A forest community biomass stability monitoring device and method based on ground-based laser radar

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of forest community biomass stability monitoring device and method based on ground-based laser radar in the technical field of forest community biomass stability research, comprising: mounting seat and the supporting leg of being arranged on mounting seat, laser radar and data processing equipment are arranged on the mounting seat, the mounting seat includes receiving box and the supporting plate of being slidably arranged in receiving box, the data processing equipment is arranged on supporting plate, the receiving box is detachably provided with the fixed sample stake for being arranged in fixed sample plot, and a plurality of hanging cards for marking the vegetation of fixed sample plot are sleeved on the fixed sample stake;The LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data of forest vegetation of fixed sample plot is obtained by laser radar, the data processing equipment processes the obtained LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data, and the forest community biomass stability is obtained, the dependence on staff is reduced, and the accuracy of forest community biomass stability monitoring is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest community biomass stability research technology, specifically to a forest community biomass stability monitoring device and method based on ground-based lidar. Background Technology

[0002] With the impacts of global climate change and human activities, forest ecosystems are facing unprecedented challenges. Forests are not only one of the most important carbon sinks on Earth, but also play an irreplaceable role in maintaining biodiversity, regulating climate, and providing water resources. Therefore, accurately assessing and monitoring the biomass and stability of forest communities is crucial for formulating scientific and reasonable resource management and environmental protection strategies. Traditionally, the measurement of forest biomass mainly relies on field surveys (such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height measurement), which have poor measurement accuracy and affect the monitoring of forest community biomass stability. In addition, the measurement process requires carrying a variety of tools (such as radar, computers, and fixed stakes), which are scattered and cumbersome to carry, increasing the workload of staff. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forest community biomass stability monitoring device and method based on ground-based lidar, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, which are that the measurement of forest biomass mainly relies on field surveys, which has poor measurement accuracy and affects the monitoring of forest community biomass stability. Furthermore, the measurement process requires carrying multiple tools, which are scattered and disorganized.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar, comprising: a mounting base and legs provided on the mounting base, wherein the mounting base is provided with lidar and data processing equipment, the lidar is used to acquire LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of forest vegetation in a fixed sample plot, and the data processing equipment is used to process the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data, calculate the average value of aboveground biomass of individual plants and the standard deviation of aboveground biomass, and determine the forest community biomass stability based on the quotient of the average value of aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of aboveground biomass;

[0005] The mounting base includes a storage box and a tray that slides inside the storage box. The data processing device is mounted on the tray. The storage box is detachably equipped with a fixed sample stake for setting in a fixed sample plot. Several tags for marking the vegetation in the fixed sample plot are fitted onto the fixed sample stake.

[0006] Preferably, a movable frame is slidably provided inside the storage box, a rack is provided on the movable frame, a gear for meshing with the rack and a torsion spring connected to the gear are rotatably provided inside the storage box, a flexible connector for connecting with the support plate is provided on the shaft of the gear, and a counterweight is provided on the movable frame;

[0007] The tray is equipped with a limiting block that restricts its movement into the storage box.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the fixed sample post is provided with a connector for detachable connection with the storage box, and the other end of the fixed sample post is provided with a stop block.

[0009] Preferably, the fixed sample pile includes several pile bodies.

[0010] Preferably, the pile body includes a first rod and a second rod movably mounted on the first rod. The second rod has a mounting groove on its side wall. A fixing block and an elastic element connected to the fixing block are slidably mounted in the mounting groove. The end of the second rod away from the first rod has a mounting hole. A limiting block for restricting the movement of the fixing block is slidably mounted in the mounting hole. A push rod for pushing the limiting block and extending to the outside of the mounting hole is slidably mounted in the mounting hole.

[0011] Preferably, the first rod is provided with an indicator light, and the side wall of the fixed plug is provided with a switch to control the indicator light to light up when the push rod touches the switch.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the support leg is provided with a groove, a rotating shaft is rotatably provided in the groove, a support plate is provided on the rotating shaft, a movable block is slidably provided on the side wall of the support leg, a pull rope for connecting with the movable block is wound on the rotating shaft, and a locking block for fixing the movable block is provided on the support leg.

[0013] Preferably, a method for monitoring forest community biomass stability based on ground-based lidar, utilizing the aforementioned ground-based lidar-based forest community biomass stability monitoring device, includes the following steps:

[0014] S1: Move the monitoring device to the fixed sample plot and fix it with the support legs. Remove the fixed sample stake from the storage box and fix it to the fixed sample plot. Then hang the tag on each tree.

[0015] S2: LiDAR acquires LiDAR 3D structural point cloud data of forest vegetation in fixed sample plots. Data processing equipment processes the acquired LiDAR 3D structural point cloud data to calculate vegetation height, volume and biomass. Individual plants are segmented into trunks to obtain the spatial location of each tree. Tree height and diameter at breast height are extracted. The average aboveground biomass and standard deviation of aboveground biomass of all plant individuals are quantitatively calculated. The biomass stability of the forest community is determined based on the quotient of the average aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of aboveground biomass.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. Acquire LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of forest vegetation in fixed sample plots using lidar. Data processing equipment processes the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data to determine the biomass stability of the forest community, reducing reliance on staff and improving the accuracy of monitoring forest community biomass stability.

[0018] 2. By installing the lidar, data processing equipment, and fixed sample piles onto the mounting base, and attaching the tag to the outer wall of the fixed sample piles, the monitoring tools are integrated into one device, making it convenient for staff to carry. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the forest community biomass stability monitoring device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting base of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support leg and the support plate of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed sample pile structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the pile body of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Mounting base; 101. Storage box; 102. Tray; 103. Movable frame; 104. Counterweight; 105. Flexible connector; 106. Gear; 107. Limiting block; 2. LiDAR; 3. Data processing equipment; 4. Support leg; 5. Fixed sample pile; 51. Pile body; 511. First rod body; 512. Second rod body; 513. Indicator light; 514. Mounting hole; 515. Push rod; 516. Mounting groove; 517. Fixed insert; 518. Limiting block; 519. Elastic element; 520. Switch; 52. Block; 53. Connector; 6. Hanging tag; 7. Slot; 8. Support plate; 9. Movable block; 10. Pull rope; 11. Locking block; 12. Rotating shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Please see Figure 1 A forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar includes: a mounting base 1, which includes a storage box 101 and a tray 102. The tray 102 is slidably inserted into the inner cavity of the storage box 101. Several support legs 4 are hinged to the bottom wall of the storage box 101. A lidar 2 is installed on the top wall of the storage box 101. A data processing device 3 (such as a computer) is installed on the tray 102.

[0031] Please see Figure 1 The bottom wall of the storage box 101 is detachably provided with a fixed sample stake 5, and several hanging tags 6 are fitted on the outer wall of the fixed sample stake 5.

[0032] A method for monitoring forest community biomass stability based on ground-based lidar is as follows:

[0033] First, move the monitoring device to the fixed sample plot, then unfold the support leg 4 and place it on the ground to fix the monitoring device. Remove the fixed sample stake 5 from the storage box 101 and fix it in the fixed sample plot. Then hang the tag 6 on each tree.

[0034] Second, the lidar 2 acquires LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data of forest vegetation in the fixed sample plot. The data processing device 3 processes the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structural point cloud data, calculates vegetation height, volume and biomass. Based on the solution results of the fixed sample plot point cloud dataset, the individual plants are segmented into dry wood, the spatial location of each individual tree is obtained, the point cloud solution results of the individual trees are extracted, important parameters such as tree height and diameter at breast height are accurately obtained, the average value (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of aboveground biomass of all individual plants are quantitatively calculated, and the temporal stability (S) of aboveground biomass is determined.

[0035] It should be noted that S = μ / σ. Specifically, when the interannual increase in the average biomass is greater than the standard deviation of biomass, the temporal stability of biomass is enhanced.

[0036] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 A movable frame 103 is slidably disposed within the inner cavity of the storage box 101. The movable frame 103 and the tray 102 are symmetrically slidably disposed on both sides of the inner cavity of the storage box 101. A rack is provided on the movable frame 103. A gear 106 is rotatably disposed within the storage box 101. The gear 106 meshes with the rack. A torsion spring is installed between the gear 106 and the storage box 101. A flexible connector 105 (such as a rope, but not limited to a rope) is wound around the shaft of the gear 106. The end of the flexible connector 105 away from the gear 106 is connected to the tray 102. A counterweight 104 (such as a metal block) is provided on the movable frame 103. A limiting block 107 is slidably disposed on the tray 102. A spring is installed between the limiting block 107 and the tray 102. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to monitoring.) During the process, the pallet 102 is pulled to move the data processing device 3 out of the storage box 101. At this time, the flexible connector 105 is pulled, causing the gear 106 to rotate and release the flexible connector 105. The rotation of the gear 106 will cause the moving frame 103 to move with the counterweight 104 to the outside of the storage box 101, so that the force on both sides of the storage box 101 is even, and the monitoring device is prevented from tilting or tipping over during the monitoring process. After the pallet 102 moves outward and the limiting block 107 moves out of the storage box 101, the limiting block 107 moves to fit against the side wall of the storage box 101 through the action of the spring, so as to prevent the pallet 102 from moving into the storage box 101 and to position the pallet 102.

[0037] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 6One end of the fixed sample pile 5 is provided with a connector 53 (threaded rod), and the bottom of the storage box 101 is provided with a threaded hole. The threaded rod is screwed into the threaded hole to realize the detachable connection between the fixed sample pile 5 and the storage box 101. The other end of the fixed sample pile 5 is provided with a detachable stop block 52 (the end of the fixed sample pile 5 is provided with a snap-fit ​​groove, and the stop block 52 is provided with a snap-fit ​​block. The snap-fit ​​block is inserted into the snap-fit ​​groove to realize the detachable connection between the fixed sample pile 5 and the stop block 52). The stop block 52 is used to support the hanging tag 6 on the outer wall of the fixed sample pile 5. When it is necessary to remove the hanging tag 6 from the outer wall of the fixed sample pile 5, the stop block 52 is first removed from the end of the fixed sample pile 5.

[0038] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 6 The fixed sample pile 5 includes several pile bodies 51; the fixed sample pile 5 can be disassembled into multiple pile bodies 51 for installation in a fixed sample plot.

[0039] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 The pile body 51 includes a first rod 511 and a second rod 512. A screw hole is provided at the end of the first rod 511, and a screw is installed at the end of the second rod 512. The screw is screwed into the screw hole. Rotating the second rod 512 changes the position of the screw within the screw hole, thus adjusting the length of the pile body 51. An installation groove 516 is provided on the side wall of the second rod 512. A fixing block 517 is slidably disposed within the cavity of the installation groove 516. An elastic element 519 (spring) is installed between the installation groove 516 and the fixing block 517. An installation hole 514 is provided at the end of the second rod 512 away from the first rod 511. A limiting block 518 is slidably disposed within the cavity of the installation hole 514. A limiting block 517 is provided on the side wall of the fixing block 517. The groove, one end of the limiting block 518 is inserted into the limiting groove to restrict the movement of the fixed insert 517. A push rod 515 is slidably provided in the inner cavity of the mounting hole 514. One end of the push rod 515 extends to the outside of the mounting hole 514 (a support plate is installed at the end of the push rod 515 away from the second rod body 512). When the fixed sample pile 5 is inserted into the soil of the fixed sample site, the second rod body 512 is inserted into the soil, which will cause the push rod 515 to move into the interior of the mounting hole 514, pushing the limiting block 518 to move out of the limiting groove, releasing the restriction on the fixed insert 517. Under the action of the elastic element 519, the fixed insert 517 moves outward and is inserted laterally into the soil, increasing the stability of the pile body 51 inserted into the soil, and making the pile body 51 installed stably.

[0040] It should be noted that a spring is installed between the push rod 515 and the mounting hole 514.

[0041] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 8The first rod 511 is equipped with an indicator light 513 (LED light), and the side wall of the fixing block 517 is equipped with a switch 520. When the push rod 515 moves into the mounting hole 514, it will touch the switch 520 to turn on the power of the indicator light 513, making it light up and making the pile 51 more obvious, thus increasing the marking effect of the pile 51. When the pile 51 is tilted, the push rod 515 is reduced by the pressure of the soil and moves to the outside of the mounting hole 514, so that the pressure of the push rod 515 on the switch 520 disappears, and the indicator light 513 stops lighting up, thus serving as a reminder that the pile 51 is tilted.

[0042] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The bottom of the support leg 4 has a slot 7, and a rotating shaft 12 is rotatably mounted in the slot 7 (a spring is provided between the rotating shaft 12 and the slot 7). A support plate 8 is mounted on the rotating shaft 12, and a moving block 9 is slidably mounted on the side wall of the support leg 4. A pull rope 10 is wound on the rotating shaft 12, and the end of the pull rope 10 away from the rotating shaft 12 is connected to the moving block 9. A locking block 11 is provided on the support leg 4, and a locking groove is provided on the side of the moving block 9 facing the locking block 11. The support plate 8 is extended to make lateral contact with the ground, increasing the contact area between the support leg 4 and the ground and preventing the monitoring device from sinking.

[0043] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar, comprising: The mounting base (1) and the support legs (4) provided on the mounting base (1) are characterized in that: the mounting base (1) is provided with a laser radar (2) and a data processing device (3), the laser radar (2) is used to acquire LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data of forest vegetation in a fixed sample plot, and the data processing device (3) is used to process the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data, calculate the average value of aboveground biomass of individual plants and the standard deviation of aboveground biomass, and calculate the biomass stability of the forest community based on the quotient of the average value of aboveground biomass and the standard deviation of aboveground biomass; The mounting base (1) includes a storage box (101) and a tray (102) that is slidably disposed in the storage box (101). The data processing device (3) is disposed on the tray (102). The storage box (101) is detachably provided with a fixed sample stake (5) for setting in a fixed sample plot. The fixed sample stake (5) is fitted with several tags (6) for marking the vegetation in the fixed sample plot. The storage box (101) is slidably provided with a movable frame (103), the movable frame (103) is provided with a rack, the storage box (101) is rotatably provided with a gear (106) for meshing with the rack and a torsion spring connected to the gear (106), the shaft of the gear (106) is provided with a flexible connector (105) for connecting with the tray (102), and the movable frame (103) is provided with a counterweight (104). The tray (102) is slidably provided with a limiting block (107) for restricting the movement of the tray (102) into the storage box (101).

2. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the fixed sample post (5) is provided with a connector (53) for detachable connection with the storage box (101), and the other end of the fixed sample post (5) is provided with a stop block (52).

3. The forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixed sample pile (5) includes several pile bodies (51).

4. A forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pile body (51) includes a first rod body (511) and a second rod body (512) movably mounted on the first rod body (511). The second rod body (512) has an installation groove (516) on its side wall. A fixing block (517) and an elastic element (519) connected to the fixing block (517) are slidably provided in the installation groove (516). The second rod body (512) has an installation hole (514) at one end away from the first rod body (511). A limiting block (518) for restricting the movement of the fixing block (517) is slidably provided in the installation hole (514). A push rod (515) for pushing the limiting block (518) to move and extending to the outside of the installation hole (514) is slidably provided in the installation hole (514).

5. A forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first rod (511) is provided with an indicator light (513), and the side wall of the fixed plug (517) is provided with a switch (520) to control the indicator light (513) to light up when the push rod (515) touches the switch (520).

6. A forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the support leg (4) is provided with a groove (7), a rotating shaft (12) is rotatably provided in the groove (7), a support plate (8) is provided on the rotating shaft (12), a moving block (9) is slidably provided on the side wall of the support leg (4), a pull rope (10) for connecting with the moving block (9) is wound on the rotating shaft (12), and a locking block (11) for fixing the moving block (9) is provided on the support leg (4).

7. A method for monitoring forest community biomass stability based on ground-based lidar, utilizing a forest community biomass stability monitoring device based on ground-based lidar as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: Move the monitoring device to the fixed sample plot and fix it with the support (4). Remove the fixed sample stake (5) from the storage box (101) and fix it to the fixed sample plot. Then hang the tag (6) on each tree. S2: The lidar (2) acquires the LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data of forest vegetation in the fixed sample plot. The data processing equipment (3) processes the acquired LiDAR three-dimensional structure point cloud data, calculates the vegetation height, volume and biomass, divides the individual plants into dry wood, obtains the spatial location of each individual tree, extracts the tree height and diameter at breast height of the individual trees, quantitatively calculates the average value and standard deviation of the aboveground biomass of all individual plants, and calculates the forest community biomass stability based on the quotient of the average value and standard deviation of the aboveground biomass.

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