμ' and Lμ" are the strengths of the two decoy states, and Lμ is the strength of the signal state. Therefore, the lower bound of the key generation rate for a pulse sequence containing 0 photons can be obtained: Further calculations can be used to find the lower bound of the key generation rate for a pulse sequence containing one photon: In particular, when the decoy state μ″→0, that is, using the vacuum state as one of the decoy states, the lower bound of the key generation rate for a pulse sequence containing one photon is Therefore, the key generation rate of cyclic orthogonal differential phase-shift quantum key distribution using a squeezed light source (Squeezed source, SZ) and two decoy states can be calculated: The lower bound of the key gain of the single-photon pulse sequence is Through the above method, it can be seen that the use of compressed light source can improve the key generation rate.

[0026] In this embodiment, the number of decoy state pulses is 2, and the size relationship between the decoy state pulses μ', μ" with different intensities and the signal state pulse μ is μ>μ'≥μ", μ>μ'+μ", and by combining the compressed light source with cyclic differential phase-shift quantum key distribution, when the decoy state is introduced for communication, only two decoy states are needed to approximately achieve the performance level that can be obtained by using an infinite number of decoy states, thereby greatly improving the communication efficiency while improving the utilization efficiency of the decoy state resources.

[0027] S2: Randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number, obtain a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase to the cyclic differential phase shift, and encode the target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to obtain a pulse sequence.

[0028] In S2, the encoding rules include at least four phase modulation rules, and the modulation phases corresponding to the four phase modulation rules are sequentially different by a basic phase; If the first random number is a first preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the first set value satisfies the first phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is the second preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the first set value satisfies the second phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is a first preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is a second set value satisfies the third phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is the second preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the second set value satisfies the fourth phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules.

[0029] In this embodiment, the sending end uses a quantum random number generator (QRNG) to generate a 0 / 1 random number sequence containing L bits, s 1 ,s 2 ,…,sL At the same time, another 0 / 1 first random number a is generated, where the first random number a is the basis information, and a=0 is defined as the Z basis and a=1 is defined as the X basis. Finally, the transmitter uses an intensity modulator to convert the compressed optical pulse into a sequence consisting of L pulses. Subsequently, the transmitter uses a phase modulator to convert the compressed optical pulse into a sequence consisting of L pulses according to the random number sequence s. 1 ,s 2 ,…,s L The phase of the pulse sequence is encoded by the value a of the base information. The four phase modulation rules are as follows: i = 0 and the base information a = 0, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to 0. i =0 and base information a=1, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to π / 2. i =1 and base information a=0, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to π. i =1 and base information a=1, the phase modulator modulates the phase of the pulse to 3π / 2. Finally, the transmitter transmits this encoded pulse sequence to the receiver through the quantum channel. The use of cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution reduces the complexity of applying the decoy state technology to cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution, improves the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, and enhances the ability to resist channel noise interference. At the same time, the orthogonal phase acquisition coding rules are added to the cyclic differential phase shift to realize cyclic orthogonal differential phase shift quantum key distribution, further improving the tolerance of quantum bit error rate and enhancing the ability to resist channel noise interference. Figure 2 As shown, the performance results of the key generation rate with the error rate when the pulse sequence length L=8 and the channel loss is 6dB show that the protocol (SZ-RRDQPS-QKD) of the present invention can withstand very high error rates, and can still generate secure keys even when the error rate exceeds 14%, while the fault tolerance of the traditional quantum key distribution (BB84-QKD+infinitedecoystates) is relatively low, that is, it cannot generate secure keys when the error rate exceeds 9%. Therefore, the present invention has stronger fault tolerance. In addition, the performance of using two decoy states (SZ-RRDQPS-QKD+twodecoystates) is almost comparable to the performance of using infinite decoy states (SZ-RRDQPS-QKD+infinitedecoystates). This advantage significantly reduces the resource consumption caused by the use of multiple decoy states, thereby making the present invention have extremely high practical application value.

[0030] S3: After receiving the pulse sequence, the receiving end randomly generates a second random number, interferes with the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtains an interference result, and obtains interference occurrence information based on the interference result.

[0031] In S3, interfering the pulse sequence based on the second random number and obtaining an interference result, and obtaining interference occurrence information based on the interference result includes: The pulse sequence is divided according to the optical characteristics to obtain a divided pulse sequence, and the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the upper arm in the divided pulse sequence is phase-adjusted and time-delayed based on the second random number and transmitted to the beam splitting device, and the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the lower arm in the divided pulse sequence is transmitted to the beam splitting device; Based on laser interference, all split pulse sequences transmitted to the beam splitting device are combined to obtain the interference result.

[0032] The interference occurrence information includes at least an arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the upper arm and an arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the lower arm.

[0033] In this embodiment, after receiving the pulse sequence, the receiving end will guide it into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for processing. In the interferometer, the pulse sequence first encounters the first beam splitter (BS), which divides the pulse sequence into pulse sequences on two paths through optical characteristics: one is transmitted through the lower arm, and the other is transmitted through the upper arm. It is worth noting that the upper arm path is equipped with a phase modulator and a variable delay, and the phase modulator and the variable delay are used to adjust and delay the split pulse sequence transmitted through the upper arm. At the same time, the receiving end will also start the quantum random number generator (QRNG) to generate a random number r (-L+1≤r≤-1 or 1≤r≤L-1) and a second random number b (0 or 1). When the second random number b=0, it means that the receiving end selects the Z basis, and the receiving end uses the phase modulator to modulate the pulse sequence to a phase of 0. When the second random number b=1, it means that the receiving end selects the X basis, and the receiving end uses the phase modulator to modulate the pulse sequence to a phase of π / 2. Finally, the receiver uses a variable delay device to adjust the delay of the upper arm pulse sequence by r pulse units. The receiver uses a second beam splitter to combine the two pulse sequences that pass through different paths and interfere with each other. Then, the receiver uses two detectors (labeled as D 0 and D 1) to measure the result of interference. If the detector successfully generates the interference result, that is, the measurement result, the receiving end will record the base information selected for this transmission, and determine the interference occurrence information, that is, the location information i, j where the interference occurs. The location information includes the location of the lower arm pulse (denoted as i) and the location of the upper arm pulse after delay (denoted as j). If the measurement result is not successfully obtained, the receiving end will abandon the transmission. Afterwards, the receiving end will tell the sending end the recorded base information and location information i, j through an open communication channel. The receiving end increases the difficulty for eavesdroppers to crack the key by randomly generating a second random number and interfering with the pulse sequence, thereby improving the security of the key and thus improving the security of communications.

[0034] S4: Obtain a key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number, and determine whether the key number meets the preset requirements. If so, communicate based on the key; if not, execute S2.

[0035] In S4, obtaining the key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number includes: If the first random number is equal to the second random number, obtaining a key based on the interference occurrence information; The expression for obtaining the key based on the interference information is: In the formula, s A represents the key, s i represents the arrival position of the split pulse sequence transmitted via the upper arm, represents XOR operation, s j Indicates the arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the lower arm.

[0036] In S4, before the communication based on the key, the process further includes: If the number of keys meets the preset requirements, the keys will be error corrected and securely processed based on the error correction algorithm and privacy amplification function respectively.

[0037] In this embodiment, the sending end tells the receiving end its first random number, i.e., the base information. When the bases selected by the sending end and the receiving end are the same, the receiving end generates a random number according to the detector D. 0 Generate response key s B =0, according to detector D 1 Generate response key s B = 1. When the bases selected by the sender and the receiver are different, the measurement results are discarded and not used to generate the key. The sender retains the results of the same base and obtains the key based on the position information i, j. The sender and receiver repeat the previous steps, where the preset requirements are flexibly set according to user needs, and gradually accumulate a sufficient amount of key materials. Finally, both parties will use error correction and privacy amplification technology to process these keys to ensure the final secure key. The key is obtained based on the interference information, the first random number and the second random number, so that the security of the key is guaranteed by the physical properties of the quantum state's non-cloning theorem and quantum entanglement, which significantly improves the security of the key and further improves the security of communication.

[0038] Embodiment 2: like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a communication system for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key, which is applicable to the communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key, including a pulse acquisition module and a receiving module, wherein the pulse acquisition module includes a target pulse acquisition module and a pulse sequence acquisition module; The target pulse acquisition module is used to acquire a compressed light source based on a compression equation, and acquire a target pulse based on the compressed light source; The pulse sequence acquisition module is used to randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number, acquire a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase to a cyclic differential phase shift, and encode a target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to acquire a pulse sequence; The receiving module includes an interference occurrence information acquisition module and a key acquisition module; The interference occurrence information acquisition module is used to randomly generate a second random number, interfere with the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtain an interference result, and obtain interference occurrence information based on the interference result; The key acquisition module is used to acquire the key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number.

[0039] The pulse sequence acquisition module includes a random number generation module, a coding rule generation module and a coding rule application module; the random number generation module is used to randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number; The coding rule generation module is used to obtain the coding rule by adding the orthogonal phase to the cyclic differential phase shift; The coding rule application module is used to encode the target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to obtain the pulse sequence.

[0040] In this embodiment, the target pulse acquisition module includes an attenuator and a nonlinear crystal. The transmitter first sends the laser beam into an attenuator, which is then used as the pump light of the nonlinear crystal to generate a compressed light source. By adjusting the attenuator, the transmitter can generate pump light of different intensities, thereby generating target pulses, i.e., decoy state pulses μ', μ" and signal state pulses μ with different intensities, where μ>μ'≥μ", μ>μ'+μ". The random number generation module is a quantum random number QRNG, and the coding rule generation module and the coding rule application module are composed of an intensity modulator and a phase modulator. The transmitter uses a quantum random number generator (QRNG) to generate a 0 / 1 random number sequence containing L bits, s 1 ,s 2 ,…,s L At the same time, another 0 / 1 first random number a is generated, where the first random number a is the basis information, and a=0 is defined as the Z basis and a=1 is defined as the X basis. Finally, the transmitter uses an intensity modulator to convert the compressed optical pulse into a sequence consisting of L pulses. Subsequently, the transmitter uses a phase modulator to convert the compressed optical pulse into a sequence consisting of L pulses according to the random number sequence s. 1 ,s 2 ,…,s L The phase of the pulse sequence is encoded by the value a of the base information. The four phase modulation rules are as follows: i = 0 and the base information a = 0, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to 0. i =0 and base information a=1, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to π / 2. i =1 and base information a=0, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to π. i =1 and the base information a=1, the phase modulator modulates the pulse phase to 3π / 2. Finally, the transmitter transmits this encoded pulse sequence to the receiver through the quantum channel. Using cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution reduces the complexity of applying the decoy state technology to cyclic differential phase shift quantum key distribution, improves the tolerance of quantum bit error rate, and enhances the ability to resist channel noise interference. At the same time, by adding orthogonal phase acquisition coding rules to cyclic differential phase shift, cyclic orthogonal differential phase shift quantum key distribution is realized, which further improves the tolerance of quantum bit error rate and enhances the ability to resist channel noise interference.

[0041] In this embodiment, the interference information acquisition module and the key acquisition module are composed of a beam splitter, a quantum random number QRNG, a phase modulator and a variable delay. After receiving the pulse sequence, the receiving end will guide it into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer for processing. In the interferometer, the pulse sequence first encounters the first beam splitter (BS), which divides the pulse sequence into pulse sequences on two paths through optical characteristics: one is transmitted through the lower arm, and the other is transmitted through the upper arm. It is worth noting that the upper arm path is equipped with a phase modulator and a variable delay, and the phase modulator and the variable delay are used to adjust and delay the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the upper arm. At the same time, the receiving end will also start the quantum random number generator (QRNG) to generate a random number r (-L+1≤r≤-1 or 1≤r≤L-1) and a second random number b (0 or 1). When the second random number b=0, it means that the receiving end selects the Z basis, and the receiving end modulates the pulse sequence by phase 0 using the phase modulator. When the second random number b=1, it means that the receiver selects the X basis. The receiver uses a phase modulator to modulate the pulse sequence by a phase of π / 2. Finally, the receiver uses a variable delay to adjust the delay of the upper arm pulse sequence by r pulse units. The receiver uses a second beam splitter to combine the two pulse sequences that pass through different paths and interfere with each other. Then, the receiver uses two detectors (respectively marked as D 0 and D 1 ) to measure the interference result. If the detector successfully generates the interference result, that is, the measurement result, the receiving end will record the basis information selected for this transmission, and determine the interference occurrence information, that is, the location information i, j where the interference occurs. The location information includes the location of the lower arm pulse (denoted as i) and the location of the upper arm pulse after delay (denoted as j). If the measurement result is not successfully obtained, the receiving end will abandon the transmission. Afterwards, the receiving end will tell the sending end the recorded basis information and location information i, j through an open communication channel. When the basis selected by the sending end and the receiving end is the same, the receiving end will determine the location information i, j based on the detector D. 0 Generate response key s B =0, according to detector D 1 Generate response key s B = 1. When the bases selected by the sender and the receiver are different, the measurement results are discarded and not used to generate the key. The sender retains the results of the same base and obtains the key based on the position information i, j. The sender and receiver repeat the previous steps, where the preset requirements are flexibly set according to user needs, and gradually accumulate a sufficient amount of key materials. Finally, both parties will use error correction and privacy amplification technology to process these keys to ensure the final secure key. The key is obtained based on the interference information, the first random number and the second random number, so that the security of the key is guaranteed by the physical properties of the quantum state's non-cloning theorem and quantum entanglement, which significantly improves the security of the key and further improves the security of communication.

[0042] The specific implementation described above is a preferred implementation of the communication method and system for cloud-edge power networks based on quantum keys of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the specific implementation scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention includes but is not limited to this specific implementation. All equivalent changes made in accordance with the shape and structure of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The transmitter obtains a compressed light source based on the compression equation and obtains a target pulse based on the compressed light source; S2: randomly generating a random number sequence and a first random number, acquiring a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase to a cyclic differential phase shift, and encoding a target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to acquire a pulse sequence; S3: After receiving the pulse sequence, the receiving end randomly generates a second random number, interferes with the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtains an interference result, and obtains interference occurrence information based on the interference result; S4: Obtain a key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number, and determine whether the key number meets the preset requirements. If so, communicate based on the key; if not, execute S2.

2. According to claim 1, the communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key is characterized in that: In S1, the compression equation is: In the formula, represents the compression operator, α represents the coherent light, ξ represents the compression parameter proportional to the amplitude of the pump light, * represents the conjugate complex number of ξ, represents the annihilation operator, represents the generation operator, n represents the number of photons in the compressed light source, v * represents the conjugate complex number of v, H( ) represents the Hermite polynomial; μ = cosh(|ξ|), cosh() represents the hyperbolic cosine function, and sinh() represents the hyperbolic sine function.

3. According to claim 1, the communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key is characterized in that: In S1, the target pulse includes a signal state pulse and a plurality of decoy state pulses with different intensities.

4. The communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S2, the encoding rules include at least four phase modulation rules, and the modulation phases corresponding to the four phase modulation rules are sequentially different by a basic phase; If the first random number is a first preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the first set value satisfies the first phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is the second preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the first set value satisfies the second phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is a first preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is a second set value satisfies the third phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules; If the first random number is the second preset value, then the number sequence item whose value in the random number sequence is the second set value satisfies the fourth phase modulation rule among the four phase modulation rules.

5. The communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In S3, interfering the pulse sequence based on the second random number and obtaining an interference result, and obtaining interference occurrence information based on the interference result includes: The pulse sequence is divided according to the optical characteristics to obtain a divided pulse sequence, and the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the upper arm in the divided pulse sequence is phase-adjusted and time-delayed based on the second random number and transmitted to the beam splitting device, and the divided pulse sequence transmitted through the lower arm in the divided pulse sequence is transmitted to the beam splitting device; Based on laser interference, all split pulse sequences transmitted to the beam splitting device are combined to obtain the interference result.

6. The quantum key-based communication method for cloud-edge power network according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The interference occurrence information includes at least an arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the upper arm and an arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the lower arm.

7. The communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In S4, obtaining the key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number includes: If the first random number is equal to the second random number, obtaining a key based on the interference occurrence information; The expression for obtaining the key based on the interference information is: In the formula, s A represents the key, s i represents the arrival position of the split pulse sequence transmitted via the upper arm, represents XOR operation, s j Indicates the arrival position of the divided pulse sequence transmitted via the lower arm.

8. The quantum key-based communication method for cloud-edge power network according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, before the communication based on the key, the process further includes: If the number of keys meets the preset requirements, the keys will be error corrected and securely processed based on the error correction algorithm and privacy amplification function respectively.

9. A communication system for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key, applicable to the communication method for cloud-edge power network based on quantum key according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a pulse acquisition module and a receiving module, characterized in that: The pulse acquisition module includes a target pulse acquisition module and a pulse sequence acquisition module; The target pulse acquisition module is used to acquire a compressed light source based on a compression equation, and acquire a target pulse based on the compressed light source; The pulse sequence acquisition module is used to randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number, acquire a coding rule by adding an orthogonal phase to a cyclic differential phase shift, and encode a target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to acquire a pulse sequence; The receiving module includes an interference occurrence information acquisition module and a key acquisition module; The interference occurrence information acquisition module is used to randomly generate a second random number, interfere with the pulse sequence based on the second random number, obtain an interference result, and obtain interference occurrence information based on the interference result; The key acquisition module is used to acquire the key based on the interference occurrence information, the first random number and the second random number.

10. The quantum key-based communication system for cloud-edge power networks according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pulse sequence acquisition module includes a random number generation module, a coding rule generation module and a coding rule application module; The random number generation module is used to randomly generate a random number sequence and a first random number; The coding rule generation module is used to obtain the coding rule by adding the orthogonal phase to the cyclic differential phase shift; The coding rule application module is used to encode the target pulse based on the coding rule, the random number sequence and the first random number to obtain a pulse sequence.

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