Multistage circuit power control system based on electric light source

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of circuit power control, in particular to a multistage circuit power control system based on an electric light source. The device comprises a power supply module, a power adjusting module and a detection feedback module. Alternating current is converted into direct current through the power supply module to provide stable direct current for system work, the power adjusting module adjusts the power range of the electric light source through a multi-stage power adjusting circuit, the PWM adjusting circuit is adopted to control the output duty ratio, the power of the electric light source is accurately adjusted and controlled to a specific value, and the power control precision is improved. The detection feedback module monitors current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares the current parameters and the voltage parameters with preset power parameters, and feeds back adjusting signals to the power adjusting module through a closed-loop control algorithm to form closed-loop control, so that the use flexibility and the energy-saving effect of the electric light source are improved, and stable and safe operation of the electric light source is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of circuit power control, and more specifically, to a multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source. Background Art

[0002] In existing electric light source circuits, most of the power control of the light source adopts a single control method, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the power of the light source according to different usage scenarios and requirements. For example, in the home lighting scenario, a lower light intensity is required at night during rest, while a higher light intensity is needed during activities such as reading and working; in the commercial lighting scenario, different light intensities are also required at different times and in different areas.

[0003] Currently, the single power control method cannot accurately meet these diverse needs, and there are also deficiencies in energy conservation, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In order to be able to perform multi-level power control on the electric light source according to actual needs, that is, using a multi-level power adjustment circuit to roughly adjust the power of the electric light source, quickly locate the required power range, and combine with a PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM, improving the flexibility and energy-saving effect of the electric light source. Therefore, we propose a multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in existing electric light source circuits, where most of the power control of the light source adopts a single control method, making it difficult to flexibly adjust the power of the light source according to different usage scenarios and requirements. The single power control method cannot accurately meet these diverse needs, and there are also deficiencies in energy conservation, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In order to be able to perform multi-level power control on the electric light source according to actual needs, that is, using a multi-level power adjustment circuit to roughly adjust the power of the electric light source, quickly locate the required power range, and combine with a PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM, improving the flexibility and energy-saving effect of the electric light source.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source, including a power supply module, a power adjustment module, and a detection and feedback module. The power adjustment module includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit and a PWM fine adjustment unit;

[0006] The power supply module converts alternating current into direct current through a constant voltage rectification circuit. The power regulation module uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the direct current passing through resistor R2 and resistor R3, change the circuit resistance value, and adjust the power range of the electric light source. The PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle to accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value. The detection and feedback module monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, feeds back the adjustment signal to the power regulation module through a closed-loop control algorithm, and sets a protection mechanism according to the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0008] 1. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on the electric light source converts alternating current into direct current through the power supply module to provide stable direct current for the system operation. The power regulation module uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the direct current passing through resistor R2 and resistor R3, change the circuit resistance value, and adjust the power range of the electric light source. The PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle to accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value, realizing hierarchical regulation of the power of the electric light source, quickly positioning to the required power range, and then using the PWM regulation circuit to accurately regulate the power of the electric light source, improving the flexibility and energy-saving effect of the electric light source.

[0009] 2. The detection and feedback module monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, feeds back the adjustment signal to the power regulation module through a closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the power of the electric light source is stable within the preset range, and setting a protection mechanism according to the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters to ensure the stable and safe operation of the electric light source.

[0010] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the power supply module includes a constant voltage rectification circuit, wherein the constant voltage rectification circuit includes a transformer T and a rectifier bridge BG connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T;

[0011] The primary winding of the transformer T is connected to the alternating current AC. One end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to resistor R1 and capacitor C1. The other end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the positive pole of the voltage stabilizing diode VD, capacitor C1 and the other end of capacitor C2. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the negative pole of the voltage stabilizing diode VD and the other end of capacitor C5.

[0012] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further improvement is that converting alternating current into direct current, the periodic direction change of alternating current will cause electronic components to be unable to establish a normal operating point (such as the bias voltage of a triode), while the constant polarity of direct current can ensure the stable transmission and processing of electronic signals, providing a stable current source for the system.

[0013] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the power adjustment module includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit and a PWM fine adjustment unit;

[0014] The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit controls the on / off of relays K1, K2, and K3 using a multi-machine power adjustment circuit, changes the connection mode of resistors R2 and R3 in the circuit, adjusts the circuit resistance value, and performs hierarchical adjustment of the power of the electric light source;

[0015] The PWM fine adjustment unit changes the charging time constant by adjusting the resistance value of the sliding rheostat Rf, and uses a 555 timer to adjust the duty cycle of the output pulse to accurately control the power value of the electric light source.

[0016] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit includes a multi-stage power adjustment circuit. Among them, the multi-stage power adjustment circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3, relays K1, K2, and K3;

[0017] The base of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R4 and one end of resistor R5. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R5 and grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of diode D1 and one end of relay K1. The other end of relay K1 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D1 and one end of resistor R2;

[0018] The base of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R7. The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of resistor R7 and grounded. The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the positive electrode of diode D2 and one end of relay K2. The other end of relay K2 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D2 and the other end of resistor R2;

[0019] The base of transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistor R8 and one end of resistor R9. The emitter of transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of resistor R9 and grounded. The collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the positive electrode of diode D3 and one end of relay K3. The other end of relay K3 is connected to the negative electrode of diode D3 and one end of resistor R3.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above further improvement are as follows: when the load mutates, the coarse adjustment stage can preferentially provide transient power support to avoid voltage dips caused by the response delay of the fine adjustment stage. As the "vanguard" of the multi-stage power regulation circuit, the core value of the hierarchical coarse adjustment lies in solving the bottlenecks of single-stage regulation in aspects such as high-power range, dynamic response, and device stress through "power segmented control". This design is not a simple function superposition, but through topology combination and hierarchical division of labor, it achieves the dual goals of "rapid coverage + precise foundation", provides a stable power foundation for the subsequent fine adjustment stage, and ultimately enables the entire system to achieve an optimal balance in dimensions such as efficiency, reliability, and cost.

[0021] As a further improvement of this technical solution, when the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit switches the relay switch, it adopts a timing control method, first disconnects the previous-stage relay and then closes the next-stage relay to protect and control the relay.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the above further improvement are as follows: when the relay controls an inductive load, the back electromotive force generated instantaneously when disconnecting (which can reach 10 to 50 times the power supply voltage) may form a loop through the non-disconnected previous-stage contacts and break down the insulation. The timing control ensures that after the back electromotive force is discharged through the absorption circuit (such as RC resistor-capacitor, TVS diode), it is then connected to the next-stage circuit, reducing contact impact loss and extending the service life.

[0023] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the PWM fine adjustment unit includes a PWM adjustment circuit. Among them, the PWM adjustment circuit includes a 555 timer, diode D4, diode D5, and potentiometer Rf.

[0024] Pin 7 of the 555 timer is connected to the negative electrode of diode D5, the positive electrode of diode D4, and resistor R10. The other end of resistor R10 is connected to power supply VCC. The positive electrode of diode D5 is connected to one end of potentiometer Rf. The negative electrode of diode D4 is connected to the other end of potentiometer Rf. Pins 6 and 2 of the 555 timer are connected to the sliding end of potentiometer Rf and capacitor C3 in parallel. The other end of capacitor C3 is grounded. Pin 5 of the 555 timer is connected to capacitor C4. The other end of capacitor C4 is connected to pin 1 of the 555 timer and grounded. Pins 4 and 8 of the 555 timer are connected to power supply VCC.

[0025] As a further improvement of this technical solution, when the PWM fine adjustment unit adjusts the duty cycle of the output pulse, it adopts a constant-frequency width modulation method, fixes the frequency of the PWM signal, and then changes the duty cycle.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the above further improvement are as follows: The PWM regulation circuit, based on the energy control idea of "time division", solves the triangular contradiction of "efficiency - precision - response" in power regulation. It realizes efficient energy transfer through the switching mode, precise power control through the linear mapping of the duty cycle, and fast dynamic response through high - frequency pulses, achieving fine regulation of power.

[0027] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the detection and feedback module uses a Hall current sensor in series in the power supply circuit of the electric light source to collect the magnitude of the loop current in real - time and convert the current signal into a voltage signal.

[0028] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the detection and feedback module uses a resistive voltage - dividing sensor, connected in parallel across the electric light source, to collect the voltage signals at both ends.

[0029] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the detection and feedback module compares the collected current parameters and voltage parameters with the threshold parameters. When the threshold range is exceeded, corresponding protection measures are taken, namely over - current protection, over - voltage protection, and under - voltage protection.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the above further improvement are as follows: When the current exceeds the threshold (such as in the case of a short - circuit or an abnormal surge in the load), the power supply is quickly cut off or the current is limited to prevent the PN junction of the power device from being burned out due to overheating, avoid the carbonization of the circuit board traces due to large - current heating, suppress power supply fluctuations, lightning strikes, or surge voltages generated when the switching device is turned off (such as the back - electromotive force when an inductive load is disconnected), and avoid faults such as capacitor breakdown and chip pin breakdown. When the voltage is lower than the threshold (such as insufficient battery power or grid voltage drop), the load is timely cut off or an alarm is issued to avoid performance degradation or logical errors of the device due to insufficient voltage.

[0031] In addition to the purposes, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other purposes, features, and advantages. The following will refer to the drawings for a further detailed description of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is the overall flow schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 is the overall detailed flow schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 is the constant - voltage rectification circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 is the multi - stage power regulation circuit diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 is the PWM regulation circuit diagram of the present invention.

[0037] The meanings of the reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0038] 100, power supply module; 200, power adjustment module; 210, hierarchical coarse adjustment unit; 220, PWM fine adjustment unit; 300, detection and feedback module. Specific embodiments

[0039] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Currently, in existing electric light source circuits, most of the power control of light sources adopts a single control method, which is difficult to flexibly adjust the power of the light source according to different usage scenarios and requirements. The single power control method cannot accurately meet these diverse needs, and there are also deficiencies in energy conservation, resulting in unnecessary energy waste. In order to be able to perform multi-level power control on electric light sources according to actual needs, that is, to use a multi-level power adjustment circuit to coarsely adjust the power of the electric light source, quickly locate the required power range, and combine with a PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM, improving the flexibility and energy conservation effect of the use of the electric light source.

[0041] Therefore, the present invention proposes to convert alternating current into direct current through the power supply module to provide stable direct current for the system operation. The power adjustment module uses a multi-level power adjustment circuit to adjust the power range of the electric light source, adopts a PWM adjustment circuit to control the output duty cycle, accurately controls the power of the electric light source to a specific value, and the detection and feedback module monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power adjustment module through a closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control.

[0042] Specifically as follows:

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source, including a power supply module 100, a power adjustment module 200, and a detection and feedback module 300. The power adjustment module 200 includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 and a PWM fine adjustment unit 220;

[0044] The power supply module 100 converts alternating current into direct current through a constant-voltage rectification circuit. The power regulation module 200 uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the direct current passing through resistors R2 and R3, change the circuit resistance value, and adjust the power range of the electric light source. It uses a PWM regulation circuit to control the output duty cycle and accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value. The detection and feedback module 300 monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, feeds the adjustment signal back to the power regulation module 200 through a closed-loop control algorithm, and sets a protection mechanism according to the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters.

[0045] As Figure 3 shown, the power supply module 100 includes a constant-voltage rectification circuit. Among them, the constant-voltage rectification circuit includes a transformer T and a rectifier bridge BG connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T;

[0046] The primary winding of the transformer T is connected to the alternating current AC. One end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1. The other end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the positive pole of the voltage regulator diode VD, the capacitor C1, and the other end of the capacitor C2. The other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative pole of the voltage regulator diode VD and the other end of the capacitor C5.

[0047] In this circuit, the rectifier bridge BG converts the alternating current into pulsating direct current, which is smoothed and filtered by the capacitors C1 and C2, and then the constant-voltage direct current is output by the voltage regulator diode VD to provide stable direct current for the system operation.

[0048] As Figure 2 shown, among them, the power regulation module 200 includes a hierarchical coarse-tuning unit 210 and a PWM fine-tuning unit 220;

[0049] The hierarchical coarse-tuning unit 210 controls the on and off of the relays K1, K2, and K3 using a multi-machine power regulation circuit, changes the connection method of the resistors R2 and R3 in the circuit, adjusts the circuit resistance value, and performs hierarchical regulation on the power of the electric light source;

[0050] The PWM fine-tuning unit 220 adjusts the power value of the electric light source accurately by adjusting the resistance value of the sliding rheostat Rf, changing the charging time constant, and using a 555 timer to adjust the duty cycle of the output pulse.

[0051] In order to better perform hierarchical regulation on the power, among them, as Figure 4 shown, the hierarchical coarse-tuning unit 210 includes a multi-stage power regulation circuit. Among them, the multi-stage power regulation circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2, and Q3, relays K1, K2, and K3;

[0052] One end of resistor R4 is connected to the base of transistor Q1, and one end of resistor R5 is also connected to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of resistor R5 and is grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of diode D1 and one end of relay K1. The other end of relay K1 is connected to the cathode of diode D1 and one end of resistor R2.

[0053] One end of resistor R6 is connected to the base of transistor Q2, and one end of resistor R7 is also connected to the base of transistor Q2. The emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of resistor R7 and is grounded. The collector of transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of diode D2 and one end of relay K2. The other end of relay K2 is connected to the cathode of diode D2 and the other end of resistor R2.

[0054] One end of resistor R8 is connected to the base of transistor Q3, and one end of resistor R9 is also connected to the base of transistor Q3. The emitter of transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of resistor R9 and is grounded. The collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of diode D3 and one end of relay K3. The other end of relay K3 is connected to the cathode of diode D3 and one end of resistor R3.

[0055] In this circuit, in the initial state: relays K1, K2, and K3 are all in the off state. At this time, there is no current passing through the circuit, and the electric light source does not work.

[0056] First - stage power: Close the control switch to energize the coil of relay K1, and the normally - open contact of K1 closes. At this time, direct current starts from the positive pole of the power supply, passes through the normally - open contact of relay K1, resistor R2, the normally - closed contact of relay K2, the normally - open contact of relay K3, and finally reaches the electric light source and then returns to the negative pole of the power supply. Due to the existence of resistor R2, part of the voltage is shared, so that the current passing through the electric light source is small, and the electric light source emits light at a low power.

[0057] Second - stage power: Keep relay K1 in the closed state, control the coil of relay K2 to be energized, the normally - open contact of relay K2 closes, and the normally - closed contact opens. At this time, resistor R2 is short - circuited. Direct current starts from the positive pole of the power supply, passes through the normally - open contact of relay K1 and the normally - open contact of relay K2, directly reaches the electric light source, and then returns to the negative pole of the power supply. The resistance in the circuit decreases, the current increases, and the electric light source emits light at a medium power.

[0058] Third-level power: On the basis that relay K1 and relay K2 are closed, control the coil of relay K3 to be energized, and the normally open contact of relay K3 closes. At this time, resistor R3 is also connected to the circuit and is in parallel with resistor R2 (actually, resistor R2 is short-circuited and only R3 works). The total resistance of the circuit further decreases. According to Ohm's law, the current further increases, and the electric light source emits light at a higher power. By controlling the on-off states of different combinations of the three relays, the path of the direct current passing through resistor R2 and resistor R3 is changed, realizing multi-level adjustment of the power range of the electric light source.

[0059] In order to better protect and control the relay, among them, when the hierarchical coarse adjustment unit 210 switches the relay switch, it adopts the time sequence control method, first disconnects the previous-stage relay and then closes the next-stage relay to protect and control the relay;

[0060] The previous-stage relay K1 controls the 100V power supply, and the subsequent-stage K2 controls the 200V power supply. If K2 closes when the contact of K1 is not disconnected, the 100V and 200V power supplies are short-circuited through the contact circuit, generating an impact of 10 times the rated current (for example, a 10A system instantaneously generates a 100A current). In the light case, the contact is burned out, and in the heavy case, the power supply explodes;

[0061] When the relay is disconnected, an arc will be generated between the contacts (lasting about 10ms to 50ms). "Disconnect first and then close" ensures that the arc is extinguished before closing the next stage, avoiding phase-to-phase short circuit caused by arc bridging.

[0062] As Figure 5 shown, among them, the PWM fine adjustment unit 220 includes a PWM adjustment circuit. Among them, the PWM adjustment circuit includes a 555 timer, diode D4, diode D5, and a sliding rheostat Rf;

[0063] Pin 7 of the 555 timer is connected to the negative pole of diode D5, the positive pole of diode D4, and resistor R10. The other end of resistor R10 is connected to the power supply VCC. The positive pole of diode D5 is connected to one end of the sliding rheostat Rf. The negative pole of diode D4 is connected to the other end of the sliding rheostat Rf. Pin 6 and pin 2 of the 555 timer are connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat Rf and are connected to capacitor C3. The other end of capacitor C3 is grounded. Pin 5 of the 555 timer is connected to capacitor C4. The other end of capacitor C4 is connected to pin 1 of the 555 timer and is grounded. Pins 4 and 8 of the 555 timer are connected to the power supply VCC.

[0064] In this circuit, when receiving a control signal, the output terminal (pin 3) of the 555 timer is initially at a low level. The capacitor C3 is charged and discharged through the resistor R10, a part of the sliding rheostat Rf, the diode D4, and the diode D5. The charging and discharging time constants determine the width of the output pulse. When the capacitor C3 is charged to the threshold voltage (about 2 / 3 of the power supply voltage), the output of the 555 timer becomes low. When the capacitor C3 is discharged to the trigger level (about 1 / 3 of the power supply voltage), the output becomes high. By adjusting the resistance value of the sliding rheostat Rf, the charging time constant is changed, thereby adjusting the duty cycle of the output pulse, and further finely regulating the power of the power supply for use.

[0065] To avoid the light source from flickering due to frequency changes during the adjustment of the load power, among them, when the PWM fine-tuning unit 220 adjusts the duty cycle of the output pulse, it adopts the constant-frequency width modulation method, fixes the frequency of the PWM signal, and then changes the duty cycle;

[0066] Constant-frequency width modulation means fixing the frequency of the PWM signal and changing the average power of the load by adjusting the pulse width (duty cycle). During the process of adjusting the load power, the frequency remains unchanged, avoiding the light source from flickering due to frequency fluctuations. Its core logic is: within a fixed period T, by changing the duration of the high level, the duty cycle is adjusted, and then the adjustment of the load power is realized. The period T of the entire PWM signal is always constant, ensuring the frequency stability;

[0067] A crystal oscillator or a high-precision RC oscillation circuit is used to generate a stable clock signal to provide a reference frequency for the generation of the PWM signal. The duty cycle is adjusted through a digital potentiometer, an analog switch, or the PWM output module of a microcontroller. Taking the digital potentiometer as an example, the microcontroller calculates the corresponding resistance value according to the power required by the load, controls the digital potentiometer to adjust the resistance value, changes the duration of the high level of the PWM signal, receives the PWM signal after constant-frequency width modulation, drives the power device, and controls the on-off time of the load to achieve power adjustment.

[0068] To be able to better collect the current parameters of the power light source, among them, the detection and feedback module 300 uses a Hall current sensor connected in series in the power supply circuit of the power light source to collect the magnitude of the loop current in real time and convert the current signal into a voltage signal;

[0069] Based on the magnetoelectric conversion principle (Hall effect), the Hall sensor does not need to directly contact the current loop, realizes the electrical isolation between the measurement circuit and the main loop (the isolation voltage can reach thousands of volts), avoids the measurement end from being damaged due to high-voltage electric shock, and is especially suitable for LED drive power supplies. After collecting the current signal in real time, it can be compared with the threshold to trigger protection (such as overcurrent cut-off as described above), and the response time can reach the microsecond level, preventing the light source from surging current caused by short circuit or drive circuit failure.

[0070] In order to better collect the voltage parameters of the electric light source, the detection and feedback module 300 uses a resistive voltage divider sensor, which is connected in parallel across the electric light source to collect the voltage signals at both ends;

[0071] The resistive voltage divider circuit is composed of two high-precision resistors connected in parallel across the light source. By using the series voltage division formula, the high-voltage signal is scaled down proportionally to a low-voltage signal (such as dividing 220V down to 0 to 5V). Sampling can be performed without disconnecting the circuit, which has no impact on the working state of the light source. With its extremely simple hardware structure and low-cost advantage, the resistive voltage divider sensor has become the preferred solution for voltage monitoring in medium and small power light source systems.

[0072] In order to better protect the electric light source, the detection and feedback module 300 compares the collected current parameters and voltage parameters with the threshold parameters. When the parameters exceed the threshold range, corresponding protection measures are taken, namely overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and undervoltage protection;

[0073] Overcurrent protection: When the current parameter I collected by the detection module exceeds the preset overcurrent threshold Imax, the overcurrent protection mechanism is immediately triggered. First, an emergency signal is sent to the control chip, and the control chip stops sending adjustment signals to the power regulation module and outputs a shutdown signal, causing the power device in the power regulation module 200 to disconnect, cutting off the power supply circuit of the electric light source, avoiding damage to the light source or circuit components due to overcurrent. At the same time, an overcurrent alarm prompt is issued through an alarm device (such as a buzzer, indicator light);

[0074] Overvoltage protection: If the voltage parameter U collected by the voltage sensor is higher than the preset overvoltage threshold Umax, overvoltage protection is activated. The control chip controls the power regulation module 200 to reduce the input voltage. If the voltage still does not drop to the safe range within a certain time, the power supply circuit is cut off and an alarm is triggered to prevent the electric light source from being burned out due to overvoltage;

[0075] Undervoltage protection: When the detected voltage parameter U is lower than the preset undervoltage threshold Umin, it indicates that the supply voltage is insufficient, which may affect the normal operation of the electric light source. At this time, the power regulation module 200 is controlled to stop working, avoiding the shortening of the light source life caused by long-term operation at low voltage, and at the same time, an undervoltage alarm signal is issued.

[0076] In summary, the working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0077] The multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source converts alternating current into direct current through a power supply module 100 to provide stable direct current for the operation of the system. The power adjustment module 200 uses a multi-stage power adjustment circuit to change the path of the direct current passing through resistor R2 and resistor R3, change the circuit resistance value, adjust the power range of the electric light source, and uses a PWM adjustment circuit to control the output duty cycle, accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value, realize the hierarchical adjustment of the power of the electric light source, quickly locate to the required power range, and then use the PWM adjustment circuit to accurately control the power of the electric light source, improving the flexibility and energy-saving effect of the electric light source;

[0078] The detection and feedback module 300 monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, and feeds back the adjustment signal to the power adjustment module 200 through a closed-loop control algorithm to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the power of the electric light source is stable within the preset range, and setting a protection mechanism according to the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters to ensure the stable and safe operation of the electric light source.

[0079] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and the descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi - stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source, characterized in that: It includes a power supply module (100), a power regulation module (200) and a detection and feedback module (300), and the power regulation module (200) includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) and a PWM fine adjustment unit (220); The power supply module (100) converts alternating current into direct current through a constant voltage rectification circuit. The power regulation module (200) uses a multi-stage power regulation circuit to change the path of the direct current passing through resistors R2 and R3, change the circuit resistance value, and adjust the power range of the electric light source. The PWM regulation circuit is used to control the output duty cycle to accurately regulate the power of the electric light source to a specific value. The detection and feedback module (300) monitors the current parameters and voltage parameters of the electric light source in real time, compares them with the preset power parameters, feeds the adjustment signal back to the power regulation module (200) through a closed-loop control algorithm, and sets a protection mechanism according to the monitored current parameters and voltage parameters.

2. The multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power supply module (100) includes a constant voltage rectification circuit. Among them, the constant voltage rectification circuit includes a transformer T and a rectifier bridge BG connected to the secondary winding of the transformer T; The primary winding of the transformer T is connected to the alternating current AC. One end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1. The other end of the rectifier bridge BG is connected to the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode VD, the capacitor C1 and the other end of the capacitor C2. The other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing diode VD and the other end of the capacitor C5.

3. The multi - level circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 1, wherein: The power regulation module (200) includes a hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) and a PWM fine adjustment unit (220); The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) uses a multi-machine power regulation circuit to control the on-off of the relays K1, K2 and K3, changes the connection mode of the resistors R2 and R3 in the circuit, adjusts the circuit resistance value, and performs hierarchical adjustment on the power of the electric light source; The PWM fine adjustment unit (220) changes the charging time constant by adjusting the resistance value of the sliding rheostat Rf, and uses a 555 timer to adjust the duty cycle of the output pulse to accurately regulate the power value of the electric light source.

4. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 3, wherein: The hierarchical coarse adjustment unit (210) includes a multi-stage power regulation circuit. Among them, the multi-stage power regulation circuit includes transistors Q1, Q2 and Q3, relays K1, K2 and K3; The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R4 and one end of the resistor R5. The emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R5 and grounded. The collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1 and one end of the relay K1. The other end of the relay K1 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D1 and one end of the resistor R2; The base of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R6 and one end of the resistor R7. The emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R7 and grounded. The collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D2 and one end of the relay K2. The other end of the relay K2 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D2 and the other end of the resistor R2; The base of the triode Q3 is connected to one end of the resistor R8 and one end of the resistor R9. The emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R9 and grounded. The collector of the triode Q3 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D3 and one end of the relay K3. The other end of the relay K3 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D3 and one end of the resistor R3.

5. The multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the grading coarse adjustment unit (210) switches the relay switch, it adopts the timing control method, first disconnects the previous-stage relay and then closes the next-stage relay to protect and control the relay.

6. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 3, characterized in that: The PWM fine adjustment unit (220) includes a PWM adjustment circuit. Among them, the PWM adjustment circuit includes a 555 timer, a diode D4, a diode D5, and a sliding rheostat Rf. The 7th pin of the 555 timer is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D5, the positive electrode of the diode D4, and the resistor R10. The other end of the resistor R10 is connected to the power supply VCC. The positive electrode of the diode D5 is connected to one end of the sliding rheostat Rf. The negative electrode of the diode D4 is connected to the other end of the sliding rheostat Rf. The 6th pin and the 2nd pin of the 555 timer are connected to the sliding end of the sliding rheostat Rf and connected to the capacitor C3. The other end of the capacitor C3 is grounded. The 5th pin of the 555 timer is connected to the capacitor C4. The other end of the capacitor C4 is connected to the 1st pin of the 555 timer and grounded. The 4th pin and the 8th pin of the 555 timer are connected to the power supply VCC.

7. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the PWM fine adjustment unit (220) adjusts the duty cycle of the output pulse, it adopts the constant-frequency width modulation method, fixes the frequency of the PWM signal, and then changes the duty cycle.

8. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 1, wherein: The detection and feedback module (300) uses a Hall current sensor in series in the power supply circuit of the electric light source to collect the magnitude of the loop current in real time and convert the current signal into a voltage signal.

9. The multi-level circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 1, wherein: The detection and feedback module (300) uses a resistive voltage-dividing sensor in parallel across the electric light source to collect the voltage signals at both ends.

10. The multi-stage circuit power control system based on an electric light source according to claim 1, wherein: The detection and feedback module (300) compares the collected current parameters and voltage parameters with the threshold parameters. When the threshold range is exceeded, corresponding protection measures are adopted, namely overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and undervoltage protection.

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