Tunnel water inrush identification method based on multi-index parameter and multi-mode combination

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel water inrush identification method based on multi-index parameter and multi-mode combination. The method comprises the steps of determining structural features of a to-be-identified tunnel in combination with regional geology and geological survey, and performing first type division on the to-be-identified tunnel based on the structural features in combination with ground stress features; the tensile fracture influence depth is calculated according to the rock tensile strength, and second type division is conducted on the basis of the first type division result in combination with the tensile fracture influence depth and the tensile fracture opening degree; and based on ground geophysical prospecting features, advanced geological forecast physical property parameters and the second type division result, determining the water burst risk of the to-be-identified tunnel. That is to say, by highlighting the internal relation of the structure-crustal stress-lithology-structural plane in the judgment of the water inrush of the tunnel and on the basis of analyzing geology and tunnel conditions, the judgment of the water inrush is realized by developing ground geophysical prospecting and advanced geological forecast detection during construction, and the judgment precision of the water inrush of the tunnel is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel water inrush identification, and particularly to a tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel water inrush identification is to identify potential water hazard risks through the monitoring, analysis and prediction of the sudden influx of groundwater during tunnel construction or operation, and take corresponding measures to ensure project safety.

[0003] In the prior art, it mainly includes geological condition analysis, geophysical exploration, real-time sensor monitoring, numerical simulation, and identification methods based on empirical formulas and machine learning. In addition, prevention and control measures such as advanced geological prediction, grouting reinforcement and drainage systems are also widely used. Regarding the identification criteria for tunnel water inrush, researchers have also proposed various evaluation factors and evaluation methods, mainly including natural geographical conditions, topography and geomorphology, formation lithology, geological structure, tunnel conditions, etc., and corresponding achievements have been obtained. However, there are still some problems in the current research. For example, the mechanism of water inrush has not been fully clarified, the internal connections between different indicators are ignored in various water inrush identification criteria, there are often certain errors in the identification of tunnel water inrush, the accuracy and real-time performance of monitoring technologies need to be improved, the accuracy of numerical simulation is limited by the complexity of geological conditions, and the generalization ability of machine learning algorithms is insufficient.

[0004] Therefore, in the related technologies, there is an urgent need for a method that can improve the accuracy and precision of water inrush identification. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes for the above technical problems, which can improve the accuracy and precision of water inrush identification.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes. The method includes:

[0007] Combining regional geology and geological surveys to determine the structural characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and making a first type of classification for the tunnel to be identified based on the structural characteristics combined with the in-situ stress characteristics;

[0008] Calculating the influence depth of tensile fractures according to the tensile strength of the rock, and making a second type of classification based on the results of the first type of classification combined with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures;

[0009] Determining the water inrush risk of the tunnel to be identified based on the surface geophysical exploration characteristics, the physical parameters of the advanced geological prediction combined with the results of the second type of classification.

[0010] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the structural features include structural properties, scale, lithology, and positional relationship.

[0011] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the formula for calculating the influence depth of tensile fractures based on the tensile strength of rock is:

[0012]

[0013] where d max is the extension depth of the open fracture, with the unit of m; T0 is the tensile strength of the rock, with the unit of Mpa; ρ r is the rock density, with the unit of kg / m 3 ; g is the specific weight, and the value is 9.8 N / kg.

[0014] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the second type of classification based on the first type of classification result, combined with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures, includes:

[0015] Combining the structural plane survey and the side window work to determine the structural plane characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and determining the water inrush risk of the tunnel to be identified based on the structural plane characteristics and the aperture of tensile fractures.

[0016] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the surface geophysical exploration features include the surface geophysical exploration resistivity features.

[0017] Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the physical parameters of the advanced geological prediction include seismic waves, static Young's modulus, and transient electromagnetic resistivity.

[0018] For the above-mentioned method for identifying tunnel water inrush based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes, first, combining the regional geology and geological survey to determine the structural features of the tunnel to be identified, and performing the first type of classification on the tunnel to be identified based on the structural features combined with the in-situ stress features; then, calculating the influence depth of tensile fractures according to the tensile strength of the rock, and performing the second type of classification based on the first type of classification result combined with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures; finally, determining the water inrush risk of the tunnel to be identified based on the surface geophysical exploration features, the physical parameters of the advanced geological prediction, and the second type of classification result. That is to say, by highlighting the internal connection of tectonics-in-situ stress-lithology-structural plane in the identification of tunnel water inrush, on the basis of analyzing the geological and tunnel conditions, through carrying out surface geophysical exploration and advanced geological prediction detection during construction, and applying physical parameters such as resistivity, wave velocity, and drilling revelation, the macroscopic identification of water inrush during the exploration period and the identification of water inrush characteristics 100 m in front of the tunnel face during construction are realized, further improving the accuracy of tunnel water inrush identification. Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic flow chart of a tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes in an embodiment;

[0020] Figure 2 Schematic flow chart of the specific steps of a tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes in an embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0022] In an embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, a tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes is provided. Taking the case where the method is applied to a Figure 1 server as an example, the method includes the following steps:

[0023] S201: Combine regional geology and geological surveys to determine the structural characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and based on the structural characteristics, combine the in-situ stress characteristics to perform a first type of classification on the tunnel to be identified.

[0024] In the embodiment of the present application, first, combine regional geology and geological surveys to obtain the relationship between the tunnel and the structure, determine the structural characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and based on different structural characteristics, combine the in-situ stress characteristics to perform a preliminary first type of classification on the tunnel to be identified. Different structural characteristics have different in-situ stress fields, and the corresponding in-situ stress fields control the characteristics of the rock mass structural planes. The in-situ stress characteristics include the maximum horizontal principal stress S H , the minimum horizontal principal stress S h and the vertical principal stress S v .

[0025] In an embodiment of the present application, the structural characteristics include structural nature, scale, lithology, and positional relationship.

[0026] In an embodiment of the present application, the structural characteristics include structural nature, scale, lithology, and positional relationship. Among them, the structural nature is divided into strike-slip faults, normal faults and thrust faults, the lithology is divided into hard rocks and soft rocks, and the positional relationship is divided into crossing and parallel structures.

[0027] The results of the first type of classification mainly include the following 7 modes:

[0028] Mode 1, strike-slip fault structure water control mode: The tunnel crosses a strike-slip fault, the structure is mainly shear, the maximum principal stress is mainly horizontal, and the in-situ stress characteristics S H >S v >Sh , under such in-situ stress characteristics, conjugate shear joints related to the fault often form on both sides of the strike-slip fault. The occurrence of the joint fissures is parallel to the strike-slip fault and at a relatively large angle. Especially in hard rock formations, tensile fissures are more likely to form, and they are mainly open, becoming obvious water-conducting fissures. The expected water inflow is relatively large when the tunnel passes through such tectonic features.

[0029] Mode 2, normal fault tectonic water control mode: The tunnel crosses a normal fault. The structure is mainly extensional, and the maximum principal stress is mainly vertical. The in-situ stress characteristics are S v >S H >S h , under such in-situ stress characteristics, vertical extensional fissures often occur in the core and hanging wall of the main normal fault under the influence of the structure. The occurrence of the fissures is relatively steep and open. The risk of water inrush is relatively high, the expected water volume is relatively large, and the risk of mud burst in the broken zone is high.

[0030] Mode 3, reverse fault tectonic water control mode: (1) The tunnel crosses the footwall of a thrust fault. The structure is mainly compressive and extensional, the lithology is mainly soft rock, and the maximum principal stress is mainly horizontal. The in-situ stress characteristics are S H >S h >S v , under such in-situ stress characteristics, horizontal compressive fissures are likely to occur in the footwall and its surrounding area. The horizontal compressive fissures have a certain degree of tensility, and a certain amount of sudden water inrush is expected. If the footwall is soft rock, a relatively water-resistant layer often forms. At the same time, the rock mass in the reverse fault is extremely broken, and water inrush and mud burst are likely to occur in the fault broken zone under the influence of groundwater. (2) The tunnel is closely parallel to the active thrust fault in the area. The structure is mainly compressive or shear extensional, the lithology is mainly hard rock, and the maximum principal stress is mainly horizontal. The in-situ stress characteristics are S H >S h >S v , under such in-situ stress characteristics, the branch fractures of the vertical active fracture often have an open nature and are easy to form open fissures. If the tunnel crosses the active fracture or its branch fracture, the risk of sudden water inrush faced by the surrounding tunnels is relatively high.

[0031] Mode 4, fault dike tectonic water control mode: The tunnel crosses a fault dike. The structure is mainly tensile, and the maximum principal stress is mainly vertical. The in-situ stress characteristics are S v >S H >S h , under the influence of such in-situ stress, a fissure zone or a broken zone is formed around the dike. The fissure zone corresponds to a certain high water inflow, and there is an obvious relationship with the local large water inflow.

[0032] Mode 5, lithological contact zone water control mode: The in-situ stress characteristics of the lithological contact zone are S v >S H >S hTaking the main part, when the strata below the contact surface are impermeable rock strata or weakly permeable strata to play a water-blocking role, and the strata above are strongly permeable strata, and the lithological contact surface and the open fissures formed by weathering and erosion provide water storage space, under good groundwater recharge conditions, groundwater is easily enriched near the lithological contact surface. When the lithological contact surface is an unconformable contact, the open fissure zone formed by weathering and erosion of the contact surface is more developed, the more easily groundwater is enriched, and the scale and degree of the water inrush and outburst disaster caused by tunnel excavation are also greater.

[0033] Mode 6, the water control mode of the joint intensive zone on both sides of the gully: Affected by the valley stress field, the rock masses on both sides of the gully are generally more fractured, or affected by structures such as faults, or affected by the terrain, the rock masses on both sides of the gully are generally more fractured, with developed joints and fissures, and the in-situ stress characteristics S v >S H >S h , there is a certain water-rich space. If it is superimposed with the thick overburden layer of the gully and the fault structure, a greater risk of water inrush and outburst will occur.

[0034] Mode 7, the water control mode in the slope area: The tunnel crosses the slope area, mainly with tectonic tension, and the maximum principal stress is mainly vertical, and the in-situ stress characteristics S v >S H >S h , under the influence of this in-situ stress, vertical tensile fissures are formed around the slope, and the tensile fissures have a great correlation with local large water inflows.

[0035] S203: Calculate the influence depth of the tensile fissures according to the tensile strength of the rock, and conduct the second type of division based on the first type of division result in combination with the influence depth of the tensile fissures and the opening degree of the tensile fissures.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, different tectonic characteristics have different in-situ stress fields, and the corresponding in-situ stress fields control the characteristics of the rock mass structural planes, especially the spatial distribution of tensile fissures in different structures. At the same time, for different lithologies, the development characteristics of tensile fissures are also different. On the basis of the first type of division based on tectonic properties - in-situ stress, conduct rock property and tensile strength analysis to determine the influence depth of the tensile fissures, and conduct the second type of division in combination with the opening degree of the tensile fissures. When there is no tectonic influence, preliminarily calculate the influence depth of the tensile fissures according to the tensile strength of the rock. Generally, the depth with a greater influence is within 500 - 1000 m. If the buried depth of the tunnel body is within this range, it is expected that the tunnel water inflow is large, and if it is greater than 1000 m, the water inflow risk is small. When there is tectonic influence, preliminarily calculate the influence depth of the tensile fissures according to the tensile strength of the rock. Under the influence of the structure, the tensile fissures extend deeper. Generally, the depth with a greater influence is within 500 - 2000 m. If the buried depth of the tunnel body is within this range, it is expected that the tunnel water inflow is large, and if the buried depth is greater than 2000 m, the water inrush risk is small.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, the formula for calculating the influence depth of tensile fractures based on the tensile strength of rock is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] where d max is the extension depth of the open fracture, with the unit of m; T0 is the tensile strength of the rock, with the unit of Mpa; ρ r is the rock density, with the unit of kg / m 3 ; g is the specific weight, and the value is 9.8 N / kg.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present application, the second type of classification based on the first type of classification result in combination with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures includes:

[0041] Combining the structural plane survey and the side window work to determine the structural plane characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and determining the water inrush risk of the tunnel to be identified based on the structural plane characteristics and the aperture of tensile fractures.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, carry out the structural plane survey and side window work of the water inrush section. There are certain characteristics in the spatial distribution of the rock mass damage zone, fracture zone, joint dense zone, and tensile fracture development zone caused by different structures. These positions often create conditions for groundwater runoff and storage. Determine the relationship between the tunnel body and the main structural plane (tensile fracture), carry out the measurement of the aperture of tensile fractures, and combine that the distribution range of tensile fractures along the strike is limited. After the second type of classification, it is mainly divided into the following 3 categories:

[0043] (1) The tunnel body is parallel to the main structural plane, the length of the section passing through the tensile fracture is long, the water inflow of the tunnel is extremely large, and the length of the continuous water inrush section is long.

[0044] (2) The tunnel body is at an oblique angle to the main structural plane, the length of the section passing through the tensile fracture is a certain length, the water inflow of the tunnel is relatively large, and the length of the continuous water inrush section is relatively long.

[0045] (3) The tunnel body is perpendicular to the main structural plane, the length of the section passing through the tensile fracture is short, the water inflow of the tunnel is small, and the length of the continuous water inrush section is short.

[0046] S205: Determine the water inrush risk of the tunnel to be identified based on the surface geophysical exploration characteristics, the physical properties parameters of the advanced geological prediction in combination with the second type of classification result.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present application, based on the division of the first type and the second type of structure-geostress-lithology-joint plane, the advanced detection work of aerial and ground geophysical prospecting is carried out to obtain the ground geophysical prospecting characteristics and the physical parameters of the advanced geological prediction. The identification of the water inrush section is further strengthened to determine the water inrush risk of the tunnel to be identified. Among them, for the water-rich positions obtained according to the 7 structural water control modes, due to the complexity and uncertainty of structural water control, in order to ensure that the water inrush risk faced by the tunnel is explored in advance, the corresponding advanced detection work, including transient electromagnetic method, seismic wave reflection method, etc., is carried out 100m in advance.

[0048] Specifically, in an embodiment of the present application, the ground geophysical prospecting characteristics include the ground geophysical prospecting resistivity characteristics.

[0049] In an embodiment of the present application, the ground geophysical prospecting characteristics mainly include 3 aspects, which can realize the macroscopic identification of tunnel water inrush, including:

[0050] 1) The ground geophysical prospecting resistivity shows an obvious low-resistance gradient zone, and the expected water volume is large on the high-resistance side of the gradient change zone.

[0051] 2) The ground geophysical prospecting resistivity shows a slight low-resistance gradient zone, and a certain amount of water is expected on the high-resistance side of the gradient change zone.

[0052] 3) The ground geophysical prospecting resistivity is relatively uniform, and the tunnel water inrush risk is small.

[0053] In an embodiment of the present application, the physical parameters of the advanced geological prediction include seismic waves, static Young's modulus, and transient electromagnetic resistivity.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present application, the physical parameters of the advanced geological prediction include seismic waves, static Young's modulus, and transient electromagnetic resistivity. Four water-rich physical parameter combinations can be obtained by combining them with the joint plane. The specific tunnel water-richness identification results are as follows:

[0055] 1) For the seismic wave reflection method, the longitudinal wave remains unchanged or increases, the transverse wave decreases significantly, and the ratio of the longitudinal wave to the transverse wave increases significantly.

[0056] The static Young's modulus remains unchanged or increases, the transient electromagnetic resistivity gradient zone and low-resistance area, and the joint plane is developed and extends for a long distance, indicating that the relatively intact rock mass is water-rich.

[0057] 2) For the seismic wave reflection method, the longitudinal wave decreases, the transverse wave decreases significantly, and the ratio of the longitudinal wave to the transverse wave increases. The static Young's modulus decreases slightly, the transient electromagnetic resistivity gradient zone and low-resistance area, and the joint plane is developed and extends for a long distance.

[0058] It is relatively fractured and water-rich.

[0059] 3) In the seismic wave reflection method, the longitudinal wave changes complexly, the transverse wave decreases, the ratio of longitudinal wave to transverse wave increases significantly, the static Young's modulus decreases significantly, there are transient electromagnetic resistivity gradient zones and low-resistance zones, and the structural planes are short and few.

[0060] It is rich in water for fractured and weak rock masses.

[0061] 4) In the seismic wave reflection method, the longitudinal wave in the front section decreases, the static Young's modulus decreases, and the longitudinal wave in the subsequent short rock mass increases.

[0062] The ratio of longitudinal wave to transverse wave increases, the static Young's modulus is relatively high, there are transient electromagnetic resistivity gradient zones and low-resistance zones.

[0063] The structural planes in the front section are short and few, which means there is a risk of water-rich and mud gushing in the fractured and weak rock masses in the front section.

[0064] According to the identification conclusions of geophysical prospecting and advanced detection, the advanced horizontal drilling work for the tunnel face is formulated, mainly including the advanced horizontal drilling 30m in front of the tunnel face and the long-distance horizontal drilling (more than 100m) passing through the entire water-rich section, further verifying the relevant conclusions, and formulating corresponding treatment measures, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing and lowering the risk of sudden water inrush.

[0065] In an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 2 shown, it is a flowchart of a tunnel sudden water inrush identification method based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes in a specific embodiment. It should be noted that on the basis of the above analysis of the single structural water control mode, the structural water control mode combination in which the tunnel is located is analyzed in combination with the geological conditions faced by different tunnels. When the structural water control mode corresponding to the first type of division result in which the tunnel is located is formed by a combination of multiple modes, such as the following mode combinations exist in the tunnel body: such as mode 3 + mode 1, mode 1 (mode 2, mode 3) + mode 6 + mode 7, mode 3 + mode 2, mode 1 + mode 5, mode 2 + mode 5, mode 3 + mode 5, the risk of sudden water inrush faced by the tunnel will be further increased. Then, the analysis of the mode combination is further carried out, and the risk of sudden water inrush and the section faced by the tunnel are comprehensively judged in combination with the preliminary judgment results of each mode and the actual situation, and the corresponding risk level prompt is improved.

[0066] In the above-described method for identifying sudden water inrush in tunnels by combining multiple index parameters and multiple modes, first, the structural characteristics of the tunnel to be identified are determined by combining regional geology and geological surveys. Based on the structural characteristics and in combination with the in-situ stress characteristics, the tunnel to be identified is divided into the first type. Then, the influence depth of tensile fractures is calculated according to the tensile strength of the rock. Based on the results of the first type of division, in combination with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures, a second type of division is carried out. Finally, based on the characteristics of surface geophysical exploration, the physical property parameters of advanced geological prediction, and in combination with the results of the second type of division, the risk of sudden water inrush in the tunnel to be identified is determined. That is to say, by highlighting the internal relationship between the prominent structure - in-situ stress - lithology - structural plane in the identification of sudden water inrush in tunnels, on the basis of analyzing geological and tunnel conditions, through carrying out surface geophysical exploration surveys and advanced geological prediction detection during construction, and applying physical property parameters such as resistivity, wave velocity, and drilling revelation, the macroscopic identification of sudden water inrush during the exploration period and the identification of the characteristics of sudden water inrush 100m in front of the tunnel face during construction are realized, further improving the accuracy of identifying sudden water inrush in tunnels.

[0067] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-described embodiments are shown in sequence according to the arrows, these steps do not necessarily have to be executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless there is a clear indication in this article, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and these steps can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts involved in the above-described embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages do not necessarily have to be executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages does not necessarily have to be sequential, but can be executed alternately or in rotation with at least some of the steps or stages in other steps or other steps.

[0068] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes of implementing the methods in the above embodiments can be completed by instructing relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Among them, any reference to a memory, database, or other medium provided in the various embodiments of the present application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memories. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random-access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random-access memory

[0069] (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory, MRAM), Ferroelectric Random Access Memory (FRAM), Phase Change Memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory may include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), etc. The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one of relational databases and non-relational databases. Non-relational databases may include distributed databases based on blockchain, etc., without limitation. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processors, graphics processors, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, data processing logics based on quantum computing, etc., without limitation.

[0070] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0071] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation manners of this application. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the patent scope of this application. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of this application, several modifications and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for identifying tunnel water inrush based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes, characterized in that, The method includes: Combining regional geology and geological surveys to determine the structural characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and based on the structural characteristics, combining with in-situ stress characteristics to conduct the first type of classification on the tunnel to be identified; Calculating the influence depth of tensile fractures according to the tensile strength of the rock, and based on the results of the first type of classification, combining with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures to conduct the second type of classification; Based on the surface geophysical exploration characteristics and the physical property parameters of the advanced geological prediction, combining with the results of the second type of classification to determine the water inrush and gushing risk of the tunnel to be identified.

2. The tunnel water inrush identification method based on the combination of multi-index parameters and multi-modes according to claim 1, wherein The structural characteristics include structural nature, scale, lithology, and positional relationship.

3. A method for identifying tunnel water inrush based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes according to claim 1, characterized in that The formula for calculating the influence depth of tensile fractures according to the tensile strength of the rock is: Among them, d max is the extension depth of the opening crack, with the unit of m; T0 is the tensile strength of the rock, with the unit of Mpa; ρ r is the rock density, with the unit of kg / m 3 ; g is the specific weight, and the value is 9.8 N / kg.

4. A method for identifying tunnel water inrush based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes according to claim 1, characterized in that The conduct of the second type of classification based on the results of the first type of classification, combining with the influence depth of tensile fractures and the aperture of tensile fractures includes: Combining the structural plane survey and side window work to determine the structural plane characteristics of the tunnel to be identified, and based on the structural plane characteristics and the aperture of tensile fractures to determine the water inrush and gushing risk of the tunnel to be identified.

5. A method for identifying tunnel water inrush based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface geophysical exploration characteristics include surface geophysical exploration resistivity characteristics.

6. A method for identifying sudden water inrush in tunnels based on the combination of multiple index parameters and multiple modes according to claim 1, characterized in that The physical property parameters of the advanced geological prediction include seismic waves, static Young's modulus, and transient electromagnetic resistivity.

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