Modular agricultural field trial planting cultivation system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of experimental planting culture, and discloses a modular agricultural field test planting culture system, which comprises a plurality of groups of culture racks that are spliced with each other, and a support assembly that is engaged and connected with the inner wall of a planting culture box through a gear engagement assembly; a driving power unit drives the planting culture box to adjust the position up and down through the gear engagement assembly, at the same time, the gear engagement assembly also aerates and oxygenates and stirs the water and fertilizer tank fixed on the inner wall of the planting culture box, and makes the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank injected into the planting culture box. By adjusting the height of the planting culture box, the relative positions of the plants, light source, heat source and field air flow can be accurately controlled, and the plant growth requirements can be accurately adapted. At the same time, the water and fertilizer nutrient solution can be stirred, air can be introduced into the water and fertilizer tank, the water and fertilizer tank can be aerated and oxygenated, the soil in the planting culture box can be fertilized, and the soil nutrition can be ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental planting and cultivation technology, specifically a modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of agricultural field experiments, precise and efficient planting and cultivation are crucial for advancing agricultural scientific research. However, existing planting and cultivation systems have many drawbacks and are unable to meet the needs of modern agricultural research.

[0003] During plant growth, different plant species and different growth stages of the same plant have significantly different requirements for environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity. For example, some sun-loving plants require strong light during the seedling stage to promote photosynthesis and cultivate strong seedlings. However, existing fixed-height planting facilities cannot flexibly adjust the relative position of the plant and the light source, making it difficult to meet such needs and thus affecting plant growth and development.

[0004] Traditional planting and cultivation systems also have significant drawbacks in field management. During frequent agricultural activities such as watering, fertilizing, and pest and disease control, operators need to spend considerable time and energy moving between different planting areas. Furthermore, because the planting facilities are at fixed heights, managing plants at higher or lower elevations often requires additional climbing tools or excessive bending, resulting in high labor intensity, low efficiency, and potentially poor management outcomes due to operational inconvenience. For example, in fertilization, it is difficult to ensure that fertilizer is evenly distributed to the roots of each plant, affecting fertilizer utilization. Therefore, we have introduced a modular agricultural field trial planting and cultivation system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system includes several sets of interconnected cultivation racks. Planting cultivation boxes are symmetrically slidably connected to both sides of the inside of the cultivation racks. A support assembly is provided in the center of the inside of the cultivation racks. The support assembly is connected to the inner wall of the planting cultivation box by a gear meshing component.

[0008] The upper middle part of the planting cultivation box is fixed with a drive power unit by a cross frame. The drive power unit drives the planting cultivation box to adjust its vertical position through a gear meshing assembly. At the same time, the gear meshing assembly also aerates and agitates the water and fertilizer tank fixed on the inner wall of the planting cultivation box, and injects the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank into the planting cultivation box.

[0009] Preferably, the front and rear sides of the planting culture box are provided with sliding protrusions, which slide in the grooves of the inner wall of the culture rack, and the top of the sliding protrusions is provided with limiting protrusions.

[0010] Preferably, the support assembly includes a limiting cylinder fixed to the side of the culture rack by two sets of connecting plates at the front and back, vertical through grooves symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the limiting cylinder, and connecting ear plates symmetrically fixed to the outer wall of the vertical through groove at the front and back.

[0011] Preferably, the gear meshing assembly includes a rotating cylinder movably connected between two sets of connecting lugs by a pin shaft, a cylinder fixed at the inner end of the rotating cylinder by an inner arm, an arc-shaped external gear seat fixed at the outer end of the rotating cylinder by several sets of outer arms, a rotating shaft symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the support assembly and movably connected inside the culture rack, a central gear fixed in the center on the rotating shaft, and side gears symmetrically fixed on the front and rear sides of the central gear on the rotating shaft.

[0012] The arc-shaped external gear seat meshes with the corresponding central gear, and the side gear meshes with the rack fixed on the inner wall of the planting culture box.

[0013] Preferably, the drive power unit includes an electric cylinder fixed at the middle of the upper end of the cross frame, a piston rod connected to the bottom output end of the electric cylinder, and an I-shaped disc fixed after the bottom of the piston rod passes through the cross frame;

[0014] The I-shaped disc is inserted into the limiting cylinder, and the cylinder is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc.

[0015] Preferably, the outer diameter of the arc-shaped external gear seat is larger than the outer diameter of the central gear, and the outer diameter of the side gear is larger than the outer diameter of the central gear.

[0016] Preferably, a control display screen is fixed to the side of the crossbar, and the control display screen has a built-in PLC, which is electrically connected to the electric cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, the two ends of the rotating shaft pass through the water and fertilizer tank and the cultivation rack in sequence and are fixed with air collecting fan blades. The air collecting fan blades are located inside the air collecting hood on the outside of the cultivation rack. The outer end of the air collecting hood is provided with an air inlet groove. The upper part of the inner end of the air collecting hood is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer tank by an air guide pipe. The water and fertilizer tank is connected to the inside of the planting cultivation box by a flexible hose in a H-shaped pipe. Both the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped pipe are provided with spray outlets. Drainage holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting cultivation box.

[0018] Preferably, a rubber plate is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft using a connecting arm, and both the connecting arm and the rubber plate are located inside the water and fertilizer tank.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: by adjusting the height of the planting and cultivation box, this invention can precisely control the relative positions of plants with light sources, heat sources, and airflow in the field, accurately adapting to the plant's growth needs. Simultaneously, it can agitate the nutrient solution and introduce air into the box, aerating and oxygenating it to prevent the nutrient solution from becoming foul due to oxygen deficiency, thus ensuring sufficient soil nutrients for fertilization. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the planting incubator after the height has been increased;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the water and fertilizer tank, the support assembly, and the culture rack of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure connecting the I-shaped disk and the cylinder of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the central gear, the side gear, and the rotating shaft in this invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the connection between the I-shaped disk, cylinder, arc-shaped external gear seat, and central gear of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the planting incubator of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the planting incubator of the present invention after the height has been reduced;

[0028] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Cultivation rack; 101. Slide groove; 2. Universal casters; 3. Planting cultivation box; 31. Sliding joint protrusion; 32. H-shaped pipe; 33. Spray outlet; 34. Limiting protrusion; 35. Drainage hole; 4. Horizontal frame; 5. Electric cylinder; 6. Gas collection hood; 61. Air inlet slot; 62. Air guide pipe; 7. Water and fertilizer tank; 71. Flexible hose; 72. Injection pipe; 8. Rack and pinion; 9. Control display screen; 10. Connecting plate; 11. Limiting cylinder; 110. Vertical through slot; 111. Connecting ear plate; 12. I-shaped disc; 13. Piston rod; 14. Cylinder; 15. Arc-shaped external gear seat; 16. Rotary cylinder; 17. Pin; 18. Outer arm; 19. Inner arm; 20. Central gear; 21. Side gear; 22. Rotary shaft; 23. Connecting arm; 24. Rubber plate; 25. Air collecting fan blade. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example:

[0033] Please see Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] A modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system includes several sets of interconnected cultivation racks 1. The cultivation racks 1 are made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and their frame structure is carefully designed. Each splicing part is fixed by a combination of mortise and tenon joints and bolts. This splicing method is not only convenient to install, but also greatly enhances the overall stability of the cultivation rack compared to a single connection method, making it less prone to deformation or shaking when supporting the planting cultivation box 3 and other equipment.

[0035] The bottom of the culture rack 1 is equipped with universal casters 2 to enable the culture rack 1 to be moved and transported.

[0036] The omnidirectional casters 2 at the bottom of the culture rack 1 are made of high-load-bearing, wear-resistant rubber wheels with braking function. The braking device adopts a foot pedal design, which is easy to operate. When it is necessary to move the culture rack 1, release the brake, and the omnidirectional casters 2 can turn 360 degrees flexibly to easily change the direction of movement of the culture rack; after reaching the designated position, step on the brake to fix the culture rack firmly in place and prevent it from moving accidentally.

[0037] The cultivation rack 1 has symmetrically sliding planting cultivation boxes 3 on both sides inside. The planting cultivation boxes 3 are made of double-layer heat-insulating plastic material. The inner layer is food-grade plastic to ensure that there is no pollution to the crop growth environment. The outer layer is a heat-insulating layer, which can effectively reduce the impact of external temperature on the soil and crop growth environment inside the box.

[0038] The planting culture box 3 has sliding protrusions 31 centered on both the front and rear sides. The sliding protrusions 31 slide in the grooves 101 on the inner wall of the culture rack 1, and the top of the sliding protrusions 31 is provided with limiting protrusions 34. This arrangement ensures that the planting culture box 3 is always in a vertical position when it moves up and down relative to the culture rack 1 to adjust its position.

[0039] The culture rack 1 has a support assembly centrally located inside. The support assembly includes a limiting cylinder 11 fixed to the side of the culture rack 1 by two sets of connecting plates 10, vertical through grooves 110 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the limiting cylinder 11, and connecting ear plates 111 symmetrically fixed to the outer wall of the vertical through grooves 110. The connecting plates 10, the limiting cylinders 11, and the connecting ear plates 111 are integrally formed. The outer ends of the connecting plates 10 are welded or bolted to the inner wall of the culture rack 1, which can further enhance the structural strength of the culture rack 1.

[0040] The connecting plate 10, limiting cylinder 11, and connecting ear plate 111 of the support assembly are made of one-piece molded high-strength engineering plastic. This material ensures both structural strength and good corrosion resistance, making it suitable for the complex environment of agricultural fields. In addition to welding and bolting, the connection between the outer end of the connecting plate 10 and the inner wall of the cultivation rack 1 is achieved by applying high-strength sealant to the connection point. This further enhances the sealing and firmness of the connection, preventing rust or loosening due to moisture erosion and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0041] The support assembly is connected to the inner wall of the planting culture box 3 by a gear meshing assembly;

[0042] The gear meshing assembly includes a rotating cylinder 16 movably connected between two sets of connecting lugs 111 by a pin 17, a cylinder 14 fixed at the inner end of the rotating cylinder 16 by an inner arm 19, an arc-shaped external gear seat 15 fixed at the outer end of the rotating cylinder 16 by several sets of outer arms 18, a rotating shaft 22 symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the support assembly and movably connected inside the culture rack 1, a central gear 20 fixed in the center on the rotating shaft 22, and side gears 21 symmetrically fixed on the front and rear sides of the central gear 20 on the rotating shaft 22.

[0043] The arc-shaped external gear seat 15 meshes with the corresponding central gear 20, and the side gear 21 meshes with the rack 8 fixed on the inner wall of the planting culture box 3.

[0044] The upper middle part of the planting incubator 3 is fixed with a drive power unit via a cross frame 4. The drive power unit includes an electric cylinder 5 fixed at the upper middle part of the cross frame 4, a piston rod 13 connected to the bottom output end of the electric cylinder 5, and an I-shaped disc 12 fixed after the bottom of the piston rod 13 passes through the cross frame 4.

[0045] The I-shaped disc 12 is inserted into the limiting cylinder 11, so that the I-shaped disc 12 can move vertically up and down under the limiting action of the limiting cylinder 11.

[0046] Furthermore, the cylinder 14 is locked in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc 12. With this arrangement, when the electric cylinder 5 drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move up and down through the piston rod 13, the cylinder 14 is always locked in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc 12. This allows the arc-shaped external gear seat 15, the rotating cylinder 16, the outer arm 18, the inner arm 19, and the cylinder 14 to rotate as a whole around the pin 17 by moving the I-shaped disc 12 up and down.

[0047] The rotating drum 16 and the pin shaft 17 are connected by a high-precision ball bearing. This connection method can effectively reduce the friction when the rotating drum 16 rotates, so that the rotating drum 16 can rotate more smoothly and efficiently under the drive of the I-shaped disc 12, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the entire gear meshing assembly.

[0048] The arc-shaped external gear seat 15 is made of special alloy steel and its surface is carburized and quenched, giving it high hardness and good wear resistance. When meshing with the middle gear 20, it can withstand a large torque, ensuring the stability and reliability of the transmission.

[0049] The central gear 20 and the side gear 21 can also adopt a helical gear design. Compared with straight gears, the meshing method of helical gears can make the gears more stable during transmission, reduce impact and noise, and increase the load-bearing capacity of the gears, ensuring the stability of the planting and cultivation box 3 during up and down movement.

[0050] The electric cylinder 5 drives the I-shaped disc 12 upward via the piston rod 13. The arc-shaped external gear seat 15, the rotating cylinder 16, the outer arm 18, the inner arm 19, and the cylinder 14 rotate as a whole around the pin 17, causing the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 to rotate downward. The arc-shaped external gear seat 15 drives the rotating shaft 22 and the side gear 21 on the rotating shaft 22 to rotate via the central gear 20. Through the meshing of the side gear 21 and the rack 8, the planting culture box 3 moves upward (e.g., ...). Figure 1 and 6 (as shown);

[0051] The electric cylinder 5 drives the I-shaped disc 12 downward via the piston rod 13. The arc-shaped external gear seat 15, the rotating cylinder 16, the outer arm 18, the inner arm 19, and the cylinder 14 rotate as a whole around the pin 17, causing the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 to rotate upward. The arc-shaped external gear seat 15 drives the rotating shaft 22 and the side gear 21 on the rotating shaft 22 to rotate via the central gear 20. Through the meshing of the side gear 21 and the rack 8, the planting culture box 3 moves downward (e.g., ...). Figure 8 and 9 (As shown).

[0052] The electric cylinder 5 is a high-precision, high-thrust servo electric cylinder with an advanced encoder feedback system inside, which can precisely control the extension and retraction length of the piston rod 13, with a control accuracy of ±0.1mm. This makes the position adjustment of the planting and cultivation box 3 more precise, meeting the precise height requirements of different crops at different growth stages.

[0053] Precisely tailored to plant growth needs: Different plant species have varying requirements for environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity at different stages of growth. By flexibly adjusting the height of the planting cultivation box 3, the relative position of the plant to the light source, heat source, and airflow in the field can be precisely controlled. For example, during the seedling stage, raising the planting cultivation box brings the seedlings closer to the supplemental lighting, meeting their need for stronger light, promoting photosynthesis, and cultivating strong seedlings. As the plants gradually grow, lowering the height of the planting cultivation box keeps them within a suitable temperature and humidity range, preventing unsuitable environmental factors from affecting their growth and development.

[0054] Optimizing field management operations: During agricultural field trials, frequent watering, fertilization, and pest and disease control are required. The height-adjustable planting and cultivation box 3 greatly facilitates these agricultural activities. For example, when fertilizing, adjusting the planting and cultivation box to a suitable height allows operators to easily complete the fertilization operation without excessive bending or the use of additional climbing tools, improving work efficiency and reducing labor intensity. When spraying pesticides for pest and disease control, adjusting the height of the planting and cultivation box ensures even spray coverage of the plants, guaranteeing effective control.

[0055] Improving the accuracy of experimental data: Agricultural field trials aim to obtain precise plant growth data to assess the impact of different planting conditions on plants. The adjustable height of the planting chamber 3 helps maintain the consistency of experimental conditions. For example, in experiments comparing the effects of different fertilizers on plant growth, adjusting all planting chambers to the same height ensures that environmental factors such as light and temperature are consistent across all experimental groups, eliminating environmental interference caused by height differences. This guarantees the accuracy and reliability of experimental data, providing solid data support for scientific research.

[0056] The connection between the I-shaped disc 12 and the piston rod 13 adopts a high-strength threaded connection, and anti-loosening nuts and locking washers are added at the connection to ensure that the I-shaped disc 12 will not loosen and separate from the piston rod 13 due to vibration or frequent movement during long-term use, thus ensuring the stable operation of the drive power unit.

[0057] The outer diameter of the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the middle gear 20. Thus, when the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 rotates, the middle gear 20 can drive the rotating shaft 22, the air collecting fan blade 25 on the rotating shaft 22, the connecting arm 23, and the rubber plate 24 to rotate quickly.

[0058] The connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 rotate rapidly inside the water and fertilizer tank 7, which can ensure that the water and fertilizer nutrient solution inside the water and fertilizer tank 7 is fully stirred.

[0059] The air collecting fan blades 25 rotate rapidly inside the air collecting hood 6, which can draw outside air into the air collecting hood 6 through the air inlet slot 61, and introduce the air inside the air collecting hood 6 into the water and fertilizer tank 7 through the air guide pipe 62. When the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 stir the water and fertilizer nutrient solution inside the water and fertilizer tank 7, the oxygen in the air can be rapidly mixed with the water and fertilizer nutrient solution to achieve aeration and oxygenation of the water and fertilizer nutrient solution and prevent the water and fertilizer nutrient solution from becoming oxygen-deficient and smelly.

[0060] The outer diameter of the side gear 21 is larger than that of the central gear 20. This arrangement allows the rotating shaft 22 to move up and down at a moderate speed through the meshing of the side gear 21 and the rack 8, ensuring that the position adjustment speed is moderate.

[0061] A control display screen 9 is fixed to the side of the cross frame 4. The control display screen 9 has a built-in PLC. The PLC is electrically connected to the electric cylinder 5 and controls the operation of the electric cylinder 5.

[0062] The plant cultivation box 3 is also equipped with soil oxygen content sensor, soil moisture content sensor and soil temperature sensor, which are electrically connected to PLC and used to display the detection data through control display screen 9.

[0063] The soil oxygen content sensor, which uses the electrochemical principle, is installed at different depths in the soil inside the planting cultivation box 3 to detect the oxygen content in the soil in real time and transmit the detected data to the control display screen 9 for display.

[0064] The soil moisture content sensor, which uses capacitive sensing technology, is distributed in the soil layer at the bottom and around the planting cultivation box 3. It can accurately measure the soil moisture content and transmit the detection data to the control display screen 9 for display.

[0065] The soil temperature sensor, a thermistor type, is evenly buried in the soil within the planting and cultivation box 3. It can monitor the soil temperature in real time, and the detected data is transmitted to the control display screen 9 for display.

[0066] The water and fertilizer tank 7 is made of food-grade stainless steel, offering excellent corrosion resistance and hygiene. It is equipped with a liquid level sensor connected to the PLC on the control display screen 9, which monitors the liquid level in the tank 7 in real time. When the liquid level falls below the set value, the PLC will issue an alarm via the control display screen 9, reminding the operator to add nutrient solution promptly. The injection pipe 72 uses a quick-connect design, allowing for easy connection and disconnection for adding nutrient solution. A filter screen is also installed at the inlet of the injection pipe 72 to prevent impurities from entering the water and fertilizer tank 7 and affecting crop growth. A sealing plug is also provided at the top of the injection pipe 72.

[0067] The drive unit drives the planting and cultivation box 3 to adjust its vertical position through the gear meshing assembly. At the same time, the gear meshing assembly also aerates and stirs the water and fertilizer tank 7 fixed on the inner wall of the planting and cultivation box 3, and injects the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank 7 into the planting and cultivation box 3.

[0068] After the two ends of the rotating shaft 22 pass through the water and fertilizer tank 7 and the culture rack 1 in sequence, the air collecting fan blades 25 are fixed. The air collecting fan blades 25 are located inside the air collecting hood 6 outside the culture rack 1. The outer end of the air collecting hood 6 is provided with an air inlet groove 61. The upper part of the inner end of the air collecting hood 6 is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer tank 7 by an air guide pipe 62.

[0069] The water and fertilizer tank 7 is connected to the inside of the planting and cultivation box 3 by a flexible hose 71 in a H-shaped pipe 32. Both the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped pipe 32 are equipped with spray outlets 33.

[0070] The H-shaped pipe 32 is made of corrosion-resistant PVC material. Its wall thickness has been optimized to ensure that it will not rupture under the pressure inside the water and fertilizer tank 7, and to ensure that the water flow and fertilizer spray at the spray outlet 33 are uniform.

[0071] After the air in the air collection hood 6 is introduced into the water and fertilizer tank 7 through the air guide pipe 62, the water and fertilizer tank 7 is pressurized. Under the action of the air pressure inside the water and fertilizer tank 7, the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank 7 can be pressed into the H-shaped pipe 32 through the hose 71, and finally flow out into the planting and cultivation box 3 through the spray outlet 33. While fertilizing the soil inside the planting and cultivation box 3, air is also introduced to ensure the oxygen content in the soil.

[0072] The bottom of the planting and cultivation box 3 is evenly distributed with drainage holes 35, which can be used to drain excess water and fertilizer solution.

[0073] An injection pipe 72 is located at the center of the top of the water and fertilizer tank 7, through which water and fertilizer nutrient solution is injected into the water and fertilizer tank 7;

[0074] A rubber plate 24 is fixed to the surface of the rotating shaft 22 by a connecting arm 23. Both the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 are located inside the water-fertilizer tank 7. When the rotating shaft 22 rotates, it stirs the water-fertilizer nutrient solution through the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24. The rubber plate 24 can also be pressed tightly against the inner wall of the water-fertilizer tank 7, so as to stir the water-fertilizer nutrient solution and scrape up the nutrients deposited on the inner wall of the water-fertilizer tank 7 at the same time.

[0075] Specifically, during use, the operator sends instructions to the PLC through the control display screen 9, and the PLC controls the electric cylinder 5 to work.

[0076] When the piston rod 13 of the electric cylinder 5 extends upward, it drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move upward. Since the cylinder 14 is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc 12, the upward movement of the I-shaped disc 12 will cause the cylinder 14 to push the rotating cylinder 16 to rotate around the pin 17, which in turn drives the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 to rotate downward.

[0077] The arc-shaped external gear seat 15 meshes with the central gear 20. The rotation of the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 drives the rotating shaft 22 to rotate through the central gear 20. The side gear 21 on the rotating shaft 22 meshes with the rack 8 on the inner wall of the planting culture box 3, thereby realizing the upward movement of the planting culture box 3.

[0078] Conversely, when the piston rod 13 of the electric cylinder 5 retracts downward, it drives the I-shaped disc 12 to move downward, causing the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 to rotate upward. Through the transmission of the central gear 20 and the side gear 21, the planting culture box 3 moves downward.

[0079] Because the outer diameter of the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 is larger than the outer diameter of the central gear 20, and the outer diameter of the side gear 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the central gear 20, this gear diameter design ensures that the planting and cultivation box 3 moves at a moderate speed when moving up and down, neither too fast, which would make the operation difficult to control, nor too slow, which would affect work efficiency.

[0080] As the arc-shaped external gear seat 15 rotates, driving the central gear 20 and the rotating shaft 22 to rotate, the air collecting fan blades 25, connecting arms 23, and rubber plates 24 at both ends of the rotating shaft 22 also rotate rapidly.

[0081] The air collecting fan blade 25 rotates inside the air collecting hood 6, drawing outside air into the air collecting hood 6 through the air inlet slot 61, and then introducing the air into the water and fertilizer tank 7 through the air guide pipe 62, thereby aerating and oxygenating the water and fertilizer tank 7 and preventing the water and fertilizer nutrient solution from smelling bad due to lack of oxygen.

[0082] Meanwhile, the connecting arm 23 and the rubber plate 24 rotate rapidly inside the water and fertilizer tank 7. The rubber plate 24 is in close contact with the inner wall of the water and fertilizer tank 7, which can not only fully stir the water and fertilizer nutrient solution and make the fertilizer evenly mixed, but also scrape up the nutrients deposited on the inner wall of the water and fertilizer tank 7, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0083] When the air pressure inside the water-fertilizer tank 7 increases due to the air intake fan blades 25, the nutrient solution inside the tank is forced into the zigzag pipe 32 via the hose 71 under the pressure difference. The nozzles 33 at the upper and lower ends of the zigzag pipe 32 evenly spray the nutrient solution onto the soil in the planting and cultivation box 3, thus fertilizing the crops. Simultaneously, the nutrient solution sprayed from the nozzles 33 also contains air, further increasing the oxygen content in the soil and providing a more favorable environment for crop growth.

[0084] Soil parameter detection principle: The soil oxygen content sensor, based on electrochemical principles, is installed at different depths within the planting cultivation box 3 to detect the oxygen content in the soil in real time and transmit the data to the control display screen 9 for display. The soil moisture content sensor, utilizing capacitive sensing technology, is distributed in the soil layers at the bottom and around the planting cultivation box 3 to accurately measure the soil moisture content and transmit the data to the control display screen 9. The soil temperature sensor, a thermistor sensor, is evenly buried in the soil within the planting cultivation box 3 to monitor the soil temperature in real time, and the detection data is also transmitted to the control display screen 9. Operators can adjust irrigation, fertilization, and other operations via PLC based on the soil parameters displayed on the control display screen 9 to meet the soil environmental requirements of crops at different growth stages.

[0085] The drainage holes 35 evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting and cultivation box 3 are used to drain excess water and fertilizer solution. During irrigation or fertilization, if there is too much water and fertilizer solution in the box, the excess solution will be drained through the drainage holes 35, preventing the soil from being negatively affected by excessive water or fertilizer and hindering crop growth. The diameter of the drainage holes 35 is rationally designed to ensure the smooth drainage of excess nutrient solution while preventing soil particle loss.

[0086] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system, comprising several sets of interconnected cultivation racks, characterized in that: The cultivation rack has planting culture boxes symmetrically slidably connected to both sides of its interior. A support assembly is located in the center of the cultivation rack. The support assembly is connected to the inner wall of the planting culture box by a gear meshing component. The upper middle part of the planting cultivation box is fixed with a drive power unit by a cross frame. The drive power unit drives the planting cultivation box to adjust its up and down position through a gear meshing assembly. At the same time, the gear meshing assembly also aerates and agitates the water and fertilizer tank fixed on the inner wall of the planting cultivation box, and injects the water and fertilizer nutrient solution in the water and fertilizer tank into the planting cultivation box. The support assembly includes a limiting cylinder fixed to the side of the culture rack by two sets of connecting plates at the front and back, vertical through grooves symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the limiting cylinder, and connecting ear plates symmetrically fixed to the outer wall of the vertical through groove at the front and back. The gear meshing assembly includes a rotating cylinder movably connected between two sets of connecting lugs by a pin shaft, a cylinder fixed at the inner end of the rotating cylinder by an inner arm, an arc-shaped external gear seat fixed at the outer end of the rotating cylinder by several sets of outer arms, a rotating shaft symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the support assembly and movably connected inside the culture rack, a central gear fixed in the center on the rotating shaft, and side gears symmetrically fixed on the front and rear sides of the central gear on the rotating shaft. The arc-shaped external gear seat meshes with the corresponding central gear, and the side gear meshes with the rack fixed on the inner wall of the planting culture box; The drive power unit includes an electric cylinder fixed at the middle of the upper end of the cross frame, a piston rod connected to the bottom output end of the electric cylinder, and an I-shaped disc fixed after the bottom of the piston rod passes through the cross frame. The I-shaped disc is inserted into the limiting cylinder, and the cylinder is stuck in the annular groove on the side of the I-shaped disc.

2. The modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting culture box has sliding protrusions centered on both the front and rear sides. The sliding protrusions slide into the grooves on the inner wall of the culture rack, and the top of the sliding protrusions is provided with limiting protrusions.

3. The modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the arc-shaped external gear seat is larger than the outer diameter of the central gear, and the outer diameter of the side gear is larger than the outer diameter of the central gear.

4. The modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A control display screen is fixed to the side of the cross frame. The control display screen has a built-in PLC, which is electrically connected to the electric cylinder.

5. The modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the rotating shaft pass through the water and fertilizer tank and the cultivation rack in sequence, and then the air collecting fan blades are fixed thereon. The air collecting fan blades are located inside the air collecting hood on the outside of the cultivation rack. The outer end of the air collecting hood is provided with an air inlet groove. The upper part of the inner end of the air collecting hood is connected to the top of the water and fertilizer tank by an air guide pipe. The water and fertilizer tank is connected to the inside of the planting cultivation box by a flexible hose in a H-shaped pipe. Both the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped pipe are provided with spray outlets. Drainage holes are evenly distributed at the bottom of the planting cultivation box.

6. The modular agricultural field experimental planting and cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the rotating shaft is fixed with a rubber plate by a connecting arm, and both the connecting arm and the rubber plate are located inside the water and fertilizer tank.

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