Display device and mobile electronic device

Abstract

The invention relates to a display device and a mobile electronic device. The display device includes: a display panel including a display layer and a touch layer; and a touch driving circuit connected to the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes of the touch layer. The touch driving circuit is to: determine a plurality of frequencies of a plurality of touch driving signals to be supplied to a plurality of first electrodes; assigning the plurality of frequencies to the plurality of touch driving signals in an ascending order; determining a first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals while sequentially changing a plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize an accumulated value of PAPR; minimizing an accumulated value of PAPR by sequentially changing a first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals and updating a plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the first phase to a second phase; and outputting the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the second phase respectively allocated to the plurality of touch driving signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a display device and a mobile electronic device including the display device. Background Art

[0002] The display device may be a flat panel display device, such as a liquid crystal display device, a field emission display device, or an organic light emitting display device. Among flat panel display devices, a self-emitting display device may display an image without using a backlight unit that provides light to a display panel, since each pixel of the display panel includes one or more light emitting elements that can emit light by themselves.

[0003] The display device may include a touch sensing device as an input device for recognizing a touch input. The touch sensing device may determine, in a capacitive manner, whether a user's touch input has occurred, and may calculate a region (e.g., touch input coordinates) in which the touch input is sensed.

[0004] The above information disclosed in this background art section is for enhancing an understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and thus, it may include information that does not constitute the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present disclosure may relate to a display device and a mobile electronic device including the display device that can reduce a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value, where the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value indicates a noise impact of a touch driving signal for driving a touch sensing device on a display unit (e.g., a display layer) for displaying an image.

[0006] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device includes: a display panel including a display layer configured to display an image and a touch layer on the display layer; and a touch driving circuit connected to a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes of the touch layer. The touch driving circuit is configured to: determine a plurality of frequencies of a plurality of touch driving signals to be supplied to the plurality of first electrodes; assign the plurality of frequencies to the plurality of touch driving signals in ascending order; while sequentially changing a plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals, determine a first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize an accumulated value of a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR); update the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the first phase to a second phase by sequentially changing the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize the accumulated value of the PAPR; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the second phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

[0007] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may further be configured to: update the phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from a second phase to a third phase by sequentially changing the second phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, so as to minimize the cumulative value of the PAPR; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the third phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

[0008] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: repeatedly execute the operation of sequentially changing the phases of the plurality of touch driving signals a specified number of times, so as to minimize the cumulative value of the PAPR.

[0009] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0010] T_sig i = Acos(2πf i t + θ i )

[0011] determine the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, where Tx_sig i may be the i-th touch driving signal, and "θ i " may be the phase of the i-th touch driving signal.

[0012] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0013]

[0014] determine the cumulative value of the PAPR, where "sum_sig" may be the cumulative value of the PAPR.

[0015] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: determine the plurality of orthogonal codes of the plurality of touch driving signals; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the determined plurality of orthogonal codes.

[0016] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: include the plurality of orthogonal codes in the plurality of touch driving signals; in each of the plurality of touch driving signals, add guard periods between the plurality of periods where the plurality of symbols of the plurality of orthogonal codes are transmitted; and output a smoothing signal to which a specified roll-off factor can be applied in the added guard periods.

[0017] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: generate a cyclic suffix signal attached to the rear part of the original signal by copying a first signal corresponding to a first symbol of the original signal and applying a roll-off factor to the copied first signal, where the original signal includes a plurality of symbols of a plurality of orthogonal codes; and generate a cyclic prefix signal attached to the front part of the original signal by copying a second signal corresponding to the last symbol of the original signal and applying a roll-off factor to the copied second signal.

[0018] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0019] T s = T B + 2T G

[0020] determine the total length of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, where "T S " may be the total length of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, "T B " may be the length of the original signal, and "T G " may be the length of the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal.

[0021] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0022]

[0023] generate a cyclic suffix signal or a cyclic prefix signal, where "T" may be the total length of the smoothing signal, and "β" may be the roll-off factor.

[0024] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a mobile electronic device includes: a display panel including a display layer configured to display an image and a touch layer on the display layer; and a touch driving circuit connected to a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes of the touch layer. The touch driving circuit is configured to: determine a plurality of frequencies of a plurality of touch driving signals to be supplied to the plurality of first electrodes; assign the plurality of frequencies to the plurality of touch driving signals in ascending order; while sequentially changing a plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals, determine a first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize the cumulative value of the PAPR; update the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the first phase to a second phase by sequentially changing the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize the cumulative value of the PAPR; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the second phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

[0025] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may further be configured to: update multiple phases of multiple touch driving signals from a second phase to a third phase by sequentially changing a second phase of each of the multiple touch driving signals, so as to minimize a cumulative value of PAPR; and output the multiple touch driving signals based on multiple frequencies and the third phase respectively assigned to the multiple touch driving signals.

[0026] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: repeatedly perform an operation of sequentially changing multiple phases of multiple touch driving signals a specified number of times, so as to minimize the cumulative value of PAPR.

[0027] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0028] Tx_sig i =Acos(2πf i t+θ i )

[0029] determine a first phase of each of the multiple touch driving signals, where Tx_sig i may be the i-th touch driving signal, and "θ i " may be the phase of the i-th touch driving signal.

[0030] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0031]

[0032] determine the cumulative value of PAPR, where "sum_sig" may be the cumulative value of PAPR.

[0033] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: determine multiple orthogonal codes of multiple touch driving signals; and output the multiple touch driving signals based on the determined multiple orthogonal codes.

[0034] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: include multiple orthogonal codes in multiple touch driving signals; in each of the multiple touch driving signals, add guard periods between multiple periods where multiple symbols of the multiple orthogonal codes are transmitted; and output a smoothing signal to which a specified roll-off factor may be applied in the added guard periods.

[0035] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: generate a cyclic suffix signal attached to the rear of the original signal by copying a first signal corresponding to a first symbol of the original signal and applying a roll-off factor to the copied first signal, the original signal including a plurality of symbols of a plurality of orthogonal codes; and generate a cyclic prefix signal attached to the front of the original signal by copying a second signal corresponding to the last symbol of the original signal and applying a roll-off factor to the copied second signal.

[0036] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0037] T s =T B +2T G

[0038] determine the total length of each of a plurality of touch driving signals, wherein, "T S " may be the total length of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, "T B " may be the length of the original signal, and "T G " may be the length of the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal.

[0039] In an embodiment, the touch driving circuit may be configured to: according to

[0040]

[0041] generate a cyclic suffix signal or a cyclic prefix signal, wherein, "T" may be the total length of the smoothing signal, and "β" may be the roll-off factor.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device and a mobile electronic device including the display device may be provided. In the display device and the mobile electronic device including the display device, it may be possible to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value, and the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value is the noise influence of the touch driving signal on a display unit for displaying an image.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by including a guard period between periods in which symbols of an orthogonal code are transmitted in each of the touch driving signals and outputting a smoothing signal to which a specified roll-off factor is applied in the guard period, it may be possible to prevent signal spreading into the frequency domain, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) characteristics may be improved.

[0044] However, aspects and features of the present disclosure are not limited to the aspects and features set forth above, and the above and other aspects and features will be partially described in the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in part, may be apparent therefrom, or may be learned by practicing one or more of the presented embodiments of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of exemplary, non - limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0046] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0047] Figure 2 is a schematic cross - sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0048] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a display unit and a touch driving unit according to an embodiment;

[0049] Figure 4 is a schematic plan view showing a display unit of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0050] Figure 5 is a plan view showing a touch unit of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0051] Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged view of region A1 of

[0052] Figure 7 is an enlarged view showing a part of a display device according to an embodiment;

[0053] Figure 8 is a cross - sectional view of a display device taken along line I - I' of Figure 7 according to an embodiment;

[0054] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram showing components of a touch unit and a touch driving unit according to an embodiment;

[0055] Figure 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of a touch driving unit according to an embodiment;

[0056] Figure 11A and Figure 11B is a flowchart showing the operation of a touch driving unit according to an embodiment;

[0057] Figure 12 is a graph showing an example of the cumulative value of the peak - to - average power ratio (PAPR) value before phase - shifting a touch driving signal according to an embodiment;

[0058] Figure 13 is a graph showing an example of the cumulative value of the PAPR value after phase - shifting a touch driving signal according to an embodiment;

[0059] Figure 14is a conceptual diagram showing a cyclic extension method according to an embodiment;

[0060] Figure 15 shows a graph depicting the variation of a smoothing function according to a roll-off factor;

[0061] Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of a method of applying a cyclic extension and a smoothing function according to an embodiment;

[0062] Figure 17 is a graph comparing the PAPR according to the application of a maximum descent algorithm based on an iteration value;

[0063] Figure 18 is a diagram showing an example of an RX waveform before applying a cyclic extension method according to an embodiment;

[0064] Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of an RX waveform after applying a cyclic extension method according to an embodiment;

[0065] Figure 20 is a diagram showing an example of a touch drive signal to which a smoothing function is not applied;

[0066] Figure 21 is a diagram showing an example of a touch drive signal to which a smoothing function is applied according to an embodiment;

[0067] Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band of a touch drive signal to which a smoothing function is not applied; and

[0068] Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of a frequency band of a touch drive signal to which a smoothing function is applied according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals always refer to like elements. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in various different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments shown herein. Instead, these embodiments are provided as examples so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the aspects and features of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, processes, elements, and techniques that are not necessary for a person of ordinary skill in the art to fully understand the aspects and features of the present disclosure may not be described. Unless otherwise noted, in the entire drawings and the written description, like reference numerals denote like elements, and thus, redundant descriptions thereof may not be repeated.

[0070] When a particular embodiment can be implemented differently, the specific process order can be different from the described order. For example, two consecutively described processes can be executed simultaneously or almost simultaneously, or can be executed in an order opposite to the described order.

[0071] In addition, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, given the entire disclosure, unless otherwise stated or implied, each suitable feature of the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be partially or wholly combined or combined with each other, and can be technically interlocked and operated in various suitable ways, and each embodiment can be implemented independently of each other or in combination with each other in any suitable way.

[0072] In the drawings, for clarity, the relative sizes, thicknesses, and proportions of elements, layers, and regions may be exaggerated and / or simplified. For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "under", "below", "beneath", "underneath", "above", and "on" may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature (multiple elements or features) as shown in the drawings. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings, the spatial relative terms are also intended to cover different orientations of the device during use or operation. For example, if the device in the drawings is flipped, an element described as "under" or "below" or "beneath" other elements or features will then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the example terms "under" and "underneath" can cover both orientations of "above" and "under". The device can be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0073] In the drawings, the x-axis (first direction X), y-axis (second direction Y), and z-axis (third direction Z) are not limited to the three axes of a rectangular coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis (first direction X), y-axis (second direction Y), and z-axis (third direction Z) can be perpendicular to each other or substantially perpendicular to each other, or can represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other.

[0074] It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, the first element, first component, first region, first layer, or first section described below can be referred to as the second element, second component, second region, second layer, or second section.

[0075] It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on", "connected to", or "coupled to" another element or layer, the element or layer can be directly on, directly connected to, or coupled to the other element or layer, or there can be one or more intervening elements or layers. Similarly, when a layer, region, or element is referred to as being "electrically connected" to another layer, region, or element, the layer, region, or element can be directly electrically connected to the other layer, region, or element, and / or can be indirectly electrically connected to one or more intervening layers, regions, or elements between the layer, region, or element and the other layer, region, or element. Further, it will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "between" two elements or layers, the element or layer can be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or there can also be one or more intervening elements or layers.

[0076] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the singular forms "a" and "an" are also intended to include the plural forms. It will also be understood that when used in this specification, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", and "has", "have", "having" specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, the expression "A and / or B" means A, B, or A and B. When preceding / following a list of elements, an expression such as "at least one" modifies the entire list of elements, rather than a single element in the list. For example, the expressions "at least one of a, b, and c" and "at least one selected from the group consisting of a, b, and c" indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variants thereof.

[0077] As used herein, the terms "substantially", "about" and similar terms are used as approximate terms and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent variability in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by a person of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, when describing embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of "may" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure". As used herein, the terms "use / using / used" may be regarded as synonymous with the term "utilize / utilizing / utilized".

[0078] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will also be understood that terms (such as those defined in a general dictionary) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant art and / or the context of this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0079] Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a display device according to an embodiment. Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0080] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Referring to

[0081] The display device 10 may include various suitable electronic devices that provide a display image. For example, the display device 10 may be applied to a portable electronic device, such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a mobile communication terminal, an electronic notebook, an e-book, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, and an ultra-mobile PC (UMPC). For example, the display device 10 may be applied as a display unit (e.g., a display layer) DU of a television, a laptop computer, a monitor, a billboard, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device. For example, the display device 10 may be applied to a wearable device, such as a smart watch, a watch phone, a glasses-type display, and a head-mounted display (HMD).

[0082] Reference Figure 1 , the display device 10 may have a shape similar to a rectangular shape in a plan view. For example, the display device 10 may have a shape having a short side extending in the first direction X and a long side extending in the second direction Y in a plan view. The corners where the short side extending in the first direction X and the long side extending in the second direction Y intersect each other may be rounded with a curvature (e.g., a predetermined curvature) or may be right angles. The shape of the display device 10 in a plan view is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a shape similar to other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, or elliptical shapes.

[0083] At least one of the front surface and the rear surface of the display device 10 may be a display surface. The "front surface" is a surface positioned on one side of a plane and refers to the surface positioned in the third direction Z in the drawing. The "rear surface" is a surface positioned on the other side (e.g., the opposite side) of the said one plane and refers to the surface positioned in the direction opposite to the third direction Z in the drawing. The display device 10 may be a double-sided display device 10 in which display is performed on both the front surface and the rear surface, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and embodiments in which the display surface is positioned on the front surface of the display device 10 will be mainly described in more detail hereinafter.

[0084] The display device 10 includes a display panel 100 for providing a display image, a display driving circuit 200, a circuit board 300, and a touch driving circuit 400.

[0085] The display panel 100 may have a shape similar to a rectangular shape in a plan view. For example, the display panel 100 may have a shape having a short side extending in the first direction X and a long side extending in the second direction Y in a plan view. The corners where the short side extending in the first direction X and the long side extending in the second direction Y intersect each other may be rounded with a curvature (e.g., a predetermined curvature) or may be right angles. The shape of the display panel 100 in a plan view is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a shape similar to other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, or elliptical shapes. In addition, the display panel 100 may also be flexibly formed to be curved or bent.

[0086] The display panel 100 may include a main area MA and a sub-area SBA.

[0087] The main area MA may include a display area DA containing pixels for displaying an image, and a non-display area NDA provided around the display area DA. The display area DA may emit light from a plurality of emission areas or a plurality of opening areas. For example, the display panel 100 may include a pixel circuit containing a switching element, a pixel defining film defining an emission area or an opening area, and a self-luminous element.

[0088] The non-display area NDA may be an area outside the display area DA. The non-display area NDA may be defined as an edge area of the main area MA of the display panel 100. The non-display area NDA may include a gate driver (e.g., the gate driver 210 in Figure 3 ) for supplying a gate signal to the gate lines (e.g., the gate lines GL1 to GLn in Figure 3 ) of the display panel 100.

[0089] The sub-area SBA may extend from one side of the main area MA. The sub-area SBA may be bent to overlap the main area MA in the third direction Z. The sub-area SBA may include the display driving circuit 200 and the pad components connected to the circuit board 300.

[0090] Reference Figure 2 , and also reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 , the display panel 100 includes a display unit (e.g., a display layer) DU and a touch unit (e.g., a touch layer) TSU.

[0091] The display unit DU may include a plurality of pixels PX (e.g., see Figure 3 ). The pixel PX is a basic unit for displaying an image. One pixel PX may include a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The plurality of pixels PX may be alternately arranged in a plan view. For example, the pixels PX may be arranged in a matrix form, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0092] The touch unit TSU may be disposed on the display unit DU, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the touch unit TSU may be formed together with the display unit DU in an in-cell touch manner. The touch unit TSU may include a plurality of touch electrodes SEN (e.g., see Figure 5 ) for capacitively sensing a user's touch, a plurality of touch driving lines TL connecting the plurality of touch electrodes SEN to the touch driving circuit 400, and a plurality of touch sensing lines RL. The touch unit TSU is a layer for sensing a touch input and may be used as a touch member. The touch unit TSU may determine whether a touch input has occurred and may calculate the corresponding position as the touch input coordinates. The display unit DU and the touch unit TSU will be described in more detail below with reference to Figures 4 to 7 .

[0093] The display unit DU and the touch unit TSU may be arranged to overlap each other. For example, the display area DA may be an area for displaying an image and an area for sensing a touch input.

[0094] The sub-region SBA of the display panel 100 can extend from one side of the main region MA. The sub-region SBA can include flexible materials that can be bent, folded, and / or curled. For example, a part of the sub-region SBA can be bent on one side of the main region MA, and another part of the sub-region SBA extending from the bent part of the sub-region SBA can overlap the main region MA in the third direction Z. The sub-region SBA can include a display driving circuit 200 and pad components connected to a circuit board 300.

[0095] Reference Figure 1 , the display driving circuit 200 can be disposed in the sub-region SBA of the display panel 100. In addition, the display driving circuit 200 can be formed as an integrated circuit (IC) and mounted on the display panel 100 in a chip-on-plastic (COP) manner or a chip-on-glass (COG) manner.

[0096] The display driving circuit 200 can output data signals and voltages for driving the display panel 100. The display driving circuit 200 can supply data voltages to the data lines (e.g., Figure 3 the data lines DL1 to DLm in) of the display panel 100. The display driving circuit 200 can supply a source voltage to the power line of the display panel 100 and supply a gate control signal to a gate driver (e.g., Figure 3 the gate driver 210 in).

[0097] The circuit board 300 can be disposed in the sub-region SBA of the display panel 100. The leads of the circuit board 300 can be electrically connected to the pad components of the display panel 100. The circuit board 300 can be a flexible printed circuit board, a printed circuit board, or a flexible film such as a chip-on-film.

[0098] The circuit board 300 can include a plurality of conductive lines for transmitting signals from the main circuit board to the display driving circuit 200, or for electrically connecting the touch driving circuit 400 to the plurality of first electrodes TE and the plurality of second electrodes RE of the touch unit TSU to each other.

[0099] In this article, the first electrode TE can be referred to as a "touch driving electrode" or a "Tx electrode TE", and the second electrode RE can be referred to as a "touch sensing electrode" or an "Rx electrode RE".

[0100] The touch driving circuit 400 can be disposed in the sub-region SBA of the display panel 100. As another example, the touch driving circuit 400 can be mounted on the circuit board 300.

[0101] The touch driving circuit 400 is based on sensing a plurality of touch electrodes (e.g., Figure 5The capacitance change amount between the touch electrodes (SEN) in [the display panel] can determine whether a touch input has occurred and can calculate the touch coordinates. The touch driving circuit 400 can be formed as an integrated circuit (IC) and can be mounted on the display panel 100 in a chip-on-plastic (COP) manner or a chip-on-glass (COG) manner.

[0102] Figure 3 is a conceptual diagram showing a display unit and a touch driving unit according to an embodiment. Figure 4 is a schematic plan view showing a display unit of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0103] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 also refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 The display device 10 includes a display panel 100 including a plurality of pixels PX, a display driving circuit 200, and a touch driving circuit 400. The display driving circuit 200 and the touch driving circuit 400 can operate based on a control signal or a command signal from a host. For example, the host can be a central processing unit or an application processor. According to an embodiment, the touch driving circuit 400 can be controlled by the display driving circuit 200.

[0104] The display driving circuit 200 can include a data driver 230 and a display controller 220. The display controller 220 can be referred to as a "timing controller".

[0105] The display controller 220 can receive input data R, G, and B, and a timing control signal from an external device (e.g., a host). The timing control signal can include a vertical synchronization signal Vsync indicating one frame period, a horizontal synchronization signal Hsync indicating one horizontal period, and a main clock signal MCLK that can be repeated at a suitable cycle period (e.g., a predetermined cycle period). The input data R, G, and B can be RGB data including red image data, green image data, and blue image data. The display controller 220 can use the received input data R, G, and B and the timing control signal to generate output data signals DR, DG, and DB and internal control signals. The internal control signals include a data control signal DCS and a gate control signal GCS.

[0106] The display controller 220 can control the operation of the data driver 230 by providing the data control signal DCS to the data driver 230. The display controller 220 can control the operation of the gate driver 210 by providing the gate control signal GCS to the gate driver 210.

[0107] The data driver 230 may receive output data signals DR, DG, and DB and a data control signal DCS from the display controller 220. The data driver 230 may use the received output data signals DR, DG, and DB and the data control signal DCS to generate data signals. The data driver 230 may provide the generated data signals to the display panel 100. The data driver 230 may provide data signals to a plurality of pixels PX through a plurality of data lines DL1 to DLm formed in the display panel 100, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0108] The gate driver 210 may receive a gate control signal GCS from the display controller 220. The gate driver 210 may use the received gate control signal GCS to generate gate signals. The gate driver 210 may provide the generated gate signals to the display panel 100. The gate driver 210 may provide gate signals to a plurality of pixels PX through a plurality of gate lines GL1 to GLn formed in the display panel 100, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The following will refer to Figure 4 the plurality of data lines DL1 to DLm and the plurality of gate lines GL1 to GLn will be described in more detail.

[0109] Figure 3 The case where the display driving circuit 200 does not include the gate driver 210 is shown, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the gate driver 210 may be included in the display driving circuit 200 for controlling the operation of the display panel 100. The gate driver 210, the data driver 230, and the display controller 220 may be formed as an integrated circuit (IC). The gate driver 210 may be formed in the thin film transistor (TFT) process of the display panel 100 together with the data driver 230. The display controller 220 and the data driver 230 may be combined with each other into one or more timing controller embedded driver (TED) integrated circuits.

[0110] The display panel 100 may include a plurality of pixels PX connected to the plurality of data lines DL1 to DLm and the plurality of gate lines GL1 to GLn.

[0111] The frame frequency at which the display driving circuit 200 drives the display panel 100 may vary. For example, according to the selection of the host or the user, the frame frequency may vary in the range of approximately 1 Hz to approximately 240 Hz. According to the user's expectation or need, the display driving circuit 200 may be driven at approximately 60 Hz during one period, and the frame frequency may be changed to approximately 120 Hz during another period.

[0112] The touch sensing area TSA may include a plurality of first electrodes TE (for example, see Figure 5) Multiple second electrodes RE, multiple touch driving lines TL, and touch sensing lines RL. The touch sensing area TSA can sense a touch input by receiving an electrical signal Tx from a touch driving circuit 400 disposed on the circuit board 300 through the multiple touch driving lines TL, or by transmitting an electrical signal Rx sensed from the multiple second electrodes RE to the touch driving circuit 400 through the multiple touch sensing lines RL. More specifically, the touch driving circuit 400 can sense a touch input by converting the analog electrical signal Rx sensed in the touch sensing area TSA into a digital signal. The touch driving circuit 400 will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 5 The touch driving circuit 400 will be described in more detail.

[0113] Reference Figure 4 , the display unit DU may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA. The display unit DU may include multiple pixels PX, and multiple gate lines GL and multiple data lines DL connected to the multiple pixels PX.

[0114] The multiple gate lines GL may supply a gate signal received from the gate driver 210 to the multiple pixels PX. The multiple gate lines GL may extend in a first direction X and may be spaced apart from each other in a second direction Y intersecting the first direction X.

[0115] The multiple data lines DL may supply a data signal received from the display driving circuit 200 to the multiple pixels PX. The multiple data lines DL may extend in the second direction Y and may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction X.

[0116] The non-display area NDA may surround the display area DA (e.g., around the periphery of the display area DA). For example, the non-display area NDA may include a gate driver 210 for applying a gate signal to the multiple gate lines GL, a fan-out line FOL connecting the multiple data lines DL and the display driving circuit 200 to each other, and a display pad component DP connected to the circuit board 300.

[0117] The display driving circuit 200 may supply a gate control signal GCS to the gate driver 210 through a gate control line GCL. The gate driver 210 may generate multiple gate signals based on the gate control signal GCS and may supply the multiple gate signals to the multiple gate lines GL in a suitable order (e.g., a set or predetermined order) in sequence.

[0118] The display driving circuit 200 can supply a first source voltage to the first power line VL and can supply a second source voltage to the second power line through the data driver 230. Each of the plurality of pixels PX can receive the first source voltage through the corresponding first power line VL and can receive the second source voltage through the corresponding second power line. The first source voltage can be a high-level voltage (e.g., a predetermined high-level voltage), and the second source voltage can be a voltage lower than the first source voltage.

[0119] The display pad area DPA and the touch pad area TPDA can be provided at the edge of the display panel 100. The display pad area DPA can include a plurality of display pad components DP. The plurality of display pad components DP can be connected to the main processor through the circuit board 300. The plurality of display pad components DP can be connected to the circuit board 300 to receive digital video data and can supply the digital video data to the display driving circuit 200.

[0120] Figure 5 is a plan view showing a touch unit of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0121] Reference Figure 5 and also reference Figure 4 , the touch unit TSU can include a touch sensing area TSA for sensing a user's touch and a touch peripheral area TPA provided around the touch sensing area TSA. The touch sensing area TSA can overlap with the display area DA of the display panel 100, and the touch peripheral area TPA can overlap with the non-display area NDA of the display panel 100.

[0122] The touch unit TSU can include a plurality of touch electrodes SEN, a plurality of touch driving lines TL, and a plurality of touch sensing lines RL. The plurality of touch electrodes SEN can include a plurality of first electrodes TE and a plurality of second electrodes RE.

[0123] The circuit board 300 can include a first circuit pad component DCPD connected to the display pad component DP of the display panel 100, a second circuit pad component TCPD connected to the touch pad component TP of the display panel 100, and a touch circuit line 212 connecting the second circuit pad component TCPD and the touch driving circuit 400 to each other.

[0124] The touch sensing area TSA may include a plurality of first electrodes TE and a plurality of second electrodes RE that serve as touch electrodes SEN. The plurality of first electrodes TE and the plurality of second electrodes RE may be electrically connected to a touch driving circuit 400 on a circuit board 300. The touch sensing area TSA may receive electrical signals from the touch driving circuit 400 provided on the circuit board 300 through a plurality of touch driving lines TL and a plurality of touch sensing lines RL, or may transmit the electrical signals sensed from the plurality of first electrodes TE and the plurality of second electrodes RE to the touch driving circuit 400 through the plurality of touch driving lines TL and the plurality of touch sensing lines RL.

[0125] The plurality of first electrodes TE may be arranged in a first direction X and a second direction Y. The plurality of first electrodes TE may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction X and the second direction Y. The first electrodes TE adjacent to each other in the second direction Y may be electrically connected to each other through a bridging electrode CE.

[0126] The plurality of first electrodes TE may be connected to a touch pad component TP through the touch driving lines TL. Some of the plurality of touch driving lines TL may extend to the touch pad component TP via the lower side of the touch peripheral area TPA. Other touch driving lines TL among the plurality of touch driving lines TL may extend to the touch pad component TP via the upper side, left side, and lower side of the touch peripheral area TPA. The touch pad component TP may be connected to the touch driving circuit 400 through the circuit board 300.

[0127] A display pad area DPA and a touch pad area TPDA may be provided at the edge of a sub - area SBA of the display panel 100. The display pad area DPA and the touch pad area TPDA may be electrically connected to the circuit board 300 using a low - resistance and high - reliability material (such as an anisotropic conductive film).

[0128] The plurality of second electrodes RE may extend in the first direction X and may be spaced apart from each other in the second direction Y. The plurality of second electrodes RE may be arranged in the first direction X and the second direction Y, and the plurality of second electrodes RE adjacent to each other in the first direction X may be electrically connected to each other through a connecting component.

[0129] The plurality of second electrodes RE may be connected to the touch pad component TP through a plurality of touch sensing lines RL. For example, the plurality of second electrodes RE provided on the right side of the touch sensing area TSA may be connected to the touch pad component TP through the plurality of touch sensing lines RL. The plurality of touch sensing lines RL may extend to the touch pad component TP via the right side and the lower side of the touch peripheral area TPA. The touch pad component TP may be connected to the touch driving circuit 400 through the circuit board 300.

[0130] By including a planar pattern formed of a transparent conductive layer, or by including a mesh pattern using an opaque metal along an area where no light-emitting element is provided, the plurality of first electrodes TE and the plurality of second electrodes RE can prevent light emitted from the display area DA from being blocked.

[0131] A touch driving signal can be applied from the touch driving circuit 400 to each of the plurality of first electrodes TE through any one of the plurality of touch driving lines TL. When the touch driving signal is applied to the plurality of first electrodes TE, a mutual capacitance can be formed between adjacent first electrodes TE and second electrodes RE. When a touch input occurs from the outside, the value of the mutual capacitance between adjacent first electrodes TE and second electrodes RE may change. The change in the mutual capacitance between adjacent first electrodes TE and second electrodes RE can be transmitted to the touch driving circuit 400 through the plurality of touch sensing lines RL. Therefore, the touch driving circuit 400 can determine whether a touch input has occurred and can calculate the corresponding position as the touch input coordinates. Touch sensing can be performed in a mutual capacitance manner, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0132] Although the mutual capacitance sensing between the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE has been described, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, a touch unit TSU according to another embodiment of the present disclosure can sense a touch in a self-capacitance manner.

[0133] In Figure 5 a ground line GND can be formed on the circuit board 300.

[0134] In Figure 5 a dummy electrode DME is also shown. The plurality of first electrodes TE, the plurality of second electrodes RE, and the plurality of dummy electrodes DME can be provided at the same layer as each other and can be spaced apart from each other.

[0135] Figure 6 is Figure 5 an enlarged view of the region A1 of Figure 7 is an enlarged view showing a part of a display device according to an embodiment.

[0136] Referring to Figure 6 and Figure 7 and also referring to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 the plurality of first electrodes TE can be arranged in a first direction X and a second direction Y. The plurality of first electrodes TE can be spaced apart from each other in the first direction X and the second direction Y. The first electrodes TE adjacent to each other in the second direction Y can be electrically connected to each other through a bridging electrode CE.

[0137] A plurality of second electrodes RE may extend in a first direction X and may be spaced apart from each other in a second direction Y. The plurality of second electrodes RE may be arranged along the first direction X and the second direction Y, and the second electrodes RE adjacent to each other in the first direction X may be electrically connected to each other through a connection member RCE. For example, the connection member RCE of the second electrode RE may be provided to cross between the first electrodes TE adjacent to each other.

[0138] A plurality of bridging electrodes CE may be provided at a layer different from the layer of the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE. The bridging electrode CE may include a first portion CEa and a second portion CEb. For example, the second portion CEb of the bridging electrode CE may be connected to the first electrode TE provided on one side through a first contact hole CNT1 and may extend in another direction DR2. The first portion CEa of the bridging electrode CE may be bent from the second portion CEb and may extend in one direction DR1 in a region overlapping with the second electrode RE. The first portion CEa may be connected to the first electrode TE provided on the other side through the first contact hole CNT1. One direction DR1 may be a direction between the first direction X and the second direction Y, and the other direction DR2 may be a direction intersecting with the one direction DR1. For example, each of the plurality of bridging electrodes CE may connect the first electrodes TE adjacent to each other in the second direction Y to each other.

[0139] According to an embodiment, a plurality of first electrodes TE, a plurality of second electrodes RE, and a plurality of dummy electrodes DME (for example, see Figure 5 ) may form a mesh structure or a net structure in a plan view. The plurality of first electrodes TE, the plurality of second electrodes RE, and the plurality of dummy electrodes DME (for example, see Figure 5 ) may not overlap with the first emission region EA1, the second emission region EA2, and the third emission region EA3 of the pixel PX. The plurality of bridging electrodes CE may not overlap with the first emission region EA1, the second emission region EA2, and the third emission region EA3. Accordingly, the display device 10 may prevent or substantially prevent the brightness of the light emitted from the first emission region EA1, the second emission region EA2, and the third emission region EA3 from being reduced by the touch unit TSU.

[0140] Each of the plurality of first electrodes TE may include a first portion TEa extending in one direction DR1 and a second portion TEb extending in another direction DR2. Each of the plurality of second electrodes RE may include a first portion REa extending in one direction DR1 and a second portion REb extending in another direction DR2.

[0141] According to another embodiment, a plurality of first electrodes TE, a plurality of second electrodes RE, and a plurality of dummy electrodes DME (for example, see Figure 5) can form an integral surface structure in a planar diagram, rather than a mesh structure or a net structure. In this case, multiple first electrodes TE, multiple second electrodes RE, and multiple dummy electrodes DME (for example, see Figure 5 ) can each include a transparent conductive material having a high light transmittance, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).

[0142] Multiple pixels PX can include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, and the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel can respectively include a first emission region EA1, a second emission region EA2, and a third emission region EA3. For example, the first emission region EA1 can emit light of a first color (e.g., red light), the second emission region EA2 can emit light of a second color (e.g., green light), and the third emission region EA3 can emit light of a third color (e.g., blue light), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0143] One pixel PX can include one first emission region EA1, two second emission regions EA2, and one third emission region EA3 to express a white color level. Therefore, the white color level can be expressed by a combination of light emitted from one first emission region EA1, light emitted from two second emission regions EA2, and light emitted from one third emission region EA3.

[0144] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a display device taken along the line I-I' according to an embodiment. Figure 7 of

[0145] Referring to Figure 8 , and also referring to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 , the display panel 100 can include a display unit DU and a touch unit TSU. The display unit DU can include a substrate SUB, a thin film transistor layer TFTL, a light emitting element layer EML, and a packaging layer TFEL.

[0146] The substrate SUB can support the display panel 100. The substrate SUB can be a base substrate or a base member, and can include an insulating material such as a polymer resin (e.g., can be made of an insulating material such as a polymer resin). As an example, the substrate SUB can be a flexible substrate that can be bent, folded, or curled. As another example, the substrate SUB can include a flexible material and a rigid material.

[0147] The thin film transistor layer TFTL may include a first buffer layer BF1 and a second buffer layer BF2, thin film transistors TFT, a gate insulating film GI, a first interlayer insulating film ILD1, capacitor electrodes CPE, a second interlayer insulating film ILD2, a first connection electrode CNE1, a first passivation layer PAS1, a second connection electrode CNE2, and a second passivation layer PAS2.

[0148] The first buffer layer BF1 may be disposed on the substrate SUB. The first buffer layer BF1 may include an inorganic film capable of preventing or substantially preventing the penetration of air and / or moisture. For example, the first buffer layer BF1 may include a plurality of inorganic films stacked alternately.

[0149] The light blocking layer BML may be disposed on the first buffer layer BF1. As an example, the light blocking layer BML may be formed as a single layer or multiple layers, and the single layer or multiple layers include at least any suitable one of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and suitable alloys thereof (e.g., made of at least any suitable one of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), copper (Cu), and suitable alloys thereof). As another example, the light blocking layer BML may be an organic film including a black pigment.

[0150] The second buffer layer BF2 may cover the first buffer layer BF1 and the light blocking layer BML. The second buffer layer BF2 may include an inorganic film capable of preventing or substantially preventing the penetration of air and / or moisture. For example, the second buffer layer BF2 may include a plurality of inorganic films stacked alternately.

[0151] The thin film transistor TFT may be disposed on the second buffer layer BF2 and may constitute a pixel circuit corresponding to one of a plurality of pixels PX. For example, the thin film transistor TFT may be a driving transistor or a switching transistor of the pixel circuit. The thin film transistor TFT may include a semiconductor region ACT, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, and a drain electrode DE.

[0152] The semiconductor region ACT, the source electrode SE, and the drain electrode DE may be disposed on the second buffer layer BF2. The semiconductor region ACT may overlap the gate electrode GE in the third direction Z and may be insulated from the gate electrode GE by the gate insulating film GI. The source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may be formed by making the material of the semiconductor region ACT conductive.

[0153] The gate electrode GE may be disposed on the gate insulating film GI. The gate electrode GE may overlap the semiconductor region ACT, and the gate insulating film GI is interposed between the gate electrode GE and the semiconductor region ACT.

[0154] The gate insulating film GI can be provided on the semiconductor region ACT, the source electrode SE, and the drain electrode DE. For example, the gate insulating film GI can cover the semiconductor region ACT, the source electrode SE, the drain electrode DE, and the second buffer layer BF2, and can insulate the semiconductor region ACT and the gate electrode GE from each other. The gate insulating film GI can include a contact hole through which the first connection electrode CNE1 passes.

[0155] The first interlayer insulating film ILD1 can cover the gate electrode GE and the gate insulating film GI. The first interlayer insulating film ILD1 can include a contact hole through which the first connection electrode CNE1 passes. The contact hole of the first interlayer insulating film ILD1 can be connected to the contact hole of the gate insulating film GI and the contact hole of the second interlayer insulating film ILD2.

[0156] The capacitor electrode CPE can be provided on the first interlayer insulating film ILD1. The capacitor electrode CPE can overlap with the gate electrode GE in the third direction Z.

[0157] The second interlayer insulating film ILD2 can cover the capacitor electrode CPE and the first interlayer insulating film ILD1. The second interlayer insulating film ILD2 can include a contact hole through which the first connection electrode CNE1 passes. The contact hole of the second interlayer insulating film ILD2 can be connected to the contact hole of the first interlayer insulating film ILD1 and the contact hole of the gate insulating film GI.

[0158] The first connection electrode CNE1 can be provided on the second interlayer insulating film ILD2. The first connection electrode CNE1 can connect the drain electrode DE of the thin film transistor TFT and the second connection electrode CNE2 to each other. The first connection electrode CNE1 can be inserted into the contact holes formed in the second interlayer insulating film ILD2, the first interlayer insulating film ILD1, and the gate insulating film GI to contact the drain electrode DE of the thin film transistor TFT.

[0159] The first passivation layer PAS1 can cover the first connection electrode CNE1 and the second interlayer insulating film ILD2. The first passivation layer PAS1 can protect the thin film transistor TFT. The first passivation layer PAS1 can include a contact hole through which the second connection electrode CNE2 passes.

[0160] The second connection electrode CNE2 can be provided on the first passivation layer PAS1. The second connection electrode CNE2 can connect the first connection electrode CNE1 and the pixel electrode AND of the light emitting element ED to each other. The second connection electrode CNE2 can be inserted into the contact hole provided in the first passivation layer PAS1 to contact the first connection electrode CNE1.

[0161] The second passivation layer PAS2 may cover the second connection electrode CNE2 and the first passivation layer PAS1. The second passivation layer PAS2 may include contact holes through which the pixel electrode AND of the light-emitting element ED passes.

[0162] The light-emitting element layer EML may be disposed on the thin-film transistor layer TFTL. The light-emitting element layer EML may include a light-emitting element ED and a pixel defining film PDL. The light-emitting element ED may include a pixel electrode AND, a light-emitting layer EL, and a common electrode CAT.

[0163] The pixel electrode AND may be disposed on the second passivation layer PAS2. The pixel electrode AND may be disposed to overlap with one of a first emission region EA1, a second emission region EA2, and a third emission region EA3 defined by the pixel defining film PDL. The pixel electrode AND may be connected to the drain electrode DE of the thin-film transistor TFT through a first connection electrode CNE1 and a second connection electrode CNE2.

[0164] The light-emitting layer EL may be disposed on the pixel electrode AND. For example, the light-emitting layer EL may be an organic light-emitting layer including an organic material (e.g., made of an organic material), but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In the case where the light-emitting layer EL is an organic light-emitting layer, when the thin-film transistor TFT applies a voltage (e.g., a predetermined voltage) to the pixel electrode AND of the light-emitting element ED, and the common electrode CAT of the light-emitting element ED receives a common voltage or a cathode voltage, holes and electrons may move to the organic light-emitting layer EL through a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer, respectively, and may recombine with each other in the organic light-emitting layer EL to emit light.

[0165] The common electrode CAT may be disposed on the light-emitting layer EL. For example, the common electrode CAT may not be divided for each of the plurality of pixels PX, and may be implemented in the form of an electrode that commonly covers all the pixels PX. For example, the common electrode CAT may be disposed on the light-emitting layer EL in the first emission region EA1, the second emission region EA2, and the third emission region EA3, and may be disposed on the pixel defining film PDL in a region other than the first emission region EA1, the second emission region EA2, and the third emission region EA3.

[0166] The pixel defining film PDL may define a first emission region EA1, a second emission region EA2, and a third emission region EA3. The pixel defining film PDL may space apart and insulate the pixel electrodes AND of the plurality of light-emitting elements ED from each other.

[0167] The encapsulation layer TFEL can be disposed on the common electrode CAT to cover a plurality of light-emitting elements ED. The encapsulation layer TFEL can include at least one inorganic film to prevent or substantially prevent oxygen and / or moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting element layer EML. The encapsulation layer TFE can include at least one organic film to protect the light-emitting element layer EML from foreign substances such as dust.

[0168] The touch unit TSU can be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFEL. The touch unit TSU can include a third buffer layer BF3, a bridging electrode CE, a first insulating layer SIL1, a first electrode TE, a second electrode RE, and a second insulating layer SIL2.

[0169] The third buffer layer BF3 can be disposed on the encapsulation layer TFEL. The third buffer layer BF3 can have insulating and optical functions. The third buffer layer BF3 can include at least one inorganic film. As another example, the third buffer layer BF3 can be omitted as needed or desired.

[0170] The bridging electrode CE can be disposed on the third buffer layer BF3. The bridging electrode CE can be disposed at a layer different from the layers of the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE, and can connect the first electrodes TE adjacent to each other in the second direction (e.g., Figure 7 the second direction Y in ). For example, the bridging electrode CE can be formed as a single layer including molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al) (e.g., made of molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al)), or can be formed as a stacked structure of aluminum and titanium (e.g., Ti / Al / Ti), a stacked structure of aluminum and ITO (e.g., ITO / Al / ITO), an APC alloy, or a stacked structure of an APC alloy and ITO (e.g., ITO / APC / ITO).

[0171] The first insulating layer SIL1 can cover the bridging electrode CE and the third buffer layer BF3. The first insulating layer SIL1 can have insulating and optical functions. For example, the first insulating layer SIL1 can be formed as an inorganic film such as a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer.

[0172] The first electrode TE and the second electrode RE may be disposed on the first insulating layer SIL1. Each of the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE may not overlap with the first emission region EA1, the second emission region EA2, and the third emission region EA3. Each of the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE may be formed as a single layer including molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al) (e.g., made of molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), or aluminum (Al)), or may be formed as a stacked structure of aluminum and titanium (e.g., Ti / Al / Ti), a stacked structure of aluminum and ITO (e.g., ITO / Al / ITO), an APC alloy, or a stacked structure of an APC alloy and ITO (e.g., ITO / APC / ITO).

[0173] The second insulating layer SIL2 may cover the first electrode TE, the second electrode RE, and the first insulating layer SIL1. The second insulating layer SIL2 may have insulating and optical functions. The second insulating layer SIL2 may include at least one of the materials described above for the first insulating layer SIL1 (e.g., may be made of at least one of the materials described above for the first insulating layer SIL1).

[0174] In Figure 8 it is shown that the bridging electrode CE is formed at a layer below (e.g., beneath) the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the bridging electrode CE may be formed at a layer above the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE.

[0175] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram showing components of a touch unit and a touch driving unit according to an embodiment.

[0176] Referring Figure 9 also referring Figure 2 to, the display device 10 may include a touch unit (e.g., a touch layer) TSU and a touch driving circuit 400. Figure 9 The touch unit TSU shown in Figures 2 to 8 is the same as or substantially the same as the touch unit TSU described above with reference to

[0177] and thus, its redundant description may not be repeated.

[0178] The driving signal output unit 410 outputs a touch driving signal to the first electrode TE through the touch driving line TL. The touch driving signal may be a signal in the form of having a plurality of pulses.

[0179] The driving signal output unit 410 may output the touch driving signal to the touch driving line TL in a suitable order (e.g., a predetermined order). For example, the driving signal output unit 410 may sequentially output the touch driving signal to the first electrode TE of the first column C1 provided on the leftmost side of the touch sensing area TSA to the first electrode TE of the fifth column C5 provided on the rightmost side of the touch sensing area TSA.

[0180] The sensing circuit unit 420 may be connected to the second electrode RE through the touch sensing line RL. The sensing circuit unit 420 may sense a change amount of charge in the mutual capacitance of the touch node corresponding to the crossing portion (e.g., the intersecting portion) between the first electrode TE and the second electrode RE through the touch sensing line RL.

[0181] The sensing circuit unit 420 may include an operational amplifier AFE for sensing a change amount of charge in the mutual capacitance of the touch node. The operational amplifier AFE may be connected to the touch sensing line RL in a one-to-one manner. The operational amplifier AFE may amplify the original data input in an analog form.

[0182] The analog-to-digital conversion unit 430 converts each of the output voltages of the operational amplifier AFE of the sensing circuit unit 420 into touch sensing data TD, which is digital data.

[0183] The touch control unit 440 controls the driving timings of the driving signal output unit 410, the sensing circuit unit 420, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit 430. The touch control unit 440 may output a timing signal for synchronization between the driving signal output unit 410, the sensing circuit unit 420, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit 430 to each of the driving signal output unit 410, the sensing circuit unit 420, and the analog-to-digital conversion unit 430.

[0184] The touch data compensation unit 450 receives the touch sensing data TD sensed from all touch nodes in the touch sensing area TSA from the analog-to-digital conversion unit 430. The touch data compensation unit 450 analyzes the touch sensing data TD to calculate a touch area ratio, and compensates the touch sensing data TD according to the touch area ratio.

[0185] According to some embodiments, it may be possible to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value through the display device 10 and the mobile electronic device including the display device 10, and the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value may be from the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9The noise impact on the display unit DU of the displayed image by the touch driving signal output from the touch driving circuit 400 in. Therefore, according to some embodiments, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 The touch driving circuit 400 in generates touch driving signals by a multi-code multi-frequency driving method (MC-MFDM), and makes the frequencies and codes of the touch driving signals assigned to the plurality of first electrodes TE different from each other.

[0186] In addition, to reduce complexity, according to some embodiments, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 The touch driving circuit 400 in converts the phase of the touch driving unit signal considering the point (e.g., only one point) where the maximum voltage of the composite signal occurs during the calculation. In addition, to ensure PAPR reduction performance, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 The touch driving circuit 400 in performs a max down algorithm that iteratively performs the entire above calculation.

[0187] When outputting touch driving signals through MC-MFDM, a sudden change at the boundary of the code symbols may cause signal instability and may damage the orthogonality of the signals. Therefore, in some embodiments, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 The touch driving circuit 400 in applies a cyclic extension method of setting a guard period by extending the touch driving signal by a ratio (e.g., a predetermined ratio) before and after each cycle of the touch driving signal. In addition, when applying the cyclic extension method, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 The touch driving circuit 400 in prevents or substantially prevents the touch driving signal from spreading into the frequency domain and improves electromagnetic interference (EMI) by applying a smoothing function.

[0188] Hereinafter, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 The touch driving circuit 400 in that outputs touch driving signals through MC-MFDM will be described in more detail. It performs a max down algorithm that iteratively performs the entire above calculation to ensure PAPR reduction performance, and transforms partial cycles (e.g., guard periods) of the touch driving signal according to the cyclic extension method and the smoothing function.

[0189] Figure 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the touch driving unit according to an embodiment. Figure 11A and Figure 11B is a flowchart showing the operation of the touch driving unit according to an embodiment.

[0190] For ease of explanation, the maximum reduction algorithm described in more detail below may be described based on MC-MFDM in which the number of code symbols is 1, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the maximum reduction algorithm according to an embodiment may also be applied to MC-MFDM in which the number of code symbols is a complex number (e.g., greater than 1).

[0191] In the following, reference is made to Figures 10 to 11B the operation of the touch driving unit described in more detail may be performed by the touch driving circuit 400 described above with reference to Figures 1 to 9 but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, in the following, the operation described in connection with Figures 10 to 11B in more detail may be performed and / or controlled by the display driving circuit 200 or a "host" (such as an application processor).

[0192] Referring to Figure 10 , the method may start, and a touch driving unit according to an embodiment (e.g., Figure 9 the touch driving circuit 400 in Figure 9 ) determines, in operation 1010, a plurality of frequencies of a touch driving signal to be supplied to a plurality of Tx electrodes TE (e.g.,

[0193] Figure 10 the first electrode TE in Figure 11A ). The plurality of frequencies may be frequencies determined or set according to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) method. For example, the plurality of frequencies may be determined or set such that their phases are orthogonal to each other. Figure 11A Operation 1010 of

[0194] may be related to operation 1111 of Figure 9 . For example, referring to

[0195] operation 1111, the touch driving unit may sort the frequencies in ascending order. i A touch driving unit according to an embodiment (e.g., i the touch driving circuit 400 in

[0196] Equation 1:

[0197] Tx_sig i = Acos(2πfi t + θ i )

[0198] In Equation 1, "θ i " is the phase of the i-th touch driving signal.

[0199] According to an embodiment, the touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 the touch driving circuit 400 in

[0200] Equation 2:

[0201] In Equation 2, it is assumed that the total number of output channels corresponding to the Tx electrode TE in a one-to-one manner is i.

[0202] When the maximum reduction algorithm according to an embodiment is executed for the first time, a signal with a phase of 0 is assigned to "Tx_sig1" as the first touch driving signal, and the signal assigned to the first Tx electrode TE is added to sum_sig with an initial value of 0. Therefore, when the signal assigned to the first Tx electrode TE is added to sum_sig with an initial value of 0, the sum of the touch driving signals can be defined by Equation 3.

[0203] Equation 3:

[0204] sum_sig = Tx_sig1 = Acos(2πf1t)

[0205] Thereafter, while changing the phase of the touch driving signal to be input to the second Tx electrode TE, the touch driving signal is determined, and the touch driving signal to be input to the second Tx electrode TE is determined to include a phase for reducing the PAPR. Similarly, while changing the phase of the touch driving signal to be input to the third Tx electrode TE, the touch driving signal is determined, and the touch driving signal to be input to the third Tx electrode TE is determined to include a phase for reducing the PAPR. In this way, the phases of the touch driving signals can be sequentially changed, and the touch driving signals can be determined to include phase values (or phases) for reducing the PAPR.

[0206] The PAPR can be defined by Equation 4.

[0207] Equation 4:

[0208]

[0209] Referring to Equation 4, the PAPR is the ratio of the maximum power to the average power of the sum of the touch drive signals. When the frequency and magnitude of the touch drive signals are fixed, only the phase of the touch drive signals can be changed, and when the touch drive signals are added, the magnitude of the average power can be the same (e.g., can always be the same). Therefore, the PAPR values can be compared with each other by checking the magnitude of "max(|sum_sig|)", which is the maximum power corresponding to the sum of the touch drive signals. The touch drive unit according to the embodiment can perform an operation of changing the phase of each touch drive signal to reduce the calculated value corresponding to the maximum power of the sum of the touch drive signals, which can ultimately be regarded as an operation of reducing the PAPR.

[0210] Equation 5:

[0211] t max = argmax(|sum_sig|)

[0212] Referring to Equation 5, assume that the exponent having the maximum value of the absolute value of sum_sig is "t max ", then the touch drive signal "Tx_sig i " as the touch drive signal to be added next is determined by the touch drive unit as the phase shift to have a peak with a sign opposite to that of sum_sig at t max .

[0213] Therefore, Tx_sig max determined in the case of t i can be defined by Equation 6 and Equation 7. For example, Equation 6 represents Tx_sig max determined when sum_sig at t i is greater than or equal to 0, and Equation 7 represents Tx_sig max determined when sum_sig at t i is less than 0.

[0214] Equation 6:

[0215] Tx_sig i [t max = Acos(2πf i t max + θ i ) = -A, if sum_sig[t max ≥0 Equation 7:

[0216] Tx_sig i [t max = Acos(2πf i t max + θi ) = A, if sum_sig[t max < 0

[0217] According to Equation 6 and Equation 7, the phase (θ i ) of each of the Tx_sig in the touch driving signals i can be defined by Equation 8 and Equation 9. For example, Equation 8 represents the phase of Tx_sig determined when sum_sig at t max is greater than or equal to 0, and Equation 9 represents the phase of Tx_sig determined when sum_sig at t i is less than 0. max < 0 i

[0218] Equation 8:

[0219] θ i = π - 2πft i , if sum_sig[t max ≥ 0 max

[0220] Equation 9:

[0221] θ i = -2πft i , if sum_sig[t max < 0 max

[0222] The touch driving unit according to the embodiment can, by performing the operations described above, while shifting the phase (θ i ) of each touch driving signal, reduce the peak value of t max according to sum_sig. However, since the touch driving signal can be a periodic signal, even if the peak value of t max is reduced, the peak value of t at another phase max may increase.

[0223] Equation 10:

[0224] max(|sum_sig + Acos(2πft + θ i )) < max(|sum_sig + Acos(2πft)|) i i

[0225] Therefore, the touch driving unit according to the embodiment can use the Tx_sig with a phase shifted by θ i i ​​​​​​The peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding to sum_sig is compared with the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an unshifted phase, as shown in Equation 10. For example, the touch driving unit may determine whether the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase shifted by θ i to sum_sig is less than the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an unshifted phase i to sum_sig. When the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase shifted by θ i to sum_sig is less than the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an unshifted phase i to sum_sig, the touch driving unit applies the phase shifted by θ i to Tx_sig as the corresponding touch driving signal i . When the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase shifted by θ i to sum_sig is less than the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an unshifted phase i to sum_sig, the touch driving unit applies the phase shifted by θ i .

[0226] In other words, when Equation 10 is determined to be true, the touch driving unit determines Tx_sig as the touch driving signal according to Equation 11 i . In addition, when Equation 10 is determined to be false, the touch driving unit determines Tx_sig as the touch driving signal according to Equation 12 i .

[0227] Equation 11:

[0228] Tx_sig i = Acos(2πf i t + θ i )

[0229] Equation 12:

[0230] Tx_sig i = Acos(2πf i t)

[0231] The touch driving unit updates sum_sig by adding Tx_sig determined according to Equation 11 or Equation 12 i to the existing accumulated sum_sig. Therefore, the updated sum_sig can be defined by Equation 13

[0232] Equation 13:

[0233] sum_sig ← sum_sig + Tx_sig i

[0234] When the phases of all touch driving signals are sequentially changed as described above, it can be defined that one maximum reduction algorithm has been executed. In addition, when one maximum reduction algorithm has been executed, the phases assigned to each touch driving signal are defined as the first phases. For example, the first phases may refer to the phases of each touch driving signal determined for the first time while sequentially changing the phase values of the first touch driving signal to the last touch driving signal to include the phase values for reducing the PAPR.

[0235] As used herein, a factor representing the number of times the maximum reduction algorithm is executed is defined as an "iteration". For example, when the phase values of the first touch driving signal to the last touch driving signal are sequentially changed and one maximum reduction algorithm is executed to determine the first phases for the first time, it can be considered that iteration 1 has been completed.

[0236] Figure 10 The operation 1030 in Figure 11A may be related to the operations 1113 to 1127 shown in Figure 11B and the operations 1129 to 1141 shown in Figure 10 The operation 1030 in Figure 11A the operations 1113 to 1127 in Figure 11B and the operations 1129 to 1141 in

[0237] In operation 1113, the touch driving unit may configure (e.g., set) each of sum_sig and iteration (hereinafter, also referred to as iteration value or number of iterations) to 0.

[0238] In operation 1115, the touch driving unit may increase the iteration value by 1.

[0239] In operation 1117, the touch driving unit may configure (e.g., set) i (i is a factor corresponding to the number of the touch driving signal to be supplied to the Tx electrode TE) to 0. For example, when i is 1, the touch driving signal will be supplied to the first Tx electrode TE. As another example, when i is 2, the touch driving signal will be supplied to the second Tx electrode TE.

[0240] In operation 1119, the touch driving unit may increase i (i is a factor corresponding to the number of the touch driving signal) by 1.

[0241] In operation 1121, the touch driving unit may determine whether the iteration value is 1. When the iteration value is 1, the touch driving unit executes operation 1123, and otherwise executes operation 1125.

[0242] In operation 1123, the touch driving unit adds the signal assigned to the first Tx electrode TE to sum_sig having an initial value of 0. Thus, as described above, when the signal assigned to the first Tx electrode TE is added to sum_sig having an initial value of 0, the sum of the touch driving signals can be defined by Equation 3.

[0243] In operation 1125, when the iteration value is greater than or equal to 2, since the sum of all the touch driving signals has been applied to sum_sig, the touch driving unit excludes Tx_sig from sum_sig i , as shown in Equation 14.

[0244] Equation 14: sum_sig←sum_sig - Tx_sig i

[0245] In operation 1127, the touch driving unit determines "t" max ("t" max is the exponent having the maximum absolute value of sum_sig).

[0246] In operation 1129, the touch driving unit determines whether sum_sig at t is greater than or equal to 0. When sum_sig at t is greater than or equal to 0, the touch driving unit performs operation 1131, and otherwise performs operation 1133. max When sum_sig at t is greater than or equal to 0, the touch driving unit performs operation 1131, and otherwise performs operation 1133. max When sum_sig at t is greater than or equal to 0, the touch driving unit performs operation 1131, and otherwise performs operation 1133.

[0247] In operation 1131, the touch driving unit defines Tx_sig determined when sum_sig at t is greater than or equal to 0 max , as shown in Equation 8. i In operation 1131, the touch driving unit defines Tx_sig determined when sum_sig at t is greater than or equal to 0

[0248] In operation 1133, the touch driving unit defines Tx_sig determined when sum_sig at t is less than 0 max , as shown in Equation 9. i In operation 1133, the touch driving unit defines Tx_sig determined when sum_sig at t is less than 0

[0249] In operation 1135, the touch driving unit can compare the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig having a phase with an offset θ i to sum_sig with the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig having an unshifted phase i to sum_sig, as shown in Equation 10. When Equation 10 is true, the touch driving unit can perform operation 1137, and otherwise can perform operation 1139. i In operation 1135, the touch driving unit can compare the peak of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig having a phase with an offset θ

[0250] In operation 1137, the touch driving unit determines whether the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase offset by θ i is less than the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an un-offset phase to sum_sig i . When the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase offset by θ i is less than the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an un-offset phase to sum_sig i , the touch driving unit applies a phase of offset θi to Tx_sig as the corresponding touch driving signal i . i . i

[0251] In other words, when Equation 10 is determined to be true, the touch driving unit determines Tx_sig as the touch driving signal according to Equation 11 i .

[0252] In addition, in operation 1139, when Equation 10 is determined to be false, the touch driving unit determines Tx_sig as the touch driving signal according to Equation 12 i .

[0253] In operation 1141, the touch driving unit confirms whether i corresponds to the total number of Tx electrodes TE. When i corresponds to the total number of Tx electrodes TE, the touch driving unit executes operation 1143, and otherwise returns to operation 1119 and executes operations 1119 to 1139 again

[0254] In operation 1040, the touch driving unit according to an embodiment (e.g., the touch driving circuit 400 in Figure 9 ) can update the phase of each touch driving signal from the first phase to the second phase while sequentially changing the determined first phase of the touch driving signal again

[0255] According to an embodiment, by configuring (e.g., setting) the number of executions of the maximum reduction algorithm to 2 or more times, the touch driving unit reduces the PAPR value. Therefore, after the execution of the maximum reduction algorithm corresponding to iteration 1 is completed, the touch driving unit calculates the second phase that can reduce the PAPR while sequentially changing the first phase of each preset touch driving signal again

[0256] When the iteration is 2 or more, the touch driving unit determines the exponent with the maximum absolute value of "sum_sig" again ("t max ​”), and determine a second phase as the new phase. As used herein, the second phase as the new phase is defined as “θ’i”.

[0257] The touch driving unit may compare the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase having an offset θ’i to sum_sig with the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an un-offset phase to sum_sig, as shown in Equation 15. i The touch driving unit may compare the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase having an offset θ’i to sum_sig with the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an un-offset phase to sum_sig, as shown in Equation 15. i Equation 15: max(|sum_sig + Acos(2πft + θ′

[0258] )|) < max(|sum_sig + Tx_sig i t + θ′ i )|) i |)

[0259] For example, the touch driving unit determines whether the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase having an offset θ’i to sum_sig is less than the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an un-offset phase to sum_sig. i For example, the touch driving unit determines whether the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with a phase having an offset θ’i to sum_sig is less than the peak value of the touch driving signal obtained by adding Tx_sig with an un-offset phase to sum_sig. i to sum_sig.

[0260] When the result of Equation 15 is true, the touch driving unit determines Tx_sig i , as shown in Equation 16.

[0261] Equation 16:

[0262] Tx_sig i ← Acos(2πft + θ i t + θ i )

[0263] The touch driving unit determines the Tx_sig to which the second phase is applied with respect to the touch driving signal corresponding to the remaining Tx electrodes TE by the same method as the method described above, and completes the iteration of the corresponding round and the execution of the maximum descent algorithm. i to sum_sig, and completes the iteration of the corresponding round and the execution of the maximum descent algorithm.

[0264] The touch driving unit according to an embodiment (e.g., Figure 9 the touch driving circuit 400 in

[0265] Figure 10 ) may output a touch driving signal to the plurality of first electrodes in operation 1050, and the method may end. Figure 11B Operations 1040 and 1050 in

[0266] In operation 1143, the touch driving unit determines whether the iteration has reached a target value (e.g., a specified value). When the iteration reaches the target value (e.g., the specified value), the touch driving unit outputs touch driving signals based on the frequencies assigned to each of the touch driving signals and the finally determined second phase. When the iteration does not reach the target value (e.g., the specified value), the touch driving unit returns to operation 1115 and repeats operations 1115 to 1141.

[0267] Figure 12 FIG. is an example showing the cumulative value of the PAPR value before phase shifting of the touch driving signal according to an embodiment. Figure 13 FIG. is an example showing the cumulative value of the PAPR value after phase shifting of the touch driving signal according to an embodiment.

[0268] Figure 12 1201 in Figure 13 1301 in represents the signal sum according to the [i-1] sum_sig sig [i-1].

[0269] Figure 12 1202 in represents the signal Tx according to the [i] Tx_sig i of signal Tx sig [i]. The phase of the signal can be offset as shown in Figure 13 1302 in.

[0270] Figure 12 1203 in represents the signal sum according to the [i] sum_sig obtained by adding the signal Tx i of according to the [i] Tx_sig sig [i] to the signal sum sig [i-1] according to the [i-1] sum_sig. The signal is changed such that its peak value is reduced as shown in sig 1303 in. This is because the phase of the signal Tx Figure 13 of according to the [i] Tx_sig i has been offset such that the peak value is reduced, as shown in sig 1302 in. Figure 13

[0271] Figure 12 1211 in Figure 13 1311 in represents a specific phase at which the signal sum sig [i-1] according to the [i-1] sum_sig has a peak value.

[0272] When Figure 12 is compared with Figure 13 ​Compared with each other, since the phase of the Tx_sig added to the previous sum_sig i is shifted as shown in 1302, the peak value of 1303 (i.e., the signal sum according to the [i]th sum_sig sig [i]) decreases at the corresponding phase, and thus, it can be inferred that the PAPR can be reduced.

[0273] Figure 14 is a conceptual diagram showing a cyclic extension method according to an embodiment.

[0274] Reference Figure 14 is also made to Figure 15 , and according to an embodiment, a touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 the touch driving circuit 400 in

[0275] assigns orthogonal codes to touch driving signals according to a code division multiple access (CDMA) method. For example, the orthogonal codes may include data based on Walsh codes. The orthogonal codes are codes based on the CDMA method and may include values of 1 or -1. Here, 1 may refer to non-phase inversion, and -1 may refer to phase inversion.

[0276] To prevent or substantially prevent the above situation, a cyclic extension, or in other words, a guard period, is added to the touch driving unit according to the embodiment. The touch driving unit may output a smoothing signal, thereby preventing or substantially preventing interference between symbols in the guard period. For example, the touch driving unit generates a cyclic suffix signal 1430 by copying the signal of the first period of the original signal 1410 (e.g., the first signal 1411) and attaching the copied signal to the rear of the original signal 1410. The touch driving unit generates a cyclic prefix signal 1420 by copying the signal of the last period of the original signal 1410 (e.g., the second signal 1412) and attaching the copied signal to the front of the original signal 1410. For example, the touch driving unit generates the cyclic suffix signal 1430 attached to the rear of the original signal 1410 including the orthogonal code by copying the first signal 1411 corresponding to the first symbol of the original signal 1410 and applying a roll-off factor β to the copied first signal 1411. In addition, the touch driving unit generates the cyclic prefix signal 1420 attached to the front of the original signal 1410 by copying the second signal 1412 corresponding to the last symbol of the original signal 1410 and applying a roll-off factor β to the copied second signal 1412.

[0277] In this specification, when “T S ” is the total length of each of the touch driving signals, “T B ” is the length of the original signal, and “T G ” is the length of the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal, the total length of each of the touch driving signals may be defined by Equation 17.

[0278] Equation 17: T s =T B +2T G

[0279] Referring to Equation 17, as T G becomes larger, the length of the guard period (i.e., the period corresponding to the cyclic prefix signal 1420 and the cyclic suffix signal 1430) increases, and thus, the distortion of the touch driving signal decreases, but the total length (T S ) of each of the touch driving signals may increase.

[0280] Since a sudden change in the value of the touch driving signal within the guard period may increase the influence of noise, the touch driving unit may generate a smoothing signal to which a smoothing function is applied. The smoothing signal to which the smoothing function is applied may be defined by Equation 18. In Equation 18, β is a roll-off factor. Equation 18:

[0281]

[0282] Figure 15 A graph showing the variation of the smoothing function according to the roll-off factor is shown. Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of a method of applying cyclic extension and a smoothing function according to an embodiment.

[0283] Reference Figure 15 and Figure 16 , the smoothed signal can be divided into an open period, a transition period, and a closed period. During the open period, the received signal passes through as it is according to the roll-off factor β; during the transition period, a part of the original signal (e.g., only a part) passes through based on the total length T of the signal and the roll-off factor β; during the closed period, the signal is blocked (e.g., completely blocked). The range of each period is determined according to the roll-off factor β, and the range of the roll-off factor β can be configured (e.g., set) to a value between 0 and 1.

[0284] As Figure 15 shown, as the value of the roll-off factor β gets closer to 1, the range of the transition period increases, so that noise can be blocked in a wider frequency range.

[0285] Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of the touch drive signal to which both cyclic extension and a smoothing function are finally applied. As Figure 16 shown, the touch drive unit (e.g., Figure 9 the touch drive circuit 400 in

[0286] Figure 17 inserts a guard period 1630 into the boundary period transitioning from the first signal period (signal period 1) 1610 including the first code to the second signal period (signal period 2) 1620 including the second code. The touch drive unit outputs a cyclic suffix signal 1611 and a cyclic prefix signal 1621 in the guard period 1630. Therefore, the touch drive unit can perform touch sensing in which signal distortion is prevented by removing the signal corresponding to the guard period by the receiver of the touch sensing signal and confirming the original signal (e.g., only the original signal) as the remaining signal.

[0287] Figure 17 shows the PAPR measurement results obtained by iterating the PAPR measurement 1000 times when 48 frequencies out of 128 frequencies are randomly selected and represented as the cumulative distribution function F(x).

[0288] Figure 17 1701 in

[0289] Figure 17The 1702 in [description] is a curve graph obtained by measuring the PAPR when performing the maximum reduction algorithm once, or in other words, when the iteration is 1.

[0290] Figure 17 The 1703 in [description] is a curve graph obtained by measuring the PAPR when performing the maximum reduction algorithm twice, or in other words, when the iteration is 2.

[0291] Figure 17 The 1704 in [description] is a curve graph obtained by measuring the PAPR when performing the maximum reduction algorithm three times, or in other words, when the iteration is 3.

[0292] Reference Figure 17 , when the maximum reduction algorithm is not executed (e.g., 1701), large PAPR values appear, and the PAPR value decreases as the number of times the maximum reduction algorithm is executed increases.

[0293] Referring to the change in PAPR according to the number of iterations of the maximum reduction algorithm, the PAPR value decreases as the iteration value increases, but the difference gradually decreases. Therefore, in some embodiments, the iteration can be configured (e.g., can be set) to be approximately 3.

[0294] Figure 18 is a diagram showing an example of the RX waveform before applying the cyclic extension method according to an embodiment. Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of the RX waveform after applying the cyclic extension method according to an embodiment. The RX waveform is Figure 3 the waveform of the electrical signal Rx in the embodiment of

[0295] Figure 18 The 1801 in [description] represents the RX waveform before applying the cyclic extension method.

[0296] Figure 19 The 1901 in [description] represents the RX waveform after applying the cyclic extension method.

[0297] Reference Figure 18 , when applying the composite code corresponding to size 4 to the touch drive signal, in the RX waveform 1801 where the cyclic extension method is not applied, the orthogonality of the signal may be destroyed at the boundary points where the code value changes, thus possibly instantaneously generating values completely different from the original signal. Such signal peaks or distortions may cause malfunctions of the touch screen.

[0298] Reference Figure 19 , when applying the composite code corresponding to size 4 to the touch drive signal, in the RX waveform 1901 where the cyclic extension method is applied, compared with Figure 18 the comparative example of

[0299] Figure 20 This is a diagram showing an example of a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function is not applied. Figure 21 This is a diagram showing an example of a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function according to an embodiment is applied.

[0300] Figure 20 The 2001 in [ ] represents a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function is not applied.

[0301] Figure 21 The 2101 in [ ] represents a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function according to an embodiment is applied.

[0302] In the case where a guard period is inserted by applying a cyclic extension to a touch driving signal to which an orthogonal code (e.g., a composite code) is applied, when the original signal is confirmed at the receiving end of the touch sensing signal, a correct signal can be received, in which the destruction of the orthogonality of the signal is prevented or substantially prevented and no distortion is generated.

[0303] However, as in the example of the touch driving signal 2001 in Figure 20 when a smoothing function is not applied, the frequency band of the input signal may become wider at the boundary point of the orthogonal code.

[0304] As in Figure 21 the example of the touch driving signal 2101 in [ ], in the touch driving signal according to an embodiment, by applying a smoothing function to the guard period of the signal, discontinuous points can be converted into smooth connection points. Therefore, the touch driving unit can reduce the frequency band of the touch driving signal and can reduce noise.

[0305] Figure 22 This is a diagram showing an example of the frequency band of a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function is not applied.

[0306] Figure 23 This is a diagram showing an example of the frequency band of a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function according to an embodiment is applied.

[0307] Figure 22 The graph 2201 in [ ] represents a distribution graph of the frequency band of a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function is not applied.

[0308] Figure 23 The graph 2301 in [ ] represents a distribution graph of the frequency band of a touch driving signal to which a smoothing function according to an embodiment is applied.

[0309] Referring to Figure 22 the graph 2201 in [ ], when a smoothing function is not applied, the frequency band of the input signal is relatively wide.

[0310] Referring to Figure 23In the curve graph 2301, when a smoothing function is applied, the frequency band of the input signal is relatively reduced.

[0311] In Figure 22 and Figure 23 the horizontal axis indicates frequency, and the vertical axis indicates the amplitude V in dB scale rms .

[0312] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure described above, a touch driving unit (e.g., Figure 9 the touch driving circuit 400 in

[0313] can maintain the original frequency value of a touch driving signal to which an orthogonal code (e.g., a composite code) is applied by applying a smoothing function, so as to reduce the noise of the signal and reduce the frequency band, thereby preventing or substantially preventing EMI problems of other devices included in a mobile electronic device.

[0314] The foregoing shows some embodiments of the present disclosure and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although some embodiments have been described, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications of the embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood that unless otherwise stated, the description of a feature or aspect in each embodiment shall generally be considered applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. Thus, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that, unless otherwise expressly stated, the features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used alone or in combination with the features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with other embodiments. Accordingly, it will be understood that the foregoing shows various example embodiments and is not to be construed as limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and that various modifications of the disclosed embodiments as well as other example embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A display device, wherein, The display device includes: a display panel including a display layer configured to display an image and a touch layer on the display layer; and a touch driving circuit connected to a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes of the touch layer, wherein the touch driving circuit is configured to: determine a plurality of frequencies of a plurality of touch driving signals to be supplied to the plurality of first electrodes; assign the plurality of frequencies to the plurality of touch driving signals in ascending order; while sequentially changing a plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals, determine a first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize an accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio; update the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the first phase to a second phase by sequentially changing the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the second phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The touch driving circuit is further configured to: update the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the second phase to a third phase by sequentially changing the second phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the third phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: repetitively perform an operation of sequentially changing the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals a specified number of times to minimize the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio.

4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: according to Tx_sig i = Acos(2πf i t + θ i ) Determine the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, where Tx_sig i is the i-th touch driving signal, and θ i is the phase of the i-th touch driving signal.

5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: according to determine the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio, where sum_sig is the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio.

6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The touch driving circuit is configured to: determine a plurality of orthogonal codes of the plurality of touch driving signals; and output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the determined plurality of orthogonal codes.

7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: include the plurality of orthogonal codes in the plurality of touch driving signals; in each of the plurality of touch driving signals, add a guard period between a plurality of periods where a plurality of symbols of the plurality of orthogonal codes are transmitted; and output a smoothed signal to which a specified roll-off factor is applied in the added guard period.

8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: generate a cyclic suffix signal attached to the rear of an original signal by copying a first signal corresponding to a first symbol of the original signal and applying the roll-off factor to the copied first signal, the original signal including the plurality of symbols of the plurality of orthogonal codes; and generate a cyclic prefix signal attached to the front of the original signal by copying a second signal corresponding to the last symbol of the original signal and applying the roll-off factor to the copied second signal.

9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: according to T S = T B + 2T G Determine the total length of each of the plurality of touch drive signals, where T S is the total length of each of the plurality of touch drive signals, T B is the length of the original signal, and T G is the length of the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal.

10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: according to Generate the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal, where T is the total length of the smoothing signal and β is the roll-off factor.

11. A mobile electronic device, wherein, The mobile electronic device includes: A display panel, including a display layer configured to display an image and a touch layer on the display layer; and A touch driving circuit, connected to a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes of the touch layer, wherein the touch driving circuit is configured to: Determine a plurality of frequencies of a plurality of touch driving signals to be supplied to the plurality of first electrodes; Assign the plurality of frequencies to the plurality of touch driving signals in ascending order; While sequentially changing a plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals, determine a first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals to minimize an accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio; By sequentially changing the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, update the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the first phase to a second phase to minimize the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio; and Output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the second phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

12. The mobile electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, The touch driving circuit is further configured to: By sequentially changing the second phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, update the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals from the second phase to a third phase to minimize the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio; And Output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the plurality of frequencies and the third phase respectively assigned to the plurality of touch driving signals.

13. The mobile electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: Repeat the operation of sequentially changing the plurality of phases of the plurality of touch driving signals a specified number of times to minimize the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio.

14. The mobile electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: According to Tx_sig i =Acos(2πf i t+θ i ) Determine the first phase of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, where Tx_sig i is the i-th touch driving signal, and θ i is the phase of the i-th touch driving signal.

15. The mobile electronic device according to claim 14, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: According to Determine the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio, where sum_sig is the accumulated value of the peak-to-average ratio.

16. The mobile electronic device according to claim 11, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: Determine a plurality of orthogonal codes of the plurality of touch driving signals; and Output the plurality of touch driving signals based on the determined plurality of orthogonal codes.

17. The mobile electronic device according to claim 16, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: Include the plurality of orthogonal codes in the plurality of touch driving signals; In each of the plurality of touch driving signals, add a guard period between a plurality of periods where a plurality of symbols of the plurality of orthogonal codes are transmitted; And Output a smoothing signal to which a specified roll-off factor is applied in the added guard period.

18. The mobile electronic device according to claim 17, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: Generate a cyclic suffix signal attached to the rear of the original signal by copying a first signal corresponding to a first symbol of the original signal and applying the roll-off factor to the copied first signal, the original signal including the plurality of symbols of the plurality of orthogonal codes; And Generate a cyclic prefix signal attached to the front of the original signal by copying a second signal corresponding to the last symbol of the original signal and applying the roll-off factor to the copied second signal.

19. The mobile electronic device according to claim 18, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: According to T S = T B + 2T G Determine the total length of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, where T S is the total length of each of the plurality of touch driving signals, T B is the length of the original signal, and T G is the length of the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal.

20. The mobile electronic device according to claim 19, wherein, The touch driving circuit is configured to: according to generate the cyclic suffix signal or the cyclic prefix signal, where T is the total length of the smoothing signal, and β is the roll-off factor.

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