Flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, 1-5 parts of stearic acid, 3-10 parts of zinc oxide, 15-22 parts of a plasticizer, 1-3 parts of an anti-aging agent, 10-30 parts of silicon dioxide, 15-30 parts of calcined kaolin, 4-8 parts of a vulcanizing agent, 1-3 parts of an assistant vulcanizing agent, 30-50 parts of a phosphorus flame retardant and 3-6 parts of hollow aramid fibers. The preparation method comprises the steps of primary plastication, secondary plastication, first-stage mixing, second-stage mixing, batching-out, vulcanization and the like. The material has the advantages that the material shows the characteristics of rubber when not encountering high temperature, namely flexibility, elasticity, high plasticity, impact resistance, chemical medium resistance and excellent sealing performance. When encountering high temperature and flames, the material is rapidly hardened, and a layer of ceramic body is rapidly formed on the surface to wrap an object needing to be protected, so that the effects of flame retardance, heat insulation and wear resistance are achieved. The requirements of adiabatic, lightweight and long-term spaceflight environments of spacecrafts are met, and the performance of the spacecrafts is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aerospace flame retardant and heat insulation materials, in particular to lightweight refractory and heat insulation rubbers used in the fields of aviation and aerospace, and specifically relates to a flame retardant, heat insulation and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Flame retardant and heat insulation materials in the fields of aviation and aerospace are essential materials in these fields. The flame retardant and heat insulation performance of this material is a technical field that needs to be continuously explored and upgraded; traditional heat insulation materials can no longer meet the requirements of the aviation and aerospace fields in terms of specific gravity, thermal conductivity, ablation rate, lightweight, etc. with the progress of current technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a flame retardant, heat insulation and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material and a preparation method thereof, which meet the actual requirements of the aviation and aerospace fields for this material.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0005] A flame retardant, heat insulation and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 1-5 parts of stearic acid, 3-10 parts of zinc oxide, 15-22 parts of plasticizer, 1-3 parts of antioxidant, 10-30 parts of silica, 15-30 parts of calcined kaolin, 4-8 parts of vulcanizing agent, 1-3 parts of vulcanization aid, 30-50 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 3-6 parts of hollow aramid fiber.

[0006] Preferably, as the above solution, the hydrogenated nitrile rubber is replaced by ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

[0007] Preferably, as the above solution, the hollow aramid fiber is replaced by hollow carbon fiber.

[0008] Preferably, as the above solution, the calcination conditions of the calcined kaolin are: temperature 1300-1500 °C, fineness 1000-1500 mesh, and the calcined kaolin contains a certain proportion of Al and Cu elements.

[0009] Preferably, as the above solution, the antioxidant is one or more of RD, 4010Na, and antioxidant D.

[0010] Preferably, as the above solution, the vulcanizing agent is the peroxide vulcanizing agent di-tert-butyl peroxide cumene.

[0011] Preferably, as the above solution, the phosphorus-based flame retardant is aluminum hypophosphite.

[0012] A preparation method of a flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material, comprising the following steps:

[0013] S1. Plasticizing: Put hydrogenated nitrile rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber into a rubber mill, successively add stearic acid, hollow aramid fiber or hollow carbon fiber for plasticizing, then put it into an open mill for thin-sheeting. During thin-sheeting, make triangular bales several times and let it stand still in the natural environment for parking;

[0014] S2. Mixing: Put the plasticized rubber that has been parked in place into a mixer, successively add antioxidant, silica, plasticizer, zinc oxide, calcined kaolin, mix for 3 - 5 minutes, then successively add a phosphorus-based flame retardant, vulcanizing agent and vulcanization accelerator, mix for another 3 minutes and then discharge, and thin-sheet on an open mill for 6 - 8 passes;

[0015] S3. Sheet cutting: Wait until the rubber on the open mill is fully and evenly dispersed, cut it into sheets with the required thickness, hang it to cool for later use;

[0016] S4. Vulcanizing: Cut the sheet into the required shape and fill it into a mold, and vulcanize at 150 - 180 °C according to different processes for different products to obtain the required product.

[0017] As a preference of the above solution, step S1 specifically includes:

[0018] S11. Primary plasticizing: Start the mixer, cut hydrogenated nitrile rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber into small pieces of 3 - 5 Kg and put them into a rubber mill. When the temperature reaches 60 - 80 °C, add stearic acid, and the plasticizing time is 3 - 10 minutes. Or when the temperature rises to 100 - 120 °C, discharge it, put it into an open mill for thin-sheeting. During thin-sheeting, make triangular bales several times. When plasticizing, adjust the roll gap to 0.5 mm until the rubber becomes semi-transparent, make triangular bales, and let it stand still in the natural environment for about 4 hours;

[0019] S12. Secondary plasticizing: When the rubber discharged after primary plasticizing cools to 40 - 55 °C or when the standing time is up, put it into the mixer again. When the temperature reaches 80 - 100 °C, add hollow aramid fiber or hollow carbon fiber, and the plasticizing parameters are the same as those of primary plasticizing. Then put it into an open mill for thin-sheeting. During thin-sheeting, make triangular bales 5 - 7 times and park it for 8 - 12 hours.

[0020] As a preference of the above solution, step S2 specifically includes:

[0021] S21. First-stage mixing: Put the parked HNBR into the mixer again, heat it for 60 seconds. When the temperature rises to 60 - 80 °C, add antioxidant, silica, calcined kaolin, plasticizer, nano-zinc oxide, control the temperature below 140 °C, mix for 3 - 5 minutes, and discharge the mixed rubber when the temperature exceeds 140 °C;

[0022] S22. Secondary mixing: Pour the rubber discharged from the internal mixer into the open mill, gradually add the phosphorus-based flame retardant. After all the flame retardant is completely incorporated, make triangular bales three times, then add the vulcanizing agent and the vulcanization aid and mix for 3 minutes. After all the materials are incorporated, pass the mixture through the mill 6 - 8 times to obtain the final compound.

[0023] Due to the above structure, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] The present invention provides a flame-retardant, heat-insulating, and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material. The basic principle is to rationally proportion calcined kaolin, SiO2, and the phosphorus-based flame retardant Al(H2PO2)3 in the rubber. The free Al, Ca, Si, Cu atoms and some free radical groups formed during the calcination of calcined kaolin from clay (Al2O3·2SiO2·H2O and Na2O·CaO·6SiO2) recombine with the C, H, O atoms decomposed from HNBR or EPDM at high temperature to form oxide ceramics and silicon carbide ceramic layers, which cut off oxygen and provide heat insulation. The main component is the alumina ceramic layer. The structure of alumina is that O is arranged in a close-packed hexagonal structure, and Al occupies the interstitial positions. During the decomposition of organic matter and the process of ceramization, a large amount of heat energy is absorbed and H and O atoms are captured, further preventing the formation conditions of the combustion reaction process. The melting point of alumina is as high as 2050°C, and it has good oxidation resistance. The bending strength of silicon carbide reaches 200 - 250 MPa, the compressive strength is 1000 - 1500 MPa, and the hardness is Mohs 9.2. There will be no dripping and melting collapse phenomena in the combustion environment. Therefore, its flame-retardant, heat-insulating, and wear-resistant effects are very excellent.

[0025] The advantage of this material is that it exhibits the characteristics of rubber when not exposed to high temperatures, namely flexibility, elasticity, strong plasticity, impact resistance, chemical medium resistance, and excellent sealing performance. When exposed to high temperatures and flames, it quickly hardens and rapidly forms a ceramic body on the surface to wrap the object to be protected, thereby playing the roles of flame retardancy, heat insulation, and wear resistance. It is suitable for the adiabatic, lightweight, and long-term space environment requirements of spacecraft, and can improve the performance of spacecraft. Specific embodiments

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] This embodiment provides a flame-retardant, heat-insulating, and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0028] Hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR): 80 - 100 parts;

[0029] Stearic acid (SA): 1 - 5 parts;

[0030] Zinc oxide (ZnO): 3 - 10 parts;

[0031] Plasticizer: 15 - 22 parts;

[0032] Antioxidant: 1 - 3 parts;

[0033] Silica (SiO2): 10 - 30 parts;

[0034] Calcined kaolin (RMC): 15 - 30 parts;

[0035] Vulcanizing agent (BIPB - 40): 4 - 8 parts;

[0036] Cocuring agent (PDM): 1 - 3 parts;

[0037] Phosphorus - based flame retardant: 30 - 50 parts;

[0038] Hollow aramid fiber (CFC): 3 - 6 parts.

[0039] Among them:

[0040] Hydrogenated nitrile - butadiene rubber (HNBR) with saturated hydrogen bonds can also be replaced by ethylene - propylene - diene monomer (EPDM) material to reduce costs.

[0041] Hollow aramid fiber (CFC) can also be replaced by hollow carbon fiber. Both are extremely lightweight refractory fibers, replacing asbestos material, fundamentally eliminating the use of asbestos products in traditional flame - retardant and heat - insulating materials. This not only increases the heat - insulating effect but also significantly reduces the product density and eliminates the harm of asbestos to the human body, laying a good foundation for the application of this product in the aviation and aerospace fields.

[0042] The calcination conditions of calcined kaolin are: temperature 1300 - 1500 °C (about 1400 °C), fineness 1000 - 1500 mesh. The calcined kaolin contains a certain proportion of elements such as Al and Cu. Adding calcined kaolin to the material, which is a ceramic raw material, forms a ceramic protective layer when the rubber encounters high temperature and combustion, cutting off oxygen and heat insulation.

[0043] The antioxidant uses one or more of RD, 4010Na, and Antioxidant D.

[0044] The vulcanizing agent uses the peroxide vulcanizing agent di - tert - butyl peroxide isopropylbenzene. Using the BIBP and PDM sulfur - free vulcanization system reduces the corrosion of the product to metal, increases the product stability, extends the service and storage life, and makes the production process more environmentally friendly.

[0045] The phosphorus-based flame retardant uses aluminum hypophosphite. By using the phosphorus-based flame retardant, when the rubber burns, it decomposes to form a glassy crust that coats the surface of the polymer, forming a hard carbon layer structure, isolating oxygen and the flame from further contacting the polymer. At the same time, it can capture the free radicals generated by the degradation of the polymer and terminate the combustion reaction, having the advantages of environmental protection, high efficiency, and convenient operation.

[0046] The remaining raw materials are all ordinary commercially available products. The formulation ratio is reasonably designed to ensure the performance optimization of the material under the action of high temperature and fire source.

[0047] The functions and action principles of the above raw materials:

[0048] The basic principle is to rationally proportion calcined kaolin, SiO2, and the phosphorus-based flame retardant Al(H2PO2)3 in the rubber.

[0049] Under normal circumstances (when not exposed to high temperature), the material exhibits the characteristics of rubber, having high elasticity, flexibility, impact resistance, oil and chemical medium resistance, low shrinkage rate, excellent sealing performance, strong plasticity, and can be shaped arbitrarily. As the temperature rises, its ceramization progress accelerates. Especially when there is a fire source on the surface, a ceramic body will quickly form on the surface to wrap the object to be protected, preventing heat sources and oxygen from entering the interior of the product for further combustion, thus playing the roles of flame retardancy, heat insulation, and wear resistance. The addition of hollow aramid fibers increases strength and reduces density, achieving the lightweight of the material.

[0050] Under the action of high temperature (300 - 400 °C) and fire source, the polymer materials inside the material begin to decompose. The free Al, Ca, Si, Cu atoms and some free radical groups formed by calcined kaolin during the calcination of kaolin (Al2O3·2SiO2·H2O and Na2O·CaO·6SiO2) recombine with the C, H, O atoms decomposed from HNBR or EPDM at high temperature to form oxide ceramics and silicon carbide ceramic layers, isolating oxygen and heat. The main component is the alumina ceramic layer. The structure of alumina is that O is arranged in a close-packed hexagonal structure, and Al occupies the interstitial positions. During the decomposition of organic matter and ceramization, a large amount of heat energy is absorbed and H, O atoms are captured, further preventing the formation conditions of the combustion reaction process, reducing heat conduction and the probability of combustion, thus achieving heat insulation and flame retardancy performance. The melting point of alumina is as high as 2050 °C, and it has good oxidation resistance. The flexural strength of silicon carbide reaches 200 - 250 MPa, the compressive strength is 1000 - 1500 MPa, and the hardness is Mohs 9.2. There will be no dripping and melting collapse phenomena in the combustion environment. Therefore, its flame retardant, heat insulation, and wear resistance effects are very excellent.

[0051] The specific preparation method process is as follows:

[0052] Preparation Example 1:

[0053] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR), 4 parts of stearic acid (SA), 3 parts of nano zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of silica (SiO2), 20 parts of calcined kaolin (RMC), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), 30 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 4 parts of hollow aramid fiber (CFC).

[0054] The above flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material is prepared by the following method:

[0055] S1. Plasticating: Put hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber into a rubber mill, successively add stearic acid, hollow aramid fiber or hollow carbon fiber for plasticating, then put it into an open mill for thin passing. During thin passing, make several triangle bales and let it stand still in the natural environment. Specifically, it includes:

[0056] S11. Plasticating: Start the internal mixer, cut hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber into small pieces of 3 - 5 Kg and put them into the rubber mill. When the temperature reaches 60 - 80 °C, add stearic acid and plasticate for 3 - 10 minutes, or when the temperature rises to 100 - 120 °C, discharge it and put it into an open mill for thin passing. During thin passing, make several triangle bales. During plasticating, adjust the roll gap to 0.5 mm until the rubber becomes semi-transparent, make a triangle bale, and let it stand still in the natural environment for about 4 hours.

[0057] S12. Secondary plasticating: When the rubber discharged after the first plasticating cools to 40 - 55 °C or when the standing time arrives, put it into the internal mixer again. When the temperature reaches 80 - 100 °C, add hollow aramid fiber or hollow carbon fiber. The plasticating parameters are the same as those of the first plasticating. Then put it into an open mill for thin passing. During thin passing, make 5 - 7 triangle bales and let it stand for 8 - 12 hours.

[0058] S2. Mixing: Put the plasticated rubber that has been standing in place into the internal mixer. When the temperature rises to 60 - 80 °C, successively add antioxidant, silica, plasticizer, zinc oxide, and calcined kaolin, mix for 3 - 5 minutes, then successively add phosphorus-based flame retardant, vulcanizing agent, and vulcanization aid, and mix for another 3 minutes before discharging. Then thin pass it 6 - 8 times on an open mill. Specifically, it includes:

[0059] S21. First-stage mixing: Put the parked HNBR into the internal mixer again, press down the upper plug, heat it for 60 seconds. When the temperature rises to about 60 - 80 °C, add antioxidant, silica, calcined kaolin, plasticizer, and nano zinc oxide, control the temperature below 140 °C, mix for 3 - 5 minutes. When the temperature exceeds 140 °C, lift the upper plug and discharge the mixed rubber.

[0060] S22. Secondary mixing: Pour the rubber discharged from the internal mixer onto the open mill to wrap the roll, adjust the roll gap to 1.5 - 2 mm, gradually add the phosphorus-based flame retardant, and turn the rubber with a figure-eight knife while adding. After the previous batch of material is consumed, add new material. There should be no piled-up material on the roll. After all the flame retardant is consumed, make three triangular packages, wrap the roll again, add the vulcanizing agent, vulcanization aid, and accelerator. Mix for another 3 minutes. After all the material is consumed, adjust the roll gap to less than 1 mm and thin-pass 7 times to obtain the final compound.

[0061] S3. Sheet cutting: Wait until the rubber on the open mill is fully and evenly dispersed, cut it into sheets of the required thickness, and hang them to cool for later use.

[0062] S4. Vulcanization: Cut the final compound into the required shape and appropriate weight according to the product requirements, fill it into the mold, and vulcanize at 170°C ± 2°C and a pressure of 1.5 MPa to obtain the required product.

[0063] Preparation Example 2:

[0064] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), 2 parts of stearic acid (SA), 6 parts of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), 18 parts of plasticizer, 1 part of antioxidant, 15 parts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), 15 parts of calcined kaolin (RMC), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), 30 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 3 parts of hollow aramid fiber (CFC).

[0065] The preparation method is the same as that of Preparation Example 1.

[0066] Preparation Example 3:

[0067] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), 1 part of stearic acid (SA), 10 parts of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), 20 parts of calcined kaolin (RMC), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), 30 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 4 parts of hollow aramid fiber (CFC).

[0068] The preparation method is the same as that of Preparation Example 1.

[0069] Preparation Example 4:

[0070] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 4 parts of stearic acid (SA), 3 parts of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), 20 parts of calcined kaolin (RMC), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), 30 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 4 parts of hollow aramid fiber (CFC).

[0071] The preparation method is the same as that of Preparation Example 1. The only difference from Preparation Example 1 is that in the formulation of this preparation example, hydrogenated nitrile rubber is replaced by ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

[0072] Preparation Example 5:

[0073] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 4 parts of stearic acid (SA), 3 parts of nano zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), 20 parts of calcined kaolin (RMC), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), 30 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 4 parts of hollow carbon fiber.

[0074] The preparation method is the same as that of Preparation Example 1. The only difference from Preparation Example 1 is that in the formulation of this preparation example, hollow aramid fiber is replaced by hollow carbon fiber.

[0075] Comparative Example 1:

[0076] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), 4 parts of stearic acid (SA), 3 parts of nano zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), 30 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 4 parts of hollow aramid fiber (CFC).

[0077] The preparation method is the same as that of Preparation Example 1. The only difference from Preparation Example 1 is that in the formulation of this preparation example, calcined kaolin is not added.

[0078] Comparative Example 2:

[0079] It includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), 4 parts of stearic acid (SA), 3 parts of nano zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of plasticizer, 2 parts of antioxidant, 20 parts of silicon dioxide (SiO2), 20 parts of calcined kaolin (RMC), 4 parts of vulcanizing agent (BIPB-40), 2 parts of vulcanization aid (PDM), and 4 parts of hollow aramid fiber (CFC).

[0080] The preparation method is the same as that of Preparation Example 1. The only difference from Preparation Example 1 is that in the formulation of this preparation example, phosphorus-based flame retardant is not added.

[0081] Table: Performance test of rubbers in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0082]

[0083] Note: All densities are measured after vulcanization under a pressure of 1.5 MPa.

[0084] From the performance tests of the rubbers in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in the above table, it can be seen that in this study, the changes in the rubber ratio and the ratios of other materials only altered the physical properties of the rubber carrier, but had little impact on the flame retardancy and heat insulation properties. What significantly affected the flame retardancy was the compounding ratio of calcined kaolin, silica, and aluminum hypophosphite. An appropriate ratio could greatly improve its flame retardancy and heat insulation properties. The above data also fully demonstrated the guiding effect of the present invention on ceramic flame-retardant rubber.

[0085] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material, characterized in that: It comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of hydrogenated nitrile rubber, 1-5 parts of stearic acid, 3-10 parts of zinc oxide, 15-22 parts of plasticizer, 1-3 parts of antioxidant, 10-30 parts of silica, 15-30 parts of calcined kaolin, 4-8 parts of vulcanizing agent, 1-3 parts of vulcanization aid, 30-50 parts of phosphorus-based flame retardant, and 3-6 parts of hollow aramid fiber.

2. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogenated nitrile rubber is replaced with ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.

3. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating, and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hollow aramid fiber is replaced with hollow carbon fiber.

4. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calcination conditions of the calcined kaolin are: temperature 1300-1500 °C, fineness 1000-1500 mesh, and the calcined kaolin contains a certain proportion of Al and Cu elements.

5. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antioxidant is one or more of RD, 4010Na, and antioxidant D.

6. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vulcanizing agent uses the peroxide vulcanizing agent di-tert-butyl peroxide isopropylbenzene.

7. A flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus-based flame retardant uses aluminum hypophosphite.

8. The preparation method of a flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Plasticizing: Put the hydrogenated nitrile rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber into a rubber mill, add stearic acid, hollow aramid fiber or hollow carbon fiber for plasticizing successively, then put it into an open mill for thin passing. During thin passing, make several triangle packages and let it stand still in the natural environment. S2. Mixing: Put the plasticized rubber that has been parked in place into a mixer, add antioxidant, silica, plasticizer, zinc oxide, and calcined kaolin in sequence. After mixing for 3-5 minutes, add phosphorus-based flame retardant, vulcanizing agent, and vulcanization aid in sequence, and then discharge after mixing for another 3 minutes. Then, thin pass it on an open mill for 6-8 times. S3. Sheet cutting: Wait until the rubber on the open mill is fully and evenly dispersed, cut it into sheets with the required thickness, and hang it to cool for later use. S4. Vulcanizing: Cut the sheet into the required shape and fill it into a mold, and vulcanize it at 150-180 °C according to different products and different processes to obtain the required product.

9. The preparation method of a flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S1 specifically includes: S11. Primary plasticizing: Start the mixer, cut the hydrogenated nitrile rubber or ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber into small pieces of 3-5 Kg and put them into a rubber mill. When the temperature reaches 60-80 °C, add stearic acid and plasticize for 3-10 minutes, or when the temperature rises to 100-120 °C, discharge it and put it into an open mill for thin passing. During thin passing, make several triangle packages. During plasticizing, adjust the roll gap to 0.5 mm until the rubber becomes semi-transparent, make a triangle package, and let it stand still in the natural environment for about 4 hours. S12. Secondary plasticizing: When the rubber discharged after primary plasticizing cools to 40-55 °C or when the standing time arrives, put it into the mixer again. When the temperature reaches 80-100 °C, add hollow aramid fiber or hollow carbon fiber. The plasticizing parameters are the same as those of primary plasticizing. Then put it into an open mill for thin passing. During thin passing, make 5-7 triangle packages and let it stand for 8-12 hours.

10. The preparation method of a flame-retardant, heat-insulating and wear-resistant ceramic rubber material according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S2 specifically includes: S21. First-stage mixing: Put the parked HNBR into the mixer again, heat it for 60 seconds. When the temperature rises to 60-80 °C, add antioxidant, silica, calcined kaolin, plasticizer, and nano-zinc oxide. Control the temperature below 140 °C and mix for 3-5 minutes. When the temperature exceeds 140 °C, discharge the mixed rubber. S22. Second-stage mixing: Pour the rubber discharged from the internal mixer into the open mill, gradually add the phosphorus-based flame retardant. After all the flame retardant is completely incorporated, make three triangle bales, then add the vulcanizing agent and the vulcanization aid and mix for 3 minutes. After all the materials are incorporated, pass the mixture through the mill 6 - 8 times to obtain the final compound.

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