A friction stir welding apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to a friction stir welding equipment, which comprises a rack, a linear track and an arc track arranged on the rack along a welding direction, the sliding position of the arc track is located below the linear track, the arc track is located in front of the linear track, a track switching assembly is connected between the linear track and the arc track, a friction stir welding machine is installed on the track switching assembly, the track switching assembly switches the friction stir welding machine from the linear track to the arc track, the arc track is arranged on one side of the friction stir welding machine, and the arc degree of the arc track is consistent with the bending arc degree of a metal plate part; the arc track is arranged in front of the linear track, the track switching assembly is used to switch the friction stir welding machine from the linear track to the arc track, so that the welding of the curved surface of the metal plate part is realized, and the welding of the curved surface can also realize the purpose of rotating the stirring head by 3-5 DEG C to the vertical line return side of the welding seam.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of friction stir welding, in particular to a friction stir welding equipment. BACKGROUND

[0002] Friction stir welding refers to the use of heat generated by the friction between a high-speed rotating welding tool and a workpiece to locally melt the material to be welded. When the welding tool moves forward along the welding interface, the plasticized material flows from the front to the rear of the welding tool under the action of the rotating friction force of the welding tool, and forms a dense solid-phase weld under the extrusion of the welding tool. The specific process is that a cylindrical or other shaped (such as a threaded cylinder) stir pin is inserted into the joint of the workpiece, and through the high-speed rotation of the welding head, it is rubbed with the welding workpiece material, thereby increasing the temperature of the material at the connection site and softening it.

[0003] Most of the current friction stir welding equipment is used for welding planar sheet metal materials. However, for sheet metal that combines planar and arc surfaces, i.e., the end of the planar sheet metal is a downwardly inclined arc surface, since the stir head runs linearly on the rack and cannot move in the vertical direction, the stir pin of the stir head cannot extend to the predetermined position inside the weld joint or even cannot extend into the weld joint when welding the arc surface, thereby affecting the quality of the weld joint. In addition, in order to ensure the stability during welding and the quality of the weld joint, the stir head is generally deviated by 3-5° relative to the vertical line of the weld joint to the rotation side. However, when welding the arc surface, since the existing stir head is suitable for planar sheet metal, the deflection angle is small, and therefore, when welding the arc surface, it cannot deflect the weld joint with a certain inclination angle (relative to the planar surface) by a predetermined angle.

[0004] Patent No. 202322607558.3 discloses a new type of friction stir welding device. By installing a friction stir welding machine main shaft angle adjusting bolt on the side of the friction stir welding machine main shaft, the rotation of the friction stir welding machine around its center can be realized by adjusting the friction stir welding machine main shaft angle adjusting bolt before friction stir welding, thereby adjusting the angle of the friction stir welding machine main shaft. Although the device can drive the friction stir welding machine to rotate, it will be farther and farther away from the weld joint of the arc surface during rotation, which makes it impossible to make the deflection angle reach the predetermined value, and the main shaft cannot extend to the predetermined position inside the weld joint or even cannot extend into the weld joint.

[0005] According to the related technology in the above, the inventors believe that the deflection angle of the existing stir head when welding the arc surface cannot reach the predetermined value, and the stir pin cannot extend to the predetermined position inside the weld joint or even cannot extend into the weld joint. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a friction stir welding equipment.

[0007] The application provides a friction stir welding device, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] The application provides a friction stir welding device, which adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] By arranging the arc-shaped track in front of the linear track and switching the friction stir welding machine from the linear track to the arc-shaped track by the track switching assembly, the surface welding of the sheet metal part is realized, and the surface welding can also realize the purpose of rotating the stirring head by 3-5 degrees to the side of the welding vertical line.

[0010] Preferably, the track switching assembly comprises a first sliding block slidably connected to the linear track, a second sliding block slidably connected to the arc-shaped track, and a connecting piece arranged between the first sliding block and the second sliding block, the friction stir welding machine is fixedly connected to the front end surface of the second sliding block, the left end of the arc-shaped track is provided with a linear segment, the second sliding block is arranged on the linear welding line, the rear end surface of the second sliding block is arranged opposite to the front end surface of the first sliding block, the connecting piece comprises two grooves arranged opposite to each other on the rear end surface of the second sliding block, two rotating discs slidably connected to the grooves respectively, two first rotating cylinders rotatably connected to the rotating discs respectively, two positioning grooves arranged opposite to the grooves respectively on the front end surface of the first sliding block, two second rotating cylinders arranged in the positioning grooves respectively, and a driving motor for driving the second rotating cylinders to rotate, and the first rotating cylinders are arranged in the second rotating cylinders and are screwed with the second rotating cylinders.

[0011] By adopting the above technical scheme, the first sliding block and the second sliding block are connected to the linear track and the arc-shaped track respectively, and the first sliding block and the second sliding block are fixed and separated by the first rotating cylinders and the second rotating cylinders, so that the linear track is quickly switched to the arc-shaped track.

[0012] Preferably, the connecting piece further comprises a rotating shaft arranged on the rotating disc, a first spring sleeved on the rotating shaft, a second spring arranged at the bottom of the groove, rotating shafts arranged at the left end face of each second rotating cylinder respectively, a connecting groove arranged between the two positioning grooves and arranged vertically, and a connecting shaft arranged in the connecting groove; the right end face of the first rotating cylinder is connected with the rotating shaft, one end of the first spring is connected with the rotating disc, and the other end of the first spring is connected with the first rotating cylinder, and the other end of the second spring is connected with the rotating disc; the two ends of the connecting shaft are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the connecting groove respectively and extend into the two positioning grooves respectively, the part of the connecting shaft extending into the positioning groove is sleeved with a first gear, and the two rotating shafts are respectively sleeved with a second gear, the first gear is perpendicular to the second gear and engages with the second gear.

[0013] By adopting the above technical scheme, when the first sliding block and the second sliding block are separated, the first rotating cylinder is driven to reverse and move into the second sliding block by the first spring and the second spring, and the coaxial rotation of the two second rotating cylinders can be realized by arranging the connecting shaft, thereby saving cost.

[0014] Preferably, the connecting piece further comprises two first electromagnets, the two first electromagnets are arranged at the front end face of the first sliding block and the rear end face of the arc-shaped track respectively, and the polarities of the two first electromagnets on opposite sides are opposite.

[0015] By adopting the above technical scheme, the first electromagnets are used to connect the first sliding block and the arc-shaped track, so that the support force on the arc-shaped track can be enhanced.

[0016] Preferably, the track switching assembly comprises a third sliding block and two switching pieces, the friction stir welding machine is arranged at the front end face of the third sliding block, the two switching pieces are arranged between the third sliding block and the straight track and between the third sliding block and the arc-shaped track respectively, the third sliding block comprises a connecting part and four sliding parts arranged perpendicularly to the connecting part, the connecting part is connected with the friction stir welding machine, two of the sliding parts are slidingly connected with the straight track, and the other two sliding parts are connected with the arc-shaped track; the switching piece comprises four switching grooves arranged at the rear end face of the connecting part, telescopic rods arranged in the switching grooves, telescopic springs arranged around the outer wall of the telescopic rods, and a plurality of second electromagnets, the telescopic rods are arranged vertically in the switching grooves, the top of the telescopic rod is connected with the bottom end face of the right side of the sliding part, and the second electromagnets are arranged on the opposite sides of the track groove of the arc-shaped track, the track groove of the straight track, and each sliding part and track groove respectively, the polarities of the two second electromagnets on opposite sides of the same track groove are opposite.

[0017] By adopting the technical scheme, the third sliding block is connected with the linear track and the arc-shaped track by adopting two switching members which are not operated at the same time, the third sliding block is selected to be connected with the linear track or the arc-shaped track, and the switching of the tracks is realized.

[0018] Preferably, the switching member further comprises two third electromagnets, the two third electromagnets are respectively arranged at positions opposite to the arc-shaped track and the connecting portion, and polarities of opposite sides of the two third electromagnets are opposite.

[0019] By adopting the technical scheme, the third electromagnet is used to connect the third sliding block and the arc-shaped sliding rail, and the stability of the third sliding block is enhanced on the basis of moving along the linear track.

[0020] Preferably, the track switching assembly further comprises a fourth sliding block arranged at the right side of the third sliding block, the fourth sliding block is fixed to the rear end surface of the arc-shaped track and is slidingly connected to the linear track.

[0021] By adopting the technical scheme, the fourth sliding block is used to further support the arc-shaped track.

[0022] Preferably, a probe is slidingly connected to the linear track, the probe is arranged at the right side of the friction stir welding machine, the bottom of the probe contacts the top end surface of the sheet metal part and detects the change of the end surface shape, the probe is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the track switching assembly, the power mechanism of the linear track and the power mechanism of the arc-shaped track.

[0023] By adopting the technical scheme, the probe is used to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part, when the surface of the sheet metal part is a straight line, the linear track works, and when the surface of the sheet metal part has an arc, the arc-shaped track works.

[0024] Preferably, the friction stir welding machine comprises a machine body, a stirring head rotatably connected to the bottom of the machine body, a stirring needle arranged below the stirring head, and a fine adjustment structure arranged between the stirring head and the stirring needle, the fine adjustment structure comprises a fine adjustment groove arranged at the lower end surface of the stirring head, a fine adjustment spring arranged in the fine adjustment groove, two oppositely arranged clamping grooves arranged in the side wall of the fine adjustment groove, an arc-shaped clamping block arranged in the clamping groove, and a drive cylinder for driving the arc-shaped clamping block to move in the clamping groove, the other end of the fine adjustment spring is fixed to the top of the stirring needle, the diameter of the fine adjustment groove is greater than the diameter of the stirring needle, and the recessed surface of the arc-shaped clamping block is clamped to the outer wall of the stirring needle.

[0025] By adopting the technical scheme, the fine adjustment spring is used to adjust the depth of the stirring needle into the weld.

[0026] Preferably, the fine adjustment structure further comprises a limiting plate arranged in the clamping groove, and the limiting plate is provided with a through hole for the fine adjustment spring to pass through.

[0027] By adopting the above technical scheme, the limiting plate is arranged to limit the moving amount of the stirring needle, so as to avoid the upward or downward movement of the stirring needle beyond the self-adaptive amount.

[0028] In summary, the present application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. By arranging the linear track and the arc-shaped track, and arranging the arc-shaped track on one side of the friction stir welding machine, the arc-shaped track can move with the friction stir welding machine, and the planar surface of the sheet metal part is welded, when the planar surface is welded and enters the curved surface, the track switching assembly switches the friction stir welding machine from the linear track to the arc-shaped track for welding the curved surface.

[0030] 2. When the friction stir welding machine starts to weld the curved surface, since the bending radius of the arc-shaped track is consistent with the bending radius of the curved surface, the friction stir welding machine can be offset by 3-5 ° to the vertical line of the weld when moving vertically along the arc-shaped track, and the stirring needle can be inserted into the predetermined position of the weld as in the planar welding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of a friction stir welding equipment according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 2 is a sectional view of a track switching assembly according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 3 is a structural schematic view of a friction stir welding equipment according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 4 is a sectional view of a track switching assembly according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 5 is a sectional view of a fine adjustment structure according to the present application.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Frame; 2. Linear track; 3. Arc track; 4. Track switching assembly; 41. First slider; 42. Second slider; 43. Connector; 431. Groove; 432. Turntable; 433. First rotating drum; 434. Positioning groove; 435. Second rotating drum; 436. Drive motor; 437. Rotating shaft; 438. First spring; 439. Second spring; 440. Rotating shaft; 441. Connecting groove; 442. Connecting shaft; 443. First gear; 444. Second gear; 445. First electric... 45. Magnet; 451. Third slider; 452. Connecting part; 453. Sliding part; 46. Switching part; 464. Switching groove; 465. Telescopic rod; 466. Telescopic spring; 467. Second electromagnet; 468. Third electromagnet; 47. Fourth slider; 5. Friction stir welding machine; 51. Machine body; 52. Stirring head; 53. Stirring needle; 54. Fine-tuning structure; 545. Fine-tuning groove; 546. Fine-tuning spring; 547. Locking groove; 548. Arc-shaped locking block; 549. Drive cylinder; 540. Limiting plate; 6. Probe. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0038] This application discloses a friction stir welding apparatus. (Refer to...) Figures 1-5 The system includes a frame 1, on which a straight track 2 and an arc track 3 are provided along the welding direction. The arc track 3 is located below the straight track 2 and in front of the straight track 2. A track switching assembly 4 connects the straight track 2 and the arc track 3. A friction stir welding machine 5 is mounted on the track switching assembly 4, and the track switching assembly 4 switches the friction stir welding machine 5 from the straight track 2 to the arc track 3 for sliding. The arc track 3 is located on one side of the friction stir welding machine 5, and the curvature of the arc track 3 is consistent with the curvature of the sheet metal part.

[0039] In this embodiment, a straight track 2 and an arc track 3 are provided, and the arc track 3 is set on one side of the friction stir welding machine 5. In this way, the arc track 3 can move together with the friction stir welding machine 5 to weld the flat surface of the sheet metal part. When the flat surface is finished and it is about to enter the arc surface, the friction stir welding machine 5 is switched from the straight track 2 to the arc track 3 by the track switching component 4, so that the friction stir welding machine 5 starts to move in an arc. Since the curvature of the arc track 3 is consistent with the curvature of the arc surface, when the friction stir welding machine 5 moves perpendicular to the arc track 3, it can be the same as the flat surface welding, with the stirring head 52 biased towards the vertical rotation side of the weld by 3°-5°. At this time, the stirring needle 53 can also be inserted into the predetermined position of the weld as in the flat surface.

[0040] Specifically, the moving distance of the friction stir welding machine 5 on the straight track 2 and the position of switching to the arc track 3 can be preset on the controller in advance, or the sliding connection detection assembly on the straight track 2 can be used to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part in real time, determine whether it is a plane or an arc surface, and give the straight track 2, the arc track 3 and the track switching assembly 4 start working or stop working instructions through the controller.

[0041] Specifically, the arc track 3 is slidingly connected to the rack 1, and a sliding groove or sliding rail can be provided on the rack 1, and the arc track 3 slides in or on it, which is used to further support the arc track 3, so that the friction stir welding machine 5 can move stably on the arc track 3.

[0042] Specifically, the straight track 2 and the arc track 3 can be arranged according to the shape of the sheet metal part, that is, the arc track 3 is arranged at the right end of the straight track 2, at this time, the track switching assembly 4 is a sliding block with a pulley, the pulley can move on the straight track 2 and the arc track 3, and can switch between the two. However, since the lengths of the planes of different sheet metal parts are different, therefore, the arc track 3 arranged at the end of the straight track 2 cannot realize the welding of the curved surface, at this time, the straight track 2 and the arc track 3 are separated, and switched through the track switching assembly 4. The track switching assembly 4 can be a sliding block slidingly connected to the straight track 2 and the arc track 3 respectively, and the two sliding blocks can be detachably connected, when welding the plane, the two sliding blocks are fixed, driving the arc track 3 to move on the straight track 2, until it is welded to the curved surface, the straight track 2 stops moving, the arc track 3 stops moving on the rack 1, and the two sliding blocks are separated, at this time, the friction stir welding machine 5 switches to move on the arc track 3. Since the sliding block is used to drive it to move, and the friction stir welding machine 5 is connected in parallel with the sliding block, therefore, it can slide perpendicular to the arc track 3, so as to be perpendicular to the curved surface, at this time, the relationship between the friction stir welding machine 5 and the curved surface is the same as that with the plane, and the friction stir welding machine 5 can be welded by deflecting the stirring head 52 by a certain angle.

[0043] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1-2The track switching assembly 4 comprises a first sliding block 41 slidably connected to the linear track 2, a second sliding block 42 slidably connected to the arc-shaped track 3, and a connecting piece 43 arranged between the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42, the friction stir welding machine 5 is fixedly connected to the front end surface of the second sliding block 42, the left end of the arc-shaped track 3 is provided with a linear segment, the second sliding block 42 is arranged on the linear welding line, and the rear end surface of the second sliding block 42 is arranged opposite to the front end surface of the first sliding block 41, the connecting piece 43 comprises two grooves 431 arranged opposite to each other on the rear end surface of the second sliding block 42, two rotating discs 432 slidably connected to the grooves 431 respectively, two first rotating cylinders 433 rotatably connected to the rotating discs 432 respectively, two positioning grooves 434 corresponding to the grooves 431 respectively and arranged on the front end surface of the first sliding block 41, two second rotating cylinders 435 arranged in the positioning grooves 434 respectively, and a driving motor 436 driving the second rotating cylinders 435 to rotate, and the first rotating cylinders 433 are arranged in the second rotating cylinders 435 and are screwed therewith.

[0044] The embodiment is one of the structures of the track switching assembly 4, which adopts two first sliding blocks 41 and second sliding blocks 42 arranged opposite to each other and connected to each other, and the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42 are connected by the connecting piece 43, when the plane of the welded sheet metal part is welded, the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42 are fixed, and the arc-shaped track 3 is moved on the linear track 2, when the position of the switching sliding rail is predetermined, the two sliding blocks are separated, at this time, the linear track 2 stops moving, and the second sliding block 42 starts to drive the friction stir welding machine 5 to move on the arc-shaped track 3 for welding; the connecting piece 43 adopts the connecting mode of two rotating cylinders screwed together, which can realize stable fixation and rapid separation of the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42.

[0045] Specifically, when the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42 need to be fixed, the driving motor 436 is started, and the end of the first rotating cylinder 433 is inserted into the second rotating cylinder 435, at this time, the rotation of the driving motor 436 can drive the second rotating cylinder 435 to rotate, and then the first rotating cylinder 433 moves along the axial direction of the second rotating cylinder 435 until it is inserted into the interior of the second rotating cylinder 435, after the first rotating cylinder 433 completely enters the second rotating cylinder 435, the first rotating cylinder 433 and the second rotating cylinder 435 are locked, at this time, the driving motor 436 drives the first rotating cylinder 433 and the second rotating cylinder 435 to rotate, thereby reinforcing the connection between the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42, when separation is needed, the driving motor 436 is reversed.

[0046] In some embodiments, the connecting piece 43 further comprises a rotating shaft 437 arranged on the rotating disc 432, a first spring 438 arranged on the rotating shaft 437, a second spring 439 arranged at the bottom of the groove 431, a rotating shaft 440 arranged at the left end face of each second rotating cylinder 435 respectively, a connecting groove 441 arranged vertically between the two positioning grooves 434, and a connecting shaft 442 arranged in the connecting groove 441; the right end face of the first rotating cylinder 433 is connected with the rotating shaft 437, one end of the first spring 438 is connected with the rotating disc 432, and the other end is connected with the first rotating cylinder 433, and the other end of the second spring 439 is connected with the rotating disc 432; the two ends of the connecting shaft 442 are rotatably connected with the inner walls of the connecting groove 441 respectively and extend into the two positioning grooves 434 respectively, the part of the connecting shaft 442 extending into the positioning groove 434 is sleeved with a first gear 443, and the two rotating shafts 440 are respectively sleeved with second gears 444, and the first gear 443 is perpendicular to and engaged with the second gear 444.

[0047] In this embodiment, after the first rotating cylinder 433 completely enters the second rotating cylinder 435, the driving motor 436 can slow down the rotating speed to drive the first rotating cylinder 433 and the second rotating cylinder 435 to rotate slowly, thereby maintaining the stability of the connection, and the rotation of the first rotating cylinder 433 can drive the first spring 438 to stretch around the circumference of the rotating shaft 437; when switching the arc-shaped slide rail 3, the driving motor 436 stops working and does not need to be reversed, so that the second rotating cylinder 435 stops rotating, at this time, the first rotating cylinder 433 is driven to rotate in the opposite direction by the elastic force of the first spring 438, and can move into the groove 431 during the reverse rotation, at the same time, the second spring 439 provides a pulling force to the first rotating cylinder 433, so that the first rotating cylinder 433 can quickly return to the groove 431, thereby separating the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42.

[0048] Specifically, the positioning groove 434 is arranged on the first sliding block 41, the connecting shaft 442 is arranged in the positioning groove 434, gears are arranged on the connecting shaft 442 and the rotating shaft 440, and the coaxial rotation of the two second rotating cylinders 435 can be realized, thereby saving the use cost.

[0049] Specifically, the driving motor 436 and the linear motor driving the linear rail 2 are electrically connected, the driving motor 436 and the linear motor are simultaneously turned on and turned off, thereby the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42 can be quickly separated when switching the arc-shaped rail 3, and the linear motor can stop working at the same time, avoiding that the movement of the linear motor drives the arc-shaped rail 3 to continue moving on the rack 1, so that the arc-shaped rail 3 cannot be aligned with the arc of the arc-shaped surface.

[0050] In some embodiments, the connecting piece 43 further comprises two first electromagnets 445, which are respectively arranged on the front end surface of the first sliding block 41 and the rear end surface of the arc-shaped track 3, and the polarities of the two first electromagnets 445 on opposite sides are opposite.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first electromagnets 445 are used to connect the first sliding block 41 and the arc-shaped track 3, which can reduce the pressure of the arc-shaped track 3 on the second sliding block 42, thereby enhancing the stability of the friction stir welding machine 5; the first electromagnets 445 are electrically connected with the driving motor 436, and the power is turned on and off at the same time, thereby simplifying the circuit.

[0052] In another embodiment, referring to Figures 3-4 , the track switching assembly 4 comprises a third sliding block 45 and two switching pieces 46, the friction stir welding machine 5 is installed on the front end surface of the third sliding block 45, the two switching pieces 46 are respectively arranged between the third sliding block 45 and the straight track 2 and between the third sliding block 45 and the arc-shaped track 3, the third sliding block 45 comprises a connecting part 451 and four sliding parts 452 arranged perpendicularly to the connecting part 451, the connecting part 451 is connected with the friction stir welding machine 5, two of the sliding parts 452 are slidingly connected to the straight track 2, and the other two sliding parts 452 are connected to the arc-shaped track 3; the switching piece 46 comprises four switching grooves 461 arranged on the rear end surface of the connecting part 451, a telescopic rod 462 arranged in the switching groove 461, a telescopic spring 463 arranged around the outer wall of the telescopic rod 462, and a plurality of second electromagnets 464, the telescopic rod 462 is vertically arranged in the switching groove 461, the top of the telescopic rod 462 is connected with the bottom end surface of the right side of the sliding part 452, and each second electromagnet 464 is arranged on the opposite side of the track groove of the arc-shaped track 3, the track groove of the straight track 2, and each sliding part 452 and the track groove, the polarities of two second electromagnets 464 on opposite sides of the same track groove are opposite.

[0053] This embodiment is another structure of the track switching assembly 4, which uses a third sliding block 45, i.e., the first sliding block 41 and the second sliding block 42 are arranged opposite to each other and combined into one piece, the third sliding block 45 is slidingly connected with the straight track 2 and the arc-shaped track 3, and is switched by the switching piece 46; when plane welding, the switching piece 46 on the arc-shaped track 3 is opened, and the switching piece 46 on the straight track 2 works, at this time, the third sliding block 45 is fixed with the straight track 2 and separated from the arc-shaped track 3, so as to realize the moving welding on the straight track 2, and when the arc-shaped track 3 needs to be switched, the two switching pieces 46 work reversely, and the device can quickly switch the straight track 2 and the arc-shaped track 3.

[0054] Specifically, the switching piece 46 is realized by the telescopic rod 462, the telescopic spring 463 and the second electromagnet 464. When the switching piece 46 needs to work, the corresponding connecting part 451 and the second electromagnet 464 in the track groove are powered, the connecting part 451 is tightly attracted in the track groove to move with the track groove by the principle of opposite sex attraction, at this time, the telescopic spring 463 is in the elongated state, when the switching piece 46 does not need to work, the second electromagnet 464 is powered off, the right side end of the connecting part 451 moves downward under the action of the elasticity of the telescopic spring 463, and the other side moves upward, thereby leaving the track groove.

[0055] Specifically, since the sliding part 452 generally slides in the track groove through a pulley in the arc-shaped track 3, at this time, the pulley is fixed in the track groove, the second electromagnet 464 is arranged at the top of the pulley, when the arc-shaped track 3 is switched, the sliding part 452 and the top of the pulley are fixed by the second electromagnet 464, and then a driving force is given to the pulley to make it slide; of course, the sliding part 452 can directly slide in the track groove or slide by using a pulley when it slides on the straight track 2, if it directly slides in the track groove, at this time, the track groove uses a transmission structure of a belt and a belt pulley, then the second electromagnet 464 is arranged in the track groove, the sliding part 452 is attracted thereto and moves through the belt, if it slides by using a pulley, it is consistent with the sliding structure of the arc-shaped slide rail.

[0056] In some embodiments, the switching piece 46 further comprises two third electromagnets 465, the two third electromagnets 465 are respectively arranged at positions opposite to the connecting part 451 and the arc-shaped track 3, and the polarities of the two third electromagnets 465 on opposite sides are opposite.

[0057] In the embodiment, the third electromagnet 465 is used to connect the third sliding block 45 and the arc-shaped slide rail 3, so that the stability of the arc-shaped slide rail 3 can be enhanced on the basis of driving it to move with the straight track 2.

[0058] In some embodiments, the track switching assembly 4 further comprises a fourth sliding block 47 arranged at the right side of the third sliding block 45, the fourth sliding block 47 is fixed to the rear end surface of the arc-shaped track 3 and is in sliding connection with the straight track 2.

[0059] In the embodiment, the fourth sliding block 47 is used to connect the arc-shaped track 3 to the straight track 2, so that the stability of the arc-shaped track 3 can be enhanced, and the friction stir welding machine 5 can be more stable when moving on the arc-shaped track 3 under the double support of the straight track 2 and the rack 1, thereby avoiding affecting the welding quality of the weld.

[0060] In some embodiments, a probe 6 is also slidably connected to the straight track 2, the probe 6 is arranged on the right side of the friction stir welding machine 5, the bottom of the probe 6 contacts the top end surface of the sheet metal part and detects the change of the end surface shape, the probe 6 is electrically connected with the controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the track switching assembly 4, the power mechanism of the straight track 2 and the power mechanism of the arc-shaped track 3.

[0061] In the embodiment, the probe 6 is used to detect the surface shape of the sheet metal part, which directly contacts the surface of the sheet metal part during work and sends the detection result to the controller, if the surface of the sheet metal part is detected to be straight, the straight track 2 is moved, if the surface of the sheet metal part is detected to start to have an arc, the arc-shaped track 3 is switched to work; the probe 6 can be a pressure sensor, a laser sensor or other detection devices capable of detecting the surface shape of the sheet metal part.

[0062] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 5 , the friction stir welding machine 5 comprises a machine body 51, a stirring head 52 rotatably connected to the bottom of the machine body 51, a stirring needle 53 arranged below the stirring head 52 and a fine adjustment structure 54 arranged between the stirring head 52 and the stirring needle 53, the fine adjustment structure 54 comprises a fine adjustment groove 541 arranged on the lower end surface of the stirring head 52, a fine adjustment spring 542 arranged in the fine adjustment groove 541, two oppositely arranged clamping grooves 543 arranged on the side wall of the fine adjustment groove 541, an arc-shaped clamping block 544 arranged in the clamping groove 543 and a drive cylinder 545 driving the arc-shaped clamping block 544 to move in the clamping groove 543, the other end of the fine adjustment spring 542 is fixed to the top of the stirring needle 53, the diameter of the fine adjustment groove 541 is larger than the diameter of the stirring needle 53, and the recessed surface of the arc-shaped clamping block 544 is clamped on the outer wall of the stirring needle 53.

[0063] In the embodiment, after switching to the arc-shaped track 3 for welding, the distance between the arc-shaped track 3 and the sheet metal part and the distance between the bottom of the friction stir welding machine 5 and the sheet metal part will change slightly, in addition, the thickness of the sheet metal part also changes after the sheet metal part transits to the curved surface, so it is necessary to adjust the depth of the stirring needle 53 into the weld; the fine adjustment spring 542 is used to adjust the position of the stirring needle 53 to adjust the depth of the stirring needle 53, when adjustment is needed, the drive cylinder 545 starts to work to drive the arc-shaped clamping block 544 to move in the direction inside the clamping groove 543, so as to move away from the stirring needle 53, at this time, the stirring needle 53 moves up and down under the action of the fine adjustment spring 542 to adjust its position, after adjustment is completed, the drive cylinder 545 drives the arc-shaped clamping block 544 to move reversely to clamp on the outer wall of the stirring needle 53, so as to limit the displacement of the stirring needle 53, thereby making the welding stable.

[0064] Specifically, the fine adjustment spring 542 is in an elongated or compressed state before adjustment, and drives the stirring needle 53 to move upward or downward during adjustment. Of course, in order to achieve upward and downward movement during adjustment, a push plate can be connected to the inner wall of the fine adjustment groove 541 along the axial direction, and the push plate is driven by a pneumatic cylinder, and the other end of the push plate is connected to the stirring needle 53, thereby driving the stirring needle 53 to move upward or downward.

[0065] Specifically, a sensor for detecting the thickness of the sheet metal part can be arranged on the rack 1, and the depth of the stirring needle 53 into the weld is determined according to the detection result, thereby determining the adjustment length.

[0066] In some embodiments, the fine adjustment structure 54 further comprises a limiting plate 546 arranged in the clamping groove 543, and the limiting plate 546 is provided with a through hole for the fine adjustment spring 542.

[0067] In the embodiment, the limiting plate 546 is arranged to limit the movement amount of the stirring needle 53, so as to avoid the stirring needle 53 from moving upward or downward beyond the self-adaptive amount.

[0068] Specifically, the arc-shaped track can be hinged to the fourth sliding block in the present application, at this time, the arc-shaped track is arranged at the bottom end surface of the fourth sliding block, and through the hinge, the connection angle between the arc-shaped track and the fourth sliding block can be changed, thereby changing the direction of the arc-shaped track, so as to adapt to sheet metal parts with various bending angles or bending directions. Based on this, the arc-shaped track is no longer connected to the second sliding block or the third sliding block by the electromagnet.

[0069] The working principle of the friction stir welding device in the application is that a linear track 2 and an arc track 3 are arranged, and the arc track 3 is arranged on one side of a friction stir welding machine 5, so that the arc track 3 can move together with the friction stir welding machine 5, and the surface shape of the sheet metal part is detected by using a probe 6, when the surface shape is a curved surface, the friction stir welding machine 5 is switched from the linear track 2 to the arc track 3 by a track switching assembly 4, so that the friction stir welding machine 5 starts to move in an arc shape; the track switching assembly 4 can adopt a first slider 41 and a second slider 42 which are arranged opposite to each other and connected to each other, when the linear track 2 moves, a driving motor 436 drives a second rotating cylinder 435 to be screwed with a first rotating cylinder 433 to realize the fixation of the first slider 41 and the second slider 42, when switching, the driving motor 436 does not rotate, the first spring 438 drives the second rotating cylinder to reverse and under the drive of the second spring 439, the second rotating cylinder returns to the second slider 42 to realize the separation from the first slider 41; the track switching assembly 4 can also adopt a third slider 45, and the separation or fixation of the third slider 45 from the linear track 2 or the arc track 3 is realized by the electrification of the second electromagnet 464 and the track slot and the stretching of the extension spring 463 to the sliding part 452 of the third slider 45; when the friction stir welding machine 5 enters the arc track 3, the depth of the stirring needle 53 entering the weld is adjusted by using the fine adjustment spring 542.

[0070] The above are preferred embodiments of the application, and do not limit the protection scope of the application, therefore: any equivalent changes made on the structure, shape, principle of the application should be covered in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A friction stir welding device, characterized in that: The assembly includes a frame (1), on which a straight track (2) and an arc track (3) are provided along the welding direction. The sliding position of the arc track (3) is located below the straight track (2), and the arc track (3) is located in front of the straight track (2). A track switching assembly (4) connects the straight track (2) and the arc track (3). A friction stir welding machine (5) is installed on the track switching assembly (4), and the track switching assembly (4) switches the friction stir welding machine (5) from the straight track (2) to the arc track. The track (3) slides, and the arc-shaped track (3) is located on one side of the friction stir welding machine (5), and the curvature of the arc-shaped track (3) is consistent with the curvature of the sheet metal part; the track switching assembly (4) includes a first slider (41) slidably connected to the straight track (2), a second slider (42) slidably connected to the arc-shaped track (3), and a connecting piece (43) located between the first slider (41) and the second slider (42). The friction stir welding machine (5) is fixedly connected to the front end face of the second slider (42), and the arc-shaped track (3) is fixedly connected to the straight track (2). A straight section is provided at the left end of the channel (3). On the straight welding line, the second slider (42) is located on the straight section, and the rear end face of the second slider (42) is arranged opposite to the front end face of the first slider (41). The connecting member (43) includes two grooves (431) arranged opposite to each other on the rear end face of the second slider (42), two turntables (432) slidably connected in each of the grooves (431), two first rotating cylinders (433) rotatably connected to each of the turntables (432), and a [missing information - likely a component or component] located on the front end face of the first slider (41). The connector (43) includes two positioning grooves (434) that correspond one-to-one with each of the grooves (431), two second rotating cylinders (435) disposed in each of the positioning grooves (434), and a drive motor (436) for driving the second rotating cylinders (435) to rotate. The first rotating cylinder (433) is disposed in the second rotating cylinder (435) and screwed to it. The connector (43) also includes a rotating shaft (437) disposed on the turntable (432), a first spring (438) sleeved on the rotating shaft (437), and a second spring (439) disposed at the bottom of the groove (431).

2. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector (43) further includes a rotating shaft (440) respectively disposed on the left end face of each of the second rotating cylinders (435), a vertically arranged connecting groove (441) disposed between the two positioning grooves (434), and a connecting shaft (442) disposed in the connecting groove (441); the right end face of the first rotating cylinder (433) is connected to the rotating shaft (437), and one end of the first spring (438) is connected to the turntable (432), and the other end is connected to the first rotating cylinder (433). The other end of the second spring (439) is connected to the turntable (432); the two ends of the connecting shaft (442) are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the connecting groove (441) and extend into the two positioning grooves (434), the part of the connecting shaft (442) that extends into the positioning groove (434) is fitted with a first gear (443), and the two rotating shafts (440) are fitted with second gears (444), the first gear (443) and the second gear (444) are perpendicular and meshed.

3. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connector (43) also includes two first electromagnets (445), which are respectively disposed on the front end face of the first slider (41) and the rear end face of the arc track (3), and the polarities of the two first electromagnets (445) on opposite sides are opposite.

4. A friction stir welding apparatus, characterized in that: The assembly includes a frame (1), on which a straight track (2) and an arc track (3) are provided along the welding direction. The arc track (3) is located below the straight track (2) and in front of the straight track (2). A track switching assembly (4) connects the straight track (2) and the arc track (3). A friction stir welding machine (5) is mounted on the track switching assembly (4), and the track switching assembly (4) switches the friction stir welding machine (5) from the straight track (2) to the arc track (3). The arc track (3) is located on one side of the friction stir welding machine (5), and the arc of the arc track (3) is consistent with the curvature of the sheet metal part; the track switching assembly (4) includes a third slider (45) and two switching components (46). The friction stir welding machine (5) is installed on the front end face of the third slider (45). The two switching components (46) are respectively located between the third slider (45) and the straight track (2) and between the third slider (45) and the arc track (3). The third slider (45) includes a connecting part (451) and four sliding parts arranged perpendicularly to the connecting part (451). The moving part (452) is connected to the connecting part (451) by friction stirring welding. Two of the sliding parts (452) are slidably connected to the linear track (2), and the other two sliding parts (452) are connected to the arc track (3). The switching component (46) includes four switching slots (461) on the rear end face of the connecting part (451), a telescopic rod (462) on the switching slot (461), a telescopic spring (463) wrapped around the outer wall of the telescopic rod (462), and a plurality of second electromagnets (464). The telescopic rod (462) is vertically arranged in the switching slot (461). The top of the telescopic rod (462) is connected to the bottom end face of the right side of the sliding part (452). The second electromagnets (464) are respectively located in the track groove of the arc track (3), the track groove of the straight track (2), and the opposite side of the sliding part (452) and the track groove. The polarities of the opposite sides of the two second electromagnets (464) located in the same track groove are opposite. The track switching assembly (4) also includes a fourth slider (47) located on the right side of the third slider (45). The fourth slider (47) is fixed to the rear end face of the arc track (3) and slidably connected to the straight track (2).

5. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The switching component (46) also includes two third electromagnets (465), which are respectively located on the arc track (3) and the connecting part (451) opposite to the arc track (3), and the polarities of the two third electromagnets (465) on opposite sides are opposite.

6. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: A probe (6) is also slidably connected on the linear track (2). The probe (6) is located on the right side of the friction stir welding machine (5), and the bottom of the probe (6) contacts the top end face of the sheet metal part and detects the change in the shape of the end face. The probe (6) is electrically connected to the controller, and the controller is electrically connected to the track switching component (4), the power mechanism of the linear track (2), and the power mechanism of the arc track (3).

7. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The friction stir welding machine (5) includes a machine body (51), a stirring head (52) rotatably connected to the bottom of the machine body (51), a stirring pin (53) disposed below the stirring head (52), and a fine-tuning structure (54) disposed between the stirring head (52) and the stirring pin (53). The fine-tuning structure (54) includes a fine-tuning groove (541) disposed on the lower end face of the stirring head (52), a fine-tuning spring (542) disposed in the fine-tuning groove (541), and a fine-tuning spring (542) disposed on the side of the fine-tuning groove (541). The device consists of two opposing locking grooves (543) on the wall, an arc-shaped locking block (544) disposed in the locking groove (543), and a driving cylinder (545) for driving the arc-shaped locking block (544) to move within the locking groove (543). The other end of the fine-tuning spring (542) is fixed to the top of the stirring needle (53). The diameter of the fine-tuning groove (541) is larger than the diameter of the stirring needle (53). The concave surface of the arc-shaped locking block (544) is locked onto the outer wall of the stirring needle (53).

8. The friction stir welding equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fine-tuning structure (54) also includes a limiting plate (546) disposed in the locking groove (543), and the limiting plate (546) has a through hole for the fine-tuning spring (542) to pass through.

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