3D printing preparation method of fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic-based composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of composite materials, in particular to a 3D printing preparation method of a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic-based composite material. The 3D printing preparation method of the fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic-based composite material comprises the following steps: A) mixing thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles and a pore forming agent to obtain a resin matrix; b) melting and mixing fibers and the resin matrix obtained in the step A), and then extruding and drafting to form a printing wire; c) performing 3D printing on the printing wire rod to obtain a resin blank; and D) embedding the resin blank into high-temperature alloy powder, and then carrying out carbonization and melt siliconizing to obtain the fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic-based composite material part. The ceramic-based composite material is directly prepared by adopting 3D printing and a reaction melting siliconizing method, the high-density composite material can be obtained without a forming mold and multiple times of dipping, the manufacturing efficiency is high, and the cost is low; the method has the advantages of rapidness, near-net property, mature process, high universality and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of composite materials, and particularly to a 3D printing preparation method for fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites. Background Art

[0002] Fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites mainly consist of a matrix of silicide (SiC) reinforced by silicide (SiC) fibers or carbon fibers. SiC ceramic matrix composites have characteristics such as high-temperature stability, excellent mechanical properties and fatigue resistance, good chemical stability, light weight and low density, and are ideal materials for hot-end components of aeroengines.

[0003] Although the use of fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites can significantly improve the performance of aeroengines, they still face challenges such as high cost, difficult processing, complex preparation technology, and long preparation process in aeroengine applications. The preparation process of fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites is complex, involving processes such as fiber arrangement, preform preparation, chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), or reactive melt infiltration (RSI), which affect production efficiency and material property stability, resulting in a significant increase in manufacturing cost and reducing the competitiveness of fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a 3D printing preparation method for fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites. The method of the present invention can obtain a highly dense composite material without a forming mold and multiple impregnations, and has high manufacturing efficiency and low cost.

[0005] The present invention provides a 3D printing preparation method for fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A) Mixing a thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles, and a pore-forming agent to obtain a resin matrix;

[0007] B) Melting and mixing the fibers and the resin matrix obtained in step A), and then extruding and stretching them into printing wires;

[0008] C) Performing 3D printing on the printing wires to obtain a resin blank;

[0009] D) Embedding the resin blank in a superalloy powder, and then performing carbonization and molten silicon infiltration to obtain a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part.

[0010] Preferably, in step A), the mass ratio of the thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles, and the pore-forming agent is preferably 100∶(5 - 20)∶(0.5 - 2.0).

[0011] Preferably, in step A), the thermoplastic phenolic resin is 2123 phenolic resin;

[0012] The particle size of the SiC particles is 100 to 400 mesh.

[0013] Preferably, in step B), the fiber is SiC fiber and / or carbon fiber;

[0014] The length of the fiber is 2 to 5 mm.

[0015] Preferably, in step B), the mass ratio of the resin matrix to the fiber is preferably 100∶(15 - 50).

[0016] Preferably, in step B), in the extrusion and drawing, the process conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 80 to 150 °C, the diameter of the extrusion die orifice is 2 to 10 mm, the extrusion speed is 5 to 20 mm / s, and the drawing rate is 50 to 200 mm / s.

[0017] Preferably, in step B), the diameter of the printing wire is 0.2 to 1.2 mm.

[0018] Preferably, in step C), the printing speed of the 3D printing is 10 to 100 mm / min, and the printing temperature is 90 to 180 °C.

[0019] Preferably, in step D), the particle size of the superalloy powder is 50 to 100 mesh;

[0020] The embedding depth of the resin blank in the superalloy powder is 30 to 80 mm, and the thickness of the superalloy powder around the resin blank is 30 to 80 mm.

[0021] Preferably, in step D), the carbonization and molten silicon infiltration are carried out under the protection of an inert gas;

[0022] The heating rate of the carbonization is 2 to 5 °C / min, the target temperature is 800 to 900 °C, and the holding time is 10 to 50 min;

[0023] The heating rate of the molten silicon infiltration is 2 to 5 °C / min, the target temperature is 1450 to 1550 °C, and the holding time is 20 to 60 min.

[0024] The preparation method provided by the present invention first mixes a thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles and a pore-forming agent to obtain a resin matrix; melts and mixes fibers and the resin matrix obtained in step A), and then extrudes and draws them into printing wires; then performs 3D printing on the printing wires to obtain a resin blank; thereafter, buries the resin blank in a superalloy powder, and then performs carbonization and molten silicon infiltration to obtain a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part. The present invention directly prepares a ceramic matrix composite by 3D printing and reactive melt infiltration of silicon, and can obtain a highly dense composite without a forming mold and multiple impregnations, with high manufacturing efficiency and low cost; it has the advantages of being fast, near-net, mature in process, and strong in universality. Specific Embodiments

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used in the specification of this application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0026] In this article, among the technical features described in an open-ended manner, a closed technical solution composed of the listed features is included, and an open technical solution including the listed features is also included.

[0027] The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0028] In this article, regarding a numerical range, unless otherwise specified, the above numerical range is considered continuous and includes the minimum value and the maximum value of this range, as well as each value between such minimum value and maximum value. Further, when the range refers to an integer, each integer between the minimum value and the maximum value of this range is included. In addition, when multiple ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, all ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges subsumed therein.

[0029] In this article, regarding the unit of a data range, if only the unit is attached after the right endpoint, it means that the units of the left endpoint and the right endpoint are the same. For example, 100 - 400 mesh means that the units of the left endpoint "100" and the right endpoint "400" are both mesh.

[0030] The present invention provides a 3D printing preparation method for a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite, comprising the following steps:

[0031] A) Mix a thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles and a pore-forming agent to obtain a resin matrix;

[0032] B) Melt and mix fibers and the resin matrix obtained in step A), and then extrude and draw them into printing wires;

[0033] C) 3D print the printing wire material to obtain a resin blank body;

[0034] D) Bury the resin blank body in a superalloy powder, and then perform carbonization and molten silicon infiltration to obtain a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part.

[0035] [Regarding step A]:

[0036] A) Mix a thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles, and a pore-forming agent to obtain a resin matrix.

[0037] In the present invention, the thermoplastic phenolic resin is preferably 2123 phenolic resin, and its source is not particularly limited and can be a commercially available product.

[0038] In the present invention, the particle size of the SiC particles (i.e., silicon carbide particles) is preferably 100-400 mesh, and specifically can be 100 mesh, 200 mesh, 300 mesh, 400 mesh. The source of the SiC particles in the present invention is not particularly limited and can be a commercially available product.

[0039] In the present invention, the pore-forming agent is preferably an alcohol resin, more preferably polyethylene glycol. The source of the pore-forming agent in the present invention is not particularly limited and can be a commercially available product.

[0040] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles, and pore-forming agent is preferably 100:(5-20):(0.5-2.0), and specifically can be 100:5:0.5, 100:5:0.8, 100:5:1.0, 100:5:1.5, 100:5:2.0, 100:10:0.5, 100:10:0.8, 100:10:1.0, 100:10:1.5, 100:10:2.0, 100:15:0.5, 100:15:0.8, 100:15:1.0, 100:15:1.5, 100:15:2.0, 100:20:0.5, 100:20:0.8, 100:20:1.0, 100:20:1.5, 100:20:2.0.

[0041] In the present invention, the method of mixing the thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles, and pore-forming agent is not particularly limited, and the above-mentioned materials can be mixed evenly according to the conventional mixing method in the art, such as stirring and mixing. After mixing, a resin matrix is obtained.

[0042] [Regarding step B]:

[0043] B) Melt and mix the fiber and the resin matrix obtained in step A), and then extrude and draw it into a printing wire material.

[0044] In the present invention, the fiber is preferably SiC fiber and / or carbon fiber. There is no special limitation on the source of the fiber in the present invention, and it can be a commercially available product. In the present invention, the length of the fiber is preferably 2 to 5 mm, and specifically can be 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm.

[0045] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the resin matrix to the fiber is preferably 100∶(15 - 50), and specifically can be 100∶15, 100∶20, 100∶25, 100∶30, 100∶35, 100∶40, 100∶45, 100∶50.

[0046] In the present invention, after melt mixing, extrusion drawing is carried out to obtain a printing wire. The diameter of the printing wire is preferably 0.2 to 1.2 mm, and specifically can be 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm. In the present invention, in the extrusion drawing process, the process conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature is preferably 80 to 150 °C, and specifically can be 80 °C, 85 °C, 90 °C, 95 °C, 100 °C, 105 °C, 110 °C, 115 °C, 120 °C, 125 °C, 130 °C, 135 °C, 140 °C, 145 °C, 150 °C. The diameter of the extrusion die orifice is preferably 2 to 10 mm, and specifically can be 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm. The extrusion speed is preferably 5 to 20 mm / s, and specifically can be 5 mm / s, 10 mm / s, 15 mm / s, 20 mm / s. The drawing rate is preferably 50 to 200 mm / s, and specifically can be 50 mm / s, 100 mm / s, 150 mm / s, 200 mm / s. Through the above extrusion drawing, a 3D printing wire is obtained.

[0047] [Regarding step C]:

[0048] C) Conduct 3D printing on the printing wire to obtain a resin blank.

[0049] In the present invention, after obtaining the printing wire in step B), 3D printing is carried out according to the required shape of the part to obtain a resin blank of the part. In the present invention, the printing speed of the 3D printing is preferably 10-100 mm / min, and specifically can be 10 mm / min, 20 mm / min, 30 mm / min, 40 mm / min, 50 mm / min, 60 mm / min, 70 mm / min, 80 mm / min, 90 mm / min, 100 mm / min. In the present invention, the printing temperature of the 3D printing is preferably 90-180 °C, and specifically can be 90 °C, 100 °C, 110 °C, 120 °C, 130 °C, 140 °C, 150 °C, 160 °C, 170 °C, 180 °C.

[0050] [Regarding step D]:

[0051] D) Burry the resin blank in the superalloy powder, and then carry out carbonization and molten silicon infiltration to obtain a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part.

[0052] In the present invention, the type of the superalloy powder is not particularly limited, and conventional superalloy powder can be used. In some embodiments of the present invention, it is GH4169. In the present invention, the particle size of the superalloy powder is preferably 50-100 mesh, and specifically can be 50 mesh, 60 mesh, 70 mesh, 80 mesh, 90 mesh, 100 mesh.

[0053] In the present invention, when burying the resin blank in the superalloy powder, the burial depth is preferably 30-80 mm, and specifically can be 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm; the burial depth means that there is 30-80 mm thick superalloy powder above the top of the resin blank. When burying the resin blank in the superalloy powder, the thickness of the superalloy powder around the resin blank is also preferably controlled to be 30-80 mm, and specifically can be 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, 70 mm, 80 mm; that is, in addition to the burial depth, there is also 30-80 mm of superalloy powder around the resin blank. In the present invention, during the burial process, vibration treatment is preferably adopted to make the superalloy powder as dense as possible. Among them, the vibration frequency is preferably 20-80 times / min, more preferably 50 times / min; the vibration time is preferably 2-10 min, more preferably 5 min.

[0054] In the present invention, after burying the resin blank in the superalloy powder, carbonization and molten silicon infiltration are carried out. The above carbonization and molten silicon infiltration can be carried out in a carbonization furnace.

[0055] In the present invention, the carbonization and molten silicon infiltration are preferably carried out under the protection of an inert gas. Among them, the type of the protective gas is not particularly limited and can be a conventional inert gas in the art, such as nitrogen, argon, etc. In the present invention, the heating rate of the carbonization is preferably 2-5 °C / min, specifically it can be 2 °C / min, 3 °C / min, 4 °C / min, 5 °C / min. The temperature of the carbonization is preferably 800-900 °C, specifically it can be 800 °C, 810 °C, 820 °C, 830 °C, 840 °C, 850 °C, 860 °C, 870 °C, 880 °C, 890 °C, 900 °C. The heat preservation time of the carbonization is preferably 10-50 min, specifically it can be 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min. In the present invention, the molten silicon infiltration is carried out on the basis of carbonization, that is, after the carbonization is completed, the temperature is continuously raised for molten silicon infiltration. The heating rate of the molten silicon infiltration is preferably 2-5 °C / min, specifically it can be 2 °C / min, 3 °C / min, 4 °C / min, 5 °C / min, and more preferably it is the same as the heating rate of the carbonization. The temperature of the molten silicon infiltration is preferably 1450-1550 °C, specifically it can be 1450 °C, 1460 °C, 1470 °C, 1480 °C, 1490 °C, 1500 °C, 1510 °C, 1520 °C, 1530 °C, 1540 °C, 1550 °C. The heat preservation time of the molten silicon infiltration is preferably 20-60 min, specifically it can be 20 min, 30 min, 40 min, 50 min, 60 min. After the above treatment, a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part is obtained.

[0056] In the preparation method provided by the present invention, first, a thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles and a pore-forming agent are mixed to obtain a resin matrix; the fiber and the resin matrix are melt-mixed and then extruded and drawn into a printing wire; then, the printing wire is 3D printed to obtain a resin blank; thereafter, the resin blank is buried in a superalloy powder, and then carbonization and molten silicon infiltration are carried out to obtain a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part. The present invention directly prepares a ceramic matrix composite by 3D printing and reactive molten silicon infiltration methods, and a highly dense composite material can be obtained without a forming mold and multiple impregnations, with high manufacturing efficiency and low cost; it has the advantages of being fast, near-net, mature in process, and strong in universality.

[0057] The test results show that the pore content of the product obtained by the present invention is less than 6%, achieving a highly dense effect. It is proved that while improving the production efficiency, the present invention can obtain a highly dense product. The density is positively correlated with the mechanical properties of the material, and further proves that while improving the efficiency, this method can also ensure the mechanical properties of the material. For example, the composite guide vane prepared by the present invention has passed the bending static assessment, and the bending strength of the composite mechanical property test piece prepared by the present invention is above 280 MPa.

[0058] To further understand the present invention, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with examples. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are only for further explaining the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting the claims of the present invention.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A) Mix 2123 phenolic resin, silicon carbide CF320 particles and polyethylene glycol pore-forming agent evenly according to the mass ratio of 100:5:1.0 to obtain a resin matrix.

[0061] B) Melt-mix the resin matrix and SiC fibers with a length of 5 mm according to the mass ratio of 100:20. The mixing temperature is 100 °C, and then melt-extrude at 90 °C. The diameter of the extrusion die orifice is 2 mm, the extrusion speed is 5 mm / s, and the drawing rate is 100 mm / s to obtain a printed wire with a diameter of 0.2 - 1.2 mm.

[0062] C) Print the resin blank of the guide vane blade body according to the required shape with the printed wire at a printing speed of 30 mm / min and a printing temperature of 100 °C.

[0063] D) Bury the resin blank of the guide vane blade body into 100-mesh GH4169 superalloy powder, and the burial depth and the periphery should have no less than 50 mm of superalloy powder. During the burial process, vibration is used to make the superalloy powder as dense as possible. The vibration frequency is 50 times / min, and the vibration time is 5 min.

[0064] Put the resin blank of the guide vane blade body buried with superalloy powder into a carbonization furnace for carbonization and molten silicon infiltration. Specifically, under the protection of inert gas, heat from room temperature to 850 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min for carbonization for 20 min, and then continue to heat up to 1450 °C for molten silicon infiltration for 30 min to obtain the guide vane blade body of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite.

[0065] Test the density of the obtained product. The results show that its porosity is less than 5%, achieving a high-density effect. The SiC ceramic matrix composite guide vane prepared by this method has passed the bending static assessment.

[0066] Example 2

[0067] A) Mix 2123 phenolic resin, silicon carbide CF320 particles and polyethylene glycol pore-forming agent evenly according to the mass ratio of 100:5:0.8 to obtain a resin matrix.

[0068] B) The resin matrix and carbon fibers with a length of 5 mm are melt - mixed at a mass ratio of 100∶15. The mixing temperature is 100 °C, and then melt - extrusion is carried out at 90 °C. The diameter of the extrusion die orifice is 2 mm, the extrusion speed is 5 mm / s, and the drawing rate is 100 mm / s to obtain a printing wire with a diameter of 0.2 - 1.2 mm.

[0069] C) The printing wire is used to print a green body of a composite material mechanical property test piece according to the required shape. The printing speed is 30 mm / min, and the printing temperature is 100 °C.

[0070] D) The resin green body is buried in 100 - mesh GH4169 superalloy powder, and the burial depth and the surrounding area have no less than 50 mm of superalloy powder. During the burial process, vibration is used to make the superalloy powder as dense as possible. The vibration frequency is 50 times / min, and the vibration time is 5 min.

[0071] The green body of the mechanical property test piece buried with superalloy powder is put into a carbonization furnace for carbonization and molten silicon infiltration. Specifically, under the protection of inert gas, it is heated from room temperature to 850 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min for carbonization for 20 min, and then continuously heated to 1450 °C for molten silicon infiltration for 30 min to obtain a carbon fiber - reinforced SiC ceramic - matrix composite material mechanical property test piece.

[0072] The density of the obtained product is tested. The results show that its porosity is less than 5%, achieving a high - density effect, and the bending strength of the test piece is 383 MPa.

[0073] Example 3

[0074] A) 2123 phenolic resin, silicon carbide CF320 particles and polyethylene glycol pore - forming agent are mixed evenly at a mass ratio of 100∶10∶2.0 to obtain a resin matrix.

[0075] B) The resin matrix and carbon fibers with a length of 5 mm are melt - mixed at a mass ratio of 100∶50. The mixing temperature is 100 °C, and then melt - extrusion is carried out at 90 °C. The diameter of the extrusion die orifice is 2 mm, the extrusion speed is 5 mm / s, and the drawing rate is 100 mm / s to obtain a printing wire with a diameter of 0.2 - 1.2 mm.

[0076] C) The printing wire is used to print a green body of a composite material mechanical property test piece according to the required shape. The printing speed is 10 mm / min, and the printing temperature is 100 °C.

[0077] D) The resin green body is buried in 100 - mesh GH4169 superalloy powder, and the burial depth and the surrounding area have no less than 50 mm of superalloy powder. During the burial process, vibration is used to make the superalloy powder as dense as possible. The vibration frequency is 50 times / min, and the vibration time is 5 min.

[0078] Place the billet of the mechanical property test piece embedded with superalloy powder into a carbonization furnace for carbonization and molten silicon infiltration. Specifically, under the protection of inert gas, heat it from room temperature to 900 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min for carbonization for 20 min, and then continue to heat it to 1450 °C for molten silicon infiltration for 30 min to obtain a mechanical property test piece of carbon fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite.

[0079] Test the density of the obtained product. The results show that its porosity is less than 6%, achieving a high-density effect, and the bending strength of the test piece is 366 MPa.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] A) Mix 2123 phenolic resin, silicon carbide CF320 particles and polyethylene glycol pore-forming agent evenly according to the mass ratio of 100:5:0.5 to obtain a resin matrix.

[0082] B) Melt-mix the resin matrix and carbon fibers with a length of 5 mm according to the mass ratio of 100:30. The mixing temperature is 100 °C, and then melt-extrude at 90 °C. The diameter of the extrusion die orifice is 2 mm, the extrusion speed is 5 mm / s, and the drawing rate is 100 mm / s to obtain a printed wire with a diameter of 0.2 - 1.2 mm.

[0083] C) Print the billet of the composite material mechanical property test piece with the above-mentioned printed wire according to the required shape. The printing speed is 100 mm / min, and the printing temperature is 100 °C.

[0084] D) Embed the resin billet into 100-mesh GH4169 superalloy powder, and the embedding depth and the periphery should have no less than 50 mm of superalloy powder. During the embedding process, vibration is used to make the superalloy powder as dense as possible. The vibration frequency is 50 times / min, and the vibration time is 5 min.

[0085] Place the billet of the mechanical property test piece embedded with superalloy powder into a carbonization furnace for carbonization and molten silicon infiltration. Specifically, under the protection of inert gas, heat it from room temperature to 900 °C at a rate of 5 °C / min for carbonization for 20 min, and then continue to heat it to 1450 °C for molten silicon infiltration for 30 min to obtain a mechanical property test piece of carbon fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite.

[0086] Test the density of the obtained product. The results show that its porosity is less than 5%, achieving a high-density effect, and the bending strength of the test piece is 286 MPa.

[0087] In summary, the pore content of the product obtained by the present invention is less than 6%, achieving a high-density effect. It is proved that while improving the production efficiency, the present invention can obtain a high-density product. The density is positively correlated with the mechanical properties of the material, further proving that this method can ensure the mechanical properties of the material while improving the efficiency. For example, the composite guide vane prepared by the present invention has passed the bending static assessment, and the bending strength of the composite material mechanical property test piece prepared is above 280 MPa.

[0088] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principle and implementation mode of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention, including the best mode, and also enables any person skilled in the art to practice the present invention, including manufacturing and using any device or system, and implementing any combined method. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention patent is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art. If these other embodiments have structural elements similar to the literal description of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements that have no substantial difference from the literal description of the claims, then these other embodiments should also be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A 3D printing preparation method for a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: A) Mix a thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles and a pore-forming agent to obtain a resin matrix; B) Melt and mix the fiber and the resin matrix obtained in step A), and then extrude and draw it into a printing wire; C) Perform 3D printing on the printing wire to obtain a resin green body; D) Burry the resin green body in a superalloy powder, and then carry out carbonization and molten silicon infiltration to obtain a fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite part.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step A), the mass ratio of the thermoplastic phenolic resin, SiC particles and the pore-forming agent is preferably 100∶(5 - 20)∶(0.5 - 2.0).

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step A), the thermoplastic phenolic resin is 2123 phenolic resin; The particle size of the SiC particles is 100 - 400 mesh.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step B), the fiber is SiC fiber and / or carbon fiber; The length of the fiber is 2 - 5 mm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step B), the mass ratio of the resin matrix to the fiber is preferably 100∶(15 - 50).

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step B), in the extrusion and drawing, the process conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 80 - 150°C, the diameter of the extrusion die orifice is 2 - 10 mm, the extrusion speed is 5 - 20 mm / s, and the drawing rate is 50 - 200 mm / s.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step B), the diameter of the printing wire is 0.2 - 1.2 mm.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step C), the printing speed of the 3D printing is 10 - 100 mm / min, and the printing temperature is 90 - 180°C.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step D), the particle size of the superalloy powder is 50 - 100 mesh; The embedding depth of the resin green body in the superalloy powder is 30 - 80 mm, and the thickness of the superalloy powder around the resin green body is 30 - 80 mm.

10. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step D), the carbonization and molten silicon infiltration are carried out under the protection of an inert gas; The heating rate of the carbonization is 2 - 5°C / min, the target temperature is 800 - 900°C, and the holding time is 10 - 50 min; The heating rate of the molten silicon infiltration is 2 - 5°C / min, the target temperature is 1450 - 1550°C, and the holding time is 20 - 60 min.