Transmission with time-based artificial noise

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. The network entity may apply a pseudo-noise signal to the repetition of the first signal to obtain a set of second signals, and transmit each of the set of second signals to a user equipment (UE) during a respective set of different time intervals. Each of the pseudo-noise signals may be associated with a gain parameter and a phase parameter, and may be based on channel state information (CSI) associated with a channel for communicating with the UE over the respective time interval. Each gain parameter enables the power level of the pseudo noise signal to be within a defined range. And a gain parameter and a phase parameter associated with a pseudo noise signal applied to a subsequent repetition of the first signal may be based on another gain parameter and a phase parameter associated with another phase noise signal applied to a previous repetition of the first signal.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 061,376, entitled "POWER CONTROL FOR TRANSMISSIONS WITH TIME-BASED ARTIFICIAL NOISE," filed on December 2, 2022, by Yapici et al., which is assigned to the assignee of the present application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0003] Technical Field

[0004] The following relates to wireless communication, including power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise. Background Art

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multi-access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multi-access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

[0006] In some systems, a wireless device may convey data, control information, or both. For example, a network entity may send a control channel transmission (e.g., a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) transmission) or a data channel transmission (e.g., a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmission) to a UE. However, in some cases, an unauthorized device may attempt to receive and decode the communication. Additionally or alternatively, an unauthorized device may attempt to perform malicious activities (e.g., may attempt to disrupt or modify the communication), which may result in a lack of confidentiality and integrity of the communication, relatively inefficient communication, and so on. Summary of the Invention

[0007] ​The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatus for supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise. For example, the described technology provides that a transmitting device applies a pseudo-noise (e.g., artificial noise (AN)) to each repetition of the transmission, and since the pseudo-noise is generated based on channel state information (CSI) associated with the channel between the transmitting device and the authorized receiving device, the authorized receiving device can successfully soft combine and decode the transmission.

[0008] To generate a pseudo-noise signal with a power level large enough to sufficiently protect the transmission but small enough such that the device can effectively transmit the pseudo-noise signal, the transmitting device can use a gain parameter to generate the pseudo-noise signal, where the gain parameter keeps the power level of the pseudo-noise signal within a defined power range. Additionally, to enable the authorized receiving device to soft combine and decode the transmission, the device can use a phase parameter to generate the pseudo-noise signal (e.g., to compensate for various magnitudes of the gain parameter). Further, the transmitting device can transmit each repetition during different (e.g., non-overlapping) time intervals. Here, the receiving device can receive each repetition over different time intervals and soft combine these repetitions to decode the transmission. In some cases, the channel between the devices may be time-varying, and thus when transmitting a repetition, the transmitting device may not have estimated the future CSI. Accordingly, the transmitting device can select the gain parameter and the phase parameter associated with the pseudo-noise signal based on both the current estimate of the channel and the gain parameter and the phase parameter associated with the pseudo-noise signal applied to a previous repetition of the transmission, which can enable the transmitting device to apply the pseudo-noise signal to a repetition of the transmission that the authorized receiving device can soft combine and decode.

[0009] A method for wireless communication at a network entity is described. The method can include: receiving a first reference signal from a user equipment (UE) over a first time interval; applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that was applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0010] Describes an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval; apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval; and transmit the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0011] Describes another apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval; means for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval; and means for transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0012] Describes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval; apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval; and transmit the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0013] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal may be based on the first gain parameter, and the first gain parameter may be based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

[0014] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than the first defined power level and less than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter may be equal to the second gain parameter, the first gain parameter may be equal to the second gain parameter.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first phase parameter may further be based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal, the third pseudo-noise signal being applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal that may be transmitted to the UE on a fourth time interval that occurs before the first time interval.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: after transmitting the second signal to the UE, receiving a second reference signal from the UE; applying a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, wherein the third pseudo-noise signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter that may be based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter; and transmitting the fourth signal to the UE.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, based on the second power of the first pseudo-noise signal being less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter may be equal to the second gain parameter, the first gain parameter may be different from the second gain parameter.

[0018] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE, and the first phase parameter may be based on whether the first power level of the first reference signal may be within a threshold amount of the second power level of the second reference signal.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE, and based on a correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter may be based on the second gain parameter and the second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending signaling to the UE requesting the UE to send the first reference signal over the first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the UE may be based on sending the signaling.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE, and sending the signaling requesting the UE to send the first reference signal over the first time interval may be based on a predicted correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE, and the first reference signal and the second reference signal may be received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the network entity, or both, based on a correlation between the second estimated CSI and a third predicted CSI corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the UE over the first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE, and the first reference signal and the second reference signal may be received at the network entity via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

[0024] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending signaling to the UE and based on sending the second signal indicating that the second signal and the third signal may be repetitions of the first signal.

[0025] A method for wireless communication at a UE is described. The method may include: receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval; applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0026] An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval; apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and transmit the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0027] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a UE is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval; means for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and means for transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0028] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval; apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval occurring before the first time interval; and transmit the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval occurring after the first time interval.

[0029] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, a first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal may be based on the first gain parameter, and the first gain parameter may be based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than the first defined power level and less than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter may be equal to the second gain parameter, the first gain parameter may be equal to the second gain parameter.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first phase parameter may further be based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal transmitted to the network entity over a fourth time interval occurring before the first time interval.

[0032] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: after transmitting the second signal to the network entity, receiving a second reference signal from the network entity; applying a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, wherein the third pseudo-noise signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter; and transmitting the fourth signal to the network entity.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first gain parameter may be different from the second gain parameter based on the second power of the first pseudo-noise signal being less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter may be equal to the second gain parameter.

[0034] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity, and the first phase parameter may be based on whether the first power level of the first reference signal may be within a threshold amount of the second power level of the second reference signal.

[0035] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity, and based on the correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter may be based on the second gain parameter and the second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may further include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending signaling to the network entity requesting the network entity to send the first reference signal over the first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the network entity may be based on sending the signaling.

[0037] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity, and sending the signaling requesting the network entity to send the first reference signal over the first time interval may be based on a predicted correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold.

[0038] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity, and the first reference signal and the second reference signal may be received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the UE, or both based on the correlation between the second estimated CSI and a third predicted CSI corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the network entity over the first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

[0039] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal may be based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity, and the first reference signal and the second reference signal may be received at the UE via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

[0040] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending, to the network entity and based on transmitting the second signal, signaling indicating that the second signal and the third signal may be repetitions of the first signal. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate examples of a wireless communication system supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 3 illustrate a timing diagram supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 4 illustrate examples of pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 5 illustrate examples of flowcharts supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0045] Figure 6 illustrate examples of process flows supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 7 and Figure 8 illustrate a block diagram of an apparatus supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0047] Figure 9 illustrate a block diagram of a communication manager supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0048] Figure 10Illustrates a diagram of a system including a device that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 11 and Figure 12 Illustrates a block diagram of a device that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0050] Figure 13 Illustrates a block diagram of a communication manager that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0051] Figure 14 Illustrates a diagram of a system including a device that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

[0052] Figures 15 to 18 Illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Detailed Description

[0053] Some wireless communication systems may support the communication of control information or data between devices (e.g., between a network entity and a user equipment (UE)). In some cases, to introduce security and protection for transmissions (e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) transmissions, physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmissions, physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmissions, physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions), a device may utilize pseudo-noise injection for these transmissions. For example, a device may apply pseudo-noise (e.g., artificial noise (AN)) to each repetition of a transmission, and since the pseudo-noise is generated based on channel state information (CSI) associated with the channel between the transmitting device and the authorized receiving device, the authorized receiving device may successfully soft combine and decode the transmission (e.g., the pseudo-noise may cancel itself out at the authorized receiving device). In some examples, the transmitting device may send each repetition during different time intervals. The receiving device may receive each repetition over different time intervals and soft combine the repetitions to decode the transmission.

[0054] In some cases, the power of the pseudo-noise signal may be inversely proportional to the metric of the channel between the two devices (e.g., corresponding to the received power of a reference signal transmitted via the channel). Herein, if the channel is associated with a relatively high power, the power of the pseudo-noise may be relatively low and may not provide sufficient protection for the transmission (e.g., an unauthorized receiving device may decode the underlying transmission). Additionally, if the channel is associated with a relatively low power, the power of the pseudo-noise may be relatively high and transmitting the pseudo-noise signal may consume a large amount of power (e.g., an inefficient amount of power, an amount of power not supported by the transmitting device).

[0055] Accordingly, the techniques described herein may support a device in generating a pseudo-noise signal having a power level within a defined range (e.g., a power greater than a first minimum power level and less than a second maximum power level). For example, the device may use a gain parameter that is proportional to the power level of the channel and bounded by the first power level and the second power level to generate the pseudo-noise signal. Accordingly, the device may select the gain parameter based on an estimated power of the channel to ensure that the power level of the pseudo-noise signal falls between the first power level and the second power level. Additionally, to enable an authorized receiving device to soft combine and decode the transmission, the device may use a phase parameter to generate the pseudo-noise signal.

[0056] Specifically, to generate a first pseudo-noise signal for a first repetition of a signal applied thereto, the device may use a gain parameter that causes the power level of the first pseudo-noise signal to fall between the first power level and the second power level based on an estimate of the channel at a first time. Additionally, the device may use a random phase parameter to generate the first pseudo-noise signal. Then, to generate a second pseudo-noise signal for a subsequent repetition of the signal applied thereto under changing channel conditions, the device may use a gain parameter that both causes the power level of the second pseudo-noise signal to fall between the first power level and the second power level (e.g., based on a second estimate of the channel at a later second time) and enables the authorized receiving device to soft combine and decode the transmission. Additionally, the device may select a second phase parameter to generate the second pseudo-noise signal such that the authorized receiving device can soft combine and decode the transmission based on the first gain parameter, the first phase parameter, and the second gain parameter (e.g., the pseudo-noise in the first repetition and the pseudo-noise in subsequent repetitions may cancel each other out at the receiver). The device may continue to select gain parameters and phase parameters to generate pseudo-noise signals for subsequent repetitions of the transmission such that the power level of the pseudo-noise signal falls within the defined power level range and the authorized receiving device can soft combine the repetitions and decode the transmission.

[0057] Aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. Then aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of communication schemes, pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations, flowcharts, and process flows. Aspects of the present disclosure are further illustrated by means of diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts related to power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise and are described with reference to these diagrams.

[0058] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other system and radio technologies including future system and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0059] The network entities 105 may be dispersed over a geographical area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other names. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, the network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which the network entity 105 and the UEs 115 may support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0060] The UEs 115 may be dispersed over the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or both stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices, such as Figure 1 other UEs 115 or network entities 105 as shown.

[0061] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or a wireless node) can be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, a device, an equipment, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node can be a UE 115. As another example, the node can be a network entity 105. As yet another example, a first node can be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node can be a UE 115, the second node can be a network entity 105, and the third node can be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node can be a UE 115, the second node can be a network entity 105, and the third node can be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node can be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc. can include the disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, the disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0062] In some examples, the network entity 105 can communicate with the core network 130 or with each other or both. For example, the network entity 105 can communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entity 105 can communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between the network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) via the backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, the network entity 105 can communicate with each other via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to a fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, the midhaul communication link 162, or the fronthaul communication link 168 can be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, optical fiber links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc. or various combinations thereof. The UE 115 can communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.

[0063] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation Node B or giga Node B (either of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home Node B, home evolved Node B or other suitable terms). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an integrated (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0064] In some examples, the network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., disaggregated base station architecture, disaggregated RAN architecture) that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105 (such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) or virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., near-real-time RIC (near RT RIC), non-real-time RIC (non RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, intelligent radio head, remote radio head (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU) or transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0065] The functional split between the CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functions, depending on which functions are performed at the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170 (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof). For example, a functional split of the protocol stack can be employed between the CU 160 and the DU 165 such that the CU 160 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3), layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165s or RU 170s, and one or more DU 165s or RU 170s can host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and can each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack can be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170 such that the DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170s). In some cases, the functional split between the CU 160 and the DU 165 or between the DU 165 and the RU 170 can be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions of a protocol layer can be performed by one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of that protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). The CU 160 can be further functionally split into a CU control plane (CU-CP) and a CU user plane (CU-UP) function. The CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165s via an intermediate transport communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170s via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the intermediate transport communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 can be implemented according to an interface (e.g., a channel) between the layers of the protocol stack, which layers are supported by the respective network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0066] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections and thereby provide an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via the supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). An IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with a UE 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170 of the IAB node 104) of the IAB node 104 for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, an IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the split RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of an IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0067] In the context where the techniques described herein are applied to a split RAN architecture, one or more components of the split RAN architecture may be configured to support power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the split RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0068] The UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or some other suitable term, where the "device" may also be referred to as a unit, station, terminal, or client, etc. The UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, the UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, meters, etc.

[0069] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UE 115s that may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entity 105 and network equipment including macro eNB or gNB, small cell eNB or gNB, or relay base stations, etc., as Figure 1 shown.

[0070] The UE 115 and network entity 105 may wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier for the communication link 125 may include a portion (e.g., bandwidth part (BWP)) of an RF spectrum band operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. According to a carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 may be configured to have multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation may be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between these devices and any part (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "transmit", "receive", or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any part of the communication of the network entity 105 of the RAN (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0071] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN)), and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UE 115. A carrier may operate in an independent mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be performed by the UE 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may operate in a non-independent mode, in which case the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., different carriers of the same or different radio access technologies).

[0072] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include other transmission configurations such as a downlink transmission (e.g., a forward link transmission) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, an uplink transmission (e.g., a return link transmission) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both. A carrier may carry downlink communication or uplink communication (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink communication and uplink communication (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0073] A carrier may be associated with a specific bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz) of a carrier of a particular radio access technology. Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., the network entity 105, the UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication using a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be configurable to support communication using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communication using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0074] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system using MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and the subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), so that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high rate of communication. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0075] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) seconds, for which Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of the communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0076] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, the frame may be divided into subframes (e.g., in the time domain), and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of micro time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0077] A subframe, time slot, mini-slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0078] According to various techniques, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. For example, one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region of a physical control channel (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 can monitor or search a control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with the coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. A search space set can include a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115.

[0079] In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., the base station 140, RU 170) can be movable and thus provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0080] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.

[0081] In some examples, the UE 115 may be configured to communicate directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170), and the network entity may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled) by the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105 or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, the network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communication. In some other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving the network entity 105.

[0082] The core network 130 can provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), and the evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) can include at least one control plane entity for managing access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) and at least one user plane entity for routing packets or interconnecting to an external network (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)). The control plane entity can manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as the mobility, authentication, and bearer management of the UE 115 served by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets can be transferred through the user plane entity, which can provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity can be connected to the IP services 150 of one or more network operators. The IP services 150 can include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), or a packet switched streaming service.

[0083] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands that can be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or the decimeter band because, in terms of length, the wavelength range is from approximately one decimeter to one meter. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which can be referred to as clutter), but these waves can be sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can serve UEs 115 located indoors. Compared with communications using smaller frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communications using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers).

[0084] The wireless communication system 100 can utilize both licensed RF spectrum bands and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can use an unlicensed band (such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band) to employ licensed-assisted access (LAA), long term evolution unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using an unlicensed RF spectrum band, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, the operation using an unlicensed band can be combined with a component carrier operating using a licensed band based on a carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA). The operation using unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, peer-to-peer (P2P) transmissions, or device-to-device (D2D) transmissions, etc.

[0085] The network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of antenna ports in multiple rows and columns that the network entity 105 may use for beamforming to support communication with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0086] The network entity 105 or UE 115 may use MIMO communication to utilize multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may be transmitted, for example, by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0087] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via the antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a particular direction relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference while other signals experience destructive interference. The adjustment of the signals communicated via the antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustment associated with each of these antenna elements can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0088] Network entity 105 or UE 115 can use beam scanning techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) can use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) can be sent by network entity 105 multiple times in different directions. For example, network entity 105 can send signals according to different sets of beamforming weights associated with different transmission directions. The transmissions along different beam directions can be used to identify (e.g., by the transmitting device such as network entity 105, or by the receiving device such as UE 115) the beam directions for later transmission or reception by network entity 105.

[0089] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device) can be sent by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with a receiving device such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with the transmission along a single beam direction can be determined based on signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 can receive one or more of the signals sent by network entity 105 in different directions and can report to network entity 105 an indication of the signal that UE 115 receives with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0090] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., by network entity 105 or UE 115) may be carried out using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more subbands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signal (CRS), channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)), which may or may not be precoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel type codebook, linear combination type codebook, port selection type codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) in one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times in different directions (e.g., for identifying beam directions used by UE 115 for subsequent transmissions or receptions), or for transmitting signals in a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device).

[0091] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform receiving operations according to multiple receiving configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a receiving device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform receiving according to multiple receiving directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays, processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, receiving according to different sets of receiving beamforming weights (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or processing received signals according to different sets of receiving beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array. Any of these operations may be referred to as "listening" according to different receiving configurations or receiving directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single receiving configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal). The single receiving configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receiving configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0092] In some instances of other wireless communication systems 100, a device may send signals without any security or protection. For example, a device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115, base station 140) may send a PDCCH or PUCCH transmission without any security or protection measures. In some other instances of wireless communication system 100, a device may rely on AN cancellation to provide security directly in the PHY layer. For example, a transmitting device may apply a pseudo-noise signal to repetitions of a PDCCH or PUCCH transmission, which may increase the security and protection of the PDCCH or PUCCH transmission. Then, a receiving device may soft combine the repetitions of the PDCCH or PUCCH transmission and decode the PDCCH or PUCCH transmission. Equation 1 illustrates an example definition of a first AN (e.g., pseudo-noise signal β1) applied to a first repetition of a signal x1 and Equation 2 illustrates an example definition of a second AN (e.g., pseudo-noise signal β2) applied to a second repetition of a signal x2.

[0093]

[0094] In the examples of Equation 1 and Equation 2, u may correspond to a noise vector that may reduce (e.g., minimize) the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). For example, u may be a noise vector that causes the PAPR to satisfy a threshold. Additionally, h may correspond to a channel gain (e.g., the power of a channel). Equation 3 illustrates an example of a signal generated based on applying a pseudo-noise signal β1 to a signal x1 (e.g., a signal including a first repetition of a message or packet) and Equation 4 illustrates an example of a signal generated based on applying a pseudo-noise signal β2 to a signal x2 (e.g., a signal including a second repetition of a message or packet).

[0095]

[0096] In the examples of Equation 3 and Equation 4, may correspond to an estimated channel gain (e.g., the power of a channel estimated by a transmitting device corresponding to the CSI of the channel), and z may correspond to an observation noise. Equation 5 illustrates an example of the combination of each received signal y at a receiving device.

[0097]

[0098] In the example of Equation 5, if each individual pseudo-noise signal β1 and β2 is not generated using different CSI, any receiving device may cancel the pseudo-noise signal (e.g., AN interference). That is, even in the case where, the term in Equation 5 It may also be equal to 0 (e.g., disappear), which may occur when the receiving device is not an authorized receiving device and the CSI value (e.g., corresponding to h) cannot be determined. Therefore, to enable the transmitting device to use the pseudo-noise signal to make the repetition of the signal secure or protected, the CSI diversity across message copies may be higher than a threshold (e.g., the CSI for each repetition may be different).

[0099] Equations 1 and 2 can be examples of power control for AN cancellation based on absolute channel inversion. That is, the magnitudes of the powers of the pseudo-noise signals β1 and β2 may be inversely proportional to the estimated channel gain h absolutely. AN cancellation based on absolute channel inversion may result in the power level of the pseudo-noise signal (e.g., AN signal) being very large (e.g., unaffordable) or very small (e.g., insufficient to provide security).

[0100] In some cases, the transmitting device may generate a pseudo-noise signal that is not based on absolute channel inversion (e.g., the power level of the pseudo-noise signal is not only inversely proportional to the estimated power level of the channel). For example, the transmitting device may transmit repetitions of a signal (e.g., PDDCH or PUCCH signal) over a single coherence time interval via different frequency resources or different beam configurations. That is, for frequency-based CSI diversity, the transmitting device may transmit each repetition of the signal repetitions over the coherence time interval via different frequency resources. Additionally, for space- or beam-based CSI diversity, the transmitting device may transmit each repetition of the signal repetitions via different beam configurations or different TRPs. In either case, the transmitting device may generate a pseudo-noise signal that is not based on absolute channel inversion but whose power level is also based on gain parameters and phase parameters. Equation 6 illustrates an example definition of a first AN (e.g., pseudo-noise signal β1) applied to a first repetition of a signal x1, where the pseudo-noise signal β1 is based on a first gain parameter γ1 and a first phase parameter θ1. Additionally, Equation 7 illustrates an example definition of a second AN (e.g., pseudo-noise signal β2) applied to a second repetition of a signal x2, where the pseudo-noise signal β2 is based on a second gain parameter γ2 and a second phase parameter θ2.

[0101]

[0102] For example, the transmitting device may receive a reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) associated with a coherence time interval from the receiving device. Then, the transmitting device may estimate the CSI of each channel during the coherence time interval based on the reference signal. In the examples of Equation 6 and Equation 7, h1 and h2 may each correspond to the estimated CSI of each respective channel (e.g., estimated based on the transmitting device receiving the SRS or a portion of the SRS from the receiving device via the respective channel). Here, h1≠h2 is caused by each copy being transmitted using a different channel (e.g., different frequency resources, different beam configurations, etc.). Then, the transmitting device may identify a set of gain parameters and phase parameters for the respective set of pseudo-noise signals, which parameters both keep the power level of each pseudo-noise signal in the pseudo-noise signal set within a defined range (e.g., greater than a first power level associated with adequately protecting the repetition of the signal and less than a second power level that may be relatively intolerable), and enable the receiving device to use the AN cancellation scheme to soft combine and decode the signals.

[0103] Equations 8 and 9 illustrate examples of signals obtained by applying the pseudo-noise signals β1 (e.g., as defined according to Equation 6) and β2 (e.g., as defined according to Equation 7) to the signals x1 and x2, respectively.

[0104] y1 = h1(x1 + β1) + z1 (8)

[0105] y2 = h2(x2 + β2) + z2 (9)

[0106] Additionally, Equation 10 illustrates an example definition of the accumulated pseudo-noise signal (e.g., accumulated AN interference) at the receiving device in the case where the transmitting device transmits repetitions of the signals according to Equations 8 and 9.

[0107]

[0108] However, to generate each of the sets of gain parameters and phase parameters, the transmitting device may rely on a priori identifying the estimated CSI of each channel (e.g., associated with each frequency resource in the set of frequency resources in the case of CSI diversity, associated with each beam configuration in the set of beam configurations in the case of spatial or beam-based CSI diversity). That is, in the examples of Equation 6 to Equation 9, the transmitting device may use the received SRS to estimate h1 and h2, and determine (e.g., calculate) {β1,θ1} and {β2,θ2} before transmitting either of the signals y1 or y2. In some instances, relying on a priori (e.g., before transmitting either of the signals y1 or y2) identifying the estimated CSI of each channel may result in each repetition of the transmitted signal within a single channel coherence time. Transmitting each repetition within a single channel coherence time may increase the likelihood that the CSI associated with the channel may not change between the estimated CSI and the transmission of the corresponding signal repetition, which may enable the AN to cancel itself out at the receiving device (e.g., the parameters of the AN may accurately reflect the CSI). That is, to increase the likelihood that the estimated CSI on which the transmitting device relies to generate the pseudo-noise signal to apply to each repetition of the signal (e.g., the replica) does not change before the transmitting device transmits the protected repetition of the signal, the transmitting device may transmit each repetition of the signal within a single channel coherence time.

[0109] In this example, if the transmitting device does not a priori (e.g., before generating the pseudo-noise signal to apply to the first repetition of the signal) estimate any of the CSI of each channel, the transmitting device may not be able to identify any gain parameters and phase parameters that both keep the power level of each pseudo-noise signal in the set of pseudo-noise signals within the defined range and enable the receiving device to utilize the AN cancellation scheme. For example, if the repetition of the signal relies on time-based CSI diversity, each repetition of the signal may be transmitted via different coherence time intervals (e.g., to provide sufficient CSI diversity), each coherence time interval associated with a different estimated CSI. For example, the transmitting device may estimate h1, determine (e.g., calculate) {β1,θ1}, and transmit the signal y1. Then (e.g., after transmitting the signal y1), the transmitting device may estimate h2, determine (e.g., calculate) {β2,θ2}, and transmit the signal y2. Here, when generating the pseudo-noise signal to apply to the repetition of the signal transmitted via the earlier coherence time interval, the transmitting device may not know the estimated CSI associated with the future repetition of the signal.

[0110] However, in the example of the wireless communication system 100, the device may use gain parameters and phase parameters to generate a pseudo-noise signal to apply to the repetition of a signal associated with time-based CSI diversity, where the gain parameters and phase parameters are selected without prior knowledge of CSI for time intervals without future participation (e.g., time slots or intervals for future repetitions of the transmitted signal). For example, the device may use gain parameters selected based on the estimated power of the channel (e.g., corresponding to the estimated CSI) and generate a pseudo-noise signal without estimating the power of the channel associated with future repetitions of the signal to ensure that the power level of the pseudo-noise signal falls between a first power level and a second power level. Additionally, to enable an authorized receiving device to soft combine and decode the transmission, the device may use the selected phase parameters to generate the pseudo-noise signal without the transmitting device estimating the CSI associated with the channel for future repetitions of the signal.

[0111] For example, to generate a first pseudo-noise signal to apply to a first repetition of a signal, the device may use a gain parameter that causes the power level of the first pseudo-noise signal to fall between a first power level and a second power level based on an estimate of the channel at a first time. Additionally, the device may use a random phase parameter to generate the first pseudo-noise signal. Subsequently, to generate a second pseudo-noise signal to apply to a subsequent repetition of the signal, the device may use a gain parameter that causes the power level of the second pseudo-noise signal to fall between the first power level and the second power level (e.g., based on a second estimate of the channel at a later second time). Additionally, the device may select a second phase parameter based on the first gain parameter, the first phase parameter, and the second gain parameter to generate the second pseudo-noise signal, which enables soft combining of the first repetition to self-cancel AN at the authorized receiving device through subsequent repetitions. The device may continue to select gain parameters and phase parameters to generate pseudo-noise signals to apply to subsequent repetitions of the transmission such that the power level of the pseudo-noise signal falls within a defined power level range and the authorized receiving device can soft combine the repetitions and decode the transmission.

[0112] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 and may include wireless devices 205-a and 205-b, which may be as described above with reference to Figure 1Examples of the described network entity 105 or UE 115. For example, wireless device 205-a may be an example of network entity 105, and wireless device 205-b may be an example of UE 115. In another example, wireless device 205-a may be an example of UE 115, and wireless device 205-b may be an example of network entity 105.

[0113] In an example of wireless communication system 200, wireless device 205-a may rely on a time-based CSI diversity scheme to transmit multiple repetitions 215 of a signal (e.g., PDCCH signal, PDSCH signal, PUCCH signal, PUSCH signal), where the signal corresponds to a packet, a message, or both. For example, wireless device 205-a may transmit a first repetition 215-a of the signal during a first time interval, and transmit a second repetition 215-b of the signal during a second non-overlapping time interval. In some cases, the first and second repetitions 215 of the signal may be separated by a minimum interval (e.g., channel coherence time) to increase CSI diversity between different repetitions 215. Wireless device 205-b may receive the multiple repetitions 215 of the signal and soft combine the repetitions 215 of the signal to decode the signal.

[0114] In some cases, transmitting wireless device 205-a may apply a pseudo-noise signal to each repetition 215 before transmitting the repetitions 215. For example, wireless device 205-a may apply a first pseudo-noise signal to the first repetition 215-a (e.g., to generate a second signal) before transmitting the first repetition 215-a, and may apply a second pseudo-noise signal to the second repetition 215-b (e.g., to generate a third signal) before transmitting the second repetition 215-b. The pseudo-noise signal may be based on the CSI associated with the channel between wireless devices 205, which may enable wireless device 205-b to soft combine the repetitions 215 and decode the signal while preventing an unauthorized wireless device (not shown) from decoding the signal.

[0115] For example, wireless device 205-b may send a reference signal 210-a (e.g., SRS) to wireless device 205-a. In some cases, wireless device 205-b may send reference signal 210-a in response to a request from wireless device 205-a to send reference signal 210-a. Wireless device 205-a may estimate the CSI associated with the channel corresponding to reference signal 210-a, and during a first time interval (e.g., during which reference signal 210-a and repetition 215-a are sent), generate a first pseudo-noise signal based on the estimated CSI associated with the channel. The first pseudo-noise signal may also be based on a first gain parameter and a first phase parameter. In some cases, wireless device 205-a may select the first gain parameter for the first pseudo-noise signal such that the power level of the first pseudo-noise signal falls within a defined range, such that the power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level. Additionally, wireless device 205-a may randomly select the first phase parameter. After generating the first pseudo-noise signal, wireless device 205-a may apply the first pseudo-noise signal to repetition 215-a and may send repetition 215-a to wireless device 205-b (e.g., a repetition that is protected or secured based on the application of the first pseudo-noise signal).

[0116] Wireless device 205-b may send a second reference signal 210-b (e.g., SRS) to wireless device 205-a. In some cases, wireless device 205-b may send reference signal 210-b in response to a request from wireless device 205-b to send reference signal 210-a. For example, wireless device 205-b may send the request based on the amount of time between the sending of the first reference signal 210-a and the sending of the second reference signal 210-b by wireless device 205-b exceeding a threshold.

[0117] In another example, the wireless device 205-b may send the request based on a predicted correlation between the CSI corresponding to the reference signal 210-a and the CSI corresponding to the reference signal 210-b being less than a threshold. Here, the wireless device 205-a may predict the CSI (e.g., statistical CSI) corresponding to the reference signal 210-b before receiving the reference signal 210-b. If, before receiving the reference signal 210-b, the wireless device 205-a determines that the predicted CSI (e.g., statistical CSI) corresponding to the reference signal 210-b provides sufficient CSI diversity relative to the CSI corresponding to the reference signal 210-a, the wireless device 205-a may send a request for the wireless device 205-b to send the reference signal 210-b. Additionally, if, before receiving the reference signal 210, the wireless device 205-a determines that the predicted CSI corresponding to the reference signal 210 fails to provide sufficient CSI diversity relative to the CSI corresponding to a previously received reference signal 210, the wireless device 205-a may prohibit sending a request for the wireless device 205-b to send the reference signal 210. In these examples, the wireless device 205-b may not send the reference signal 210 unless the wireless device 205-a predicts that the CSI corresponding to the reference signal 210 provides sufficient CSI diversity (e.g., the wireless device 205-a predicts that the correlation between the CSI corresponding to a future reference signal 210 and the CSI corresponding to a previously received reference signal 210 is less than a threshold correlation).

[0118] The wireless device 205-a may estimate the CSI associated with the channel during a second time interval corresponding to the reference signal 210-b (e.g., transmit the reference signal 210-b and the repetition 215-b during the second time interval). In a case where the correlation of the CSI associated with the channel during the second time interval is below a threshold (e.g., there is sufficient CSI diversity between the first time interval and the second time interval), the wireless device 205-a may generate a second pseudo-noise signal based on the estimated CSI associated with the channel during the second time interval. The second pseudo-noise signal may also be based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter. The wireless device 205-a may select the second gain parameter for the second pseudo-noise signal such that the power level of the second pseudo-noise signal is within a defined range. The second gain and phase parameters may also be selected based on the first gain and phase parameters. That is, the wireless device 205-a may select the values of the second gain parameter and the phase parameter to ensure that the wireless device 205-b can use the pseudo-noise signal cancellation scheme to soft combine the repetition 215-b and decode the signal. After generating the second pseudo-noise signal, the wireless device may apply the second pseudo-noise signal to the repetition 215-b and may send the repetition 215-b to the wireless device 205-b (e.g., the repetition protected or secured based on the application of the second pseudo-noise signal).

[0119] In other cases where the correlation between the CSI associated with the channel during the first time interval and the CSI associated with the channel during the second time interval is not less than a threshold (e.g., there is not sufficient CSI diversity between the first time interval and the second time interval), the wireless device 205-a may not transmit the reference signal 210-b within the second time interval according to a time-based CSI diversity scheme. Additionally, if the repetition 215 of the signal is associated with a defined delay bound (e.g., corresponding to a defined time length in which the repetition 215 of the signal is transmitted), the wireless device 205-a may not be able to use the time-based CSI diversity scheme to meet the defined delay bound (e.g., a given delay bound requirement of the signal). That is, if the channel coherence time is long (e.g., corresponding to the CSI of the channel between the wireless devices 205 not changing quickly), the wireless device 205-a may not be able to transmit the repetition 215 within the defined delay bound.

[0120] The wireless device 205-a may determine that the wireless device 205-a cannot use time-based CSI diversity to transmit the repetition 215 within the defined delay bound in response to receiving the reference signal 210-b. For example, the wireless device 205-a may identify that the correlation between the CSI corresponding to the received reference signal 210-a and the CSI corresponding to the received reference signal 210-b is not less than a threshold. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may determine that the wireless device 205-a cannot use time-based CSI diversity to transmit the repetition 215 within the defined delay bound in response to predicting one or more CSI corresponding to the channel (e.g., before receiving one or both of the reference signals 210). For example, the wireless device may identify that the predicted CSI corresponding to the reference signal 210-b and the CSI corresponding to the predicted or received reference signal 210-a are not less than a threshold.

[0121] In some examples, if the wireless device 205-a identifies that it is unlikely to meet the defined delay bound associated with the repetition 215 of the signal using the time-based CSI diversity scheme, the wireless device 205-a may alternatively switch to another type of CSI diversity. For example, the wireless device 205-a may rely on other types of CSI diversity (e.g., frequency-based CSI diversity, space- or beam-based CSI diversity) to transmit the repetition 215-b. In some other examples, the wireless device 205-a may alternatively discard the signal (e.g., may avoid transmitting one or more additional repetitions 215 of the signal).

[0122] Wireless device 205-a may send a control signal 220 (e.g., via downlink control information (DCI)) to wireless device 205-b, the control signal including an indication of repetitions 215-a and 215-b corresponding to a repetition 215 of a single signal. For example, the control signal 220 may include an indication for wireless device 205-b to soft combine repetitions 215-a and 215-b to obtain the signal. Additionally or alternatively, the control signal 220 may include an indication of one or more time intervals (e.g., time slots) that include the repetitions 215 for wireless device 205-b to soft combine.

[0123] In a case where wireless device 205-b fails to detect one or more repetitions of repetition 215 (e.g., indicated within control signal 220), wireless device 205-b may send feedback to wireless device 205-a. For example, wireless device 205-b may send a negative acknowledgment (NACK) indication to wireless device 205-a, the negative acknowledgment (NACK) indication indicating that wireless device 205-b fails to detect one or more repetitions of repetition 215. If wireless device 205-a receives feedback from wireless device 205-b indicating that wireless device 205-b fails to detect one or more repetitions of repetition 215, wireless device 205-a may retransmit one or more repetitions of repetition 215. For example, wireless device 205-a may retransmit one or more repetitions 215 that wireless device 205-b indicates (e.g., via NACK) a detection failure for. In another example, wireless device 205-a may retransmit each repetition of repetition 215 of the signal. Additionally or alternatively, if wireless device 205-a receives feedback from wireless device 205-b indicating a failure to detect one or more repetitions of repetition 215, wireless device 205-a may discard the message and not retransmit any of the repetitions 215. Here, wireless device 205-b may be unable to decode the message.

[0124] Figure 3 An example of a timing diagram 300 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the timing diagram 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of wireless communication system 100 and wireless communication system 200, and may include wireless devices 205, which may be examples of UE 115, network entity 105, and wireless device 205 as described above with reference to Figure 1 and Figure 2 described. In one example, wireless device 305-a may include network entity 105, and wireless device 305-b may include UE 115. In another example, wireless device 305-a may include UE 115, and wireless device 305-b may include network entity 105.

[0125] The timing diagram 300 may illustrate the communication between the wireless device 305 associated with a time-based CSI diversity scheme, as described herein. The wireless device 305-a may rely on a time-based CSI diversity scheme to transmit repetitions 325 of signals (e.g., PDCCH signal, PDSCH signal, PUCCH signal, PUSCH signal) via different time windows 330 (e.g., different time slots, different channel coherence time windows). For example, the wireless device 305-a may transmit a first repetition 325-a of a signal via a first time window 330-a, a second repetition 325-b of the signal via a second time window 330-b, and optionally a third repetition 325-c of the signal via a third time window 330-c. To implement time-based CSI diversity, there may be sufficient CSI diversity between each of the time windows 330. For example, the wireless device 305-a may determine that there is sufficient CSI diversity if the correlation between the estimated CSI associated with each of the time windows 330 is less than a threshold. In some cases, if the wireless device 305-a determines that there is not sufficient CSI diversity (e.g., if the correlation between the estimated CSI associated with each of the time windows 330 is greater than a threshold), the wireless device 305-a may discard the current time slot (e.g., not transmit the repetition 325 within that time slot). Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device 305-a may determine that the current time window 330 corresponds to an initial time window 330 (and thus is independent of any CSI diversity or correlation associated with a previous time window 330). Here, the wireless device 305-a may transmit a future copy of the repetition 325 in a future time window 330.

[0126] The wireless device 305-a may use a reference signal 310 (e.g., SRS) transmitted by the wireless device 305-b to the wireless device 305-a via the channel 335 to estimate the CSI corresponding to each time window 330. In some cases, the wireless device 305-b may transmit each reference signal 310 (e.g., reference signal 310-a, reference signal 310-b, reference signal 310-c) in response to an indication from the wireless device 305-a to the wireless device 305-b to transmit the reference signal 310. The wireless device 305-a may generate a pseudo-noise signal 320 (e.g., to apply to the repetition 325 of the signal) based on the estimated CSI. Equation 10 includes an example equation that the wireless device 305-a may use to generate the pseudo-noise signal 320.

[0127]

[0128] In the example of Equation 10, β nmay correspond to a pseudo-noise signal 320 applied to the n-th repetition 325 of a signal, h n may correspond to an estimated CSI of a channel 335 associated with the n-th time window 330, u may correspond to a noise vector, γ n corresponds to a gain parameter, and θ n corresponds to a phase parameter. The wireless device 305-a may select the gain parameter γ n to generate a pseudo-noise signal 320 that causes the power of a signal β n (e.g., corresponding to the pseudo-noise signal 320) to be within a defined range. An example definition of the defined power level range of the pseudo-noise signal 320 is shown below with reference to Equation 11 (e.g., corresponding to β n ).

[0129] |β min | ≤ |β n | ≤ |β max | (11)

[0130] The defined range (e.g., including β min and β max ) may be set by a network entity based on security requirements, a power budget (e.g., of one or both of the wireless devices 305), or both. In an example of an initial time window 330-a, the wireless device 305-a may randomly select a gain parameter γ1 from a set of possible values of the gain parameter γ1 that will ensure that the power level of the signal β1 falls within a predefined range (the range outlined according to Equation 11). In an example of a subsequent time window 330 (e.g., a time window 330 in which repetitions 325 other than the initial repetition 325-a are transmitted), the wireless device 305-a may select a gain parameter γ n such that the power level of the corresponding signal falls within the defined range and such that the wireless device 305-b can perform a pseudo-noise signal cancellation scheme that may be based on the values of both the gain parameter γ n applied to an earlier transmitted repetition 325 of the signal and the phase parameter θ n both. In some examples, the wireless device 305-a may select the gain parameter γ n according to Equation 12.

[0131]

[0132] Additionally, in an example of an initial time window 330-a, the wireless device 305-a may randomly select a phase parameter θ1. In an example of a subsequent time window 330 (e.g., a time window 330 in which repetitions 325 other than the initial repetition 325-a are transmitted), the wireless device 305-a may select a phase parameter θ n, this phase parameter enables the wireless device 305-b to perform a pseudo-noise signal cancellation scheme and can be based on the gain parameter γ of the earlier transmitted repetition 325 applied to the signal n and the phase parameter θ n both values.

[0133] The wireless device 305-a can apply the pseudo-noise signal 320 to the repetition 325 of the signal to generate a signal 315 (e.g., signal 315-a, signal 315-b, signal 315-c) for transmission to the wireless device 305-b. Equation 13 illustrates an example definition of the signal 315 (e.g., y n ) generated by the wireless device 305-a based on applying the pseudo-noise signal 320 (e.g., β n ) to the repetition 325 (e.g., x n ).

[0134] y n = h n (x n + β n ) + z n (13)

[0135] As described above, z n can correspond to the observed noise, and h n can correspond to the estimated CSI of the channel 335 associated with the nth time window 330.

[0136] The wireless device 305-b can receive each signal (e.g., each AN impaired message in the AN impaired message) in the signal 315 including the repetition 325 protected by the pseudo-noise signal 320 (e.g., pseudo-noise signal 320-a, pseudo-noise signal 320-b, pseudo-noise signal 320-c). Instead of decoding each signal 315 separately, the wireless device 305-b can buffer each received signal in the received signal 315. Equation 14 includes an example definition of the total buffered pseudo-noise signal 320 (e.g., accumulated AN interference) at the wireless device 305-b when the wireless device 305-b receives and buffers j total repetitions 325 of the message.

[0137]

[0138] When the wireless device 305-b receives an indication of each signal in the signal 315 including the repetition 325 of the message from the wireless device 305-a, the wireless device 305-b can soft combine each signal in the signal 315 according to the pseudo-noise cancellation scheme. For example, the wireless device 305-a may have selected the values of γ1, γ2,..., γ j and θ1, θ2,..., θ j such that Then, the wireless device 305-b can combine each repetition in the repetition set 325 (e.g., repetition 325-a, repetition 325-b, repetition 325-c) and attempt to decode the message included in each repetition in the repetition set 325.

[0139] Figure 4 An example of a pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200 or the timing diagram 300. For example, any of the wireless devices as described with reference Figures 1 to 3 may implement aspects of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 to transmit repetitions of a signal in accordance with a time-based CSI diversity scheme, where each repetition in the repetitions of the signal is protected using a pseudo-noise signal as described herein. In some cases, a wireless device may select the parameters of the pseudo-noise signal applied to the repetitions of the signal according to one of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations in the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400.

[0140] Each pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration in the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 may illustrate a set of points 405, each of which is associated with a gain parameter γ and a phase parameter θ. Each point 405 may be defined based on the corresponding gain parameter γ and phase parameter θ. For example, each point 405 may be mapped to an axis according to Equation 15.

[0141] γe jθ u(15)

[0142] In some cases, a wireless device may generate a corresponding pseudo-noise signal based on the corresponding point 405, as described with reference to Equation 10. For example, if the wireless device relies on the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a, the wireless device may use the gain parameter γ1 and the phase parameter θ1 to generate a first pseudo-noise signal (e.g., according to Equation 10) to be applied to the first repetition of the signal. Additionally, the wireless device may use the gain parameter γ2 and the phase parameter θ2 to generate a second pseudo-noise signal (e.g., according to Equation 10) to be applied to the second repetition of the signal.

[0143] In another example, if the wireless device relies on the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-b, the wireless device can generate three pseudo-noise signals to be applied to each of the three corresponding repetitions of the signal: a first pseudo-noise signal generated using the gain parameter γ3 and the phase parameter θ3, a second pseudo-noise signal generated using the gain parameter γ4 and the phase parameter θ4, and a third pseudo-noise signal generated using the gain parameter γ4 and the phase parameter θ4. Additionally, if the wireless device relies on the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-c, the wireless device can generate three pseudo-noise signals to be applied to each of the three corresponding repetitions of the signal: a first pseudo-noise signal generated using the gain parameter γ6 and the phase parameter θ6, a second pseudo-noise signal generated using the gain parameter γ7 and the phase parameter θ7, and a third pseudo-noise signal generated using the gain parameter γ8 and the phase parameter θ8.

[0144] Each pseudo-noise signal configuration in the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 corresponds to an example cluster of points 405 that are associated with gain parameters and phase parameters that cause the sum of each of the points 405 to equal 0 (e.g., at the receiving device). This can enable the receiving wireless device to combine a set of pseudo-noise signals generated according to any of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations in the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 to cancel the accumulated pseudo-noise signals. Thus, the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400 includes example pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations 400 that enable the receiving wireless device to perform a pseudo-noise cancellation scheme (e.g., an AN cancellation scheme).

[0145] In an example of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a, the gain parameters γ1 and γ2 and the phase parameters θ1 and θ2 can be defined according to Equation 16 and Equation 17.

[0146] γ1 = γ2 (16)

[0147] θ2 = θ1 + π (17)

[0148] Defining the gain parameters γ1 and γ2 and the phase parameters θ1 and θ2 according to Equation 16 and Equation 17 respectively can result in In some cases, in the situation where two time slots (e.g., the first repetition and the second repetition for transmitting the signal) have similar channel strengths, the transmitting wireless device can generate pseudo-noise signals corresponding to the clusters of points 405-a and 405-b. That is, in the situation where the two time slots do not have similar channel strengths (e.g., if the estimated CSI associated with the two time slots is not within the threshold), the transmitting device may not be able to generate pseudo-noise signals according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a.

[0149] Additionally, in the example of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-b, the values of the gain parameters γ3, γ4, and γ5 and the phase parameters θ3, θ4, and θ5 can be defined according to Equations 18, 19, and 20.

[0150] γ3 = γ4 = γ5 (18)

[0151] θ4 = θ3 + 2π / 3 (19)

[0152] θ5 = θ3 + 4π / 3 (20)

[0153] Defining the gain parameters γ3, γ4, and γ5 and the phase parameters θ3, θ4, and θ5 according to Equations 18, 19, and 20 can result in In some cases, when the channel strengths of three time slots (e.g., the first repetition and the second repetition for transmitting the signal) are similar, the transmitting wireless device can generate pseudo-noise signals corresponding to the clusters at points 405-c, 405-d, and 405-e. Since there are three repetitions of the signal instead of two repetitions of the signal, compared with the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a, the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-b can provide additional security protection. However, the channel conditions may prevent the transmitting wireless device from implementing the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration because it is less likely to have three time slots with similar channel strengths (but sufficient CSI diversity) compared to having two time slots with similar channel strengths (but sufficient CSI diversity). Additionally, when the three time slots do not have similar channel strengths, the transmitting wireless device may not be able to generate pseudo-noise signals according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-b.

[0154] Furthermore, in the example of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-c, the values of the gain parameters γ6, γ7, and γ8 and the phase parameters θ6, θ7, and θ8 can be defined according to Equations 21, 22, 23, and 24.

[0155] γ7 = 2sin(θ)γ6, (γ7 ≤ 2γ6) (21)

[0156] γ8 = γ6 (22)

[0157]

[0158] Defining the gain parameters γ6, γ7, and γ8 and the phase parameters θ6, θ7, and θ8 can result in In some cases, when the phase difference between the time slots is And when the ratio of the gain parameters is 2sin(θ), the transmitting wireless device may generate a pseudo-noise signal corresponding to the clusters at points 405-f, 405-g, and 405-h. Additionally, if the channel strength of the third time slot is similar to any of the previous time slots, the transmitting device may use the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a (e.g., instead of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-c).

[0159] Figure 5 Example 500 illustrates an example of a flowchart supporting power control for transmission with time-based artificial noise according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Flowchart 500 may implement or be implemented by aspects of wireless communication systems 100 and 200, timing diagram 300, and pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400. For example, any of the wireless devices as described with reference to Figures 1 to 3 may implement flowchart 500 according to one of the pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations as described with reference to Figure 4 the pseudo-noise signal parameter configurations described.

[0160] In some cases, the wireless device may execute flowchart 500 to generate a pseudo-noise signal to apply to the repetition of a signal transmitted according to a time-based CSI diversity scheme.

[0161] At 505, the first wireless device may receive a reference signal from the second wireless device. For example, the first wireless device may receive an SRS from the second wireless device. The first wireless device may then use the received reference signal to estimate the CSI of the nth time slot associated with the channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device. In some cases, the estimated CSI of the nth time slot (e.g., which is included in the first channel coherence time window) may correspond to h n .

[0162] At 510, the first wireless device may determine whether the repetition of the signal is an initial repetition. For example, if another repetition of the signal has been transmitted in a previous time slot (e.g., the mth time slot included in the previous channel coherence time window), the first wireless device may determine that the current repetition is not an initial transmission and may proceed to 520. Additionally or alternatively, if another repetition of the signal has not been transmitted in the previous time slot, the first wireless device may determine that the current repetition is an initial transmission and may proceed to 515.

[0163] At 515, the first wireless device may randomly select a gain parameter γ n , which causes the power level of the associated pseudo-noise signal to fall within a predefined range (e.g., as described with reference to Equations 11 and 12). Additionally, the first wireless device may randomly select a phase parameter θ n for the initial repetition. Based on the randomly selected gain parameter γ for the initial repetitionn and the phase parameter θ n , the first wireless device can proceed to 540.

[0164] At 520, the first wireless device can determine the gain parameter γ for generating the pseudo-noise signal applied to the previous repetition (e.g., the m-th time slot included in the previous channel coherence time window). m whether it can be reused. For example, the first wireless device can determine whether generating a pseudo-noise signal using the gain parameter γ m based on the CSI estimated at 505 will result in a pseudo-noise signal with a power level within the defined range (e.g., as described with reference to Equations 11 and 12). In the case where the gain parameter γ m can be reused, the first wireless device can set the gain parameter γ n to be equal to the gain parameter γ m and proceed to 525. In the case where the gain parameter γ m may not be reused, the first wireless device can alternatively proceed to 515 or 530.

[0165] At 525, the first wireless device can select the phase parameter θ n based on setting the gain parameter γ m to be equal to the gain parameter γ n . In one example where the first wireless device selects the phase parameter according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a, the first wireless device can set the phase parameter θ n to be equal to θ m +π, as described with reference to Equations 16 and 17. In another example where the first wireless device selects the phase parameter according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-b, the first wireless device can set the phase parameter θ n to be equal to or (e.g., as described with reference to Equations 18 to 20). For example, in the case where the current repetition corresponds to the third repetition and there is an additional k-th previous time slot with the gain parameter γ k (e.g., within the second previous channel coherence time window) such that γ k =γ m =γ n and θ k =θ n + , the first wireless device can set θ n to be equal to Additionally, if the current repetition corresponds to the second repetition and there is no additional k-th previous time slot with the gain parameter γ k (e.g., within the second previous channel coherence time window) such that γ k =γm = γ n And Then the first wireless device may set the phase parameter θ n to be equal to

[0166] In another example, the first wireless device may select the phase parameter according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-c. Here, the first wireless device may first determine that the current repetition corresponds to the third repetition and there is an additional k-th previous time slot with a gain parameter γ k (e.g., within the second previous channel coherence time window), such that γ k = 2sin(θ)γ m = 2sin(θ)γ n (e.g., as described with reference to Equation 21). Then, the first wireless device may set the phase parameter θ n to be equal to where θ = sin -1 (γ k / 2γ n )(e.g., as described with reference to Equations 23 and 24). After selecting the phase parameter at 525, the device may proceed to 540.

[0167] At 530, the first wireless device may select a previous time slot of a previous repetition in which a signal has been transmitted. For example, the first wireless device may (e.g., arbitrarily) select the previous time slot m included in the previous channel coherence time window, where the pseudo-noise signal transmitted via the previous time slot m is generated using the gain parameter γ m and the phase parameter θ m . Then, the first wireless device may proceed to 535.

[0168] At 535, the first wireless device may select the gain parameter γ n and the phase parameter θ n for generating the current pseudo-noise signal. For example, the first wireless device may select the gain parameter γ n and the phase parameter θ n according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-c. In a first example where the pseudo-noise signal is generated using a gain parameter γ n ≥ γ m / 2 such that the power level of the pseudo-noise signal is within a defined range (e.g., as defined according to Equations 11 and 12), the first wireless device may set the gain parameter γ n = γ m / (2sinθ). Additionally, the first wireless device may set θ m = θ n + θ + π / 2, where θ = sin -1 (γn / 2γ m )。In some cases, when the power level of the pseudo-noise signal transmitted via the current time slot n is less than the power level of the pseudo-noise signal transmitted via the previous time slot m, the gain parameter γ n ≥γ m / 2 can keep the power level of the pseudo-noise signal within the defined range.

[0169] In another example where the gain parameter γ n <γ m / 2 is used to generate a pseudo-noise signal to keep the power level of the pseudo-noise signal within the defined range (e.g., as defined according to Equations 11 and 12), the first wireless device may set the gain parameter γ n =(2sinθ)γ m . Additionally, the first wireless device may set θ m =θ n +θ+π / 2, where θ = sin -1 (γ m / 2γ n ). In some cases, when the power level of the pseudo-noise signal transmitted via the current time slot n is greater than the power level of the pseudo-noise signal transmitted via the previous time slot m, the gain parameter γ n <γ m / 2 can keep the power level of the pseudo-noise signal within the defined range.

[0170] Therefore, the gain parameter and phase parameter for future repetitions of the signal can be selected according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-c (e.g., to select the gain parameter and phase parameter for the third repetition) or according to the pseudo-noise signal parameter configuration 400-a (e.g., to select the gain parameter and phase parameter for the second repetition). After selecting the gain parameter and phase parameter at 535, the first wireless device can proceed to 540.

[0171] At 540, the first wireless device may use the selected gain parameter and phase parameter to generate a pseudo-noise signal (e.g., as described with reference to Equation 10). At 545, the first wireless device may apply the pseudo-noise signal to the repetition of a signal (e.g., a message, a packet) to generate a signal for transmission to the second wireless device. Then, the first wireless device may send the signal to the second wireless device at 550.

[0172] Figure 6An example of a process flow 600 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the process flow 600 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the wireless communication system 200, and the timing diagram 300. For example, the process flow 600 may include wireless devices (e.g., wireless device 605-a and wireless device 605-b), which may be examples of wireless devices such as Figure 1 the wireless devices described relative to

[0173] At 610, wireless device 605-a may receive a first reference signal (e.g., SRS) from wireless device 605-b over a first time interval.

[0174] At 615, wireless device 605-a may apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of the first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter. Additionally, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to wireless device 605-b over a second time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval.

[0175] At 620, the wireless device may transmit the second signal to wireless device 605-b over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0176] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of the network entity 105 described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0177] The receiver 710 may provide components for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 705. In some examples, the receiver 710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 710 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0178] The transmitter 715 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, delivering) information generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 715 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 715 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 715 and the receiver 710 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0179] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of components for performing various aspects of power control for transmission with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0180] In some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware may include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured to or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, a processor and a memory coupled to the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by the processor executing instructions stored in the memory).

[0181] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., implemented as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., components configured or otherwise supporting the functions described in this disclosure).

[0182] In some examples, the communication manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, convey information to the transmitter 715, or integrate in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0183] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 720 may support wireless communication at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs prior to the first time interval. The communication manager 720 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0184] By including or configuring a communication manager 720 according to examples described herein, a device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled to the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communication manager 720, or combinations thereof) may support techniques for reducing power consumption.

[0185] Figure 8FIG. 800 is a block diagram illustrating a device 805 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of the device 705 or the network entity 105 described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0186] The receiver 810 may provide components for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of the device 805. In some examples, the receiver 810 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the receiver 810 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0187] The transmitter 815 may provide components for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, delivering) information generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 815 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 815 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 815 and the receiver 810 may be co-located in a transceiver that may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0188] Device 805 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of power control for transmission with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 can include reference signal receiver 825, pseudo-noise applicator 830, repeated signal transmitter 835, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 can be an example of aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise in cooperation with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both. For example, communication manager 820 can receive information from receiver 810, convey information to transmitter 815, or integrate in combination with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0189] According to examples disclosed herein, communication manager 820 can support wireless communication at a network entity. Reference signal receiver 825 can be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval. Pseudo-noise applicator 830 can be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. Repeated signal transmitter 835 can be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0190] Figure 9Block diagram 900 illustrates a communication manager 920 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 920 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 may include a reference signal receiver 925, a pseudo-noise applicator 930, a repeated signal transmitter 935, a reference signal request transmitter 940, a repetition indicator 945, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), which communication may include communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communication associated with a logical channel of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with the network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with the network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0191] In accordance with examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication at a network entity. The reference signal receiver 925 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval. For example, the reference signal receiver 925 may obtain reference signals 926, which may include the first reference signal. The pseudo-noise applicator 930 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. In some cases, the pseudo-noise applicator 930 may obtain estimated CSI 927 from the reference signal receiver 925, which may include the first estimated CSI. In some instances, the pseudo-noise applicator 930 may output signals 931 generated based on applying a pseudo-noise signal to a repetition of the first signal to the repeated signal transmitter 935, which may include the third signal. The repeated signal transmitter 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting a second signal 936 to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0192] In some examples, the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first gain parameter. In some examples, the first gain parameter is based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

[0193] In some examples, the first gain parameter is equal to a second gain parameter based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

[0194] In some examples, the first phase parameter is further based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal transmitted to the UE over a fourth time interval that occurs before a first time interval.

[0195] In some examples, the reference signal receiver 925 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a second reference signal from the UE after transmitting the second signal to the UE. For example, the reference signal receiver 925 may obtain reference signals 926, which may include the second reference signal. In some examples, the pseudo-noise applicator 930 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, where the third pseudo-noise signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter. In some cases, the pseudo-noise applicator 930 may obtain an estimated CSI 927 from the reference signal receiver 925, which may include the second estimated CSI. In some instances, the pseudo-noise applicator 930 may output a signal 931 generated based on applying a pseudo-noise signal to a repetition of the first signal to the repeated signal transmitter 935, which may include the fourth signal. In some examples, the repeated signal transmitter 935 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the fourth signal to the UE.

[0196] In some examples, the first gain parameter is different from the second gain parameter based on the second power of the first pseudo-noise signal being less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

[0197] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE. In some examples, the first phase parameter is based on whether a first power level of a first reference signal is within a threshold amount of a second power level of the second reference signal.

[0198] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE. In some examples, based on a correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

[0199] In some examples, the reference signal request transmitter 940 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending signaling 941 to the UE requesting the UE to send a first reference signal over a first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the UE is based on the sent signaling.

[0200] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE. In some examples, sending the signaling requesting the UE to send a first reference signal over a first time interval is based on a predicted correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold.

[0201] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE. In some examples, the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at a network entity, or both, based on a correlation between the second estimated CSI and a third predicted CSI corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, where the third reference signal is received from the UE over a first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

[0202] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE. In some examples, the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received at a network entity via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

[0203] In some examples, the repetition indicator 945 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending signaling 946 to the UE and based on sending a second signal indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of a first signal. In some cases, the repetition indicator 945 may obtain an indication 944 that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of the first signal from the repetition signal transmitter 935.

[0204] Figure 10FIG. illustrates a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1005 may be an example of device 705, device 805, or network entity 105 as described herein, or include components thereof. Device 1005 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, via one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 1005 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as communication manager 1020, transceiver 1010, antenna 1015, memory 1025, code 1030, and processor 1035. These components may be electronically communicatively coupled via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1040) or otherwise (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically).

[0205] The transceiver 1010 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1010 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1005 may include one or more antennas 1015, which may be capable of (e.g., concurrently) sending or receiving wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1010 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1015, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1015, from a wired receiver); and demodulating a signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1015 configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1015 configured to support various sending or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components, which are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1010, or the transceiver 1010 and one or more antennas 1015, or the transceiver 1010 and one or more antennas 1015 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1035 or memory 1025 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1005. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, fronthaul communication link 168).

[0206] The memory 1025 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1025 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1030 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1035, cause the device 1005 to perform the various functions described herein. The code 1030 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, the code 1030 may not be directly executable by the processor 1035 but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause the computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1025 may also contain a BIOS and the like, which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices.

[0207] The processor 1035 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1035 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1035. The processor 1035 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1025) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise). For example, the device 1005 or components of the device 1005 may include the processor 1035 and a memory 1025 coupled to the processor 1035, and the processor 1035 and the memory 1025 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. The processor 1035 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that may host functions for performing the functions of the device 1005 (e.g., by executing code 1030). The processor 1035 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1005 (such as within the memory 1025). In some specific implementations, the processor 1035 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system generally may refer to a system or series of machines or components that receive inputs and process these inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the device 1005). For example, the processing system of the device 1005 may refer to a system including various other components or sub-components of the device 1005 (such as the processor 1035, or the transceiver 1010, or the communication manager 1020, or a combination of other components or components of the device 1005). The processing system of the device 1005 may interface with other components of the device 1005 and may process information (such as inputs or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of the device 1005 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. One or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, etc. In some specific implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter such that the device 1005 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some specific implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver such that the device 1005 may obtain information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system.One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0208] In some examples, the bus 1040 may support communication within a protocol layer of a protocol stack (e.g., within the protocol layer). In some examples, the bus 1040 may support communication associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which communication may include communication performed within components of the device 1005, or communication performed between different components that may be co-located or at different locations in the device 1005 (e.g., where the device 1005 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communication manager 1020, transceiver 1010, memory 1025, code 1030, and processor 1035 may be located in one component or divided among different components).

[0209] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 1020 may manage the transfer of data communication for client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for coordinating with other network entities 105 to control communication with the UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may support the X2 interface within the LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0210] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a network entity. For example, the communication manager 1020 may be configured or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval. The communication manager 1020 may be configured or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. The communication manager 1020 may be configured or otherwise support components for transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0211] By including or configuring a communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, a device 1005 may support techniques for improving communication reliability and reducing power consumption.

[0212] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise in cooperation with transceiver 1010, one or more antennas 1015 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 may be supported or performed by transceiver 1010, processor 1035, memory 1025, code 1030, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1030 may include instructions executable by processor 1035 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise as described herein, or processor 1035 and memory 1025 may otherwise be configured to perform or support such operations.

[0213] Figure 11 Block diagram 1100 illustrates a device 1105 supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of the UE 115 as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0214] The receiver 1110 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise)). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1105. The receiver 1110 may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[0215] The transmitter 1115 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise). In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may be co-located with the receiver 1110 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1115 may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[0216] The communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof or their various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof can support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0217] In some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof can be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware can include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof that are configured to or otherwise support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and the memory coupled to the processor can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by the processor executing instructions stored in the memory).

[0218] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof can be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., implemented as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof can be performed by a general purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices that are configured to or otherwise support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure.

[0219] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 can be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, the communication manager 1120 can receive information from the receiver 1110, convey information to the transmitter 1115, or integrate in combination with the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0220] According to an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a UE. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. The communication manager 1120 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0221] By including or configuring a communication manager 1120 according to an example as described herein, a device 1105 (e.g., a processor that controls or otherwise is coupled to a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, the communication manager 1120, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reducing power consumption.

[0222] Figure 12 Block diagram 1200 illustrates a device 1205 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise, in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of the device 1105 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communication manager 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0223] The receiver 1210 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise)). The information may be passed to other components of the device 1205. The receiver 1210 may utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[0224] The transmitter 1215 can provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 can transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to power control for transmission with time-based artificial noise). In some examples, the transmitter 1215 can be co-located with the receiver 1210 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1215 can utilize a single antenna or an array of multiple antennas.

[0225] The device 1205 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of power control for transmission with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 can include a reference signal component 1225, a pseudo-noise component 1230, a signal transmission component 1235, or any combination thereof. The communication manager 1220 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1120 as described herein. In some examples, the communication manager 1220 or its various components can be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, the communication manager 1220 can receive information from the receiver 1210, convey information to the transmitter 1215, or integrate in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0226] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 can support wireless communication at the UE. The reference signal component 1225 can be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval. The pseudo-noise component 1230 can be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. The signal transmission component 1235 can be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0227] Figure 13FIG. 1300 is a block diagram illustrating a communication manager 1320 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1120, the communication manager 1220, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1320 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320 may include a reference signal component 1325, a pseudo-noise component 1330, a signal transmission component 1335, a request-to-send component 1340, a repetition indicator component 1345, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0228] In accordance with an example as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a UE. The reference signal component 1325 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval. For example, the reference signal component 1325 may obtain reference signals 1326, which may include the first reference signal. The pseudo-noise component 1330 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. In some cases, the pseudo-noise component 1330 may obtain an estimated CSI 1327 from the reference signal component 1325, which may include the first estimated CSI. In some instances, the pseudo-noise component 1330 may output a signal 1331 generated based on applying a pseudo-noise signal to a repetition of the first signal, which may include the third signal, to the signal transmission component 1335. The signal transmission component 1335 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting a second signal 1336 to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0229] In some examples, a first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is based on the first gain parameter. In some examples, the first gain parameter is based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

[0230] In some examples, based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter, the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

[0231] In some examples, the first phase parameter is further based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal that is transmitted to a network entity over a fourth time interval that occurs before a first time interval.

[0232] In some examples, the reference signal component 1325 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a second reference signal from a network entity after transmitting a second signal to the network entity. For example, the reference signal component 1325 may obtain reference signals 1326, which may include the second reference signal. In some examples, the pseudo-noise component 1330 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, where the third pseudo-noise signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter. In some cases, the pseudo-noise component 1330 may obtain the estimated CSI from the reference signal component 1325, which may include the second estimated CSI. Additionally, the pseudo-noise component 1330 may output signals 1331 to the signal transmission component 1335, which may include the fourth signal. In some examples, the signal transmission component 1335 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the fourth signal to a network entity.

[0233] In some examples, based on the second power of the first pseudo-noise signal being less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter, the first gain parameter is different from the second gain parameter.

[0234] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from a network entity. In some examples, the first phase parameter is based on whether the first power level of the first reference signal is within a threshold amount of the second power level of the second reference signal.

[0235] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from a network entity. In some examples, based on the correlation between the first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

[0236] In some examples, the request sending component 1340 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a signaling 1341 to a network entity requesting the network entity to send a first reference signal over a first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the network entity is based on the sent signaling.

[0237] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from a network entity. In some examples, the signaling requesting the network entity to send a first reference signal over a first time interval is based on a predicted correlation between a first estimated CSI and the second estimated CSI being less than a threshold.

[0238] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from a network entity. In some examples, the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the UE, or both, based on a correlation between the second estimated CSI and a third predicted CSI corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the network entity over a first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

[0239] In some examples, the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based on a second estimated CSI corresponding to a second reference signal received from a network entity. In some examples, the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received at the UE via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

[0240] In some examples, the repetition indicator component 1345 may be configured to or otherwise support a component for sending a signaling 1346 to a network entity and based on sending a second signal indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of a first signal. In some cases, the repetition indicator component 1345 may obtain an indication 1344 that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of a first signal from the repetition indicator component 1345.

[0241] Figure 14FIG. illustrates a system 1400 including a device 1405 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1405 may be an example of the device 1105, the device 1205, or the UE 115 as described herein, or include components thereof. The device 1405 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). The device 1405 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1420, an input / output (I / O) controller 1410, a transceiver 1415, an antenna 1425, a memory 1430, code 1435, and a processor 1440. These components may be electronically communicatively coupled via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1445) or otherwise (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically).

[0242] The I / O controller 1410 may manage input and output signals of the device 1405. The I / O controller 1410 may also manage peripheral devices not integrated into the device 1405. In some cases, the I / O controller 1410 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1410 may utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 1410 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1410 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as the processor 1440). In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1405 via the I / O controller 1410 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1410.

[0243] In some cases, device 1405 may include a single antenna 1425. However, in some other cases, device 1405 may have more than one antenna 1425, and the more than one antenna may be capable of concurrently sending or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1415 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1425, wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, transceiver 1415 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1415 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1425 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1425. Transceiver 1415 or transceiver 1415 and one or more antennas 1425 may be examples of transmitter 1115, transmitter 1215, receiver 1110, receiver 1210 as described herein, or any combination thereof or their components.

[0244] Memory 1430 may include random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). Memory 1430 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1435 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1440, cause device 1405 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1435 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, code 1435 may not be directly executable by processor 1440 but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1430 may contain a basic input / output system (BIOS), etc., which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interactions with peripheral components or devices.

[0245] Processor 1440 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, processor 1440 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into processor 1440. Processor 1440 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1430) to cause device 1405 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise). For example, device 1405 or components of device 1405 may include processor 1440 and memory 1430 coupled to or coupled with processor 1440, and processor 1440 and memory 1430 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0246] According to examples as disclosed herein, the communication manager 1420 may support wireless communication at a UE. For example, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support components for receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support components for applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. The communication manager 1420 may be configured to or otherwise support components for transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0247] By including or configuring the communication manager 1420 according to examples as described herein, the device 1405 may support techniques for improving communication reliability and security and reducing power consumption.

[0248] In some examples, the communication manager 1420 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the transceiver 1415, one or more antennas 1425, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receive, monitor, transmit). Although the communication manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more of the functions described with reference to the communication manager 1420 may be supported or performed by the processor 1440, the memory 1430, the code 1435, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1435 may include instructions executable by the processor 1440 to cause the device 1405 to perform various aspects of power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise as described herein, or the processor 1440 and the memory 1430 may otherwise be configured to perform or support such operations.

[0249] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operations of the method 1500 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to Figures 1 to 10 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0250] At 1505, the method may include receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval. The operation of 1505 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1505 may be performed by a reference signal receiver 925 as described in reference Figure 9 receiving the first reference signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the first reference signal; and receiving the first reference signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0251] At 1510, the method may include applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. The operation of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1510 may be performed by a pseudo-noise applicator 930 as described in reference Figure 9 applying the first pseudo-noise signal to the first repetition of the first signal may include combining the first pseudo-noise signal with the first signal to generate a second signal for transmission.

[0252] At 1515, the method may include transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval. The operation of 1515 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1515 may be performed by a repeated signal transmitter 935 as described in reference Figure 9 transmitting the second signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit each second signal; and transmitting the second signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0253] Figure 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of method 1600 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of method 1600 may be performed by a network entity as described in reference Figures 1 to 10 In some examples, the network entity may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0254] At 1605, the method may include receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval. The operation of 1605 may be performed according to an example as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1605 may be performed by a reference signal receiver 925 as described in reference Figure 9 Receiving the first reference signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the first reference signal; and receiving the first reference signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0255] At 1610, the method may include applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval. The operation of 1610 may be performed according to an example as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1610 may be performed by a pseudo-noise applicator 930 as described in reference Figure 9 Applying the first pseudo-noise signal to the first repetition of the first signal may include combining the first pseudo-noise signal with the first signal to generate a second signal for transmission.

[0256] At 1615, the method may include transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval. The operation of 1615 may be performed according to an example as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1615 may be performed by a repeated signal transmitter 935 as described in reference Figure 9 Transmitting the second signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the second signal; and transmitting the second signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0257] At 1620, the method may include transmitting signaling to the UE and based on transmitting the second signal indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of the first signal. The operation of 1620 may be performed according to an example as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1620 may be performed by a repetition indicator 945 as described in reference Figure 9 Transmitting the signaling may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the signaling; and transmitting the signaling on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0258] Figure 17FIG. 1700 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 1700 that supports power control for transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Operations of method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, operations of method 1700 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to Figures 1 to 6 and Figures 11 to 14 . In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0259] At 1705, the method may include receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval. The operation of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1705 may be performed by a reference signal component 1325 as described with reference to Figure 13 . Receiving the first reference signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the first reference signal; and receiving the first reference signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0260] At 1710, the method may include applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval. The operation of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1710 may be performed by a pseudo-noise component 1330 as described with reference to Figure 13 . Applying the first pseudo-noise signal to the first repetition of the first signal may include combining the first pseudo-noise signal with the first signal to generate a second signal for transmission.

[0261] At 1715, the method may include transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval. The operation of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1715 may be performed by a signal transmission component 1335 as described with reference to Figure 13 . Transmitting the second signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the second signal; and transmitting the second signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0262] Figure 18A flowchart of method 1800 that illustrates power control in support of transmissions with time-based artificial noise in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Operations of method 1800 may be implemented by a UE or components thereof as described herein. For example, operations of method 1800 may be performed by UE 115 as described with reference to Figures 1 to 6 and Figures 11 to 14 . In some examples, the UE may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the UE may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described functions.

[0263] At 1805, the method may include receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval. The operation of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1805 may be performed by reference signal component 1325 as described with reference to Figure 13 . Receiving the first reference signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the first reference signal; and receiving the first reference signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0264] At 1810, the method may include applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, where the first pseudo-noise signal is based on a first estimated CSI corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and where the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal that is applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval. The operation of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1810 may be performed by pseudo-noise component 1330 as described with reference to Figure 13 . Applying the first pseudo-noise signal to the first repetition of the first signal may include combining the first pseudo-noise signal with the first signal to generate a second signal for transmission.

[0265] At 1815, the method may include transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval. The operation of 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1815 may be performed by signal transmission component 1335 as described with reference to Figure 13 . Transmitting the second signal may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which to transmit the second signal; and transmitting the second signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0266] At 1820, the method may include signaling to a network entity and based on transmitting a second signal that the second signal and a third signal are repetitions of a first signal. The operation of 1820 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1820 may be performed by a repetition indicator component 1345 as described with reference to Figure 13 The signaling may include: identifying time-frequency resources on which the signaling is transmitted; and transmitting the second signal on the identified time-frequency resources.

[0267] An overview of aspects of the present disclosure is provided below:

[0268] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: receiving a first reference signal from a UE over a first time interval; applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a first estimated channel state information corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal, the second pseudo-noise signal being applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurs before the first time interval; and transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

[0269] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, wherein a first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on the first gain parameter; and the first gain parameter is at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

[0270] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 2, wherein at least partially based on when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter, the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is greater than the first defined power level and less than the second defined power level, the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

[0271] Aspect 4: The method according to aspect 3, wherein the first phase parameter is further at least partially based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal, the third pseudo-noise signal being applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal transmitted to the UE over a fourth time interval that occurs before the first time interval.

[0272] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 3 to 4, the method further comprising: after sending the second signal to the UE, receiving a second reference signal from the UE; applying a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, wherein the third pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a second estimated channel state information corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter at least partially based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter; and sending the fourth signal to the UE.

[0273] Aspect 6: The method according to Aspect 1, wherein the first gain parameter is different from the second gain parameter at least partially based on that a second power of the first pseudo-noise signal is less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

[0274] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on a second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and the first phase parameter is at least partially based on whether a first power level of the first reference signal is within a threshold amount of a second power level of the second reference signal.

[0275] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on a second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and at least partially based on that a correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information is less than a threshold, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on the second gain parameter and the second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

[0276] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: sending a signaling to the UE requesting the UE to send the first reference signal in the first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the UE is at least partially based on sending the signaling.

[0277] Aspect 10: The method according to Aspect 9, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on a second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and sending the signaling requesting the UE to send the first reference signal in the first time interval is at least partially based on that a predicted correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information is less than a threshold.

[0278] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the network entity, or both, at least partially based on a correlation between the second estimated channel state information and third predicted channel state information corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the UE on the first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

[0279] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received at the network entity via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

[0280] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, the method further comprising: sending, to the UE and at least partially based on sending the second signal, signaling indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of the first signal.

[0281] Aspect 14: A method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a first reference signal from a network entity on a first time interval; applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on first estimated channel state information corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal, the second pseudo-noise signal being applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity on a second time interval occurring before the first time interval; and sending the second signal to the network entity on a third time interval occurring after the first time interval.

[0282] Aspect 15: The method according to Aspect 14, wherein a first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on the first gain parameter; and the first gain parameter is at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

[0283] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, wherein the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter based at least in part on that when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter, the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is greater than the first defined power level and less than the second defined power level.

[0284] Aspect 17: The method according to aspect 16, wherein the first phase parameter is further based at least in part on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal, the third pseudo-noise signal being applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal transmitted to the network entity on a fourth time interval that occurs before the first time interval.

[0285] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 17, the method further comprising: after transmitting the second signal to the network entity, receiving a second reference signal from the network entity; applying a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, wherein the third pseudo-noise signal is based at least in part on second estimated channel state information corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter based at least in part on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter; and transmitting the fourth signal to the network entity.

[0286] Aspect 19: The method according to aspect 14, wherein the first gain parameter is different from the second gain parameter based at least in part on that when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter, the second power of the first pseudo-noise signal is less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level.

[0287] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 19, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is based at least in part on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the first phase parameter is based at least in part on whether the first power level of the first reference signal is within a threshold amount of the second power level of the second reference signal.

[0288] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 20, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information is less than a threshold, and the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on the second gain parameter and the second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

[0289] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 21, the method further comprising: sending a signaling to the network entity requesting the network entity to send the first reference signal in the first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the network entity is at least partially based on sending the signaling.

[0290] Aspect 23: The method according to aspect 22, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and sending the signaling requesting the network entity to send the first reference signal in the first time interval is at least partially based on a predicted correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information being less than a threshold.

[0291] Aspect 24: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 23, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the UE, or both, at least partially based on a correlation between the second estimated channel state information and third predicted channel state information corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the network entity in the first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

[0292] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 23, wherein the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received at the UE via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

[0293] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of aspects 14 to 25, the method further comprising: sending, to the network entity and at least partially based on sending the second signal, signaling indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of the first signal.

[0294] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0295] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0296] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a network entity, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0297] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 26.

[0298] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 26.

[0299] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a UE, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 26.

[0300] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other specific implementations are also possible. Additionally, aspects from two or more methods may be combined.

[0301] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein may also apply to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may apply to a variety of other wireless communication systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0302] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the specification may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0303] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0304] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. The features implementing the functions may also be physically located at different positions, including being distributed such that portions of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0305] A computer-readable medium includes both a non-transitory computer storage medium and a communication medium, where the communication medium includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. The non-transitory storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or a special-purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, the non-transitory computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or a special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or a special-purpose processor. Additionally, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. As used herein, disk and disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. A disk can magnetically reproduce data, and a disc can optically reproduce data using a laser. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable medium.

[0306] As used herein (including in the claims), the "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive listing such that, for example, the listing of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Additionally, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0307] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determine" can include operations such as computing, calculating, processing, deriving, researching, looking up (such as looking up in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining. Additionally, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Additionally, "determine" can include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0308] In the drawings, like components or features may have the same reference label. Additionally, various components of the same type may be distinguished by adding a dash and a second label used to differentiate between like components after the reference label. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description may apply to any one of the like components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second reference label or any other subsequent reference labels.

[0309] The description set forth herein in connection with the drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples". The detailed description includes specific details for providing an understanding of the described techniques. However, the techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0310] The present description is provided to enable a person of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a first reference signal from a user equipment (UE) over a first time interval; apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a first estimated channel state information corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval; and transmit the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on the first gain parameter; and the first gain parameter is at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter based at least in part on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than the first defined power level and less than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first phase parameter is further at least partially based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal transmitted to the UE over a fourth time interval that occurred prior to the first time interval.

5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a second reference signal from the UE after transmitting the second signal to the UE; apply a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, wherein the third pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a second estimated channel state information corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter at least partially based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter; and transmit the fourth signal to the UE.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first gain parameter is different from the second gain parameter based at least in part on a second power of the first pseudo-noise signal being less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and the first phase parameter is at least partially based on whether a first power level of the first reference signal is within a threshold amount of a second power level of the second reference signal.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and at least partially based on a correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information being less than a threshold, the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on the second gain parameter and the second phase parameter of the second reference signal.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: send signaling to the UE requesting the UE to send the first reference signal over the first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the UE is at least partially based on sending the signaling.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and sending the signaling requesting the UE to send the first reference signal over the first time interval is at least partially based on a predicted correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information being less than a threshold.

11. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the network entity, or both, at least partially based on a correlation between the second estimated channel state information and third predicted channel state information corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the UE over the first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the UE; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received at the network entity via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Transmit signaling indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of the first signal to the UE and at least partially based on transmitting the second signal.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval; apply a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a first estimated channel state information corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal, the second pseudo-noise signal being applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and transmit the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein: a first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on the first gain parameter; and the first gain parameter is at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than the first defined power level and less than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first phase parameter is further at least partially based on a third gain parameter and a third phase parameter of a third pseudo-noise signal, the third pseudo-noise signal being applied to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal transmitted to the network entity over a fourth time interval that occurred before the first time interval.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a second reference signal from the network entity after transmitting the second signal to the network entity; apply a third pseudo-noise signal to a third repetition of the first signal to obtain a fourth signal, wherein the third pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a second estimated channel state information corresponding to the second reference signal, a third gain parameter equal to the first gain parameter and the second gain parameter, and a third phase parameter at least partially based on the first phase parameter and the second phase parameter; and transmit the fourth signal to the network entity.

19. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the first gain parameter is different from the second gain parameter, at least partially based on that a second power of the first pseudo-noise signal is less than the first defined power level or greater than the second defined power level when the first gain parameter is equal to the second gain parameter.

20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the first phase parameter is at least partially based on whether a first power level of the first reference signal is within a threshold amount of a second power level of the second reference signal.

21. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on the second gain parameter and the second phase parameter of the second reference signal, at least partially based on a correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information being less than a threshold.

22. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: send a signaling to the network entity requesting the network entity to send the first reference signal over the first time interval, wherein receiving the first reference signal from the network entity is at least partially based on sending the signaling.

23. The apparatus according to claim 22, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and sending the signaling requesting the network entity to send the first reference signal over the first time interval is at least partially based on a predicted correlation between the first estimated channel state information and the second estimated channel state information being less than a threshold.

24. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and the first reference signal and the second reference signal are received via different frequency resources, different beam configurations at the UE, or both, at least partially based on a correlation between the second estimated channel state information and a third predicted channel state information corresponding to a third reference signal being greater than a threshold, the third reference signal being received from the network entity over the first time interval via the same set of frequency resources and the same beam configuration as the second reference signal.

25. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein: the second pseudo-noise signal applied to the third signal is at least partially based on second estimated channel state information corresponding to a second reference signal received from the network entity; and The first reference signal and the second reference signal are received at the UE via the same set of frequency resources and via the same beam configuration.

26. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: Send signaling indicating that the second signal and the third signal are repetitions of the first signal to the network entity and at least partially based on transmitting the second signal.

27. A method for wireless communication at a network entity, the method comprising: Receiving a first reference signal from a user equipment (UE) over a first time interval; Applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a first estimated channel state information corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal, the second pseudo-noise signal being applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the UE over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and Transmitting the second signal to the UE over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

28. The method according to claim 27, wherein: A first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on the first gain parameter; and The first gain parameter is at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

29. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Receiving a first reference signal from a network entity over a first time interval; Applying a first pseudo-noise signal to a first repetition of a first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on a first estimated channel state information corresponding to the first reference signal, a first gain parameter, and a first phase parameter, and wherein the first gain parameter and the first phase parameter are at least partially based on a second gain parameter and a second phase parameter of a second pseudo-noise signal, the second pseudo-noise signal being applied to a second repetition of the first signal to obtain a third signal transmitted to the network entity over a second time interval that occurred before the first time interval; and Transmitting the second signal to the network entity over a third time interval that occurs after the first time interval.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein: A first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal is at least partially based on the first gain parameter; and The first gain parameter is at least partially based on the first power level of the first pseudo-noise signal being greater than a first defined power level and less than a second defined power level.

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