Techniques for scrambling multiple accesses in wireless communications

Abstract

Aspects described herein relate to generating a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value; scrambling one or more codewords using the scrambling sequence as part of generating a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel; and transmitting the baseband signal to a network node.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Non - Provisional Patent Application No. 18 / 072,162, filed on November 30, 2022, entitled "TECHNIQUES FOR SCRAMBLING MULTIPLE ACCESS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to techniques for scrambling multiple access.

[0004] Description of Related Art

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. These systems can be multi - access systems that are capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multi - access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, and Single - Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC - FDMA) systems.

[0006] These multi - access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the urban, national, regional, and even global levels. For example, the fifth - generation (5G) wireless communication technology (which may be referred to as 5G New Radio (5G NR)) is designed to extend and support diverse use cases and applications for the current mobile network generation. In one aspect, 5G communication technology may include: enhanced mobile broadband for accessing multimedia content, services, and data for human - centric use cases; ultra - reliable low - latency communication (URLLC) with certain specifications for latency and reliability; and massive machine - type communication that can allow a very large number of connected devices and the transmission of relatively small amounts of non - latency - sensitive information. Summary of the Invention

[0007] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is neither intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0008] According to one aspect, there is provided an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions, when executed by the processor, are operative to cause the apparatus to: generate a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with a network node, a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the apparatus, a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a subframe index of a subframe associated with the wireless communication channel, or a slot index of a slot associated with the wireless communication channel; use the scrambling sequence to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for the wireless communication channel; and transmit the baseband signal to the network node.

[0009] According to one aspect, there is provided an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions, when executed by the processor, are operative to cause the apparatus to: receive a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel from a user equipment (UE); generate a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the apparatus, the RNTI of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a subframe index of a subframe associated with the wireless communication channel, or a slot index of a slot associated with the wireless communication channel; and use the scrambling sequence to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal.

[0010] In another aspect, there is provided a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: generating a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with a network node, the RNTI of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a subframe index of a subframe associated with the wireless communication channel, or a slot index of a slot associated with the wireless communication channel; using the scrambling sequence to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for the wireless communication channel; and transmitting the baseband signal to the network node.

[0011] In another aspect, a method for wireless communication at a network node is provided, the method comprising: receiving a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel from a UE; generating a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the network node, an RNTI of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the wireless communication channel, or a time slot index of a time slot associated with the wireless communication channel; and using the scrambling sequence to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal.

[0012] In a further aspect, a device for wireless communication is provided, the device comprising: a transceiver; a memory configured to store instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the transceiver and the memory. The one or more processors are configured to execute the instructions to perform the operations of the method described herein. In another aspect, a device for wireless communication is provided, the device comprising components for performing the operations of the method described herein. In yet another aspect, a computer-readable medium is provided, the computer-readable medium comprising code executable by one or more processors to perform the operations of the method described herein.

[0013] To achieve the foregoing and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features described comprehensively hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are only indicative of some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this specification is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Aspects of the disclosure will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are provided for illustration and not limitation of the disclosed aspects, in which like numerals represent like elements, and in which:

[0015] Figure 1 Illustrates an example of a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0016] Figure 2 Is a diagram illustrating an example of a split base station architecture in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] Figure 3 Is a block diagram illustrating an example of a user equipment (UE) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0018] Figure 4 Is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;

[0019] Figure 5 is a flow chart of an example of a method for scrambling wireless communication using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo - random offset value, in accordance with aspects described herein;

[0020] Figure 6 is a flow chart of an example of a method for descrambling wireless communication using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo - random offset value, and;

[0021] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an example of a multiple - input multiple - output (MIMO) communication system including a base station and a UE, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Detailed Description

[0022] Aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth for purposes of explanation in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It will be apparent, however, that such aspects may be practiced without these specific details.

[0023] The described features generally relate to scrambling multiple access in wireless communication. In wireless communication technologies such as fifth - generation (5G) new radio (NR), multiple access schemes can be used to multiplex communications from multiple user equipments (UEs) or for communications to multiple user equipments (UEs), which can increase the capacity of the wireless communication system. The capacity increase can be achieved by allowing more UEs to transmit or receive in the same amount of time - frequency resources based on the multiple access scheme. Multiplexing multiple UEs may potentially create interference at the base station.

[0024] For example, in 5G NR, gold sequences can be used to scramble the communications for multiple access. The gold sequence can be a function of an initial seed c init and an offset value N c In 5G NR, as described in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technical standard (TS) 36.211, the pseudo - random sequence is defined by a Gold sequence of length 31. The output sequence c(n) (where n = 0, 1,..., M PN - 1) is defined by: PN c(n)=(x1(n + N

[0025] )+x2(n + N c )) mod 2 c x1(n + 31)=(x1(n + 3)+x1(n)) mod 2

[0026]

[0027] ​x2(n + 31) = (x2(n + 3) + x2(n + 2) + x2(n + 1) + x2(n)) mod 2

[0028] where N C = 1600 and the first m-sequence should be initialized by x1(0) = 1, x1(n) = 0, n = 1, 2,..., 30. The initialization of the second m-sequence can be represented by where the value depends on the application of the sequence. In 5G NR, c init can be changed based on the cell identifier (ID), radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), frame index (n f ), subframe index, slot index (n s ), etc., while N c is fixed. For example,

[0029]

[0030] Currently, in 5G NR, the scrambling sequence is mainly a linear function of the cell ID and the slot number, so due to the linear characteristics of the gold sequence, the randomization achieved thereby may be limited.

[0031] Aspects described herein relate to scrambling schemes that can reduce the impact of interference on performance. For example, N c can be changed to improve randomization. For example, the offset value N c can be a random number or a pseudo-random function of another parameter, such as the cell ID, RNTI, frame index, subframe index, slot index, etc. Additionally, in some examples described herein, orthogonal demodulation reference signals (DMRS) can be used for transmission. In some examples, this can be applied to certain technologies, such as non-terrestrial networks (NTN). Using a scrambling sequence with a random offset value or a pseudo-random offset value can provide additional randomization, which can allow an increase in the number of UEs for which multiple access is provided in a given time period. This can improve the throughput of the wireless communication system, thereby allowing more users to access the system concurrently, which can improve the user experience when using UEs.

[0032] The described features will be presented in more detail below with reference to Figures 1 to 7

[0033] ​As used in this application, the terms "component", "module", "system", etc. are intended to include computer-related entities, such as but not limited to hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be but is not limited to: a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be components. One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread of execution, and a component can be located on one computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. Additionally, these components are capable of executing from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. A component can communicate, such as by way of signals with one or more data packets (such as data from one component that interacts with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or across a network such as the Internet with other systems) in a local and / or remote process manner.

[0034] The techniques described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, single-carrier FDMA, and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. CDMA systems may implement radio technologies such as CDMA2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), etc. CDMA2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. Releases 0 and A of IS-2000 are commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other variants of CDMA. TDMA systems may implement radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA systems may implement radio technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM TMetc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) are new versions of UMTS that use E-UTRA. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents of an organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project" (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents of an organization called the "3rd Generation Partnership Project 2" (3GPP2). The techniques described herein can be used in the above systems and radio technologies and other systems and radio technologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communications on shared radio frequency spectrum bands. However, the following description describes the LTE / LTE-A system for example purposes and uses LTE terminology in most of the following description, but these techniques can also be applied outside of LTE / LTE-A applications (e.g., applied to the Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) network or other next-generation communication systems).

[0035] The following description provides examples and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. Changes may be made to the functionality and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various procedures or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as appropriate for each example. For instance, the methods described may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0036] Aspects or features will be presented with respect to systems that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that various systems may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all of the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in connection with the figures. Combinations of these methods may also be used.

[0037] Figure 1FIG. 0 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network 100. A wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include a base station 102, a UE 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and / or a 5G core (5GC) 190. The base station 102 may include macro cells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Macro cells may include base stations. Small cells may include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. In one example, the base station 102 may further include a gNB 180, as further described herein. In one example, in accordance with aspects described herein, some nodes of the wireless communication system may have a modem 340 and a UE communication component 342 for scrambling wireless communications using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value. Additionally, in accordance with aspects described herein, some nodes may have a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442 for descrambling wireless communications using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value. Although the UE 104 is shown as having a modem 340 and a UE communication component 342, and the base station 102 / gNB 180 is shown as having a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442, this is an illustrative example, and substantially any node or any type of node may include a modem 340 and a UE communication component 342 and / or a modem 440 and a BS communication component 442 for providing the corresponding functionality described herein.

[0038] The base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (which may be collectively referred to as an evolved universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., using the S1 interface). The base station 102 configured for 5G NR (which may be collectively referred to as a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN)) may interface with the 5GC 190 via a backhaul link 184. In addition to other functions, the base station 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, radio access network information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base station 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over a backhaul link 134 (e.g., using the X2 interface). The backhaul link 134 may be wired or wireless.

[0039] Base station 102 may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs 104. Each base station in base station 102 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a Home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group (which may be referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG)). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. Base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz per carrier (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) allocated in carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (e.g., corresponding to x component carriers) for transmission in the DL and / or UL directions. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell) and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as Secondary Cells (SCells).

[0040] In another example, certain UEs 104 may use device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158 to communicate with each other. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through various wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0041] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0042] The small cell 102' may operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 102' may adopt NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as that used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102' adopting NR in the unlicensed spectrum may improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0043] The base station 102 (whether it is a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station)) may include an eNB, a gNodeB (gNB), or other types of base stations. Some base stations, such as the gNB 180, may operate in the traditional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as a mmW base station. The Extremely High Frequency (EHF) is a part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. The EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, and the wavelength is between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. The radio waves in this frequency band may be called millimeter waves. The near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz, and the wavelength is 100 millimeters. The Super High Frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also called centimeter waves. Communication using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band has extremely high path loss and short distance. The mmW base station 180 may use beamforming 182 together with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distance. The base station 102 mentioned in this article may include the gNB 180.

[0044] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Generally speaking, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All User Internet Protocol (IP) packets are passed through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to an IP service 176. The IP service 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area for a particular broadcast service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS-related charging information.

[0045] The 5GC 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 may be a control node that processes signaling between the UE 104 and the 5GC 190. Generally speaking, the AMF 192 may provide QoS flow and session management. User Internet Protocol (IP) packets (e.g., from one or more UEs 104) may be passed through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 may provide UE IP address allocation and other functions for one or more UEs. The UPF 195 is connected to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0046] A base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), access point, transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmit receive point (TRP), or some other suitable term. Base station 102 provides an access point for UE 104 to EPC 160 or 5GC 190. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDA), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other device with similar functionality. Some of the UEs in UE104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). IoT UEs may include machine type communication (MTC) / enhanced MTC (eMTC, also known as category (CAT)-M or CatM1) UEs, NB-IoT (also known as CAT NB1) UEs, and other types of UEs. In the present disclosure, eMTC and NB-IoT may refer to future technologies that can evolve from or be based on these technologies. For example, eMTC may include FeMTC (further eMTC), eFeMTC (enhanced further eMTC), mMTC (massive MTC), etc., and NB-IoT may include eNB-IoT (enhanced NB-IoT), FeNB-IoT (further enhanced NB-IoT), etc. UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, cell phone, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0047] The deployment of a communication system, such as a 5G New Radio (NR) system, can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, mobility elements of the network, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements, or network equipment (such as a base station (BS, e.g., BS102)), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality can be implemented in a centralized architecture or a split architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit-receive point (TRP), or cell, etc.) can be implemented as a centralized base station (also referred to as a stand-alone BS or monolithic BS) or a split base station.

[0048] A centralized base station can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A split base station can be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU can be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs can be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, can be geographically or virtually distributed among one or more other RAN nodes. A DU can be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU can also be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0049] Base station type operation or network design can consider the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, a split base station can be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as a network configuration initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also referred to as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Splitting can include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, and virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which can achieve flexibility in network design. The various units of a split base station or a split RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0050] In one example, the UE communication component 342 can communicate with the base station 102, gNB 180, or other nodes via a wireless communication channel. The UE communication component 342 can scramble codewords based on a scrambling sequence when generating baseband signals for transmission to facilitate multiple access, where multiple UEs can each use different scrambling sequences, and the base station 102 or other receiving nodes can know the different scrambling sequences and use the different scrambling sequences to decode the codewords from the baseband signals from each UE 104. The UE communication component 342 can generate a scrambling sequence for scrambling the codewords, and / or the BS communication component 442 can use an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value to generate a scrambling sequence for descrambling the codewords, where at least the pseudo-random offset value can provide uniqueness for the scrambling sequence of the UE 104. For example, the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with a network node, the RNTI of the UE, the frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, the sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the wireless communication channel, or the time-slot index of a time-slot associated with the wireless communication channel.

[0051] Figure 2 FIG. shows a diagram illustrating an example of a disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture can include one or more central units (CUs) 210, which can communicate directly with the core network 220 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non RT) RIC 215 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 205, or both). The CU 210 can communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 230 via a corresponding midhaul link (such as an F1 interface). The DU 230 can communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 240 via a corresponding fronthaul link. The RU 240 can communicate with a corresponding UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some specific implementations, the UE 104 can be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 240.

[0052] Each of the units (e.g., CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and the near RT RIC 225, non-RT RIC 215, and SMO framework 205) may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces, which are configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or the associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, the units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver), that is configured to receive signals or transmit signals or both to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0053] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may utilize an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the CU 210 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP units may communicate bi-directionally with the CU-CP units via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, the CU 210 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 230 for network control and signaling.

[0054] The DU 230 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of the radio link control (RLC) layer, the media access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least partially depending on a functional split (such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)). In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230 or with control functions hosted by the CU 210.

[0055] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, the RUs 240 controlled by the DU 230 may correspond to logical nodes that host RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.) or both at least partially based on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 240 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some embodiments, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of the control plane communication and user plane communication with the RU 240 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 230 and the CU 210 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0056] The SMO framework 205 can be configured to support the RAN deployment and orchestration of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, and these dedicated physical resources can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces (such as the O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 205 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as the Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as the O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, the CU 210, DU 230, RU 240, and near RT RIC 225. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 205 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as the Open eNB (O-eNB) 211) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 240 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 205 can also include a non-RT RIC 215 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 205.

[0057] The non-RT RIC 215 can be configured to include logical functions that can implement non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near RT RIC 225. The non-RT RIC 215 can be coupled to or communicate with the near RT RIC 225 (such as via the A1 interface). The near RT RIC 225 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through an interface (such as via the E2 interface) via data collection and actions, and this interface connects one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, and the O-eNB to the near RT RIC 225.

[0058] In some specific implementations, to generate the AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 225, the non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 225 and can be received from non-network data sources or from network functions at the SMO framework 205 or the non-RT RIC 215. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 215 or the near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune the RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 215 may monitor the long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ an AI / ML model to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0059] Turning now to Figures 3 to 7 , aspects are depicted with reference to one or more components and one or more methods that can perform the actions or operations described herein, where the aspects in the dashed lines may be optional. Although the operations described below in Figure 5 and Figure 6 are presented in a particular order and / or as performed by example components, it should be understood that the order of these actions and the components performing the actions may vary depending on the specific implementation. Additionally, it should be understood that the actions, functions, and / or components described below may be performed by a specially programmed processor, a processor executing specially programmed software or a computer-readable medium, or any other combination of hardware components and / or software components capable of performing the described actions or functions.

[0060] Referring to Figure 3 , an example of a specific implementation of the UE 104 may include multiple components, some of which have been described above and will be further described herein, including components such as one or more processors 312, a memory 316, and a transceiver 302 that communicate via one or more buses 344, which may operate in conjunction with a modem 340 and / or UE communication components 342 to scramble wireless communications using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value in accordance with the aspects described herein.

[0061] In one aspect, one or more processors 312 may include a modem 340 and / or may be part of a modem 340 that uses one or more modem processors. Accordingly, various functions associated with the UE communication component 342 may be included in the modem 340 and / or the processor 312, and in one aspect, may be performed by a single processor, while in other aspects, different functions among these functions may be performed by a combination of two or more different processors. For example, in one aspect, one or more processors 312 may include any one or any combination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digital signal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receive processor, or a transceiver processor associated with the transceiver 302. In other aspects, some of the features associated with the UE communication component 342 among the features of one or more processors 312 and / or the modem 340 may be performed by the transceiver 302.

[0062] Additionally, the memory 316 may be configured to store data and / or a local version of an application 375 used herein, or one or more sub-components of the UE communication component 342 and / or its sub-components are executed by at least one processor 312. The memory 316 may include any type of computer-readable medium that can be used by a computer or at least one processor 312, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and any combination thereof. In one aspect, for example, when the UE 104 is operating at least one processor 312 to execute one or more sub-components of the UE communication component 342 and / or its sub-components, the memory 316 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or more computer-executable codes defining one or more sub-components of the UE communication component 342 and / or the data associated therewith.

[0063] The transceiver 302 may include at least one receiver 306 and at least one transmitter 308. The receiver 306 may include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor for receiving data, the code including instructions and stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). The receiver 306 may be, for example, a radio frequency (RF) receiver. In one aspect, the receiver 306 may receive signals transmitted by at least one base station 102. Additionally, the receiver 306 may process such received signals and may also obtain measurements of these signals, such as but not limited to Ec / Io, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), etc. The transmitter 308 may include hardware, firmware, and / or software code executable by a processor for transmitting data, the code including instructions and stored in a memory (e.g., a computer-readable medium). Suitable examples of the transmitter 308 may include but are not limited to RF transmitters.

[0064] In addition, in one aspect, the UE 104 may include an RF front end 388 that may operatively communicate with one or more antennas 365 and the transceiver 302 to receive and transmit radio transmissions, e.g., wireless communications transmitted by at least one base station 102 or wireless transmissions transmitted by the UE 104. The RF front end 388 may be connected to one or more antennas 365 and may include one or more low noise amplifiers (LNAs) 390, one or more switches 392, one or more power amplifiers (PAs) 398, and one or more filters 396 for transmitting and receiving RF signals.

[0065] In one aspect, the LNA 390 may amplify the received signal to a desired output level. In one aspect, each LNA 390 may have a specified minimum gain value and a maximum gain value. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 may use one or more switches 392 to select a particular LNA 390 and its specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0066] Furthermore, for example, the RF front end 388 may use one or more PAs 398 to amplify the signal for RF output to a desired output power level. In one aspect, each PA 398 may have a specified minimum gain value and a maximum gain value. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 may use one or more switches 392 to select a particular PA 398 and its specified gain value based on the desired gain value for a particular application.

[0067] Additionally, for example, the RF front end 388 may use one or more filters 396 to filter the received signals to obtain the input RF signals. Similarly, in one aspect, for example, corresponding filters 396 may be used to filter the outputs from the corresponding PAs 398 to generate the output signals for transmission. In one aspect, each filter 396 may be connected to a specific LNA 390 and / or PA 398. In one aspect, the RF front end 388 may use one or more switches 392 to select a transmit path or a receive path that uses the specified filter 396, LNA 390, and / or PA 398 based on a configuration specified by the transceiver 302 and / or the processor 312.

[0068] Accordingly, the transceiver 302 may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals via the RF front end 388 through one or more antennas 365. In one aspect, the transceiver may be tuned to operate at a specified frequency such that the UE 104 may communicate with, for example, one or more base stations 102 or with one or more cells associated with one or more base stations 102. In one aspect, for example, the modem 340 may configure the transceiver 302 to operate at a specified frequency and power level based on the UE configuration of the UE 104 and the communication protocol used by the modem 340.

[0069] In one aspect, the modem 340 may be a multi-band multi-mode modem that may process digital data and communicate with the transceiver 302 such that the transceiver 302 is used to transmit and receive the digital data. In one aspect, the modem 340 may be multi-band and configured to support multiple frequency bands for a particular communication protocol. In one aspect, the modem 340 may be multi-mode and configured to support multiple operating networks and communication protocols. In one aspect, the modem 340 may control one or more components of the UE 104 (e.g., the RF front end 388, the transceiver 302) to effect the transmission and / or reception of signals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In one aspect, the modem configuration may be based on the mode of the modem and the frequency bands used. In another aspect, the modem configuration may be based on UE configuration information associated with the UE 104 provided by the network during cell selection and / or cell reselection.

[0070] In one aspect, in accordance with the aspects described herein, the UE communication component 342 may optionally include a sequence generation component 352 for generating a scrambling sequence and / or a scrambling component 354 for scrambling a wireless communication (e.g., a codeword) based on the scrambling sequence.

[0071] In one aspect, the processor 312 may correspond to the combination Figure 7one or more of the processors described in the UE in. Similarly, memory 316 may correspond to the memory described in the UE in conjunction with Figure 7 in the UE.

[0072] Referring Figure 4 , an example of a specific implementation of base station 102 (e.g., base station 102 and / or gNB 180 as described above) may include a variety of components, some of which have been described above, but including components such as one or more processors 412 and memory 416 that communicate via one or more buses 444 and transceiver 402, which may operate in conjunction with modem 440 and BS communication component 442 to demodulate wireless communication using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value as described herein.

[0073] Transceiver 402, receiver 406, transmitter 408, one or more processors 412, memory 416, application 475, bus 444, RF front end 488, LNA 490, switch 492, filter 496, PA 498, and one or more antennas 465 may be the same as or similar to the corresponding components of UE 104 as described above, but are configured or otherwise programmed for base station operation rather than UE operation.

[0074] In one aspect, according to the aspects described herein, BS communication component 442 may optionally include a sequence generation component 452 for generating a scrambling sequence and / or a descrambling component 454 for descrambling wireless communication (e.g., a codeword) based on the scrambling sequence.

[0075] In one aspect, processor 412 may correspond to one or more of the processors described in the base station in conjunction with Figure 7 in. Similarly, memory 416 may correspond to the memory described in the base station in conjunction with Figure 7 in the base station.

[0076] Figure 5 Illustrates a flowchart of an example of method 500 for scrambling wireless communication using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value according to the aspects described herein. In one example, UE 104 or base station 102 may use Figure 1 and Figure 3 one or more of the components described in to perform the functions described in method 500.

[0077] In method 500, at block 502, a scrambling sequence may be generated using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value. In one aspect, sequence generation component 352 (e.g., in conjunction with processor 312, memory 316, transceiver 302, UE communication component 342, etc.) may use the initial seed and the pseudo-random offset value to generate the scrambling sequence. In one example, the initial seed may also be a pseudo-random value. For example, the pseudo-random value may be generated based on a parameter value or as a function of a parameter value, which may change in certain scenarios and / or may be specific to the scenario, such as an identifier of the device. As described, for example, UE 104 may communicate with a network node (such as base station 102, gNB 180, etc.), which may include a monolithic base station 102, gNB 180, etc., decomposed parts of base station 102, gNB 180, etc.

[0078] In one example, sequence generation component 352 may use an offset value that is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the network node, an RNTI of the UE (which may be assigned to UE 104 by the network node in some examples), a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a subframe index of a subframe associated with the wireless communication channel, or a slot index of a slot associated with the wireless communication channel. For example, the frame index, subframe index, or slot index may be associated with the frame, subframe, or slot in which UE 104 transmits a baseband signal scrambled using the scrambling sequence. In one example, the initial seed may be fixed or may be a pseudo-random function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the network node, an RNTI of the UE, a frame index, a subframe index, or a slot index. In one example, the function used to generate the offset value and / or the initial seed may be a linear function.

[0079] In one example, sequence generation component 352 may use a formula defined in 5G NR to generate a Gold sequence of length 31, but may use a pseudo-random offset value instead of a fixed offset value N C = 1600. Thus, in one example, sequence generation component 352 may similarly generate a sequence of length 31. For example, sequence generation component 352 may generate a scrambling sequence c(n):

[0080] c(n) = (x1(n + N c ) + x2(n + N c )) mod 2

[0081] x1(n + 31) = (x1(n + 3) + x1(n)) mod 2

[0082] x2(n + 31) = (x2(n + 3) + x2(n + 2) + x2(n + 1) + x2(n)) mod 2

[0083] where N C is a pseudo-random offset value, which can be a function of a cell identifier, RNTI, frame index, sub-frame index, time slot index, etc., and the first m-sequence can be initialized with x1(0)=1, x1(n)=0, n = 1, 2, ..., 30. The initialization of the second m-sequence can be represented by which depends on the application of the sequence. For example, as described above, c init can also be changed based on a cell identifier (ID), RNTI, frame index (n f ), sub-frame index, time slot index (n s ), etc. Contrary to a fixed offset value, using a pseudo-random offset value can provide additional capacity for UEs in multiple access.

[0084] In one example, the sequence generation component 352 can determine to use a pseudo-random offset value instead of a fixed offset value to generate a scrambling sequence based on one or more other parameters. For example, in the case where the UE 104 is accessing a non-terrestrial network (NTN) via a network node, the sequence generation component 352 can use a pseudo-random offset value instead of a fixed offset value to generate a scrambling sequence. Such networks can benefit from using a pseudo-random offset value to provide additional capacity for multiple access UEs.

[0085] In method 500, at block 504, a scrambling sequence may be used to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel. In one aspect, a scrambling component 354 (e.g., in conjunction with processor 312, memory 316, transceiver 302, UE communication component 342, etc.) may use a scrambling sequence to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel. For example, UE 104 may be configured or allocated resources for sending communications to a network node over a wireless communication channel, such as a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), etc. In this example, the scrambling component 354 may receive codewords to be sent over the resources (e.g., time resources and / or frequency resources) of the wireless communication channel and may accordingly scramble the codewords when generating the baseband signal for transmission. For example, the scrambling component 354 may use a scrambling sequence generated based on a pseudo-random offset value to scramble the codewords, as described in 3GPP TS 36.211 for 5G NR (e.g., for PUCCH or PUSCH). In this example, the scrambling component 354 may scramble the codewords for providing to a modulation mapper, layer mapper, transform precoder, precoding operation, resource element mapper, signal generator (e.g., single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) signal generator), etc., for generating a baseband signal for transmission that includes the scrambled codewords or is based on the scrambled codewords.

[0086] In method 500, at block 506, the baseband signal may be sent to a network node. In one aspect, the UE communication component 342 (e.g., in conjunction with processor 312, memory 316, transceiver 302, etc.) may send the baseband signal to a network node. For example, the UE communication component 342 may use one or more RF components to send the baseband signal, as described herein. For example, the UE communication component 342 may send the baseband signal over the corresponding resources (e.g., time resources and / or frequency resources) allocated for the wireless communication channel.

[0087] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating an example of method 600 for descrambling wireless communications using a scrambling sequence based on an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, according to aspects described herein. In one example, base station 102 or UE 104 may use one or more of the components described in Figure 1 and Figure 4 to perform the functions described in method 600.

[0088] In method 600, at block 602, a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel may be received from a UE. In one aspect, the BS communication component 442 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, etc.) may receive a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel from a UE. For example, the BS communication component 442 may use one or more RF components to receive the baseband signal as described herein. For example, the BS communication component 442 may receive the baseband signal via corresponding resources (e.g., time resources and / or frequency resources) assigned to the UE (and / or other UEs in a multi-access) for the wireless communication channel.

[0089] In method 600, optionally at block 604, a scrambling sequence may be generated using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value. In one aspect, the sequence generation component 452 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, the BS communication component 442, etc.) may generate a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value. In one example, the initial seed may also be a pseudo-random value. For example, the sequence generation component 452 may generate a scrambling sequence using the same function, initial seed, pseudo-random offset value, etc. as the sequence generation component 352 as described above. For example, the sequence generation component 452 may use an offset value that is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with a network node, the RNTI of the UE (which may be assigned to the UE 104 by the network node in some examples), a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the wireless communication channel, or a time slot index of a time slot associated with the wireless communication channel, as described.

[0090] Similarly, in one example, the sequence generation component 452 may also determine to use a pseudo-random offset value instead of a fixed offset value to generate a scrambling sequence based on one or more other parameters (such as in the case where the network node is providing access to the NTN to the UE 104).

[0091] In method 600, at block 606, the scrambling sequence may be used to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal. In one aspect, the descrambling component 454 (e.g., in conjunction with the processor 412, the memory 416, the transceiver 402, the BS communication component 442, etc.) may use the scrambling sequence to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal. For example, the descrambling component 454 may use a scrambling sequence generated based on a pseudo-random offset value to descramble the codewords as described in 3GPP TS36.211 for 5G NR (e.g., for PUCCH or PUSCH). In this example, the descrambling component 454 may descramble the codewords from the output of one or more demappers or demapping components for providing to an upper layer for processing (e.g., from the physical layer to the media access control layer, etc.).

[0092] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a MIMO communication system 700 that includes a base station 102 and a UE 104. The MIMO communication system 700 may illustrate aspects of the wireless communication access network 100 described with reference to Figure 1 The base station 102 may be an example of aspects of the base station 102 described with reference to Figure 1 The base station 102 may be equipped with antennas 734 and 735, and the UE 104 may be equipped with antennas 752 and 753. In the MIMO communication system 700, the base station 102 may be capable of transmitting data simultaneously over multiple communication links. Each communication link may be referred to as a "layer", and the "rank" of a communication link may indicate the number of layers used for communication. For example, in a 2x2 MIMO communication system in which the base station 102 transmits two "layers", the rank of the communication link between the base station 102 and the UE 104 is two.

[0093] At the base station 102, a transmit (Tx) processor 720 may receive data from a data source. The transmit processor 720 may process the data. The transmit processor 720 may also generate control symbols or reference symbols. A transmit MIMO processor 730 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, control symbols, or reference symbols (if applicable) and may provide an output symbol stream to transmit modulators / demodulators 732 and 733. Each of the transmit modulators / demodulators 732 to 733 may process (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) the corresponding output symbol stream to obtain an output sample stream. Each of the transmit modulators / demodulators 732 to 733 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a DL signal. In one example, the DL signals from the transmit modulators / demodulators 732 and 733 may be transmitted via antennas 734 and 735, respectively.

[0094] The UE 104 may be a reference to Figure 1 and Figure 3Examples of aspects of the described UE 104. At the UE 104, UE antennas 752 and 753 may receive DL signals from the base station 102 and may provide the received signals to modulator / demodulator 754 and modulator / demodulator 755, respectively. Each modulator / demodulator 754 through 755 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, down-convert, and digitize) the respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each modulator / demodulator 754 through 755 may further process (e.g., for OFDM, etc.) the input samples to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 756 may obtain the received symbols from modulator / demodulator 754 and modulator / demodulator 755, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols (if applicable), and provide the detected symbols. The receive (Rx) processor 758 may process (e.g., demodulate, deinterleave, and decode) the detected symbols, thereby providing decoded data for the UE 104 to the data output and providing decoded control information to the processor 780 or the memory 782.

[0095] In some cases, the processor 780 may execute stored instructions to cause the UE communication component 342 (see, e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 3 ) to be instantiated.

[0096] On the uplink (UL), at the UE 104, the transmit processor 764 may receive data from a data source and process it. The transmit processor 764 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals. Symbols from the transmit processor 764 may be pre-coded by the transmit MIMO processor 766 (if applicable), further processed by modulator / demodulator 754 and modulator / demodulator 755 (e.g., for single-carrier FDMA, etc.), and transmitted to the base station 102 according to communication parameters received from the base station 102. At the base station 102, the UL signal from the UE 104 may be received by antennas 734 and 735, processed by modulator / demodulator 732 and modulator / demodulator 733, detected by the MIMO detector 736 (if applicable), and further processed by the receive processor 738. The receive processor 738 may provide the decoded data to the data output and to the processor 740 or the memory 742.

[0097] In some cases, the processor 740 may execute stored instructions to cause the BS communication component 442 (see, e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 4 ) to be instantiated.

[0098] The components of UE 104 may be implemented singly or in unison using one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that are adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the indicated modules may be a component for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the MIMO communication system 700. Similarly, the components of base station 102 may be implemented singly or in unison using one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that are adapted to perform some or all of the applicable functions in hardware. Each of the indicated components may be a component for performing one or more functions related to the operation of the MIMO communication system 700.

[0099] The following aspects are merely illustrative and aspects thereof may be combined with other embodiments or aspects taught herein without limitation.

[0100] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: generating a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with a network node, the RNTI of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with a wireless communication channel, a subframe index of a subframe associated with the wireless communication channel, or a slot index of a slot associated with the wireless communication channel; using the scrambling sequence to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for the wireless communication channel; and transmitting the baseband signal to the network node.

[0101] In aspect 2, the method according to aspect 1 includes where the initial seed is a pseudo-random function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with the network node, the RNTI of the UE, the frame index, the subframe index, or the slot index.

[0102] In aspect 3, the method according to any one of aspects 1 or 2 includes where the initial seed is a fixed value.

[0103] In aspect 4, the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3 includes where the function is a linear function.

[0104] In aspect 5, the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4 includes where the scrambling sequence is a sequence of length 31.

[0105] In aspect 6, the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 5 includes where the UE and the network node communicate using NTN.

[0106] In aspect 7, the method according to aspect 6 includes generating the scrambling sequence based on the pseudo-random offset value based on using the NTN when communicating with the network node.

[0107] In aspect 8, the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 7 includes where the wireless communication channel is one of PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0108] Aspect 9 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, the method including: receiving a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel from a UE; generating a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the network node, an RNTI of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a subframe index of a subframe associated with the wireless communication channel, or a slot index of a slot associated with the wireless communication channel; and using the scrambling sequence to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal.

[0109] In aspect 10, the method according to aspect 9 includes where the initial seed is a pseudo-random function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with the network node, the RNTI of the UE, the frame index, the subframe index, or the slot index.

[0110] In aspect 11, the method according to any one of aspects 9 or 10 includes where the initial seed is a fixed value.

[0111] In aspect 12, the method according to any one of aspects 9 to 11 includes where the function is a linear function.

[0112] In aspect 13, the method according to any one of aspects 9 to 12 includes where the scrambling sequence is a sequence of length 31.

[0113] In aspect 14, the method according to any one of aspects 9 to 13 includes where the UE and the network node communicate using NTN.

[0114] In aspect 15, the method according to aspect 14 includes generating the scrambling sequence based on the pseudo-random offset value based on using the NTN when communicating with the UE.

[0115] In aspect 16, the method according to any one of aspects 9 to 15 includes where the wireless communication channel is one of PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0116] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus including: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operable, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to perform any of the methods according to Aspects 1 to 16.

[0117] Aspect 18 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus including: means for performing any of the methods according to Aspects 1 to 16.

[0118] Aspect 19 is a computer-readable medium including code operable by one or more processors for wireless communication, the code including code for performing any of the methods according to Aspects 1 to 16.

[0119] The above detailed description, presented in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes examples and does not represent the only examples that can be implemented or that fall within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used in this specification means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration" and not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples". The detailed description includes specific details for providing an understanding of the described technology. However, the technology can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0120] Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned in the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, computer-executable code or instructions stored on a computer-readable medium, or any combination thereof.

[0121] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the present disclosure can be implemented or performed using a specially programmed device, such as, but not limited to: a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. While a specially programmed processor can be a microprocessor, in an alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A specially programmed processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0122] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored on or transmitted via a non-transitory computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or code. Other examples and specific implementations fall within the scope and spirit of the present disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above can be implemented using hardware, firmware, hardwiring, software executed by a specially programmed processor, or any combination of these items. The features implementing the functions can also be physically located in different places, including being distributed such that different parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations. Additionally, as used herein, including in the claims, the "or" used in a list of items beginning with "at least one of" indicates a disjunctive list, such that a list of, for example, "at least one of A, B, or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

[0123] Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media, which includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general or special purpose computer. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general or special purpose computer or a general or special purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of the medium. As used herein, disk and optical disk include compact disk (CD), laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disk, where disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical disks use lasers to optically reproduce data. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0124] The previous description of the present disclosure is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, while elements of the described aspects and / or embodiments are described or claimed in the singular, the plural forms are also contemplated unless expressly stated to be limited to the singular. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, all or part of any aspect and / or embodiment can be used with all or part of any other aspect and / or embodiment. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operative, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to: generate a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, wherein the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with a network node, a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the apparatus, a frame index of a frame associated with a wireless communication channel, a sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the wireless communication channel, or a time slot index of a time slot associated with the wireless communication channel; use the scrambling sequence to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for the wireless communication channel; and send the baseband signal to the network node.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the initial seed is a pseudo-random function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with the network node, the RNTI of the apparatus, the frame index, the sub-frame index, or the time slot index.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the initial seed is a fixed value.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the function is a linear function.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the scrambling sequence is a sequence of length 31.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus and the network node communicate using a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the instructions cause the apparatus to generate the scrambling sequence based on the pseudo-random offset value based on using the NTN when communicating with the network node.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wireless communication channel is one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

9. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and operative, when executed by the processor, to cause the apparatus to: receive a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel from a user equipment (UE); generate a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, wherein the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the apparatus, a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, a sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the wireless communication channel, or a time slot index of a time slot associated with the wireless communication channel; and use the scrambling sequence to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the initial seed is a pseudo-random function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with the apparatus, the RNTI of the UE, the frame index, the sub-frame index, or the time slot index.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the initial seed is a fixed value.

12. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the function is a linear function.

13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the scrambling sequence is a sequence of length 31.

14. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the UE and the apparatus communicate using a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the instruction causes the apparatus to generate the scrambling sequence based on the pseudo-random offset value based on using the NTN when communicating with the UE.

16. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the wireless communication channel is one of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH).

17. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: generating a scrambling sequence using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, wherein the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with a network node, the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE, the frame index of a frame associated with the wireless communication channel, the sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the wireless communication channel, or the time slot index of a time slot associated with the wireless communication channel; using the scrambling sequence to scramble one or more codewords as part of generating a baseband signal for the wireless communication channel; and transmitting the baseband signal to the network node.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the initial seed is a pseudo-random function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with the network node, the RNTI of the UE, the frame index, the sub-frame index, or the time slot index.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the initial seed is a fixed value.

20. The method according to claim 17, wherein the function is a linear function.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the scrambling sequence is a sequence of length 31.

22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the UE and the network node communicate using a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

23. The method according to claim 22, wherein generating the scrambling sequence based on the pseudo-random offset value is based on using the NTN when communicating with the network node.

24. A method for wireless communication at a network node, the method comprising: receiving a baseband signal for a wireless communication channel from a user equipment (UE); A scrambling sequence is generated using an initial seed and a pseudo-random offset value, where the pseudo-random offset value is a function of one or more of a cell identifier associated with the network node, a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE, a frame index of a frame associated with the radio communication channel, a sub-frame index of a sub-frame associated with the radio communication channel, or a time slot index of a time slot associated with the radio communication channel; and the scrambling sequence is used to descramble one or more codewords from the baseband signal.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the initial seed is a pseudo-random function of one or more of the cell identifier associated with the network node, the RNTI of the UE, the frame index, the sub-frame index, or the time slot index.

26. The method according to claim 24, wherein the initial seed is a fixed value.

27. The method according to claim 24, wherein the function is a linear function.

28. The method according to claim 24, wherein the scrambling sequence is a sequence of length 31.

29. The method according to claim 24, wherein the UE and the network node communicate using a non-terrestrial network (NTN).

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein generating the scrambling sequence based on the pseudo-random offset value is based on using the NTN when communicating with the UE.

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