Mg-Ta metal composite material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a honeycomb structure Mg-Ta metal composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal composite material forming. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate by using an SLM (selective laser melting) method, casting liquid AZ91 magnesium alloy serving as a filler into honeycomb holes of the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate under the action of pressure in a pressure casting manner, and cooling to obtain the Mg-Ta metal composite material with the honeycomb structure. The preparation method is short in process, simple and convenient in process and suitable for preparation of the light Mg-Ta metal composite material, and the prepared composite material is high in strength, high in size and quality stability and particularly suitable for processing and manufacturing of the anti-radiation light Mg-Ta composite material for a shielding structure of a deep space detector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of metal composite material forming, and in particular to a honeycomb structure Mg-Ta metal composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of deep space exploration technology, my country's deep space exploration activities are gradually moving deeper and farther. The high-energy charged particles in the deep space environment have extremely strong penetrating power and are particularly prone to cause space electron radiation, causing damage to the precision electronic components inside the aviation detectors, hindering the normal progress of exploration activities. NASA has applied high atomic number metal materials such as niobium and tantalum to the "Juno" Jupiter probe to achieve good electron shielding effects, but considering the impact of spacecraft weight reduction and its carrying capacity, it is urgent to develop a lightweight material that is resistant to high-energy particle radiation to replace high atomic number metal materials such as niobium and tantalum, which is of great significance to promoting the development of deep space exploration.

[0003] The analysis and calculation results of the radiation-resistant material system show that under the same surface density, the combination of low atomic number (e.g., Mg) and high atomic number (Ta) materials can have better shielding effect than a single high atomic number material, and can effectively reduce weight. However, due to the huge differences in the physical and chemical properties of Mg and Ta metals, it is difficult to obtain them through traditional processing methods.

[0004] In the prior art, regarding the preparation and forming of Mg-Ta composite materials, a Chinese patent with publication number CN 116037653A reported a Mg-Ta composite sheet and a preparation method. Although the method can obtain a formed Mg-Ta composite sheet, it has high requirements for the initial organization of the magnesium alloy raw material (AZ magnesium alloy sheet with bimodal separation non-basal texture). At the same time, the sheet preparation process involves process steps such as roller electrification, multiple deep cold treatments, and thermal diffusion annealing treatments. There are problems such as relatively complex processes, high requirements for rolling equipment and process parameters, and low production efficiency. A Chinese patent with publication number CN116372344A reported a hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding preparation method for Mg-Ta layered composite metal sheet. Although the processing and preparation of Mg-Ta composite sheets can be realized, it involves the use of intermediate layer material Al, and there are also problems such as relatively complex processes, high requirements for equipment and process parameters, and low production efficiency. In addition, most of the above methods are preparation methods for Mg-Ta layered composite sheets, and there is no preparation method for Mg-Ta metal composite materials described in this article. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problems that the production efficiency of the preparation process of Mg-Ta composite metal materials in the prior art is not high, and there is poor interfacial bonding ability when preparing Mg-Ta dissimilar metal composites by conventional processing means, a combined preparation method of Mg-Ta metal composite materials by SLM (selective laser melting) + pressure casting is provided, which can produce strong metallurgical bonding at the interface and obtain Mg-Ta composite metal materials with good comprehensive properties, further promoting the engineering application of this type of composite materials.

[0006] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of Mg-Ta metal composite materials.

[0007] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide an Mg-Ta metal composite material prepared by this preparation method.

[0008] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of this Mg-Ta metal composite material in the preparation of aviation detectors.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purposes of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:

[0010] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a preparation method of Mg-Ta metal composite materials, including the following steps:

[0011] S1. Prepare a honeycomb porous Ta plate by selective laser melting; the laser power used in the selective laser melting method is 400 - 500 W, the scanning speed is 100 - 150 mm / s, and the energy density is 240 - 450 J / mm 3 ;

[0012] S2. Under a protective atmosphere, melt the surface-cleaned AZ91 magnesium alloy to obtain a molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid;

[0013] S3. Use the molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid as a filler and cast it into the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb porous Ta plate under pressure, and then cool it;

[0014] S4. Level and clean the surface of the cast Mg-Ta metal composite material, and remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting to obtain an Mg-Ta metal composite material with a honeycomb structure.

[0015] The following is a detailed description:

[0016] Step S1:

[0017] In some embodiments, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] S11. Preheat pure Ta powder in a vacuum drying oven for 0.5 - 1 h at a preheating temperature of 100 - 200 °C;

[0019] S12. Draw a 3D model of a honeycomb porous Ta plate on a computer using 3D design software to generate a honeycomb porous Ta plate entity;

[0020] S13. Transfer the honeycomb porous Ta plate entity to slicing software for slicing and then import it into a selective laser melting additive manufacturing device;

[0021] S14. Turn on the selective laser melting additive manufacturing device, set the printing parameters, and print the honeycomb porous Ta plate entity to obtain a honeycomb porous Ta plate; the printing parameters include: laser power of 400 - 500 W, scanning speed of 100 - 150 mm / s, and energy density of 240 - 450 J / mm 3 ;

[0022] Preferably, in step S11, the particle size of the pure Ta powder is 15 - 45 μm and the purity is ≥99.9%.

[0023] Preferably, in step S12, the wall thickness of the honeycomb pores of the honeycomb porous Ta plate is 0.5 - 1 mm, the honeycomb pores are regular hexagons with side lengths of 5 - 10 mm, and the height is 2 - 4 mm.

[0024] Preferably, in step S12, the wall thickness of the honeycomb pores of the honeycomb porous Ta plate is 1 - 1.5 mm, the honeycomb pores are regular hexagons with side lengths of 10 - 15 mm, the height is 5 - 10 mm, and the inner walls of the honeycomb pores are evenly distributed with hollow holes with diameters of 1 - 2 mm.

[0025] Step S2:

[0026] In some embodiments, step S2 specifically includes: placing the surface - cleaned AZ91 magnesium alloy in an induction furnace filled with argon for melting, controlling the temperature in the range of 650 - 700 °C; removing the surface scum of the molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid after melting.

[0027] Step S3:

[0028] In some embodiments, the process conditions of step S3 include: carried out under a protective atmosphere, casting temperature of 680 - 700 °C, casting pressure of 15 - 30 MPa, and natural cooling after casting.

[0029] It can be achieved using a general die - casting machine.

[0030] Step S4:

[0031] In some embodiments, in step S4, a lathe or wire cutting is used for surface leveling and cleaning to remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting.

[0032] The principle of the present invention is as follows: The honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material of the present invention adopts a combined preparation method of SLM + pressure casting. First, a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate is prepared by the SLM method (laser power is 400 - 500W, scanning speed is 100 - 150mm / s, and energy density is 240 - 450J / mm 3 ). Secondly, the 680 - 700°C liquid AZ91 magnesium alloy is used as the filler and is cast into the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate under pressure by the pressure casting method. The above steps are all carried out in a protective atmosphere, effectively avoiding the problem of oxidation at the bonding interface. The honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate with excellent tissue properties and structure can be prepared by the SLM method. At the same time, casting at a relatively high temperature of 680 - 700°C can cause a metallurgical reaction between the aluminum element and the Ta element in the AZ91 magnesium alloy, resulting in the formation of a metallurgical bond at the Mg-Ta interface to a certain extent, ensuring the overall molding of the composite material. The entire process avoids the generation of a surface oxide layer and ensures the interface bonding strength; at the same time, the involved process flow is relatively simple, including SLM and pressure casting. Therefore, the preparation efficiency of the Mg-Ta metal composite material by this method is high, which is suitable for the preparation of the Mg-Ta metal composite material, and the prepared Mg-Ta metal composite material has excellent mechanical properties, strong dimensional and mass stability.

[0033] In the second aspect, the present invention provides an Mg-Ta metal composite material prepared by the above preparation method.

[0034] In the third aspect, the present invention further provides an application of the Mg-Ta metal composite material in the preparation of an aerospace detector.

[0035] Beneficial effects

[0036] 1. The honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material of the present invention adopts a combined preparation method of SLM + pressure casting. The SLM method realizes the preparation of the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate, and then the magnesium alloy is filled in the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate by the combined pressure casting method, realizing the effective composite of the magnesium alloy and pure Ta, which can significantly improve the quality of the plate and the aerospace launch capacity.

[0037] 2. The preparation method of the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material of the present invention has significant advantages of short production cycle, few processes, and avoidance of surface oxidation compared with traditional solid-phase composite methods such as rolling diffusion bonding. Moreover, due to the selection of AZ91 magnesium alloy with a high Al content (the Al content in AZ91 magnesium alloy is 9%), and a relatively high casting temperature is chosen, it can promote the mutual diffusion of Al and Ta atoms, forming a better interfacial metallurgical bonding effect, and solving the problem of difficult metallurgical bonding between Ta and Mg alloy.

[0038] 3. The honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material of the present invention is particularly suitable for the processing and manufacturing of anti-radiation lightweight composite materials for the shielding structure of deep space detectors.

[0039] The present invention has been described in detail above, but the above embodiments are essentially illustrative only and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the present invention is not limited by any theory described in the foregoing prior art or the invention content or the following examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 The process flow chart of the preparation of the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material of the present invention is shown;

[0041] Figure 2 The schematic structural diagram of the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0042] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0043] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown, the combined SLM + pressure casting preparation method of the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material includes the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Preheat pure Ta powder in a vacuum drying oven;

[0045] Step 2: Draw a three-dimensional model of a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate on a computer through three-dimensional design software to generate a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate entity;

[0046] Step 3: Transfer the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate entity to a slicing software for slicing and then import it into a selective laser melting additive manufacturing device;

[0047] Step 4: Turn on the selective laser melting additive manufacturing device, set the printing parameters, and print the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate entity to obtain a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate;

[0048] Step 5: Under a protective atmosphere, melt the surface-cleaned AZ91 magnesium alloy to obtain a molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid;

[0049] Step 6: Use the molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid as a filler and cast it into the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate under pressure, and then cool it;

[0050] Step 7: For the Mg-Ta metal composite material with good filling after casting (the honeycomb cavity is filled with AZ91 magnesium alloy), perform surface leveling and cleaning, and remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting to obtain a Mg-Ta metal composite material with a honeycomb structure.

[0051] In the above technical solution, both the pure Ta powder and the AZ91 magnesium alloy can be obtained by commercial purchase. The particle size of the pure Ta powder is 15 - 45 μm, and the purity is ≥99.9%.

[0052] In the above technical solution, in Step 1, the preheating time is 0.5 - 1 h, and the preheating temperature is 100 - 200 °C;

[0053] In the above technical solution, in Step 4, the laser power is 400 - 500 W, the scanning rate is 100 - 150 mm / s, and the energy density is 240 - 450 J / mm 3 ; The inner wall of the honeycomb cell can have holes or no holes.

[0054] In the above technical solution, in Step 5, the surface-cleaned AZ91 magnesium alloy is placed in an induction furnace filled with argon for melting; the temperature is controlled in the range of 650 - 700 °C, and the surface scum of the molten magnesium alloy liquid is removed after melting. However, it should be noted that there are no other specific requirements for the melting equipment, and other melting methods well-known to those skilled in the art are also applicable to the present invention.

[0055] In the above technical solution, in Step 6, it is preferred to use the pressure casting method to cast the liquid AZ91 magnesium alloy as a filler into the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate under pressure. The process conditions of the pressure casting are preferably: carried out under a protective atmosphere, the casting temperature is 680 - 700 °C, and it is naturally cooled after casting. However, it should be noted that there are no other specific requirements for the equipment, and other casting methods well-known to those skilled in the art are also applicable to the present invention.

[0056] In the above technical solution, in Step 7, it is preferred to use a lathe or wire cutting for surface leveling and cleaning to remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting. However, it should be noted that other surface leveling and cleaning processes well-known to those skilled in the art are also applicable to the present invention.

[0057] The terms used in the present invention generally have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified. To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0058] In the following embodiments, various processes and methods not described in detail are conventional methods well known in the art. The materials, reagents, devices, instruments, equipment, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

[0059] The selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment is the SLM-250 selective laser melting 3D printing equipment from North University of China;

[0060] The pressure die casting equipment is the DCC280 die casting machine from LK Group;

[0061] The pure Ta powder is commercial high-purity Ta powder with a particle size of 15 - 45 μm and a purity of ≥99.9%;

[0062] The AZ91 magnesium alloy is a commercial AZ91 magnesium alloy ingot.

[0063] Example 1

[0064] A method for jointly preparing a honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite material by SLM + pressure die casting comprises the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Preheat the pure Ta powder (the particle size of the pure Ta powder is 15 - 45 μm and the purity is ≥99.9%) in a vacuum drying oven for 1 h at a preheating temperature of 200°C;

[0066] Step 2: Draw a three-dimensional model of a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate on a computer through three-dimensional design software to generate a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate entity;

[0067] Step 3: Transfer the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate entity to a slicing software for slicing and then import it into the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment;

[0068] Step 4: Turn on the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment, set the printing parameters, and print the honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate entity to obtain a honeycomb-shaped porous Ta plate; the printing parameters include: a laser power of 500 W, a scanning speed of 150 mm / s, and an energy density of 450 J / mm 3 ; the wall thickness of the honeycomb holes is 1 mm, the honeycomb holes are regular hexagons with a side length of 5 mm, and the height is 4 mm.

[0069] Step 5. Under a protective atmosphere, melt the surface-clean AZ91 magnesium alloy to obtain a molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid (temperature controlled in the range of 650 - 700 °C), and remove the surface scum of the molten magnesium alloy liquid after melting.

[0070] Step 6. Pour the liquid AZ91 magnesium alloy as a filler into the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb porous Ta plate under pressure (performed under a protective atmosphere, casting temperature at 680 - 700 °C, and natural cooling after casting);

[0071] Step 7. For the well-filled Mg-Ta metal composite after casting, perform surface cleaning using a lathe or wire cutting to remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting, and obtain a Mg-Ta metal composite with a honeycomb structure.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] A combined preparation method of a honeycomb structure Mg-Ta metal composite by SLM + pressure casting, the steps are as follows:

[0074] Step 1. Preheat pure Ta powder (the particle size of pure Ta powder is 15 - 45 μm, purity ≥ 99.9%) in a vacuum drying oven, with a preheating time of 0.5 h and a preheating temperature of 100 °C;

[0075] Step 2. Draw a three-dimensional model of the honeycomb porous Ta plate through three-dimensional design software on a computer to generate a honeycomb porous Ta plate entity;

[0076] Step 3. Transfer the honeycomb porous Ta plate entity to a slicing software for slicing and then import it into a selective laser melting additive manufacturing device;

[0077] Step 4. Turn on the selective laser melting additive manufacturing device, set the printing parameters, and print the honeycomb porous Ta plate entity to obtain a honeycomb porous Ta plate; the printing parameters include: laser power of 400 W, scanning speed of 100 mm / s, energy density of 240 J / mm 3 ; the wall thickness of the honeycomb cell is 1.5 mm, the honeycomb cell is a regular hexagon with a side length of 10 mm, a height of 5 mm, and uniformly distributed 1 - 2 mm diameter hollow holes on the inner wall of the honeycomb cell.

[0078] Step 5. Under a protective atmosphere, melt the surface-clean AZ91 magnesium alloy to obtain a molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid (temperature controlled in the range of 650 - 700 °C), and remove the surface scum of the molten magnesium alloy liquid after melting.

[0079] Step 6: Pour the liquid AZ91 magnesium alloy as a filler into the honeycomb pores of the honeycomb porous Ta plate under pressure (performed under a protective atmosphere, the casting temperature is 680 - 700 °C, and it is naturally cooled after casting);

[0080] Step 7: For the well-filled Mg-Ta metal composite after casting, perform surface cleaning using a lathe or wire cutting to remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting, and obtain a Mg-Ta metal composite with a honeycomb structure.

[0081] Compared with Example 1, holes are added to the inner wall of the honeycomb pores. The hollow holes can further reduce the material weight and are also beneficial to the tight bonding of the subsequent Ta material and AZ91 magnesium alloy.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that AZ91 magnesium alloy is replaced by AZ31 magnesium alloy.

[0084] Comparative Example 2

[0085] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that casting is performed without pressure.

[0086] Comparative Example 3

[0087] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that the wall thickness of the honeycomb pores is 2 mm, and the honeycomb pores are regular hexagons with a side length of 10 mm.

[0088] Comparative Example 4

[0089] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is only that the SLM process parameters are different, and the scanning rate is 200 - 250 mm / s.

[0090] The honeycomb structure Mg-Ta metal composites prepared in Examples 1 - 2 and Comparative Examples 1 - 4 were tested, and the results are as follows.

[0091] Field emission electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the surface and internal quality of the prepared honeycomb structure Mg-Ta metal composites. The compressive strength was tested using a universal mechanical testing machine. It was found that the surface quality of the honeycomb structure Mg-Ta metal composite prepared in Example 1 was good, the honeycomb pores were well filled, the bonding condition between the Mg and Ta dissimilar metal interfaces was good, the compressive strength of the Mg-Ta metal composite was 120 MPa, and the interface diffusion width of the AZ91-Ta was 2 μm, and the interface bonding was good.

[0092] The surface and internal quality, compressive strength of the prepared honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite were tested, and field emission electron microscopy (SEM) observation was carried out. It was found that the surface quality of the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite prepared in Example 2 was good, the honeycomb pores were well filled, the bonding condition between the Mg and Ta dissimilar metal interfaces was good, the compressive strength of the Mg-Ta metal composite was 100 MPa, the interface diffusion width of AZ91-Ta was 2 μm, and the interface bonding was good.

[0093] For the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite prepared in Comparative Example 1, the surface quality was good, the honeycomb pores were well filled, but the bonding condition between the Mg and Ta dissimilar metal interfaces was poor. The compressive strength of the Mg-Ta metal composite was 85 MPa, the interface diffusion width of AZ31-Ta was 0 μm, and there was no metallurgical bonding at the interface, indicating that the selection of AZ91 magnesium alloy could effectively improve the interface bonding ability.

[0094] For the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite prepared in Comparative Example 2, the surface quality was poor with many macroscopic casting defects, the honeycomb pores were not fully filled, and there were many gaps and holes. The compressive strength of the Mg-Ta metal composite was 80 MPa, indicating that the selection of pressure casting could effectively improve the filling ability of the magnesium alloy and promote the successful preparation of the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite.

[0095] For the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite prepared in Comparative Example 3, the surface quality was good, the honeycomb pores were well filled, the bonding condition between the Mg and Ta dissimilar metal interfaces was good, the compressive strength of the Mg-Ta metal composite was 90 MPa, and the overall weight of the plate was significantly increased, indicating that the selection of appropriate honeycomb pore wall thickness and honeycomb pore size was the key factor for the overall lightweight manufacturing of the plate.

[0096] For the honeycomb-structured Mg-Ta metal composite prepared in Comparative Example 4, the surface quality was good, the honeycomb pores were well filled, the bonding condition between the Mg and Ta dissimilar metal interfaces was good, the compressive strength of the Mg-Ta metal composite was 100 MPa. Due to the increase in the scanning speed, there were many pore defects inside the SLM structure, indicating that the SLM scanning rate was the key factor for the controllable manufacturing of the overall quality of the plate.

[0097] The above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: within the scope of the spirit and essence defined by the claims of the present invention, the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements are still within the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a Mg-Ta metal composite material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a honeycomb porous Ta plate by selective laser melting; the laser power used in the selective laser melting method is 400 - 500 W, the scanning rate is 100 - 150 mm / s, and the energy density is 240 - 450 J / mm 3 ; S2. Under a protective atmosphere, clean the surface of the AZ91 magnesium alloy and melt it to obtain a molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid; S3. Take the molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid as a filler and cast it into the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb porous Ta plate under pressure, and then cool it; S4. Level and clean the surface of the cast Mg-Ta metal composite material, and remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting to obtain a Mg-Ta metal composite material with a honeycomb structure.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11. Preheat pure Ta powder in a vacuum drying oven for 0.5 - 1 h at a preheating temperature of 100 - 200 °C; S12. Draw a three-dimensional model of the honeycomb porous Ta plate on a computer through three-dimensional design software to generate a honeycomb porous Ta plate entity; S13. Transfer the honeycomb porous Ta plate entity to a slicing software for slicing and then import it into a selective laser melting additive manufacturing device; S14. Turn on the selective laser melting additive manufacturing equipment, set the printing parameters, and print the honeycomb porous Ta plate entity to obtain the honeycomb porous Ta plate. The printing parameters include: laser power of 400 - 500 W, scanning speed of 100 - 150 mm / s, and energy density of 240 - 450 J / mm 3 .

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein In step S11, the particle size of the pure Ta powder is 15 - 45 μm and the purity is ≥ 99.9%; 4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein, In step S12, the wall thickness of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb porous Ta plate is 0.5 - 1 mm, the honeycomb cells are regular hexagons with a side length of 5 - 10 mm, and the height of the honeycomb cells is 2 - 4 mm; or the wall thickness of the honeycomb cells of the honeycomb porous Ta plate is 1 - 1.5 mm, the honeycomb cells are regular hexagons with a side length of 10 - 15 mm, the height is 5 - 10 mm, and the inner walls of the honeycomb cells are evenly distributed with hollow holes with a diameter of 1 - 2 mm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, Step S2 specifically includes: placing the AZ91 magnesium alloy with a clean surface in an induction furnace filled with argon for melting, controlling the temperature in the range of 650 - 700 °C; removing the surface scum of the molten AZ91 magnesium alloy liquid after melting.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The process conditions of step S3 include: carried out under a protective atmosphere, the casting temperature is 680 - 700 °C, the casting pressure is 15 - 30 MPa, and natural cooling is carried out after casting.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, a lathe or wire cutting is used for surface leveling and cleaning to remove the residual AZ91 magnesium alloy on the surface after casting.

8. A Mg-Ta metal composite material prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1 - 7.

9. An application of the Mg-Ta metal composite material described in claim 8 in the preparation of an aviation detector.

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