Display model for osteotomy around knee joint

Abstract

The invention discloses a knee joint peripheral osteotomy display model which comprises a lower limb model, a force line simulation rod, a supporting structure and an osteotomy simulation device. A knee joint is arranged at the joint of the tibia model and the femur model, a first hinge is arranged in a tibia near-end area of the knee joint on one side, and a second hinge is arranged in a femur far-end area of the knee joint on the other side; the knee joint area on one side simulates knee joint varus deformity through a first hinge; the knee joint area on the other side simulates knee joint ectropion deformity through a second hinge; the force line simulation rod moves along with the correction of the varus and valgus of the knee joint so as to simulate the force line distribution condition before and after the varus and valgus correction. The display model can be used when operation propaganda and education are carried out on patients or operation knowledge teaching is carried out on students, the occurrence principle of knee joint ectropion and ectropion deformity and the operation principle and process of two specific correction operations can be displayed, and the purposes that the patients or the students can visually understand and learn can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic surgery teaching models, and in particular to a display model for osteotomy around the knee joint, specifically a teaching model for surgical methods (including high tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy) for treating knee varus and valgus deformities in clinical surgical operations. Background Art

[0002] Knee joint lower limb force line deformity is a common knee joint disease in orthopedic surgery, which can be divided into two major categories: varus deformity and valgus deformity. When the cartilage degeneration in the knee joint is relatively mild, the lower limb force line can be corrected surgically for treatment.

[0003] Among them, the most common cause of knee joint varus deformity is abnormal development of the proximal tibia, resulting in too small development of the medial angle of the proximal tibia (<85°). The lower limb force line passes through the medial compartment, causing stress to concentrate in the medial compartment, resulting in medial cartilage degeneration. The common symptom is that the patient has an O-shaped leg and pain in the medial knee joint. In orthopedic surgery, high tibial osteotomy is often used for correction. mainly, after osteotomy of the proximal tibia, it is spread open medially. Through biplane high tibial osteotomy, with the lateral side of the proximal tibia as the hinge, the medial side is spread open to the pre-designed angle, and the force line passes through the center of the tibial plateau or 55% of the lateral side. Then, internal fixation with a steel plate is applied. After 3 to 6 months, the osteotomy fracture heals naturally, and the internal and external stress is balanced, achieving the purpose of relieving the pressure in the medial compartment of the knee joint, promoting the repair of medial cartilage, and relieving pain.

[0004] Furthermore, the most common cause of knee joint valgus deformity is abnormal development of the distal femur, resulting in too small development of the lateral angle of the distal femur (<85°). The lower limb force line passes through the lateral compartment, causing stress to concentrate in the lateral compartment, resulting in lateral compartment cartilage degeneration. The common symptom is that the patient has an X-shaped leg and pain in the lateral knee joint. In orthopedic surgery, distal femoral osteotomy is often used for correction. mainly, after osteotomy of the distal femur, it is closed. Through biplane distal femoral osteotomy, with the lateral side of the distal femur as the hinge, after cutting off the medial wedge-shaped osteotomy block, the medial femur is closed, so that the lower limb force line passes through the center of the knee joint or 55% of the medial side. Then, fixation with a steel plate is applied. After 3 to 6 months, the osteotomy fracture heals naturally, and the internal and external stress is balanced, achieving the purpose of relieving the pressure in the lateral compartment of the knee joint, promoting the repair of lateral cartilage, and relieving pain.

[0005] Therefore, based on the above technical problems, those skilled in the art urgently need to develop a display model for osteotomy around the knee joint. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a demonstration model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint, which can be used for surgical education of patients or teaching surgical knowledge to students, and can demonstrate the principles of the occurrence of varus and valgus deformities of the knee joint, as well as the specific surgical operation principles and processes, so that patients or students can achieve an intuitive understanding and learning purpose.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The demonstration model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint of the present invention includes: A lower limb model; and A mechanical axis simulation rod movably connected to the lower limb model; and A support structure for supporting the lower limb model; The lower limb model is divided into a pelvis model, a femur model, a tibia model and a foot model; The connection between the tibia model and the femur model is the knee joint. A first hinge is provided in the proximal tibia region of the knee joint on one side, and a second hinge is provided in the distal femur region of the knee joint on the other side; One side of the knee joint is closed by the first hinge to simulate varus deformity of the knee joint; The other side of the knee joint is opened by the second hinge to simulate valgus deformity of the knee joint; The mechanical axis simulation rod moves along with the varus and valgus of the knee joint to simulate the mechanical axis distribution before and after the correction of varus and valgus.

[0008] Further, the middle of the pelvis model is connected to a sacrum model; The femur model is movably connected to the lower part of the pelvis model; The femur model and the tibia model are connected through corresponding knee joint models; The foot model is movably connected to the lower end of the tibia model.

[0009] Further, the support structure includes: A bracket extending in the vertical direction; and A base located at the bottom of the bracket. The whole model is suspended, and the limb naturally hangs down under the action of gravity; The upper end of the bracket passes through the lower part of the pelvis model and extends to the upper part of the pelvis model. The upper end of the bracket extends in different directions with support rods, and the support rods are connected to the corresponding positions of the pelvis model to support the pelvis model and maintain the pelvic spatial position in the normal human standing posture.

[0010] Further, the mechanical axis simulation rod is configured as a straight rod extending in a direction perpendicular to the ground due to the lead weight of the talus of the foot; The upper end of the force line simulation rod is rotatably connected to the connection between the pelvis model and the femur model through a rotating member; The lower end of the force line simulation rod is rotatably connected to the connection between the foot model and the tibia model through a rotating member; The position where the force line simulation rod cooperates with the knee joint is movably connected through a sliding piece, and the force line simulation rod can move horizontally relative to the knee joint.

[0011] Furthermore, the first hinge is provided at the connection between the tibia model on the left and the knee joint; The second hinge is provided at the connection between the femoral model and the knee joint on the right side.

[0012] When the first hinge is in a closed state, the medial angle of the proximal tibia of the tibia model is reduced, so that the left lower limb is in a varus deformity state, thereby simulating varus deformity of the knee joint.

[0013] Furthermore, when the first hinge is in the open state, a high tibial osteotomy can be simulated, with the outer side of the proximal tibia as the axis, the inner side is stretched open, and the inner angle of the proximal tibia is restored, so as to achieve the purpose of simulating a high tibial osteotomy and restore the left lower limb to a normal force line state; When the second hinge is in the open state, the valgus angle of the distal end of the right femur is reduced, so that the right lower limb is in a valgus deformity state, thereby simulating the valgus deformity of the knee joint.

[0014] Furthermore, when the second hinge is in a closed state, it can simulate distal femoral osteotomy, with the outer side of the distal femur as the axis, the inner side is closed, and the outer side angle of the distal femur is restored, so as to achieve the purpose of simulating distal femoral osteotomy and restore the right lower limb to a normal force line state; Furthermore, a first oblong groove is formed on the upper portion of the force line simulation rod, and the force line simulation rod is rotationally connected to the connection between the pelvis model and the femur model via a first rotation axis; The lower end of the force line simulation rod is connected to the foot model and the tibia model through the second rotation axis; A second oblong groove is provided in the middle of the force line simulation rod, and a sliding groove extending in the horizontal direction is provided in the knee joint. The middle of the force line simulation rod is slidably connected in the sliding groove through a third rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the talus structure of the foot model of the lower limb model is filled with metal lead, so that the lower limb can be naturally perpendicular to the ground.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the knee periarticular osteotomy (high tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy) demonstration model provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The display model of the present invention can be used when conducting surgical education for patients or teaching surgical knowledge to students. It can demonstrate the principle of the occurrence of varus and valgus deformities of the knee joint, as well as the surgical operation principles and processes of specific high tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy, enabling patients or students to achieve an intuitive understanding and learning purpose. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint (high tibial osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy) disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram showing the simulated varus (left side) and valgus (right side) deformity states of the knee joint of the display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is an enlarged view of the connection structure between the foot model and the force line simulation rod of the display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an enlarged view of the connection structure on the back between the foot model and the force line simulation rod of the display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 It is an enlarged view of the connection structure between the pelvis model and the force line simulation rod of the display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 It is an enlarged view of the structure of the left knee joint of the display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is an enlarged view of the structure of the right knee joint of the display model for periprosthetic osteotomy of the knee joint disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Description of the reference numerals: Lower limb model; 4. Force line simulation rod; 101. Pelvis model; 102. Sacral model; 103. Femur model; 104. Knee joint; 105. Tibia model; 106. Foot model; 201. Bracket; 202. Base; 203. Support rod; 301. First hinge; 302. Second hinge; 401. First oblong groove; 402. Second oblong groove; 403. Slide groove; 501, First rotating shaft; 502, Second rotating shaft; 503, Third rotating shaft. Detailed implementation mode

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] See Figures 1 to 7 as shown; The tibial high osteotomy demonstration model of this embodiment, this demonstration model includes: Lower limb model 1; and A force line simulation rod 4 movably connected to the lower limb model 1; and A support structure for supporting the lower limb model 1; The lower limb model 1 is divided into a pelvis model 101, a femur model 103, a tibia model 105 and a foot model 106; The connection between the tibia model 105 and the femur model 103 is the knee joint 104. A first hinge 301 is provided in the knee joint area on one side, and a second hinge 302 is provided in the knee joint area on the other side; The knee joint area on one side is closed through the first hinge 301 to simulate varus deformity of the knee joint; The knee joint area on the other side is opened through the second hinge 302 to simulate valgus deformity of the knee joint; The force line simulation rod 4 moves along with the varus and valgus of the knee joint, thereby simulating the force line distribution before and after the correction of varus and valgus.

[0022] Specifically, this embodiment discloses a teaching model for a surgical method (including tibial high osteotomy and distal femoral osteotomy) for treating varus and valgus deformities of the knee joint in clinical surgery. It can simulate the morphology of varus and valgus deformities of the knee joint and the stress conditions under varus and valgus deformity states. It simulates the direction of force conduction under varus and valgus deformity states of the knee joint through a force line simulation rod. Specifically, the demonstration model of this embodiment includes a lower limb model 1, a support structure for supporting the entire model, and a force line simulation rod 4 connecting the corresponding positions of the lower limb model 1; among them, in the manner shown in the figure, the first hinge 301 is integrated on the left side and the second hinge 302 is integrated on the right side in this embodiment. The left side is closed through the first hinge 301 to simulate the varus deformity state of the knee joint, and the postoperative state of correcting the varus deformity of the knee joint by tibial high osteotomy is simulated by opening through 301; the right side is opened through the second hinge 302 to simulate the valgus deformity state of the knee joint, and the postoperative state of correcting the valgus deformity of the knee joint by distal femoral osteotomy is simulated by closing the second hinge 302. At the same time, the change in the direction of force conduction can be intuitively seen through the force line simulation rod 4 with position change.

[0023] Preferably, the pelvic model 101 of this embodiment is connected to the sacral model 102 in the middle; the femoral model 103 is movably connected to the lower part of the pelvic model 101; the femoral model 103 and the tibial model 105 are connected through corresponding knee joint models; the foot model 106 is movably connected to the lower end of the tibial model 105.

[0024] In this embodiment, the proximal end of the pelvic model 101 is fixed on the sacral model 102, so that the pelvic model 101 presents a standing spatial state of the human body. The sacral model 102 and the pelvic model 101 are integrated, and the entire skeleton is in a suspended state under the support of the support structure.

[0025] In addition, the tibial model 105 and the femoral model 103 of this embodiment are connected by medial and lateral collateral ligaments. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments are made of soft materials and have a certain tension. The femoral and tibial side attachment points are fixed by glue, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments can be slightly stretched when the tibia is valgus or varus relative to the femur.

[0026] Preferably, the support structure of this embodiment includes a bracket 201 extending in the vertical direction; and a base 202 located at the bottom of the bracket 201; The upper end of the bracket 201 passes through the lower part of the pelvic model 101 and extends to the upper part of the pelvic model 101. The upper end of the bracket 201 extends with support rods 203 in different directions, and the support rods 203 are connected to the corresponding positions of the pelvic model 101 to support the pelvic model 101.

[0027] Among them, the force line simulation rod 4 of this embodiment is configured as a straight rod extending in a direction perpendicular to the ground; The upper end of the force line simulation rod 4 is rotatably connected to the connection between the pelvic model 101 and the femoral model 103 through a rotating member, and can move slightly up and down along an elliptical slot; The lower end of the force line simulation rod 4 is rotatably connected to the connection between the foot model 106 and the tibial model 105 through a rotating member; The position of the force line simulation rod 4 cooperating with the knee joint 104 is movably connected through a sliding member, and the force line simulation rod 4 can move horizontally relative to the knee joint 104.

[0028] Based on the connection of the above force line simulation rod 4, this embodiment is divided into left and right sides in the way shown in the figure, specifically: A first hinge 301 is provided at the connection between the left tibial model 105 and the knee joint 104; A second hinge 302 is provided at the connection between the right femoral model 103 and the knee joint 104.

[0029] When the first hinge 301 is in a closed state, the left lower limb is in an internal rotation deformity state, and the force line simulation rod 4 passes through the medial compartment of the knee joint.

[0030] When the first hinge 301 is in the open state, the left lower limb is in a normal mechanical axis state, and the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 passes through the center of the knee joint.; When the second hinge 302 is in the open state, the right lower limb shows a valgus deformity of the knee joint, and the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 passes through the lateral compartment of the knee joint.

[0031] When the second hinge 302 is in the closed state, the right lower limb is in a normal mechanical axis state, and the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 passes through the center of the knee joint; This embodiment further defines the structure of the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 and the connection positions. At the same time, in the way of the left and right sides shown in the figure, the internal and external valgus deformities of the left and right lower limbs are simulated respectively through the first hinge 301 and the second hinge 302.

[0032] In order to meet the movement requirements of the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 when the knee joint 104 has internal and external valgus, so as to more intuitively observe the force change, a first oblong slot 401 is opened at the upper part of the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 in this embodiment. And the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 is rotationally connected to the connection parts of the pelvis model 101 and the femur model 103 through the first rotating shaft 501, and can move up and down along the oblong slot; The lower end of the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 is rotationally connected to the foot model 106 and the tibia model 105 through the second rotating shaft 502; A second oblong slot 402 is opened at the middle position of the mechanical axis simulation rod 4, and a chute 403 extending in the horizontal direction is opened on the knee joint 104. The middle position of the mechanical axis simulation rod 4 is slidably connected to the chute 403 through the third rotating rod 503. Among them, the slot on the left side is from the center of the knee joint to the medial side of the knee joint, and the right side is from the center of the knee joint to the lateral side of the knee joint.

[0033] Through the above connection relationship, it is not difficult to see that when the left first hinge 301 is in the closed state, the left lower limb is in an internal valgus deformity state at this time. Due to the internal valgus of the knee joint, the left mechanical axis simulation rod 4 will slide inward along the chute, indicating that the stress is concentrated on the medial side of the knee joint. When the right second hinge 302 is in the open state, the right lower limb is in an external valgus deformity state at this time. Due to the external valgus of the knee joint, the right mechanical axis simulation rod 4 will slide outward along the chute, indicating that the stress is concentrated on the lateral side of the knee joint.

[0034] Furthermore, the opening of the first hinge 301 is used to simulate high tibial osteotomy and the closing of the second hinge 302 is used to simulate distal femoral osteotomy to correct the mechanical axis, so as to achieve the purpose of treating knee joint internal and external valgus.

[0035] Preferably, the talus part of the foot model 106 of the lower limb model 1 in this embodiment is filled with lead. In this way, the overall center of gravity is located at the center of the ankle joint, and the two lower limbs can take 501 as the axis and be perpendicular to the ground.

[0036] As an extended implementation method, the lower limb model 1 of this embodiment is entirely made of PVC material, the support structure is made of stainless steel metal, and the material of the force line simulation rod 4 can be selected as PVC material. The rotating parts and hinges are both made of stainless steel. At the same time, magnets or magnetic surfaces are provided on the pages of the hinges to ensure that the closed state will not open by itself, and it can also ensure that it will not close after being opened.

[0037] In the above technical solution, a model for demonstrating osteotomy around the knee joint provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The demonstration model of the present invention can be used when conducting surgical education for patients or teaching surgical knowledge to students. It can demonstrate the principle of the occurrence of knee varus and valgus deformities, as well as the specific surgical operation principle and process, so that patients or students can achieve the purpose of intuitive understanding and learning.

[0038] Only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described by way of illustration above. Without doubt, for those of ordinary skill in the art, various different ways can be used to modify the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A demonstration model of osteotomy around the knee joint, characterized in that, The display model includes: a lower limb model (1); and a line of force simulation rod (4) movably connected to the lower limb model (1); and a support structure for supporting the lower limb model (1); The lower limb model (1) is divided into a pelvis model (101), a femur model (103), a tibia model (105) and a foot model (106); The connection between the tibia model (105) and the femur model (103) is a knee joint (104). A first hinge (301) is provided in the proximal tibia region of the knee joint on one side, and a second hinge (302) is provided in the distal femur region of the knee joint on the other side; One side of the lower limb simulates varus deformity of the knee joint through the closing of the first hinge (301); The other side of the lower limb simulates valgus deformity of the knee joint through the opening of the second hinge (302); The line of force simulation rod (4) moves along with the varus and valgus of the knee joint, thereby simulating the line of force distribution before and after the correction of varus and valgus surgery.

2. The knee joint periprosthetic osteotomy display model according to claim 1, wherein The middle of the pelvis model (101) is connected to the sacrum model (102); The femur model (103) is movably connected to the lower part of the pelvis model (101); The femur model (103) and the tibia model (105) are connected through corresponding knee joint models; The foot model (106) is movably connected to the lower end of the tibia model (105).

3. The knee joint periprosthetic osteotomy display model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support structure includes: a bracket (201) extending in the vertical direction; and a base (202) located at the bottom of the bracket (201); The upper end of the bracket (201) passes through the lower part of the pelvis model (101) and extends to the upper part of the pelvis model (101). The upper end of the bracket (201) extends with support rods (203) in different directions, and the support rods (203) are connected to the corresponding positions of the pelvis model (101) to support the pelvis model (101).

4. The knee joint circumferential osteotomy demonstration model according to claim 2, characterized in that, The line of force simulation rod (4) is configured as a straight rod extending in a direction perpendicular to the ground; The upper end of the line of force simulation rod (4) is rotatably connected to the connection between the pelvis model (101) and the femur model (103) through a rotating member; The lower end of the line of force simulation rod (4) is rotatably connected to the connection between the foot model (106) and the tibia model (105) through a rotating member; The position of the line of force simulation rod (4) cooperating with the knee joint (104) is movably connected through a sliding member, and the line of force simulation rod (4) can move horizontally relative to the knee joint (104).

5. The knee joint periprosthetic osteotomy display model according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first hinge (301) is provided at the proximal end of the left tibia model (105); The second hinge (302) is provided at the distal end of the right femur model (105).

6. The knee joint circumferential osteotomy display model according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the first hinge (301) is in an open state, the left lower limb is in a normal line of force state; When the first hinge (301) is in a closed state, due to the decrease of the medial angle of the proximal tibia, the left lower limb is in a varus deformity state.

7. The tibial high tibial osteotomy display model according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the second hinge (302) is in a closed state, the right lower limb is in a normal line of force state; When the second hinge (302) is in the open state, due to the reduction of the lateral angle of the distal femur, the right lower limb is in an everted deformity state.

8. The knee joint periosteotomy demonstration model according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that, A first oblong slot (401) is formed in the upper part of the line of force simulation rod (4), and the line of force simulation rod (4) is rotatably connected to the connection part of the pelvis model (101) and the femur model (103) through a first rotating shaft (501); The lower end of the line of force simulation rod (4) is rotatably connected to the foot model (106) and the tibia model (105) through a second rotating shaft (502); A second oblong slot (402) is formed in the middle position of the line of force simulation rod (4), a chute (403) extending in the horizontal direction is formed in the knee joint (104), and the middle position of the line of force simulation rod (4) is slidably connected to the chute (403) through a third rotating rod (503).

9. The tibial high tibial osteotomy demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The talus model part of the foot model (106) of the lower limb model (1) is filled with metallic lead so that the line of force simulation rod (4) can be naturally perpendicular to the ground.

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