Sugar beet continuous cropping plough layer soil replacement device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil replacement device for a beet continuous cropping plough layer. The soil replacement device comprises a frame, the surface soil operation assembly comprises a soil throwing mechanism, the soil throwing mechanism is rotationally connected to a first moving frame, a first motor is in transmission connection with the soil throwing mechanism, the first moving frame is movably arranged on the frame, and a first hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the first moving frame; the deep soil operation assembly comprises a crushing mechanism and a soil discharging mechanism, the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism are arranged on a second moving frame, a second motor and a third motor are arranged on the second moving frame, the second motor is in transmission connection with the crushing mechanism, the soil discharging mechanism is in transmission connection with the third motor, and the second moving frame is movably arranged on the vehicle frame. And a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the frame and is in transmission connection with the second moving frame. According to the device, replacement of surface soil and deep soil can be achieved, meanwhile, the soil can be crushed, after replacement of the soil is completed, the soil can be directly used for cultivation, and more convenience is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil replacement devices, and in particular to a device and method for replacing soil in a continuous beet cropping cultivation layer. Background Art

[0002] Continuous cropping of sugar beets will lead to the deterioration of the soil environment, seriously restricting the yield and quality. First, continuous cropping causes an imbalance in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which is manifested in an increase in the bulk density of the cultivated layer and a decrease in porosity, hindering root growth and water and fertilizer penetration. Secondly, long-term continuous cropping leads to the selective consumption of soil nutrients. For example, elements such as fast-acting potassium and alkaline nitrogen are significantly reduced, while salt and self-toxic substances (such as root secretions and pathogenic metabolites) continue to accumulate, inhibiting the normal metabolism of sugar beets.

[0003] Soil replacement exchanges the tillage layer with the lower soil layer through physical means, which can effectively alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping. At the same time, the microbial diversity of the new tillage layer is restored, the activity of beneficial bacteria (such as nitrifying bacteria) is enhanced, and the rhizosphere microecology is further optimized. Traditional replacement equipment easily causes the upper and lower soil layers to mix, and it is impossible to completely separate the contaminated layer from the healthy layer; some equipment now has large soil clumps after replacement, and it is necessary to plow multiple times to restore the tillage layer, which increases the operation cost and time.

[0004] Therefore, a device and method for replacing the soil of the continuous beet cropping tillage layer are proposed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for replacing the soil of the cultivated layer of sugar beets in continuous cropping, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a soil replacement device for the continuous cropping of sugar beets, comprising:

[0007] Frame;

[0008] A topsoil operation assembly, the topsoil operation assembly comprising a soil throwing mechanism, the soil throwing mechanism is rotatably connected to a first mobile frame, a first motor is disposed on the first mobile frame, the first motor is in transmission connection with the soil throwing mechanism, the first mobile frame is movably disposed on the vehicle frame, a first hydraulic cylinder is disposed on the vehicle frame, the first hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the first mobile frame;

[0009] Deep soil operation component, the deep soil operation component includes a crushing mechanism and a soil discharging mechanism. The crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism are arranged on the second moving frame. The soil throwing mechanism is located upstream of the crushing mechanism, and the crushing mechanism is located upstream of the soil discharging mechanism. A second motor and a third motor are arranged on the second moving frame. The second motor is in transmission connection with the crushing mechanism, and the soil discharging mechanism is in transmission connection with the third motor. The second moving frame is movably arranged on the vehicle frame, and a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the vehicle frame. The second hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the second moving frame.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of first connecting rods are fixedly connected to the vehicle frame. A first platform is fixedly connected to the first connecting rods. The first moving frame is slidably arranged on the first platform. The first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the first platform. The first hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the first moving frame.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of second connecting rods are fixedly connected to the vehicle frame. A second platform is fixedly connected to the second connecting rods. The second moving frame is slidably arranged on the second platform. The second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the second platform. The second hydraulic cylinder is in transmission connection with the second moving frame.

[0012] Preferably, the first moving frame includes a first top plate and a first bottom plate. A plurality of third connecting rods are fixedly connected between the first top plate and the first bottom plate. A plurality of first through holes are formed in the first platform. The third connecting rods are arranged in the first through holes. The third connecting rods are movably arranged in the first through holes. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the first top plate. The first motor is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate. The soil throwing mechanism is arranged on the first bottom plate.

[0013] Preferably, a first mounting plate is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate. The soil throwing mechanism includes a turntable and an arc-shaped guide plate. A plurality of first crushing knives are fixedly connected to the outer edge of the turntable. A plurality of second crushing knives are fixedly connected to the end face of the turntable. The arc-shaped guide plate is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate. The arc-shaped guide plate is located above the turntable. A first rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the turntable. The first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the first mounting plate. The output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with a first belt pulley. A second belt pulley is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft. The first belt pulley and the second belt pulley are in transmission connection through a belt. A third through hole is formed in the first platform. The belt passes through the third through hole.

[0014] Preferably, the second moving frame includes a second top plate and a second bottom plate. A plurality of fourth connecting rods are fixedly connected between the second top plate and the second bottom plate. A plurality of fourth through holes are formed in the second platform, and the fourth connecting rods are inserted into the fourth through holes. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the second top plate. The second motor, the third motor, the crushing mechanism, and the soil discharging mechanism are all arranged on the second bottom plate.

[0015] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes two second rotating shafts, which are rotatably connected to the second bottom plate through bearings. A first protective shell is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate. The second motor is fixedly connected inside the first protective shell. A first gear is fixedly connected to each of the two second rotating shafts, and the two first gears are meshed. The output shaft of the second motor is fixedly connected to any one of the second rotating shafts. A roller is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft, and a plurality of third crushing knives are fixedly connected to the roller.

[0016] Preferably, the soil discharging mechanism includes a screw soil discharger. A third rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the second bottom plate, and the third rotating shaft is in transmission connection with the screw soil discharger. The screw soil discharger is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate through a first connecting plate. A second protective shell is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate. The third motor is fixedly connected inside the second protective shell. A second gear is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor, and a third gear is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft. The second gear is meshed with the third gear. A strong blowing mechanism is arranged above the screw soil discharger.

[0017] Preferably, the screw soil discharger includes an outer cylindrical wall, which is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate. A fourth rotating shaft is rotatably connected inside the outer cylindrical wall, and a spiral blade is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft. The spiral blade is located inside the outer cylindrical wall. The fourth rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft. A feeding port is formed in the outer cylindrical wall, and the feeding port faces the third crushing knife. Two protective plates are fixedly connected to the outer cylindrical wall, and the protective plates are located on both sides of the feeding port. The strong blowing mechanism includes a blower and a guide pipe. A box body is fixedly connected between the second bottom plate and the outer cylindrical wall. The blower is communicated with an air duct. A fifth through hole and a sixth through hole are formed in the box body. The air outlet end of the air duct is fixedly connected to the fifth through hole, and the guide pipe is fixedly connected to the sixth through hole.

[0018] A method for replacing the soil of the tillage layer in continuous sugar beet cropping includes:

[0019] Step 1: Move the device to the area to be operated through the vehicle frame, and start the operation of replacing the soil of the tillage layer in the first row;

[0020] Step 2: Start the first hydraulic cylinder. The first hydraulic cylinder moves the first moving frame downward. Start the first motor, and the first motor drives the soil throwing mechanism to operate. After the soil throwing mechanism contacts the shallow soil, it begins to throw the shallow soil to one side.

[0021] Step 3: As the vehicle frame advances, when the area where the soil throwing mechanism has passed can accommodate the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism, start the second hydraulic cylinder. The second hydraulic cylinder moves the second moving frame downward. Start the second motor and the third motor, and the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism operate. The crushing mechanism crushes the deep soil, and the soil discharging mechanism throws the crushed deep soil to one side, so that the deep soil covers the shallow soil.

[0022] Step 4: After the first row of operations is completed, start the second row of operations, and repeat Step 2 and Step 3.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: In this device, the vehicle frame has a movable function, which can move this device. The soil throwing mechanism is used to break the surface soil. The first hydraulic cylinder drives the first moving frame to move up and down, and the first motor drives the soil throwing mechanism to turn over and throw the surface soil, so that the surface soil is thrown to one side. The crushing mechanism is used to crush the deep soil. After the deep soil is crushed, it is discharged to one side by the soil discharging mechanism. Since the soil throwing mechanism is at the most upstream, the deep soil will cover the surface soil after being discharged, realizing the replacement of the soil layer. When this device operates on the first row, the soil will be turned to the position where it has not been replaced. Since this is the starting operation area, it basically has no impact on the replacement of the overall tillage layer. Starting from the second row, the operation area enters the normal replacement state. During operation, the first hydraulic cylinder contracts, driving the first moving frame downward to make the soil throwing mechanism contact the soil. The first motor starts, and the soil throwing mechanism operates to throw the soil to one side. At the same time, the vehicle frame will move forward. When the soil throwing mechanism works for a certain distance and the dug trench can accommodate the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism, the second hydraulic cylinder contracts, and the second moving frame moves downward. The crushing mechanism contacts the deep soil and crushes the deep soil. The soil discharging mechanism throws the crushed deep soil to the side with shallow soil. The present invention can realize the replacement of the surface soil and the deep soil, and can also crush the soil. When the soil replacement is completed, it can be directly used for farming, which is more convenient. Description of the Drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the device for replacing the tillage layer soil in continuous cropping of sugar beets of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the first motor and the soil throwing mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the second motor, the third motor, the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of A-A in

[0029] Figure 5 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of B-B in

[0030] Figure 6 is Figure 3 Schematic diagram of C-C in

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the replacement process of shallow soil and deep soil of the present invention;

[0032] Wherein, 1. Frame; 2. First motor; 3. First hydraulic cylinder; 4. Second motor; 5. Third motor; 6. Second hydraulic cylinder; 7. First connecting rod; 8. First platform; 9. Second connecting rod; 10. Second platform; 11. First top plate; 12. First bottom plate; 13. Third connecting rod; 14. First mounting plate; 15. Turntable; 16. Arc-shaped guide plate; 17. First crushing knife; 18. Second crushing knife; 19. First rotating shaft; 20. First pulley; 21. Second pulley; 22. Belt; 23. Second top plate; 24. Second bottom plate; 25. Fourth connecting rod; 26. Second rotating shaft; 27. First protective shell; 28. Second protective shell; 29. First gear; 30. Roller; 31. Third crushing knife; 32. Third rotating shaft; 33. First connecting plate; 34. Second gear; 35. Third gear; 36. Outer cylinder wall; 37. Fourth rotating shaft; 38. Spiral blade; 39. Protective plate; 40. Feed inlet; 41. Fan; 42. Guide pipe; 43. Box body; 44. Air duct. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] To make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0035] Reference Figure 1-7 The present invention provides a device for replacing soil in the cultivated layer of beets during continuous cropping, comprising:

[0036] Frame 1;

[0037] A surface soil operation component, the surface soil operation component includes a soil throwing mechanism, the soil throwing mechanism is rotatably connected to the first mobile frame, the first mobile frame is provided with a first motor 2, the first motor 2 is transmission-connected to the soil throwing mechanism, the first mobile frame is movably provided on the frame 1, the frame 1 is provided with a first hydraulic cylinder 3, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is transmission-connected to the first mobile frame;

[0038] A deep soil operation component includes a crushing mechanism and a soil discharge mechanism, which are arranged on a second mobile frame, a soil throwing mechanism is located upstream of the crushing mechanism, and the crushing mechanism is located upstream of the soil discharge mechanism. A second motor 4 and a third motor 5 are arranged on the second mobile frame, the second motor 4 is transmission-connected to the crushing mechanism, the soil discharge mechanism is transmission-connected to the third motor 5, the second mobile frame is movably arranged on a vehicle frame 1, a second hydraulic cylinder 6 is arranged on the vehicle frame 1, and the second hydraulic cylinder 6 is transmission-connected to the second mobile frame.

[0039] In this device, the frame 1 has a movable function, which can make the device move. The soil throwing mechanism is used to break the surface soil. The first hydraulic cylinder 3 drives the first movable frame to move up and down. The first motor 2 drives the soil throwing mechanism to turn over the surface soil, so that the surface soil is thrown to one side. The crushing mechanism is used to break the deep soil. After the deep soil is broken, it is discharged to one side by the soil discharge mechanism. Since the soil throwing mechanism is at the uppermost stream, the deep soil will cover the surface soil after being discharged, so as to realize the replacement of the soil layer. When this device is working on the first row, the soil will be turned to the unreplaced position. Since this is the starting working area, it has basically no effect on the replacement of the overall tillage layer. Starting from the second row, the working area enters the normal replacement state, such as Figure 7 As shown in , a, b, c are schematic diagrams of the first row of soil replacement, and d is a schematic diagram of the second row of soil replacement. During the soil replacement process, the shape of the soil is not a regular rectangle. This is only to illustrate the process of deep soil covering the surface soil.

[0040] When working, the first hydraulic cylinder 3 contracts, driving the first mobile frame to move downward, so that the soil throwing mechanism contacts the soil, the first motor 2 starts, the soil throwing mechanism operates, and the soil is thrown to one side. At the same time, the frame 1 moves forward. When the soil throwing mechanism works for a distance and the trench opened can accommodate the crushing mechanism and the soil discharge mechanism, the second hydraulic cylinder 6 contracts, the second mobile frame moves downward, the crushing mechanism contacts the deep soil, and the deep soil is crushed. The soil discharge mechanism throws the crushed deep soil to the side with shallow soil. When working, the frame 1 straddles the working ridge.

[0041] For a further optimized solution, a number of first connecting rods 7 are fixedly connected to the frame 1. A first platform 8 is fixedly connected to the first connecting rods 7. The first moving frame is slidably arranged on the first platform 8. The first hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the first platform 8 and is in driving connection with the first moving frame.

[0042] The first connecting rods 7 are used to connect the first platform 8 and the frame 1, and the first platform 8 mounts the first hydraulic cylinder 3.

[0043] For a further optimized solution, a number of second connecting rods 9 are fixedly connected to the frame 1. A second platform 10 is fixedly connected to the second connecting rods 9. The second moving frame is slidably arranged on the second platform 10. The second hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the second platform 10 and is in driving connection with the second moving frame.

[0044] The second connecting rods 9 are used to connect the frame 1 and the second platform 10, and the second platform 10 mounts the second hydraulic cylinder 6.

[0045] For a further optimized solution, the first moving frame includes a first top plate 11 and a first bottom plate 12. A number of third connecting rods 13 are fixedly connected between the first top plate 11 and the first bottom plate 12. A number of first through holes are formed in the first platform 8. The third connecting rods 13 are inserted into the first through holes and are movably arranged in the first through holes. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly connected to the first top plate 11. The first motor 2 is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate 12. The soil throwing mechanism is arranged on the first bottom plate 12.

[0046] When the first hydraulic cylinder 3 extends or contracts, it will drive the first top plate 11 to rise or fall. The first top plate 11 drives the first bottom plate 12 to rise or fall through the third connecting rods 13, and the first bottom plate 12 drives the soil throwing mechanism to rise or fall.

[0047] For a further optimized solution, a first mounting plate 14 is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate 12. The soil throwing mechanism includes a turntable 15 and an arc-shaped guide plate 16. A number of first crushing knives 17 are fixedly connected to the outer edge of the turntable 15. A number of second crushing knives 18 are fixedly connected to the end face of the turntable 15. The arc-shaped guide plate 16 is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate 14. The arc-shaped guide plate 16 is located above the turntable 15. A first rotating shaft 19 is fixedly connected to the turntable 15. The first rotating shaft 19 is rotatably connected to the first mounting plate 14. The output end of the first motor 2 is fixedly connected with a first belt pulley 20. A second belt pulley 21 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 19. The first belt pulley 20 and the second belt pulley 21 are in transmission connection through a belt 22. A third through hole is formed in the first platform 8. The belt 22 passes through the third through hole.

[0048] The first motor 2 drives the first pulley 20 to rotate. The first pulley 20 drives the second pulley 21 to rotate through the belt 22. The second pulley 21 drives the first rotating shaft 19 to rotate. The first rotating shaft 19 drives the turntable 15 to rotate, so that the first crushing knife 17 and the second crushing knife 18 crush the shallow soil. The first crushing knife 17 can expand the crushing range. During the forward movement of the device, the first crushing knife 17 and the second crushing knife 18 continuously crush the shallow soil. While the turntable 15 is rotating, the first crushing knife 17 and the second crushing knife 18 will make the soil run to one side, and at the same time cooperate with the arc-shaped guide plate 16 to make the soil finally move obliquely downward to reduce the flying of the soil.

[0049] In a further optimized solution, the second moving frame includes a second top plate 23 and a second bottom plate 24. A number of fourth connecting rods 25 are fixedly connected between the second top plate 23 and the second bottom plate 24. A number of fourth through holes are formed in the second platform 10. The fourth connecting rods 25 are inserted into the fourth through holes. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 6 is fixedly connected to the second top plate 23. The second motor 4, the third motor 5, the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism are all arranged on the second bottom plate 24.

[0050] The second hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the second top plate 23 to move up and down. The second top plate 23 drives the fourth connecting rods 25 and the second bottom plate 24 to move up and down. The second bottom plate 24 drives the second motor 4, the third motor 5, the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism to move up and down.

[0051] In a further optimized solution, the crushing mechanism includes two second rotating shafts 26. The two second rotating shafts 26 are rotatably connected to the second bottom plate 24 through bearings. A first protective shell 27 is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate 24. The second motor 4 is fixedly connected inside the first protective shell 27. A first gear 29 is fixedly connected to each of the two second rotating shafts 26. The two first gears 29 are meshed. The output shaft of the second motor 4 is fixedly connected to any one of the second rotating shafts 26. The second rotating shaft 26 is fixedly connected with a roller 30. A number of third crushing knives 31 are fixedly connected to the roller 30.

[0052] The second motor 4 drives one of the second rotating shafts 26 to rotate. The second rotating shaft 26 drives the other second rotating shaft 26 to rotate through the meshing of the two first gears 29. The second rotating shaft 26 drives the roller 30 and the third crushing knives 31 to rotate. The third crushing knives 31 crush the deep soil. The two rollers 30 rotate towards each other to make the soil move towards the soil discharging mechanism downstream.

[0053] Further optimized solution, the soil discharging mechanism includes a screw soil discharger. A third rotating shaft 32 is rotatably connected to the second bottom plate 24. The third rotating shaft 32 is in transmission connection with the screw soil discharger. The screw soil discharger is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate 24 through a first connecting plate 33. A second protective shell 28 is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate 24. A third motor 5 is fixedly connected inside the second protective shell 28. A second gear 34 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor 5. A third gear 35 is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft 32. The second gear 34 meshes with the third gear 35. A strong blowing mechanism is arranged above the screw soil discharger.

[0054] The third motor 5 drives the second gear 34 to rotate. The second gear 34 drives the third gear 35 to rotate. The third gear 35 drives the third rotating shaft 32 to rotate. The third rotating shaft 32 drives the screw soil discharger to rotate, moving the soil upward. Then, the strong blowing mechanism blows the soil to one side. By lifting the height of the soil through the screw soil discharger, after the strong blowing mechanism blows the soil, the soil can cover the shallow soil, thus realizing soil replacement.

[0055] Further optimized solution, the screw soil discharger includes an outer cylinder wall 36. The outer cylinder wall 36 is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate 33. A fourth rotating shaft 37 is rotatably connected inside the outer cylinder wall 36. A spiral blade 38 is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft 37. The spiral blade 38 is located inside the outer cylinder wall 36. The fourth rotating shaft 37 is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft 32. A feed inlet 40 is formed in the outer cylinder wall 36, and the feed inlet 40 faces the third crushing knife 31. Two protective plates 39 are fixedly connected to the outer cylinder wall 36, and the protective plates 39 are located on both sides of the feed inlet 40. The strong blowing mechanism includes a blower 41 and a guide pipe 42. A box body 43 is fixedly connected between the second bottom plate 24 and the outer cylinder wall 36. The blower 41 is communicated with an air duct 44. A fifth through hole and a sixth through hole are formed in the box body 43. The air outlet end of the air duct 44 is fixedly connected to the fifth through hole, and the guide pipe 42 is fixedly connected to the sixth through hole.

[0056] The third rotating shaft 32 drives the fourth rotating shaft 37 to rotate. The fourth rotating shaft 37 drives the spiral blade 38 to rotate. The soil enters the outer cylinder wall 36 from the feed inlet 40. As the spiral blade 38 rotates, the soil is sent into the box body 43 of the outer cylinder wall 36. The protective plates 39 can enable the soil to quickly enter the outer cylinder wall 36. The blower 41 blows air into the air duct 44, and the air blows into the box body 43 through the air duct 44, blowing the soil away from the outer cylinder wall 36 and flowing through the guide pipe 42 to the shallow soil that has just moved. The guide pipe 42 is bent downward to facilitate the downward flow of the soil. A reinforcing plate is fixedly connected between the first connecting plate 33 and the outer cylinder wall 36.

[0057] A method for replacing the soil in the tillage layer of continuous sugar beet cropping includes:

[0058] Step 1: Move this device to the area to be operated through the frame 1 and start the first-row tillage layer soil replacement operation;

[0059] Step 2: Start the first hydraulic cylinder 3. The first hydraulic cylinder 3 contracts, driving the first top plate 11 to descend. The first top plate 11 drives the first bottom plate 12 to descend through the third connecting rod 13. Start the first motor 2. The first motor 2 drives the first pulley 20 to rotate. The first pulley 20 drives the second pulley 21 to rotate through the belt 22. The second pulley 21 drives the first rotating shaft 19 to rotate. The first rotating shaft 19 drives the turntable 15 to rotate, so that the first crushing knife 17 and the second crushing knife 18 crush the shallow soil. During the forward movement of this device, the first crushing knife 17 and the second crushing knife 18 continuously crush the shallow soil. While the turntable 15 is rotating, the first crushing knife 17 and the second crushing knife 18 will make the soil run to one side, and at the same time cooperate with the arc-shaped guide plate 16 to make the soil finally move obliquely downward, running the shallow soil to one side;

[0060] Step 3: As the frame 1 advances, when the area passed by the soil throwing mechanism can accommodate the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism, start the second hydraulic cylinder 6. The second hydraulic cylinder 6 drives the second top plate 23 to move up and down. The second top plate 23 drives the fourth connecting rod 25 and the second bottom plate 24 to move up and down. Start the second motor 4 and the third motor 5. The second motor 4 drives one of the second rotating shafts 26 to rotate. The second rotating shaft 26 drives the other second rotating shaft 26 to rotate through the meshing of two first gears 29. The second rotating shaft 26 drives the rotating roller 30 and the third crushing knife 31 to rotate. The third crushing knife 31 crushes the deep soil. The two rotating rollers 30 rotate towards each other, making the soil move towards the soil discharging mechanism downstream; The third motor 5 drives the second gear 34 to rotate. The second gear 34 drives the third gear 35 to rotate. The third gear 35 drives the third rotating shaft 32 to rotate. The third rotating shaft 32 drives the spiral soil discharger to rotate. As the spiral blade 38 rotates, the soil is sent into the box body 43 on the outer cylinder wall 36. The protective plate 39 can make the soil quickly enter the outer cylinder wall 36. The fan 41 blows air into the air duct 44. The air blows through the air duct 44 into the box body 43, blowing the soil away from the outer cylinder wall 36 and flowing through the guide pipe 42 to the just-moved shallow soil;

[0061] Step 4: After the first row of travel is completed, start the second row of operation and repeat Step 2 and Step 3.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0063] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil replacement device for the tillage layer of continuous sugar beet cropping, characterized in that Comprising: Frame (1); Topsoil operation assembly, the topsoil operation assembly includes a soil throwing mechanism, the soil throwing mechanism is rotatably connected to the first moving frame, a first motor (2) is arranged on the first moving frame, the first motor (2) is in transmission connection with the soil throwing mechanism, the first moving frame is movably arranged on the frame (1), a first hydraulic cylinder (3) is arranged on the frame (1), and the first hydraulic cylinder (3) is in transmission connection with the first moving frame; Deep soil operation assembly, the deep soil operation assembly includes a crushing mechanism and a soil discharging mechanism, the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism are arranged on the second moving frame, the soil throwing mechanism is located upstream of the crushing mechanism, the crushing mechanism is located upstream of the soil discharging mechanism, a second motor (4) and a third motor (5) are arranged on the second moving frame, the second motor (4) is in transmission connection with the crushing mechanism, the soil discharging mechanism is in transmission connection with the third motor (5), the second moving frame is movably arranged on the frame (1), a second hydraulic cylinder (6) is arranged on the frame (1), and the second hydraulic cylinder (6) is in transmission connection with the second moving frame.

2. The soil replacement device for the continuous cropping tillage layer of sugar beets according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first connecting rods (7) are fixedly connected to the frame (1), a first platform (8) is fixedly connected to the first connecting rods (7), the first moving frame is slidably arranged on the first platform (8), the first hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the first platform (8), and the first hydraulic cylinder (3) is in transmission connection with the first moving frame.

3. The soil replacement device for the continuous cropping tillage layer of sugar beet according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of second connecting rods (9) are fixedly connected to the frame (1), a second platform (10) is fixedly connected to the second connecting rods (9), the second moving frame is slidably arranged on the second platform (10), the second hydraulic cylinder (6) is fixedly connected to the second platform (10), and the second hydraulic cylinder (6) is in transmission connection with the second moving frame.

4. A sugar beet continuous cropping tillage layer soil replacement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first moving frame includes a first top plate (11) and a first bottom plate (12), a plurality of third connecting rods (13) are fixedly connected between the first top plate (11) and the first bottom plate (12), a plurality of first through holes are formed in the first platform (8), the third connecting rods (13) are arranged in the first through holes, the third connecting rods (13) are movably arranged in the first through holes, the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the first top plate (11), the first motor (2) is fixedly connected to the first bottom plate (12), and the soil throwing mechanism is arranged on the first bottom plate (12).

5. A sugar beet continuous cropping tillage layer soil replacement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first bottom plate (12) is fixedly connected to a first mounting plate (14), the soil throwing mechanism comprises a rotating disk (15) and an arc-shaped guide plate (16), a plurality of first crushing knives (17) are fixedly connected to the outer edge of the rotating disk (15), a plurality of second crushing knives (18) are fixedly connected to the end surface of the rotating disk (15), the arc-shaped guide plate (16) is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate (14), the arc-shaped guide plate (16) is located above the rotating disk (15), and the rotating disk (15) is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate (14). 5), the first rotating shaft (19) is rotatably connected to the first mounting plate (14), the output end of the first motor (2) is fixedly connected to the first pulley (20), the first rotating shaft (19) is fixedly connected to the second pulley (21), the first pulley (20) and the second pulley (21) are connected by a belt (22), and the first platform (8) is provided with a third through hole, and the belt (22) passes through the third through hole.

6. The soil replacement device for the continuous cropping tillage layer of sugar beet according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second mobile frame comprises a second top plate (23) and a second bottom plate (24); a plurality of fourth connecting rods (25) are fixedly connected between the second top plate (23) and the second bottom plate (24); a plurality of fourth through holes are provided on the second platform (10); the fourth connecting rods (25) are inserted into the fourth through holes; an output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (6) is fixedly connected to the second top plate (23); and the second motor (4), the third motor (5), the crushing mechanism and the soil discharge mechanism are all arranged on the second bottom plate (24).

7. The soil replacement device for the continuous cropping tillage layer of sugar beet according to claim 6, characterized in that: The crushing mechanism comprises two second rotating shafts (26), the two second rotating shafts (26) are rotatably connected to the second bottom plate (24) through bearings, the second bottom plate (24) is fixedly connected to a first protective shell (27), the second motor (4) is fixedly connected in the first protective shell (27), the two second rotating shafts (26) are fixedly connected to a first gear (29), the two first gears (29) are meshed, the output shaft of the second motor (4) is fixedly connected to any one of the second rotating shafts (26), the second rotating shaft (26) is fixedly connected to a roller (30), and the roller (30) is fixedly connected to a plurality of third crushing knives (31).

8. A sugar beet continuous cropping tillage layer soil replacement device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil discharging mechanism includes a screw soil discharger. A third rotating shaft (32) is rotatably connected to the second bottom plate (24). The third rotating shaft (32) is drivingly connected to the screw soil discharger. The screw soil discharger is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate (24) through a first connecting plate (33). A second protective shell (28) is fixedly connected to the second bottom plate (24). The third motor (5) is fixedly connected inside the second protective shell (28). A second gear (34) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the third motor (5). A third gear (35) is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft (32). The second gear (34) meshes with the third gear (35). A powerful blower mechanism (41) is arranged above the screw soil discharger.

9. The soil replacement device for the continuous cropping tillage layer of sugar beet according to claim 8, characterized in that: The screw soil discharger includes an outer barrel wall (36). The outer barrel wall (36) is fixedly connected to the first connecting plate (33). A fourth rotating shaft (37) is rotatably connected inside the outer barrel wall (36). A spiral blade (38) is fixedly connected to the fourth rotating shaft (37). The spiral blade (38) is located inside the outer barrel wall (36). The fourth rotating shaft (37) is fixedly connected to the third rotating shaft (32). A feed inlet (40) is formed in the outer barrel wall (36). The feed inlet (40) faces the third crushing knife (31). Two protective plates (39) are fixedly connected to the outer barrel wall (36). The protective plates (39) are located on both sides of the feed inlet (40). The powerful blower mechanism includes a blower (41) and a guide pipe (42). A box body (43) is fixedly connected between the second bottom plate (24) and the outer barrel wall (36). The blower (41) is communicated with an air pipe (44). A fifth through hole and a sixth through hole are formed in the box body (43). The air outlet end of the air pipe (44) is fixedly connected to the fifth through hole. The guide pipe (42) is fixedly connected to the sixth through hole.

10. A method for replacing the soil in the tillage layer of continuous sugar beet cropping, based on the device for replacing the soil in the tillage layer of continuous sugar beet cropping described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including: Step 1: Move the device to the area to be operated through the vehicle frame (1), and start the first-row tillage layer soil replacement operation; Step 2: Start the first hydraulic cylinder (3). The first hydraulic cylinder (3) moves the first moving frame downward. Start the first motor (2). The first motor (2) drives the soil throwing mechanism to operate. After the soil throwing mechanism contacts the shallow soil, start to throw the shallow soil to one side; Step 3: As the vehicle frame (1) advances, when the area passed by the soil throwing mechanism can accommodate the crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism, start the second hydraulic cylinder (6). The second hydraulic cylinder (6) moves the second moving frame downward. Start the second motor (4) and the third motor (5). The crushing mechanism and the soil discharging mechanism operate. The crushing mechanism crushes the deep soil, and the soil discharging mechanism throws the crushed deep soil to one side, so that the deep soil covers the shallow soil; Step 4: After the first row of travel is completed, start the second row of operation, and repeat Step 2 and Step 3.

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