High-precision numerical control milling machine based on self-adaptive adjusting system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control milling machines, and discloses a high-precision numerical control milling machine based on a self-adaptive adjusting system.The high-precision numerical control milling machine comprises a supporting rack, a mounting frame is fixedly connected to one side of the top of the supporting rack, a connecting frame is mounted on the outer side of the mounting frame, and a main shaft is movably connected to a through hole in the top of the connecting frame through a bearing; a driving rotary disc is fixedly connected to the top end of the main shaft, a driving block is fixedly connected to the external eccentric position of the driving rotary disc, and a movable frame is slidably connected to the outer surface of the driving rotary disc. By applying the Bernoulli principle and based on the inherent characteristics of fluid, chip collection and main shaft machining loads are dynamically balanced in the machining process, the machining precision and surface quality are remarkably improved, the chip adhesion rate of the tool and the surface of a workpiece is greatly reduced, and the service life of the tool is remarkably prolonged. By optimizing the airflow distribution of the scrap suction pipeline, the problems of airflow dead angles and reentrainment of dust easily caused by traditional fixed dust removal are effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of CNC milling machines, and specifically provides a high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system. Background Art

[0002] As an indispensable key equipment in modern manufacturing, CNC milling machines play a crucial role in the field of machining. Through digital control technology, they precisely control the milling cutter to perform cutting operations on workpieces according to preset program instructions, and can efficiently complete the machining tasks of parts with complex shapes and high-precision requirements. They are widely used in many precision manufacturing industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and mold processing.

[0003] During the operation of traditional CNC milling machines, key machining parameters such as spindle speed and feed rate are usually preset as fixed values and are difficult to be adjusted in real time according to the dynamic changes of actual machining conditions. During the machining process, factors such as cutting force, spindle load, and the temperature of key parts of the machine tool will fluctuate due to changes in workpiece material, shape, cutting depth, etc. However, existing CNC milling machines lack effective real-time monitoring and adaptive adjustment mechanisms and cannot timely capture the changes of these key parameters and make corresponding adjustments.

[0004] When encountering workpiece areas with higher hardness or greater machining difficulty, fixed machining parameters may lead to excessive cutting force, causing excessive wear or even damage to the cutting tool. This not only reduces the service life of the cutting tool, but also may cause workpiece scrapping due to tool breakage, seriously affecting machining quality and production efficiency. At the same time, excessive cutting force will also cause the machine tool to vibrate, further affecting machining accuracy. When machining some complex curved surfaces or fine structures, the fixed feed rate may not meet the requirements of high-precision machining, resulting in an increase in surface roughness of the machining surface and out-of-tolerance dimensional accuracy.

[0005] In addition, the handling of chips generated during the machining process is also a major problem faced by existing CNC milling machines. Currently, most milling machines mainly rely on manual cleaning or installing additional dust removal equipment to handle chips, but this not only increases production costs and manual labor intensity, but also cannot achieve real-time and effective collection of chips during the machining process. If chips cannot be cleaned in time, they will adhere to the surfaces of the cutting tool and the workpiece, affecting the stability of the cutting process, exacerbating tool wear, and reducing machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0006] Therefore, those skilled in the art have proposed a high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system, which solves the problems raised in the above background art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical solutions: A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system, comprising a support frame, one side of the top of the support frame is fixedly connected with a mounting frame, an adapter frame is installed outside the mounting frame, a main shaft is movably connected through a bearing at the through hole at the top of the adapter frame, a driving turntable is fixedly connected to the top end of the main shaft, a driving block is fixedly connected to an eccentric position outside the driving turntable, a movable frame is slidably connected to the outer surface of the driving turntable, two movable rods are fixedly connected to the outside of the movable frame, two fixed cylinders are fixedly connected to the top of the adapter frame, a rubber piston is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed cylinder, an air inlet pipe is communicated with the outside of the rubber piston, a first conveying pipe is communicated with the bottom of the fixed cylinder, one end of the first conveying pipe is communicated with a second conveying pipe, a plurality of chip suction pipes are communicated with the outer surface of the second conveying pipe, and a collection box is arranged inside the adapter frame.

[0009] Through the above technical solutions, the rotation of the main shaft drives the movement of the driving turntable and the driving block, and then the movable frame and the movable rods drive the rubber piston to reciprocate in the fixed cylinder. With the control of the one-way valves of the air inlet pipe and the conveying pipes, an air flow is formed and negative pressure is generated. Finally, the chips generated during processing are adsorbed and collected through the chip suction pipes, so as to keep the processing area clean, improve the processing accuracy and efficiency, and reduce the manual cleaning cost.

[0010] Preferably, one-way valves are installed inside both the air inlet pipe and the first conveying pipe, the conduction directions of the two one-way valves are opposite, and the side of the movable rod away from the movable frame penetrates through the outside of the fixed cylinder and is fixedly connected to the outside of the rubber piston.

[0011] Through the above technical solutions, the one-way valves ensure that the gas can only enter the fixed cylinder from the air inlet pipe and is discharged from the first conveying pipe after being compressed, avoiding the reverse flow of the gas. The movable rod drives the rubber piston to reciprocate to realize the inhalation, compression and discharge of the gas.

[0012] Preferably, a first driving motor is installed on the top of the mounting frame, a driving screw rod is fixedly connected to the output end of the first driving motor, a threaded sleeve is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the driving screw rod, and the outside of the threaded sleeve is fixedly connected to the outside of the adapter frame.

[0013] Through the above technical solutions, the movement of the adapter frame is precisely controlled, so as to drive the milling cutter to make a feeding movement along a predetermined direction, ensuring that the feeding speed during processing is stable and adjustable, and meeting the accuracy and efficiency requirements under different processing needs.

[0014] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of the fixed cylinder is larger than the cross-sectional area of the second conveying pipe, and one end of the second conveying pipe is communicated with the inside of the collection box.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, the cross-sectional area of the fixed cylinder is relatively large, while the cross-sectional area of the second transport pipe is relatively small. When the gas flows from the fixed cylinder into the second transport pipe, the flow rate increases and the pressure decreases, thereby generating a negative pressure at the chip suction pipe, adsorbing the chips generated by the processing and allowing them to enter the second transport pipe with the airflow. Finally, through the second transport pipe connected to the collection box, the chips are discharged into the collection box, achieving efficient collection and centralized processing of the chips and keeping the processing area clean.

[0016] Preferably, two guide rails are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the mounting frame, and a guide block is slidably connected to the outer surface of the guide rail. The outer surface of the guide block is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting frame.

[0017] Through the above technical solution, the guide rails fixedly connected to the outer surface of the mounting frame provide a stable linear motion track for the movement of the connecting frame. The sliding connection between the guide block and the guide rail ensures that the connecting frame can move smoothly and accurately along the predetermined direction during the feeding movement, avoiding deviation or shaking of the connecting frame during the movement, thereby improving the straightness and machining accuracy of the milling cutter feeding.

[0018] Preferably, a second driving motor is installed on the top of the connecting frame. The output end of the second driving motor is fixedly connected to a first synchronous pulley, and a second synchronous pulley is connected to the outside of the first synchronous pulley through a synchronous belt.

[0019] Through the above technical solution, the rotational power of the motor is transmitted smoothly and accurately to the main shaft, driving the milling cutter to rotate, providing power for the cutting process, and ensuring the stability and accuracy of the processing process.

[0020] Preferably, the second synchronous pulley is fixedly connected to the outside of the main shaft, and a milling cutter is installed at the bottom of the main shaft.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, the power from the second driving motor is received through synchronous belt transmission, driving the main shaft to rotate. The milling cutter is installed at the bottom of the main shaft and rotates with the main shaft, thereby realizing the cutting process of the workpiece and ensuring the efficiency and precision of the processing process.

[0022] Preferably, a control box is fixedly connected to the outside of the mounting frame, and an adaptive adjustment system is equipped inside the control box.

[0023] Through the above technical solution, the control box is fixed to the outside of the mounting frame, providing a stable installation position for it, and the internal adaptive adjustment system can monitor various parameters during the processing process in real time.

[0024] A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system, the adaptive adjustment system includes: A signal acquisition module, which is used to collect the spindle load information, cutting force information and temperature information of key parts of the machine tool in real time during the machining process, and convert the collected signals into electrical signals for output; A signal processing module, connected to the signal acquisition module, which is used to perform preprocessing operations such as amplification and filtering on the collected electrical signals, remove noise interference, and extract effective characteristic signals; A control decision-making module, connected to the signal processing module, which is used to store preset basic data, analyze and process according to the effective characteristic signals based on the adaptive control algorithm and control strategy, and calculate control decision results such as feed speed adjustment amount, cutting parameter adjustment amount, position compensation value, and speed compensation value; A feed speed execution module, connected to the control decision-making module, which is used to control the feed speed of the milling cutter according to the feed speed adjustment amount; A rotational speed execution module, connected to the control decision-making module, which is used to adjust the rotational speed of the spindle according to the cutting parameter adjustment amount; A position and speed compensation execution module, connected to the control decision-making module, which is used to adjust the motion position and speed of each axis of the machine tool according to the position compensation value and speed compensation value; A feedback module, connected to the feed speed execution module, rotational speed execution module, and position and speed compensation execution module, which is used to collect the actual operating state information of the machine tool and feedback the actual operating state information to the control decision-making module to achieve closed-loop control.

[0025] Through the above technical solutions, the intelligent and precise control of the machining process is realized. The system can monitor key parameters such as spindle load, cutting force, and temperature of key parts of the machine tool in real time, and with the help of signal processing and adaptive control algorithms, quickly analyze and process data, and then automatically adjust operating parameters such as the feed speed of the milling cutter and the rotational speed of the spindle to ensure that the machining process is always in the best state, effectively improving the machining accuracy and efficiency.

[0026] Preferably, the signal acquisition module is composed of a load sensor, a cutting force sensor, and a temperature sensor. After the signal processing module preprocesses the collected signals, they are transmitted to the control decision-making module through a data bus. The adaptive control software in the control decision-making module analyzes and calculates according to the preset model and the received characteristic signals.

[0027] Through the above technical solutions, it is transmitted to the control decision-making module through a data bus. The adaptive control software in this module analyzes and calculates based on the preset model and characteristic signals, providing a decision basis for subsequent machining parameter adjustment, thereby realizing the adaptive optimization control of the machining process and ensuring the machining quality and efficiency.

[0028] The present invention provides a high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system, having the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention realizes the coordinated linkage between the rotation of the main shaft and the dust removal component, skillfully applying Bernoulli's principle. Based on the inherent characteristics of the fluid, it dynamically balances the chip collection and the machining load of the main shaft during the machining process, not only significantly improving the machining accuracy and surface quality, but also greatly reducing the chip adhesion rate on the surface of the tool and the workpiece, and significantly extending the service life of the tool. By optimizing the airflow distribution in the chip suction pipeline, it effectively avoids the problems of airflow dead angles and secondary dust generation easily caused by traditional fixed dust removal, while significantly improving the stability of the machining process, enhancing the overall machining efficiency and safety, and providing a comprehensive optimization solution for high-precision complex surface machining.

[0029] 2. The present invention realizes the intelligent and precise control of the machining process by adding an adaptive adjustment system. This system can real-time monitor key parameters such as the load of the main shaft, cutting force, and the temperature of key parts of the machine tool, and quickly analyze and process the data by means of signal processing and adaptive control algorithms, and then automatically adjust operating parameters such as the feed speed of the milling cutter and the rotation speed of the main shaft to ensure that the machining process is always in the best state, effectively improving the machining accuracy and efficiency. At the same time, the system also has a closed-loop feedback function, continuously comparing the actual operating state with the preset target, and continuously optimizing the control decision, further enhancing the adaptability of the machine tool to different machining conditions, ensuring that high-precision machining effects can be stably output under diverse machining scenarios, and significantly improving the overall performance and reliability of the CNC milling machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the support frame of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the main shaft of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting frame of the present invention; Figure 5 is Figure 1 an enlarged view of part A in Figure 6 is a sectional view of the fixed cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 is a closed-loop control flow chart of the adaptive adjustment system of the present invention; Figure 8 is a signal processing and execution flow chart of the adaptive adjustment system of the present invention.

[0031] Among them, 1. Support frame; 2. Control box; 3. Mounting frame; 401. First driving motor; 402. Driving screw; 403. Threaded sleeve; 5. Guide rail; 6. Guide block; 701. Second driving motor; 702. First synchronous pulley; 703. Second synchronous pulley; 8. Connecting frame; 901. Driving turntable; 902. Movable frame; 903. Driving block; 904. Movable rod; 905. Fixed cylinder; 906. Intake pipe; 907. Rubber piston; 908. Check valve; 909. First transfer pipe; 910. Second transfer pipe; 911. Chip suction pipe; 10. Milling cutter; 11. Spindle. Detailed implementation manner

[0032] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 - attached Figure 8 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system, including a support frame 1. One side of the top of the support frame 1 is fixedly connected with a mounting frame 3. The outside of the mounting frame 3 is provided with a connecting frame 8. The top through hole of the connecting frame 8 is movably connected with a spindle 11 through a bearing. The top end of the spindle 11 is fixedly connected with a driving turntable 901. An eccentric part of the outside of the driving turntable 901 is fixedly connected with a driving block 903. The outer surface of the driving turntable 901 is slidably connected with a movable frame 902. Two movable rods 904 are fixedly connected to the outside of the movable frame 902. Two fixed cylinders 905 are fixedly connected to the top of the connecting frame 8. The inside of the fixed cylinder 905 is slidably connected with a rubber piston 907. The outside of the rubber piston 907 is communicated with an intake pipe 906. The bottom of the fixed cylinder 905 is communicated with a first transfer pipe 909. One end of the first transfer pipe 909 is communicated with a second transfer pipe 910. A plurality of chip suction pipes 911 are communicated with the outer surface of the second transfer pipe 910. A collection box is arranged inside the connecting frame 8.

[0034] Specifically, the support frame 1 serves as the basic support structure of the entire milling machine, bearing and fixing the mounting frame 3 and other related components, providing a stable and reliable mechanical support for the entire device, and ensuring the stability and accuracy during the processing. The function of the driving block 903 is to convert the rotational motion of the driving turntable 901 into a reciprocating pushing and pulling motion of the movable frame 902. The function of the movable rod 904 is to transmit the motion of the movable frame 902 to the rubber piston 907, driving the rubber piston 907 to reciprocate inside the fixed cylinder 905. The inside of the fixed cylinder 905 serves as the chamber for the reciprocating motion of the rubber piston 907, providing a channel and space for the inhalation, compression, and discharge of gas.

[0035] The one-way valve 908 controls the one-way flow of gas, ensuring that the gas in the fixed cylinder 905 flows along the set path, preventing gas backflow, and guaranteeing the efficiency and stability of gas for collecting debris. The chip suction pipe 911 utilizes the negative pressure generated by the high-speed airflow in the second transport pipe 910 to adsorb the debris produced by processing and brings it into the second transport pipe 910, achieving the collection and transportation of debris. The collection box serves to centrally store the debris, facilitating subsequent cleaning and processing.

[0036] When the main shaft 11 rotates, it drives the turntable 901 to rotate synchronously. The driving block 903 thereon makes a circular motion in the moving slot of the movable frame 902, thereby driving the movable frame 902 to move reciprocally left and right. The movement of the movable frame 902 is transmitted to the rubber piston 907 through the movable rod 904, causing the rubber piston 907 to make a reciprocating motion in the fixed cylinder 905. When the rubber piston 907 moves towards the intake pipe 906, the one-way valve 908 of the intake pipe 906 opens, and the outside air is inhaled into the fixed cylinder 905; when the rubber piston 907 moves towards the first transport pipe 909, the one-way valve 908 of the intake pipe 906 closes, while the one-way valve 908 of the first transport pipe 909 opens, and the gas in the fixed cylinder 905 is compressed and enters the second transport pipe 910 through the first transport pipe 909. Since the cross-sectional area of the second transport pipe 910 is smaller than that of the fixed cylinder 905, the gas flow rate therein increases. According to Bernoulli's principle, the pressure inside the pipe decreases, forming a negative pressure at the chip suction pipe 911, thereby adsorbing the debris produced by processing and bringing it into the second transport pipe 910, and finally discharging it into the collection box. This system realizes the real-time and effective collection of debris during the processing, avoids the adverse effects of debris on the processing process, improves the processing efficiency and quality, and at the same time reduces the labor intensity and cost of manually cleaning the debris.

[0037] One-way valves 908 are installed inside both the intake pipe 906 and the first transport pipe 909. The conduction directions of the two one-way valves 908 are opposite. The side of the movable rod 904 away from the movable frame 902 penetrates the outside of the fixed cylinder 905 and is fixedly connected to the outside of the rubber piston 907. The cross-sectional area of the fixed cylinder 905 is larger than that of the second transport pipe 910. One end of the second transport pipe 910 is connected to the inside of the collection box.

[0038] Specifically, when the movable frame 902 makes a reciprocating motion left and right, through the transmission of the movable rod 904, it can drive the rubber piston 907 to make a reciprocating motion in the fixed cylinder 905, thereby changing the gas volume in the fixed cylinder 905 and realizing the processes of gas inhalation, compression, and discharge. It is the key connecting part that converts mechanical motion into gas flow.

[0039] When gas enters the second transport pipe 910 from the fixed cylinder 905, the flow rate of the gas will increase due to the sudden decrease in the cross-sectional area of the second transport pipe 910. According to Bernoulli's principle, the greater the gas flow rate, the smaller its pressure, thus creating a negative pressure at the chip suction pipe 911. This negative pressure is the key driving force for adsorbing the chips generated during processing and enabling them to enter the chip suction pipe 911, allowing the chips to be smoothly carried into the second transport pipe 910 and ultimately discharged into the collection box.

[0040] A first driving motor 401 is installed at the top of the mounting frame 3. The output end of the first driving motor 401 is fixedly connected to a driving screw 402. The outer surface of the driving screw 402 is threadedly connected to a threaded sleeve 403. The outside of the threaded sleeve 403 is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting frame 8.

[0041] Specifically, after the first driving motor 401 is powered on, the driving screw 402 rotates. Since the threaded sleeve 403 is connected to the connecting frame 8, the rotational motion of the screw is converted into a linear motion of the connecting frame 8, thereby driving the milling cutter 10 to achieve linear feed and complete the cutting process on different parts of the workpiece.

[0042] Two guide rails 5 are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the mounting frame 3. The outer surface of the guide rails 5 is slidably connected to guide blocks 6. The outer surface of the guide blocks 6 is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting frame 8.

[0043] Specifically, when the connecting frame 8 moves up and down, it will drive the guide blocks 6 to move along the outer surface of the guide rails 5, ensuring the stability of the connecting frame 8 during the movement process.

[0044] A second driving motor 701 is installed at the top of the connecting frame 8. The output end of the second driving motor 701 is fixedly connected to a first synchronous pulley 702. The outside of the first synchronous pulley 702 is connected to a second synchronous pulley 703 through a synchronous belt drive. The second synchronous pulley 703 is fixedly connected to the outside of the main shaft 11. A milling cutter 10 is installed at the bottom of the main shaft 11.

[0045] Specifically, when the second driving motor 701 is started, its output end drives the first synchronous pulley 702 to rotate. The first synchronous pulley 702 transmits the rotational motion to the second synchronous pulley 703 through the synchronous belt. The second synchronous pulley 703 then transmits the rotational motion to the main shaft 11, ultimately driving the milling cutter 10 to rotate at a high speed to complete the cutting process on the workpiece.

[0046] A control box 2 is fixedly connected to the outside of the mounting frame 3. An adaptive adjustment system is equipped inside the control box 2.

[0047] The adaptive adjustment system includes: A signal acquisition module, which is used to collect the load information of the main shaft 11, the cutting force information, and the temperature information of the key parts of the machine tool during the processing process in real time, and convert the collected signals into electrical signals for output; Specifically, the signal acquisition module is used to collect the load information, cutting force information of the spindle 11 and the temperature information of the key parts of the machine tool during the machining process in real time, and convert the collected signals into electrical signals for output. It is equipped with a load sensor, a cutting force sensor and a temperature sensor. These sensors are installed on the spindle 11 and the key parts of the machine tool, and can sensitively sense the changes of various physical quantities during the machining process and convert them into electrical signals, providing raw data for subsequent signal processing and control decisions.

[0048] The signal processing module is connected to the signal acquisition module and is used to perform preprocessing operations such as amplifying and filtering on the collected electrical signals, removing noise interference, and extracting effective characteristic signals; Specifically, the signal processing module is connected to the signal acquisition module, and its main function is to perform preprocessing operations such as amplifying and filtering on the collected electrical signals. During the actual machining process, the signals collected by the sensors are often mixed with various noise interferences, such as electromagnetic interference, environmental noise, etc. The signal processing module amplifies the weak signals to an appropriate amplitude through an amplifier circuit, and then uses a filter circuit to remove high-frequency noise and useless signals, thereby extracting effective characteristic signals, improving the quality and reliability of the signals, and providing a clear and accurate signal basis for subsequent control decisions.

[0049] The control decision-making module is connected to the signal processing module and is used to store preset basic data, analyze and process according to the effective characteristic signals based on the adaptive control algorithm and control strategy, and calculate control decision-making results such as feed speed adjustment amount, cutting parameter adjustment amount, position compensation value, and speed compensation value; Specifically, the control decision-making module is connected to the signal processing module, and its function is to store preset basic data, and analyze and process according to the effective characteristic signals output by the signal processing module based on the adaptive control algorithm and control strategy. It can analyze the current machining state in real time, compare it with the preset ideal machining parameters, and calculate control decision-making results such as feed speed adjustment amount, cutting parameter adjustment amount, position compensation value, and speed compensation value according to the difference between the two by using the adaptive control algorithm, so as to achieve precise control of the machining process and ensure machining quality and efficiency.

[0050] The feed speed execution module is connected to the control decision-making module and is used to control the feed speed of the milling cutter 10 according to the feed speed adjustment amount; Specifically, the feed speed execution module is connected to the control decision-making module, and its main function is to accurately control the feed speed of the milling cutter 10 according to the feed speed adjustment amount calculated by the control decision-making module. By reasonably controlling the feed speed, the cutting process can be optimized, and machining quality problems caused by too fast or too slow feed speed, such as increased surface roughness and out-of-tolerance dimensional accuracy, can be avoided, thereby improving machining accuracy and efficiency and ensuring the quality of the workpiece.

[0051] The rotational speed execution module is connected to the control decision-making module and is used to adjust the rotational speed of the main shaft 11 according to the adjustment amount of the cutting parameters. The position and speed compensation execution module is connected to the control decision-making module and is used to adjust the movement position and speed of each axis of the machine tool according to the position compensation value and the speed compensation value. The feedback module is connected to the feed speed execution module, the rotational speed execution module, and the position and speed compensation execution module, and is used to collect the actual operating state information of the machine tool and feedback the actual operating state information to the control decision-making module to achieve closed-loop control.

[0052] The signal acquisition module is composed of a load sensor, a cutting force sensor, and a temperature sensor. After the signal processing module preprocesses the collected signals, they are transmitted to the control decision-making module through a data bus. The adaptive control software in the control decision-making module analyzes and calculates according to the preset model and the received characteristic signals.

[0053] Working principle: When specifically using this device, it includes the following detailed operating principles: After the driving motor two 701 is started, it drives the synchronous pulley one 702 to rotate. With the help of the synchronous belt drive, the synchronous pulley two 703 rotates synchronously, and then drives the main shaft 11 to rotate. The milling cutter 10 is installed at the bottom of the main shaft 11, and the rotation of the main shaft 11 directly drives the milling cutter 10 to rotate at a high speed, providing the necessary cutting power for workpiece processing.

[0054] After the driving motor one 401 is powered on, it drives the screw rod 402 to rotate. Since the threaded sleeve 403 is connected to the connecting frame 8, the rotational motion of the screw rod is converted into the linear motion of the connecting frame 8. The connecting frame 8 moves smoothly along the direction of the guide rail 5 through the cooperation of the guide rail 5 and the guide block 6, thereby driving the milling cutter 10 to achieve linear feed and completing the cutting processing of different parts of the workpiece.

[0055] When the main shaft 11 rotates, the driving turntable 901 fixed at its top rotates synchronously. The driving block 903 is eccentrically installed outside the driving turntable 901. As the driving turntable 901 rotates, the driving block 903 makes a circular motion in the movable groove of the movable frame 902. The movement of the driving block 903 drives the movable frame 902 to move reciprocally left and right, and then the movable rod 904 drives the rubber piston 907 to make a reciprocating motion in the fixed cylinder 905.

[0056] When the rubber piston 907 moves towards the intake pipe 906, the check valve 908 in the intake pipe 906 opens, and the outside air is sucked into the fixed cylinder 905. When the rubber piston 907 moves towards the first transport pipe 909, the check valve 908 in the intake pipe 906 closes, while the check valve 908 in the first transport pipe 909 opens, and the gas in the fixed cylinder 905 is compressed and enters the second transport pipe 910 through the first transport pipe 909. Since the cross-sectional area of the second transport pipe 910 is smaller than that of the fixed cylinder 905, the flow rate of the gas in it increases. According to Bernoulli's principle, the pressure inside the pipe decreases, thereby forming a negative pressure at the chip suction pipe 911, adsorbing the chips generated during processing and bringing them into the second transport pipe 910, and finally discharging them into the collection box.

[0057] In the adaptive adjustment system, the load sensor, cutting force sensor, and temperature sensor of the signal acquisition module monitor information such as the load of the main shaft 11, cutting force, and the temperature of key parts of the machine tool in real time, and convert these non-electrical signals into electrical signals. After receiving the electrical signals, the signal processing module performs preprocessing operations such as amplification and filtering, removes noise interference, and extracts effective characteristic signals.

[0058] The preprocessed signals are transmitted to the control decision-making module through the data bus. The control decision-making module analyzes and calculates the signals based on the preset data stored internally and the adaptive control algorithm, and obtains control decision results such as the feed speed adjustment amount, the main shaft 11 speed adjustment amount, and the position compensation value. According to the instructions of the control decision-making module, the feed speed execution module adjusts the speed of the first drive motor 401, thereby changing the feed speed of the milling cutter 10; the speed execution module adjusts the speed of the second drive motor 701 to change the speed of the main shaft 11; the position and speed compensation execution module finely adjusts the movement position and speed of each axis of the machine tool to ensure the machining accuracy.

[0059] The feedback module real-time collects information on the actual operating state of the machine tool, such as the actual feed speed, the actual speed of the main shaft 11, etc., and feeds this information back to the control decision-making module. The control decision-making module compares the actual operating state with the preset target, dynamically adjusts and optimizes the control decision, realizes closed-loop control, and enables the machine tool to always operate in the best state.

[0060] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system, comprising a support frame (1), characterized in that, On one side of the top of the support frame (1), there is a fixedly connected mounting frame (3). On the outside of the mounting frame (3), there is a connecting frame (8). At the through hole at the top of the connecting frame (8), a main shaft (11) is movably connected through a bearing. At the top end of the main shaft (11), there is a fixedly connected driving turntable (901). At an eccentric position outside the driving turntable (901), there is a fixedly connected driving block (903). On the outer surface of the driving turntable (901), there is a slidably connected movable frame (902). On the outside of the movable frame (902), there are two fixedly connected movable rods (904). At the top of the connecting frame (8), there are two fixedly connected fixed cylinders (905). Inside the fixed cylinder (905), there is a slidably connected rubber piston (907). On the outside of the rubber piston (907), there is a communicated air inlet pipe (906). At the bottom of the fixed cylinder (905), there is a communicated conveying pipe one (909). One end of the conveying pipe one (909) is communicated with a conveying pipe two (910). On the outer surface of the conveying pipe two (910), there are a plurality of chip suction pipes (911). Inside the connecting frame (8), there is a collection box.

2. The high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, wherein, Inside both the air inlet pipe (906) and the conveying pipe one (909), there are one-way valves (908) installed. The conduction directions of the two one-way valves (908) are opposite. The side of the movable rod (904) away from the movable frame (902) penetrates through the outside of the fixed cylinder (905) and is fixedly connected to the outside of the rubber piston (907).

3. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the top of the mounting frame (3), there is a driving motor one (401) installed. At the output end of the driving motor one (401), there is a fixedly connected driving screw rod (402). On the outer surface of the driving screw rod (402), there is a thread sleeve (403) threadedly connected. The outside of the thread sleeve (403) is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting frame (8).

4. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of the fixed cylinder (905) is larger than the cross-sectional area of the conveying pipe two (910). One end of the conveying pipe two (910) is communicated with the inside of the collection box.

5. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the outer surface of the mounting frame (3), there are two guide rails (5) fixedly connected. On the outer surface of the guide rails (5), there is a slidably connected guide block (6). The outer surface of the guide block (6) is fixedly connected to the outside of the connecting frame (8).

6. The high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the top of the connecting frame (8), there is a driving motor two (701) installed. At the output end of the driving motor two (701), there is a fixedly connected synchronous pulley one (702). On the outside of the synchronous pulley one (702), there is a synchronous belt transmission connection with a synchronous pulley two (703).

7. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The synchronous pulley two (703) is fixedly connected to the outside of the main shaft (11). At the bottom of the main shaft (11), there is a milling cutter (10) installed.

8. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the outside of the mounting frame (3), there is a control box (2) fixedly connected. Inside the control box (2), there is an adaptive adjustment system equipped.

9. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive adjustment system includes: A signal acquisition module, which is used to collect the load information of the main shaft (11), the cutting force information, and the temperature information of the key parts of the machine tool during the machining process in real time, and convert the collected signals into electrical signals for output; A signal processing module, connected to the signal acquisition module, is used to perform preprocessing operations such as amplifying and filtering the collected electrical signals, removing noise interference, and extracting effective feature signals; A control decision-making module, connected to the signal processing module, is used to store preset basic data, analyze and process according to the effective feature signals based on an adaptive control algorithm and a control strategy, and calculate control decision results such as a feed speed adjustment amount, a cutting parameter adjustment amount, a position compensation value, and a speed compensation value; A feed speed execution module, connected to the control decision-making module, is used to control the feed speed of the milling cutter (10) according to the feed speed adjustment amount; A rotational speed execution module, connected to the control decision-making module, is used to adjust the rotational speed of the main shaft (11) according to the cutting parameter adjustment amount; A position and speed compensation execution module, connected to the control decision-making module, is used to adjust the motion position and speed of each axis of the machine tool according to the position compensation value and the speed compensation value; A feedback module, connected to the feed speed execution module, the rotational speed execution module, and the position and speed compensation execution module, is used to collect the actual operating state information of the machine tool and feedback the actual operating state information to the control decision-making module to achieve closed-loop control.

10. A high-precision CNC milling machine based on an adaptive adjustment system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The signal acquisition module is composed of a load sensor, a cutting force sensor, and a temperature sensor. After the signal processing module preprocesses the collected signals, they are transmitted to the control decision-making module through a data bus. The adaptive control software in the control decision-making module analyzes and calculates according to a preset model and the received feature signals.

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