Laser brake performance tester

Abstract

The present invention discloses a laser braking performance tester, which belongs to the field of braking performance testing technology. It includes a laser tester for testing the braking performance of agricultural machinery. The laser tester is equipped with an agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module, a braking data acquisition module, a braking force analysis module, a braking deceleration acquisition module, a braking performance evaluation module, and a braking data display module. Through the collaboration of multiple modules, the present invention achieves a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the braking performance of agricultural machinery, can accurately determine whether the braking performance is normal, provide a reliable basis for the safety testing of agricultural machinery, ensure the driving safety of agricultural machinery during operation, and improve the reliability and stability of agricultural machinery use. It solves the problem that the detection principles and technical means adopted by some existing detection equipment are relatively backward, making it difficult to accurately measure key parameters during vehicle braking, resulting in the accuracy and reliability of the detection results failing to meet actual needs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of braking performance detection, and in particular relates to a laser braking performance detector. Background Art

[0002] In vehicle safety performance testing, braking performance is a crucial indicator. Accurately testing the vehicle's braking performance is of great significance for ensuring road traffic safety and reducing traffic accidents.

[0003] In the more specific area of agricultural machinery braking performance testing, currently widely used testing equipment has significant technical limitations. For example, traditional testing methods often rely on contact sensors or mechanical measuring tools, which struggle to accurately and in real time capture key parameters of the machine's braking process, such as braking distance, braking time, and braking force. Especially in dynamic testing, the response speed and data acquisition accuracy of traditional equipment are often insufficient to capture the changes in braking performance of agricultural machinery under complex operating conditions, resulting in test results that are neither accurate nor reliable enough to meet practical requirements.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies have significant deficiencies in data processing and analysis. Many testing devices lack the ability to effectively pre-process and deeply analyze raw measurement data, making it impossible to comprehensively assess the multi-dimensional performance of agricultural machinery, such as braking stability, energy consumption, and braking deceleration. This limitation not only affects the comprehensiveness and scientific nature of test results, but also restricts the timely detection and accurate diagnosis of potential problems in agricultural machinery braking systems, posing a threat to the safety of agricultural machinery during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser braking performance tester that can accurately determine whether the braking performance is normal and provide a reliable basis for the safety detection of agricultural machinery.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a laser brake performance tester, comprising a laser tester for testing the brake performance of agricultural machinery, wherein the laser tester is provided with:

[0007] The agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module is used to acquire the agricultural machinery raw data, including raw displacement data, raw velocity data, and raw force data, and to stamp the acquired agricultural machinery raw data with a microsecond time stamp and perform preprocessing to obtain the preprocessed agricultural machinery raw data;

[0008] Braking data acquisition module, used to obtain braking data, including braking distance and braking time, the braking distance is obtained based on the pre-processed agricultural machinery raw data, and the braking time is obtained based on the timestamp data;

[0009] Braking force analysis module, used to perform time domain analysis on the pre-processed raw force data to obtain the maximum braking force;

[0010] A braking deceleration acquisition module is used to smooth the pre-processed raw speed data to obtain an instantaneous deceleration, and obtain the braking deceleration based on the instantaneous deceleration;

[0011] The braking performance evaluation module obtains braking performance evaluation data based on a comprehensive evaluation of braking data, maximum braking force, and braking deceleration, and determines whether the braking performance of the agricultural machinery is normal based on the braking performance evaluation data;

[0012] The brake data display module includes a display screen and a printer for displaying the brake performance parameters of the agricultural machinery in real time. The laser detector is provided with a protective device for protecting the display screen.

[0013] Preferably, in the agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module, the process of obtaining the pre-processed agricultural machinery raw data is:

[0014] Set the filter window based on fluctuations and sampling frequency;

[0015] For the data in the window, sort them according to the value, and take the data value in the middle position as the filtered value of the center data point of the window;

[0016] Move the window in sequence to process the entire sequence of original displacement data and original velocity data;

[0017] Adjust the sliding window based on changing trends and actual needs;

[0018] Get the average value of the data in the window and use the average value as the filtered value of the data point at the center of the window;

[0019] The window slides point by point on the data sequence, continuously updates the calculated average value, and smoothes the entire original force data sequence.

[0020] Preferably, in the braking data acquisition module, the process of acquiring braking data is:

[0021] Obtain data on braking start and end times;

[0022] Obtain the displacement values corresponding to the two data points closest to the braking start time and the braking end time. The difference between the displacement values corresponding to the two data points is the braking distance;

[0023] The two timestamps closest to the braking start time and braking end time in the timestamp data are obtained, and the difference between the two timestamps is the braking time.

[0024] Preferably, the process of obtaining the braking start and braking end time data is:

[0025] A sliding window is set based on the sampling frequency and the response characteristics of the braking system, and the speed data is processed based on the sliding window;

[0026] Get the speed data change trend in each window;

[0027] If the speed in three consecutive windows shows a decreasing state, it is considered that the speed has a decreasing trend, and the change amplitude between two adjacent points of the displacement data is calculated;

[0028] Setting a braking force threshold based on the design parameters of the braking system;

[0029] If the displacement change at a certain moment is greater than the average of the displacement changes at the previous three moments, and the braking force at this moment is greater than the braking force threshold, then this moment is marked as the braking start moment;

[0030] Get the speed threshold and displacement change threshold, the speed threshold is greater than 0 and less than 0.1;

[0031] Compare the speed data and displacement change data with the corresponding speed threshold and displacement change threshold respectively;

[0032] If the speed data and the displacement change data are both smaller than the corresponding speed threshold and displacement change threshold, this moment is determined as the braking end moment.

[0033] Preferably, in the braking force analysis module, the process of obtaining the maximum braking force is:

[0034] Based on the braking start time and the braking end time, the force data of the entire braking process is obtained from the original force data;

[0035] The braking process is divided into multiple stages based on the changing trend of the braking force, and each stage is assigned a corresponding weight;

[0036] The raw force data, duration and weight of each stage are combined to obtain the average braking force;

[0037] The maximum value of the original force data obtained during the braking process is the maximum braking force.

[0038] Preferably, in the braking deceleration acquisition module, the process of obtaining the braking deceleration is:

[0039] Perform Gaussian smoothing on the velocity data;

[0040] The velocity data is integrated based on the numerical integration method to obtain the displacement data, and the instantaneous deceleration is obtained by taking the derivative of the displacement data;

[0041] Based on multiple stages of the braking process, the average value of the instantaneous deceleration in each stage is obtained;

[0042] Based on the proportion of the duration of each stage in the total braking time, the average deceleration of each stage is weighted averaged to obtain the average deceleration of the entire braking process.

[0043] Preferably, in the braking performance evaluation module, the process of obtaining the braking performance evaluation data based on the comprehensive evaluation of the braking data, the maximum braking force and the braking deceleration is as follows:

[0044] Obtain braking stability data and energy consumption data;

[0045] determining braking performance evaluation data based on the braking data, the maximum braking force, the braking deceleration, the braking stability data, and the energy consumption data;

[0046] Obtain braking performance parameter data;

[0047] Compare the braking performance evaluation data with the braking performance parameter data;

[0048] If the braking performance evaluation data is greater than the braking performance parameter data, it is determined that the agricultural machinery has a braking abnormality;

[0049] If the braking performance evaluation data is not greater than the braking performance parameter data, it is determined that the agricultural machine is braking normally.

[0050] Preferably, the protective device includes a protective cover, a locking component and a shading component. The protective cover is arranged at one end of the laser detector close to the display screen. One side of the protective cover is hinged to the top of the laser detector. The locking component and the shading component are both arranged on the surface of the protective cover. The locking component is used to fix the protective cover.

[0051] Preferably, the locking component includes a retractable shell, an insertion rod, a limit frame and a return spring. The retractable shell is fixedly arranged on the surface of the protective cover, one end of the insertion rod is telescopically inserted into the interior of the retractable shell, the limit frame is fixedly arranged at the bottom of one side of the laser detector, the other end of the insertion rod is adapted to be inserted into the limit frame, the return spring is elastically arranged inside the retractable shell, and the return spring is arranged between the retractable shell and the insertion rod.

[0052] Preferably, the shading component includes a guide rail, a hinge seat and a shading plate, the guide rail is fixedly arranged on the surface of the protective cover, the hinge seat is slidably adapted inside the guide rail, and one end of the shading plate is hinged to the hinge seat.

[0053] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0054] The present invention realizes a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the braking performance of agricultural machinery through multi-module collaboration, can accurately judge whether the braking performance is normal, provide a reliable basis for the safety detection of agricultural machinery, help to timely discover potential problems in the braking system, ensure the driving safety of agricultural machinery during operation, and improve the reliability and stability of agricultural machinery use. It solves the problem that the detection principles and technical means adopted by some existing detection equipment are relatively backward, making it difficult to accurately measure key parameters in the vehicle braking process, resulting in the accuracy and reliability of the detection results unable to meet actual needs.

[0055] The present invention fully considers the complexity of the on-site detection environment. The display screen is equipped with a protective device, which can effectively prevent the display screen from being damaged in harsh environments, ensuring the clear display and accurate reading of the detection data, which not only extends the service life of the equipment, but also improves the efficiency and convenience of the detection work. It is easy to operate, can be quickly installed on a tripod, and the detection can be started through simple parameter settings, which reduces the professional requirements for the operator and makes the detection work more efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the protective device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified view of the structure at center A;

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the light-shielding component of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of module connections of the laser detector of the present invention.

[0061] In the figure, 1. Laser detector; 2. Display screen; 3. Printer; 4. Protective cover; 5. Shrink shell; 6. Insert rod; 7. Limit frame; 8. Return spring; 9. Guide rail; 10. Articulated seat; 11. Sunshade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1: Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, the laser brake performance tester includes a laser detector 1 for testing the brake performance of agricultural machinery, and the laser detector 1 is provided with:

[0064] The agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module is used to acquire the agricultural machinery raw data, including raw displacement data, raw velocity data, and raw force data, and to stamp the acquired agricultural machinery raw data with a microsecond time stamp and perform preprocessing to obtain the preprocessed agricultural machinery raw data;

[0065] Braking data acquisition module, used to obtain braking data, including braking distance and braking time, the braking distance is obtained based on the pre-processed agricultural machinery raw data, and the braking time is obtained based on the timestamp data;

[0066] Braking force analysis module, used to perform time domain analysis on the pre-processed raw force data to obtain the maximum braking force;

[0067] A braking deceleration acquisition module is used to smooth the pre-processed raw speed data to obtain an instantaneous deceleration, and obtain the braking deceleration based on the instantaneous deceleration;

[0068] The braking performance evaluation module obtains braking performance evaluation data based on a comprehensive evaluation of braking data, maximum braking force, and braking deceleration, and determines whether the braking performance of the agricultural machinery is normal based on the braking performance evaluation data;

[0069] The brake data display module includes a display screen 2 and a printer 3 for displaying the brake performance parameters of the agricultural machinery in real time. The laser detector 1 is provided with a protective device for protecting the display screen 2.

[0070] In the agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module, the process of obtaining the pre-processed agricultural machinery raw data is as follows:

[0071] Set the filter window based on fluctuations and sampling frequency;

[0072] For the data in the window, sort them according to the value, and take the data value in the middle position as the filtered value of the center data point of the window;

[0073] Move the window in sequence to process the entire sequence of original displacement data and original velocity data;

[0074] Adjust the sliding window based on changing trends and actual needs;

[0075] Get the average value of the data in the window and use the average value as the filtered value of the data point at the center of the window;

[0076] The window slides point by point on the data sequence, continuously updates the calculated average value, and smoothes the entire original force data sequence.

[0077] During the operation of agricultural machinery, its displacement and velocity data can fluctuate due to interference from various factors. By setting the filter window based on the fluctuations and sampling frequency and adjusting the filter range in a targeted manner, noise can be more effectively removed during the subsequent filtering process, preserving true data characteristics. By sorting and taking the middle value, known as median filtering, outliers and impulse noise can be effectively removed from the raw displacement and velocity data. A moving window is then used to traverse the entire data sequence, comprehensively filtering the raw displacement and velocity data to ensure that every component of the data is effectively de-noised and smoothed.

[0078] Adjusting the sliding window based on changing trends and actual needs can adapt to dynamic changes in force data. The raw force data is filtered by taking the average value within the window, a process known as sliding average filtering. This smoothes fluctuations in the raw force data and reduces the impact of random noise. The window is then moved point by point, and the average value is continuously updated, enabling comprehensive and continuous smoothing of the force data, ensuring its consistency and stability throughout the braking process.

[0079] In the brake data acquisition module, the process of obtaining brake data is as follows:

[0080] Obtain data on braking start and end times;

[0081] Obtain the displacement values corresponding to the two data points closest to the braking start time and the braking end time. The difference between the displacement values corresponding to the two data points is the braking distance;

[0082] The two timestamps closest to the braking start time and braking end time in the timestamp data are obtained, and the difference between the two timestamps is the braking time.

[0083] The braking start and end times are fundamental to calculating braking distance and time. Accurately determining these two times clearly defines the timeframe of the braking process. Calculating braking distance by taking the difference between the displacement values corresponding to the braking start and end times directly based on actual measured displacement data avoids potential errors introduced by complex indirect calculations. Calculating braking time using timestamp data ensures high accuracy, leveraging the precise time information stamped during data acquisition. Accurate braking time data reflects the speed of the braking process and, when combined with other data such as braking distance, enables a more comprehensive assessment of braking performance.

[0084] The process of obtaining the braking start and end time data is as follows:

[0085] A sliding window is set based on the sampling frequency and the response characteristics of the braking system, and the speed data is processed based on the sliding window;

[0086] Get the speed data change trend in each window;

[0087] If the speed in three consecutive windows shows a decreasing state, it is considered that the speed has a decreasing trend, and the change amplitude between two adjacent points of the displacement data is calculated;

[0088] Setting a braking force threshold based on the design parameters of the braking system;

[0089] If the displacement change at a certain moment is greater than the average of the displacement changes at the previous three moments, and the braking force at this moment is greater than the braking force threshold, then this moment is marked as the braking start moment;

[0090] Get the speed threshold and displacement change threshold, the speed threshold is greater than 0 and less than 0.1;

[0091] Compare the speed data and displacement change data with the corresponding speed threshold and displacement change threshold respectively;

[0092] If the speed data and the displacement change data are both smaller than the corresponding speed threshold and displacement change threshold, this moment is determined as the braking end moment.

[0093] Setting the sliding window based on the sampling frequency and the response characteristics of the braking system can ensure that the window size is compatible with the data changes and system characteristics. Processing the speed data through the sliding window can effectively smooth out noise interference. By obtaining the speed data change trend in each window, it is possible to know whether the speed is rising, falling or stable, providing an important basis for judging the starting time of braking. After determining the speed decrease trend, pay attention to the change amplitude between two adjacent points in the displacement data, and further verify whether braking has started from the perspective of displacement. Then set the braking force threshold. The power threshold is the minimum braking force requirement for a specific braking system to start working. The two key factors of displacement change amplitude and braking force are combined to mark the braking start time, making the judgment more comprehensive and accurate.

[0094] By comparing the speed data and displacement change data with the corresponding thresholds, it is determined whether the agricultural machinery has reached the conditions for the end of braking. The final condition for determining the end time of braking is that the speed data and displacement change data are both less than the corresponding thresholds. Only when the speed approaches a stop and the displacement change is extremely small, indicating that the agricultural machinery has basically stopped moving, is it determined as the end time of braking.

[0095] In the braking force analysis module, the process of obtaining the maximum braking force is:

[0096] Based on the braking start time and the braking end time, the force data of the entire braking process is obtained from the original force data;

[0097] The braking process is divided into multiple stages based on the changing trend of the braking force, and each stage is assigned a corresponding weight;

[0098] The raw force data, duration and weight of each stage are combined to obtain the average braking force;

[0099] The maximum value of the original force data obtained during the braking process is the maximum braking force.

[0100] Braking force varies complexly during the braking process, and dividing it into stages allows for detailed analysis of its characteristics. Based on the changing trends, weighting is assigned to reflect the importance of each stage. For example, the initial braking force, which varies greatly, is weighted higher, highlighting the impact of this critical stage on overall braking performance. The average braking force is calculated by integrating multiple factors. This average braking force measures the braking system's stability throughout the braking process, providing a key quantitative indicator for evaluating braking performance. The maximum value of the raw force data during the braking process is then obtained. When evaluating braking performance, the maximum braking force reflects the system's ability to respond to emergencies and determines whether the braking system meets the braking requirements of the agricultural machinery, which is crucial for ensuring safe braking of the machinery.

[0101] In the braking deceleration acquisition module, the process of obtaining the braking deceleration is as follows:

[0102] Perform Gaussian smoothing on the velocity data;

[0103] The velocity data is integrated based on the numerical integration method to obtain the displacement data, and the instantaneous deceleration is obtained by taking the derivative of the displacement data;

[0104] Based on multiple stages of the braking process, the average value of the instantaneous deceleration in each stage is obtained;

[0105] Based on the proportion of the duration of each stage in the total braking time, the average deceleration of each stage is weighted averaged to obtain the average deceleration of the entire braking process.

[0106] During the braking process of agricultural machinery, speed data will be affected by various noise interferences, resulting in data fluctuations. Gaussian smoothing can effectively remove these noises, making the speed data smoother and more stable. Derivation and calculation based on the actual measured speed data can reflect the speed change speed of the agricultural machinery at each moment during the braking process from a more microscopic perspective, that is, the instantaneous deceleration. The braking process usually includes multiple different stages, and the braking characteristics of each stage are different. Calculating the average value of the instantaneous deceleration in each stage can analyze the braking effect of different stages separately. Taking into account the proportion of the duration of each stage in the total braking time to weight the average deceleration of each stage can more reasonably reflect the average braking intensity of the entire braking process, and can more accurately evaluate the overall braking performance of the agricultural machinery, providing a key quantitative indicator for judging whether the braking performance of the agricultural machinery is normal.

[0107] In the braking performance evaluation module, the process of obtaining the braking performance evaluation data based on the comprehensive evaluation of braking data, maximum braking force and braking deceleration is as follows:

[0108] Obtain braking stability data and energy consumption data;

[0109] Braking stability data can be obtained based on the lateral acceleration sensor, steering wheel angle sensor, and vehicle attitude sensor. The lateral acceleration sensor measures the lateral acceleration of the vehicle during braking, the steering wheel angle sensor measures the steering wheel angle change, and the vehicle attitude sensor monitors the vehicle's pitch, roll, and other attitude changes during braking.

[0110] Energy consumption data may include fuel consumption (for electric agricultural machinery, electrical energy consumption), hydraulic system energy consumption, brake component wear energy loss, and brake system cooling energy consumption;

[0111] Determine the braking performance evaluation data based on braking data, maximum braking force, braking deceleration, braking stability data, and energy consumption data. In this part, the weight of each parameter can be set based on experience to comprehensively obtain the braking performance evaluation data.

[0112] Obtain braking performance parameter data (based on experience or historical data);

[0113] Compare the braking performance evaluation data with the braking performance parameter data;

[0114] If the braking performance evaluation data is greater than the braking performance parameter data, it is determined that the agricultural machinery has a braking abnormality;

[0115] If the braking performance evaluation data is not greater than the braking performance parameter data, it is determined that the agricultural machine is braking normally.

[0116] Obtaining braking stability data can help understand the smoothness of agricultural machinery's operation during braking and determine whether any instabilities, such as abnormal jitter or offset, are present. Obtaining energy consumption data can assess the efficiency of the braking system and understand energy utilization during braking. By comparing braking performance evaluation data with braking performance parameter data, the gap between actual braking performance and standard requirements can be determined. Based on the comparison results, determining whether the agricultural machinery's braking performance is normal allows operators or inspectors to quickly understand the machinery's braking condition and promptly identify potential problems. Agricultural machinery with abnormal braking can be promptly inspected and maintained to avoid safety incidents during use and ensure its safe operation.

[0117] The protective device includes a protective cover 4, a locking component and a shading component. The protective cover 4 is arranged at one end of the laser detector 1 close to the display screen 2. One side of the protective cover 4 is hinged to the top of the laser detector 1. The locking component and the shading component are both arranged on the surface of the protective cover 4. The locking component is used to fix the protective cover 4.

[0118] By providing a protective device, when the laser detector 1 is not in use, the protective cover 4 is closed and fixed to the laser detector 1 by a locking member, thereby protecting the display screen 2 on the laser detector 1. When the laser detector 1 is in use, the protective cover 4 is opened and then the shading component is opened. The shading component can block light from the display screen 2, thereby facilitating clear observation of the detection data on the display screen 2.

[0119] The locking component includes a retractable shell 5, an insertion rod 6, a limit frame 7 and a return spring 8. The retractable shell 5 is fixedly arranged on the surface of the protective cover 4. One end of the insertion rod 6 is telescopically inserted into the inside of the retractable shell 5. The limit frame 7 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of one side of the laser detector 1. The other end of the insertion rod 6 is adapted to be inserted into the limit frame 7. The return spring 8 is elastically arranged inside the retractable shell 5. The return spring 8 is arranged between the retractable shell 5 and the insertion rod 6.

[0120] When closing and locking the protective cover 4, first pull the insertion rod 6 toward the inside of the retractable shell 5 to retract the insertion rod 6 into the inside of the retractable shell 5, and at the same time squeeze the return spring 8 to elastically compress it. Then, completely close the protective cover 4, and then release the insertion rod 6. Under the elastic reset of the return spring 8, the insertion rod 6 extends out of the retractable shell 5 and is plugged into the limit frame 7 on the laser detector 1, thereby facilitating the locking and fixing of the protective cover 4.

[0121] The shading component includes a guide rail 9, a hinge seat 10 and a shading plate 11. The guide rail 9 is fixedly arranged on the surface of the protective cover 4. The hinge seat 10 is slidably adapted inside the guide rail 9. One end of the shading plate 11 is hinged to the hinge seat 10.

[0122] Open the protective cover 4, then pull the shading plate 11 out of the guide rail 9, so that the shading plate 11 drives the hinge seat 10 to slide along the inner wall of the guide rail 9, so that the shading plate 11 is completely extended out of the guide rail 9, and then the shading plate 11 is rotated and tilted downward around the hinge seat 10, so that the protective cover 4 blocks the top of the display screen 2, and the shading plate 11 blocks the two sides of the display screen 2, to prevent the display screen 2 from being unclear due to excessive outdoor light.

[0123] During use, the laser detector 1 is mounted on a tripod. Depending on the type and specifications of the vehicle being inspected, the corresponding inspection parameters, such as vehicle type, braking type, whether the vehicle is unloaded, and braking mode, are entered using buttons on the laser detector 1 or by connecting a mobile phone to the instrument's WiFi (laser detectors 1 are typically equipped with a WiFi module). Using the aiming laser point and magnifying glass (this portion represents the conventional structural configuration of the laser detector 1; this application utilizes the internal module design and external protective structure design based on the conventional laser detector 1), the laser detector 1 is aimed directly in front of or behind the center of the vehicle being inspected, and the vehicle is started, traveling at the speed set by the instrument. When the vehicle reaches the predetermined inspection speed, the instrument automatically issues a braking command, and the vehicle begins braking. During the braking process, the laser detector 1 collects data in real time, obtains the vehicle's braking performance parameters, and displays them on the display 2 in real time. The data can also be output to an external device or printer 3 for a printed report as needed.

[0124] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the protective device of this example also includes a sealing ring and a humidity adjustment component; the sealing ring is arranged at the contact edge of the protective cover 4 and the laser detector 1 to ensure the sealing inside the detector when the protective cover 4 is closed; the humidity adjustment component is provided with a desiccant and a humidity sensor, which can automatically start the humidity adjustment function according to the internal humidity to prevent water vapor condensation from damaging the display screen 2 and the internal circuit, ensuring that the protective device can effectively protect the normal operation of the detector in an environment with high humidity or frequent temperature changes.

[0125] Example 3: Based on Example 1, this example further includes an intelligent diagnosis module and a remote monitoring module.

[0126] The intelligent diagnostic module is used to predict potential brake system failures and generate early warning information based on historical braking data and real-time detection data through machine learning algorithms;

[0127] The remote monitoring module is used to transmit detection data and diagnostic results to a remote server in real time. Users can access the data remotely through mobile devices or computers and receive early warning information, thereby realizing centralized management and monitoring of multiple agricultural machinery.

[0128] In the intelligent diagnosis module, the process of predicting potential brake system failures and generating warning information is as follows:

[0129] A fault classification prediction model was constructed using a random forest algorithm based on historical braking data of agricultural machinery. The historical braking data of agricultural machinery included historical braking distance, historical braking time, historical maximum braking force, and historical braking deceleration.

[0130] Real-time detection data includes braking distance, braking time, maximum braking force and braking deceleration. The real-time detection data is integrated with the agricultural machinery model and usage time to obtain a feature vector.

[0131] Input the feature vector into the fault classification prediction model to obtain fault probability data, which includes the brake pad wear probability value and the hydraulic system leakage probability value;

[0132] Comparing the failure probability data with the failure probability threshold;

[0133] If the fault probability data is greater than the fault probability threshold, the early warning mechanism is triggered and early warning information is generated based on the fault location, possible causes and treatment suggestions;

[0134] If the failure probability data is not greater than the failure probability threshold, the early warning mechanism will not be triggered.

[0135] The random forest algorithm has a strong ability to fit nonlinear data, effectively capturing the complex correlations between braking parameters and fault types, and improving model generalization. It outputs the probability of faults as probabilities, providing users with a more refined risk profile and facilitating the development of tiered maintenance strategies. It implements data-driven automated diagnosis, personalized diagnosis through multi-dimensional feature fusion, quantitative risk assessment, and standardized decision-making. It can accurately locate faults and provide guiding solutions, improving the accuracy of fault prediction and operational efficiency, and shifting from post-repair to pre-emptive prediction.

[0136] In the remote monitoring module, the specific process of centralized management and monitoring of multiple agricultural machines is as follows:

[0137] The warning information output by the intelligent diagnosis module is accessed through the IoT private network, and the Protobuf protocol is used for efficient serial transmission. Each piece of data is timestamped and identified by the agricultural machinery.

[0138] The web-based visual monitoring dashboard dynamically displays the real-time braking parameters and health status of each agricultural machine; the visual monitoring dashboard uses color coding to distinguish normal (green), warning (yellow) and fault (red) status.

[0139] The IoT private network provides a stable communication link. The Protobuf protocol achieves data compression through binary serialization, significantly reducing transmission traffic and latency, ensuring that warning information and test data reach remote servers in real time. Timestamps ensure that data is accurately recorded in chronological order. Agricultural machinery identification enables data isolation and precise matching across multiple devices, avoiding data confusion, facilitating later fault tracing and historical data queries, and improving the level of refined management. Data from multiple agricultural machines is displayed through a unified interface, supporting quick switching between device lists and parameter trend comparison, avoiding the inefficiencies associated with traditional decentralized management. Color coding visually distinguishes device status, allowing users to quickly locate anomalies without having to review data line by line. This enables real-time remote transmission of test data and diagnostic results. A lightweight protocol improves transmission efficiency and ensures data traceability. A visual dashboard makes braking parameters and device status clear at a glance. The color coding mechanism helps users quickly identify abnormal devices, enabling centralized management and real-time response for multiple agricultural machines, improving operational convenience and troubleshooting efficiency.

[0140] Example 4: Based on Example 1, the laser detector 1 in this example further includes a digital twin module and an intelligent optimization module to further improve the intelligence level and detection accuracy of the laser braking performance detector.

[0141] The digital twin module builds a high-precision digital twin model (simulation model) based on the physical parameters and braking system characteristics of the agricultural machinery. This model not only includes the vehicle's geometry but also encompasses multi-dimensional information such as the braking system's dynamics, friction, and thermal characteristics. Real-time data collected by laser detectors (such as displacement, velocity, and force) is synchronized with the digital twin model in real time. Leveraging IoT technology, this data is transmitted to a cloud server in real time to update the digital twin model's status.

[0142] Virtual testing is performed on the digital twin model to simulate braking performance under different operating conditions. Machine learning algorithms are used to predict long-term performance changes and potential failures in the braking system. For example, time series analysis can be used to predict brake pad wear and replacement cycles.

[0143] The intelligent optimization module integrates multi-objective optimization algorithms (such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization) to optimize braking system parameters. Optimization objectives include maximizing braking efficiency, minimizing energy consumption, and maximizing braking stability. By analyzing historical and real-time data, the intelligent optimization module provides optimal braking strategy recommendations to the driver or maintenance personnel. Based on real-time detection data and predictions from the digital twin model, it dynamically adjusts braking system control parameters. For example, on slippery roads, it automatically reduces brake pressure to prevent wheel lock; during emergency braking, it optimizes braking force distribution to shorten stopping distance.

[0144] Based on the prediction results of the digital twin model, intelligent maintenance recommendations are generated. For example, when the braking force is predicted to drop to a certain level, the user is reminded to replace the brake pads in time; when the risk of hydraulic system leakage is detected, leak detection and repair are recommended.

[0145] Through the collaborative management of the digital twin module and the intelligent optimization module, the laser braking performance tester can not only accurately evaluate the braking performance of agricultural machinery during the testing process, but also provide personalized braking strategy recommendations in real time, thereby improving the safety and energy efficiency of agricultural machinery under different working conditions and adapting to the diverse operational needs of agricultural machinery.

Claims

1. A laser brake performance tester, comprising a laser tester (1) for testing the brake performance of agricultural machinery, characterized in that: The laser detector (1) is provided with: The agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module is used to acquire the agricultural machinery raw data, including raw displacement data, raw velocity data, and raw force data, and to stamp the acquired agricultural machinery raw data with a microsecond time stamp and perform preprocessing to obtain the preprocessed agricultural machinery raw data; Braking data acquisition module, used to obtain braking data, including braking distance and braking time, the braking distance is obtained based on the pre-processed agricultural machinery raw data, and the braking time is obtained based on the timestamp data; Braking force analysis module, used to perform time domain analysis on the pre-processed raw force data to obtain the maximum braking force; A braking deceleration acquisition module is used to smooth the pre-processed raw speed data to obtain an instantaneous deceleration, and obtain the braking deceleration based on the instantaneous deceleration; The braking performance evaluation module obtains braking performance evaluation data based on a comprehensive evaluation of braking data, maximum braking force, and braking deceleration. Based on the braking performance evaluation data, it determines whether the braking performance of the agricultural machinery is normal. The process is as follows: Obtain braking stability data and energy consumption data; determining braking performance evaluation data based on the braking data, the maximum braking force, the braking deceleration, the braking stability data, and the energy consumption data; Obtain braking performance parameter data; Compare the braking performance evaluation data with the braking performance parameter data; If the braking performance evaluation data is greater than the braking performance parameter data, it is determined that the agricultural machinery has a braking abnormality; If the braking performance evaluation data is not greater than the braking performance parameter data, it is determined that the agricultural machine is braking normally; The brake data display module comprises a display screen (2) and a printer (3) for displaying the brake performance parameters of the agricultural machinery in real time. The laser detector (1) is provided with a protective device for protecting the display screen (2).

2. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the agricultural machinery raw data acquisition module, the process of obtaining the pre-processed agricultural machinery raw data is as follows: Set the filter window based on fluctuations and sampling frequency; For the data in the window, sort them according to the value, and take the data value in the middle position as the filtered value of the center data point of the window; Move the window in sequence to process the entire sequence of original displacement data and original velocity data; Adjust the sliding window based on changing trends and actual needs; Get the average value of the data in the window and use the average value as the filtered value of the data point at the center of the window; The window slides point by point on the data sequence, continuously updates the calculated average value, and smoothes the entire original force data sequence.

3. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the brake data acquisition module, the process of obtaining brake data is as follows: Obtain data on braking start and end times; Obtain the displacement values corresponding to the two data points closest to the braking start time and the braking end time. The difference between the displacement values corresponding to the two data points is the braking distance; The two timestamps closest to the braking start time and braking end time in the timestamp data are obtained, and the difference between the two timestamps is the braking time.

4. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of obtaining the braking start and end time data is as follows: A sliding window is set based on the sampling frequency and the response characteristics of the braking system, and the speed data is processed based on the sliding window; Get the speed data change trend in each window; If the speed in three consecutive windows shows a decreasing state, it is considered that the speed has a decreasing trend, and the change amplitude between two adjacent points of the displacement data is calculated; Setting a braking force threshold based on the design parameters of the braking system; If the displacement change at a certain moment is greater than the average of the displacement changes at the previous three moments, and the braking force at this moment is greater than the braking force threshold, then this moment is marked as the braking start moment; Get the speed threshold and displacement change threshold, the speed threshold is greater than 0 and less than 0.1; Compare the speed data and displacement change data with the corresponding speed threshold and displacement change threshold respectively; If the speed data and the displacement change data are both smaller than the corresponding speed threshold and displacement change threshold, this moment is determined as the braking end moment.

5. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the braking force analysis module, the process of obtaining the maximum braking force is: Based on the braking start time and the braking end time, the force data of the entire braking process is obtained from the original force data; The maximum value of the original force data obtained during the braking process is the maximum braking force.

6. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the braking deceleration acquisition module, the process of obtaining the braking deceleration is as follows: Perform Gaussian smoothing on the velocity data; The velocity data is integrated based on the numerical integration method to obtain the displacement data, and the instantaneous deceleration is obtained by taking the derivative of the displacement data; Based on multiple stages of the braking process, the average value of the instantaneous deceleration in each stage is obtained; Based on the proportion of the duration of each stage in the total braking time, the average deceleration of each stage is weighted averaged to obtain the average deceleration of the entire braking process.

7. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective device comprises a protective cover (4), a locking component and a shading component. The protective cover (4) is arranged at one end of the laser detector (1) close to the display screen (2). One side of the protective cover (4) is hinged to the top of the laser detector (1). The locking component and the shading component are both arranged on the surface of the protective cover (4). The locking component is used to fix the protective cover (4).

8. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking component includes a retractable shell (5), an insert rod (6), a limit frame (7) and a return spring (8), wherein the retractable shell (5) is fixedly arranged on the surface of the protective cover (4), one end of the insert rod (6) is retractably plugged into the interior of the retractable shell (5), the limit frame (7) is fixedly arranged at the bottom of one side of the laser detector (1), the other end of the insert rod (6) is adapted to be plugged into the limit frame (7), the return spring (8) is elastically arranged inside the retractable shell (5), and the return spring (8) is arranged between the retractable shell (5) and the insert rod (6).

9. The laser braking performance tester according to claim 7, characterized in that: The shading component comprises a guide rail (9), a hinge seat (10) and a shading plate (11); the guide rail (9) is fixedly arranged on the surface of the protective cover (4); the hinge seat (10) is slidably fitted inside the guide rail (9); and one end of the shading plate (11) is hinged to the hinge seat (10).

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