Three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing spatial oblique yarns and weaving method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a weaving method of a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing spatial oblique yarns, and relates to the field of integral forming and preparation of three-dimensional fabrics, by arranging three-dimensional compound motion of two adjacent layers of oblique yarns, the limitation that the angle of the oblique yarns in a traditional plane is fixed is broken through, staggered distribution of the oblique yarns in a three-dimensional space is achieved, and the three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric is obtained. The in-plane and interlayer bonding strength of the fabric is effectively enhanced; meanwhile, through the empty yarn position design and the edge yarn dynamic compensation and reset mechanism, the continuity and stability of the spatial oblique yarn are ensured, precise positioning of the oblique yarn and the warp insertion yarn is achieved, and the stability of the spatial oblique yarn weaving process is greatly improved; the method is simple in process, high in weaving efficiency and stable and reliable in structure, after heating, PCM phase change heat dissipation maintains constant temperature, and heat cyclic utilization is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of integral forming preparation of three-dimensional fabrics, and particularly to a three-dimensional integral preform fabric containing space diagonal yarns. Background Art

[0002] In the fields of aerospace, components such as blades of new-generation high-thrust-to-weight ratio engines and fuselage frames of wide-body airliners generally bear multi-directional composite loads such as centrifugal force, aerodynamic loads, and impact vibrations. Such components require the reinforcement to have high strength retention rates in the warp direction, weft direction, and ±30° - 60° diagonal directions. The in-plane / out-of-plane shear strength of the current orthogonal structure preform is only about 40% of the unidirectional strength, resulting in asymmetric deformation and fatigue delamination of special-shaped components under flight conditions, seriously restricting the improvement of the service life of equipment. Therefore, developing preform fabrics with spatially multi-directional continuous reinforcement has become a key technical bottleneck in the design of aerospace composites.

[0003] Currently, three-dimensional integral preform fabrics are mainly dominated by multi-layer orthogonal structures, and the mainstream processes include interlayer tying and angle interlock weaving. Although such technologies can improve the interlayer bonding force through Z-direction yarns, the spatial orientation of the yarns is limited to the 0° / 90° orthogonal system. Research shows that the in-plane modulus of a typical three-dimensional fabric using the angle interlock process decreases significantly in the ±45° direction compared with the 0° direction. Although some studies have attempted to introduce diagonal fibers through laminated stitching, the process complexity increases sharply, and the fiber breakage rate at the stitching points is relatively high, making it difficult to meet the stringent requirements of aerospace components for fiber continuity and mechanical stability.

[0004] The invention patent with the application number CN106939462A and the name of "A weaving method of a multi-layer multi-directional fabric" discloses a weaving method of a multi-layer multi-directional fabric, including the following steps: (i) arranging the main yarns; (ii) arranging the diagonal yarn edge yarns; (iii) moving the diagonal yarns; (iv) introducing the normal yarns; (v) introducing the weft yarns; (vi) pressing the yarns; (vii) repeating steps (iii) - (vi) to obtain the target length of the fabric, thus obtaining a multi-layer multi-directional fabric. The multi-layer multi-directional fabric is a new type of three-dimensional fabric that has developed rapidly in recent years and has characteristics such as the in-plane fiber orientation being designable, the fibers between layers being continuously penetrated, and the fabric structure being integral. It is an ideal reinforcing structural phase for resin-based, ceramic-based, and carbon-based composites. Although the weaving method of this invention can weave multi-layer multi-directional fabrics containing diagonal yarns, this method can only form in-plane diagonal yarns and cannot realize the weaving of space diagonal yarns. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the defects of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention discloses a three-dimensional integral preform fabric containing space diagonal yarns and its weaving method, and the specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0006] A method for weaving a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing spatially oblique yarns comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1: Initial yarn arrangement:

[0008] S11: Warp yarn 1 arrangement: The warp spindles are arranged on the warp yarn guide bar. The warp spindles on the same warp yarn guide bar are arranged cyclically according to the rule of "hanging 1 and empty 5". M layers and N columns of warp yarn 1 are arranged on the warp spindles.

[0009] S12: Arrangement of the lining warp yarn 3 and the bias yarn 4: The lining warp yarn 3 and the bias yarn 4 are hung on the spindles on the yarn guide bar between adjacent warp yarns 1 column, and the spindles on the yarn guide bar between adjacent bias yarns 4 and lining warp yarn 3 have one empty row. The spindles on the same yarn guide bar are arranged cyclically according to the rule of "bias yarn 4 - empty yarn 5 - lining warp yarn 3 - empty yarn 5 - lining warp yarn 4"; m' layers of n-1 columns of lining warp yarn 3 and m" layers of n-1 columns of bias yarn 4 are hung on the spindles, and one layer of empty yarn 5 is placed between adjacent bias yarns 4 and lining warp yarn 3;

[0010] S13: Side yarn arrangement: There is a row of yarn guides on the left and right sides of the main warp yarn guides, called side yarn guides; one bias yarn 4 is arranged on the left side yarn spindle of the [α, β] bias yarn 41 spindle layer moving in the lower right direction; one bias yarn 4 is arranged on the right side yarn spindle of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 spindle layer moving in the upper left direction;

[0011] S2: Warp yarn 1 opening movement: The lining warp yarn 3 guide bar is fixed, and the adjacent warp yarn guide bars move up and down relative to each other by several spindle positions, driving the warp yarns to form M+1 warp yarn openings;

[0012] S3: Introduction of the bias yarn 4: The introduction of the bias yarn 4 is completed by the movement of the bias yarn spindles; the bias yarn spindles are grouped into two adjacent layers of bias yarn 4, and the specific method is that the adjacent [α, β] bias yarn 41 and [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 move in an interlaced manner; the [α, β] bias yarn spindle moves to the right by several steps and downward by 1 step, and the [-α, -β] bias yarn spindle moves to the left by several steps and upward by 1 step;

[0013] S4: Side yarn compensation: The rightmost spindles of the [α, β] bias yarn 41 and the leftmost spindles of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 enter the side yarn to form new side yarns. The new side yarns are moved up and down to fill the original side yarns, so that the rightmost main yarn of the [α, β] bias yarn 41 becomes the new side yarn of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42, and the leftmost main yarn of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 becomes the new side yarn of the [α, β] bias yarn 41, thus completing the side yarn compensation;

[0014] S5: Reset of the diagonal yarn 4: After the new edge yarn compensation is completed, move the spindles of the [α,β] diagonal yarn 41 upward by one step and the spindles of the [-α,-β] diagonal yarn 42 downward by one step to restore the diagonal yarn 4 to its initial position;

[0015] S6: Insertion of the weft yarn 2: In the M + 1 warp openings formed, the weft yarn device sequentially inserts the weft yarn 2 into each warp opening. In the interlayer openings between the warp yarns 3 and the diagonal yarns 4, the weft yarn 2 can be selectively inserted;

[0016] S7: Tightening of the yarns: The yarn pressing device is inserted between the columns of the warp yarn 1, translated towards the fabric fell, and the weft yarn 2 is beaten into the fabric fell, then the yarn pressing device is withdrawn.

[0017] S8: Formation of the prefabricated fabric: Repeat the steps S2 - S7 to the target length of the fabric to obtain a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing the diagonal yarn 4.

[0018] Further, the number of the several spindles positions is 7.

[0019] Further, the number of the several steps is 1 or greater than or equal to 2.

[0020] Further, a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing spatial diagonal yarns is woven.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1) The weaving method of the three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric with spatial diagonal yarns according to the present invention breaks through the limitation of the fixed angle of the diagonal yarn in the traditional plane by setting the three-dimensional composite movement of the diagonal yarns in adjacent two layers, realizes the staggered distribution of the diagonal yarns in the three-dimensional space, and effectively enhances the in-plane shear resistance and the interlayer bonding strength of the fabric;

[0023] 2) Through the design of the empty yarn position, the dynamic compensation and reset mechanism of the edge yarn, the continuity and the structural stability of the spatial diagonal yarns are ensured, the problem of yarn misalignment caused by the complex movement is solved, the precise positioning of the diagonal yarns and the warp yarns is realized, and the stability of the spatial diagonal yarn weaving process is greatly improved; this method has simple process, high weaving efficiency, and stable and reliable structure. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the angle description of the three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric with spatial diagonal yarns of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the initial position of the first warp opening;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the movement of the spatial diagonal yarn in the first warp opening;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the first warp opening edge yarn compensation movement;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the first reset movement of the space diagonal yarn in the warp opening space;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the second warp opening movement;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional woven angle interlock fabric;

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing space diagonal yarns of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional woven angle interlock fabric;

[0033] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing space diagonal yarns of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer multi-directional fabric.

[0035] In the figure: 1 is the warp yarn, 2 is the weft yarn, 3 is the backing warp yarn, 4 is the diagonal yarn, 41 is the [α,β] diagonal yarn, 42 is the [-α,-β] diagonal yarn, 4' is the projection of the diagonal yarn on the xoy plane, and 5 is the empty yarn. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specific implementation manners.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "provided with," "connected," etc., should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it may refer to internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the x direction is the warp direction, the y direction is the weft direction, and the z direction is the thickness direction of the prefabricated fabric. The projection of the bias yarn 4 on the xoy plane is 4', α is the angle between the bias yarn plane projection 4' and the warp direction, and β is the angle between the bias yarn 4 and the xoy plane. Therefore, the vector [α, β] in the present invention represents the spatial angle of the bias yarn 4.

[0040] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a weaving method for a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing spatially biased yarns, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1: Initial yarn arrangement

[0042] S11: Warp yarn 1 arrangement: The warp spindles are arranged on the warp yarn guide bar. The warp spindles on the same warp yarn guide bar are arranged cyclically according to the rule of "hanging 1 and empty 5". M layers and N columns of warp yarn 1 are arranged on the warp spindles.

[0043] S12: Arrangement of lining warp yarn 3 and diagonal yarn 4: lining warp yarn 3 and diagonal yarn 4 are hung on the spindles on the yarn guide bar between adjacent warp yarn rows, one row of spindles on the yarn guide bar between adjacent diagonal yarn 4 and lining warp yarn 3 are left empty, and the spindles on the same yarn guide bar are arranged cyclically according to the rule of "diagonal yarn 4 - empty yarn 5 - lining warp yarn 3 - empty yarn 5 - diagonal yarn 4"; m' layers of n-1 rows of lining warp yarn 3 and m" layers of n-1 rows of diagonal yarn 4 are hung on the spindles, and one layer of empty yarn 5 is left between adjacent diagonal yarn 4 and lining warp yarn 3.

[0044] S13: Side yarn arrangement: There is a row of yarn guides on each side of the main warp guide, called side yarn guides; one bias yarn 4 is arranged on the left side yarn spindle of the [α, β] bias yarn 41 spindle layer moving toward the lower right; one bias yarn 4 is arranged on the right side yarn spindle of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 spindle layer moving toward the upper left.

[0045] S2: Warp 1 opening movement

[0046] The lining warp yarn 3 guide bars are fixed, and the adjacent warp yarn guide bars move up and down relative to 7 spindle positions, driving the warp yarns to form M+1 warp yarn openings.

[0047] S3: Bias yarn 4 introduction

[0048] The introduction of the bias yarn 4 is completed by the movement of the bias yarn spindles; the bias yarn spindles are grouped with two adjacent layers of bias yarn 4, and the specific method is that the adjacent [α, β] bias yarn 41 and [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 move alternately with each other; the [α, β] bias yarn spindle moves to the right by several steps and downward by 1 step, and the [-α, -β] bias yarn spindle moves to the left by several steps and upward by 1 step.

[0049] S4: Edge yarn compensation

[0050] The rightmost spindles of the [α, β] bias yarn 41 and the leftmost spindles of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 enter the edge yarn to form a new edge yarn, and the new edge yarn is moved up and down to fill the original edge yarn, so that the rightmost main yarn of the [α, β] bias yarn 41 becomes the new edge yarn of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42, and the leftmost main yarn of the [-α, -β] bias yarn 42 becomes the new edge yarn of the [α, β] bias yarn 41, completing the edge yarn compensation.

[0051] S5: Bias yarn 4 reset

[0052] After the new edge yarn is compensated, the [α, β] diagonal yarn 41 spindle is moved upward by 1 step, and the [-α, -β] diagonal yarn 42 spindle is moved downward by 1 step, so that the diagonal yarn 4 returns to its initial position.

[0053] S6: Weft yarn 2 introduction

[0054] In the M+1 warp yarn openings formed, the weft yarn device introduces the weft yarn 2 into each warp yarn opening in turn, and the weft yarn 2 can be selectively introduced into the openings between the layers of the lining warp yarn 3 and the diagonal yarn 4.

[0055] S7: Tighten the yarn

[0056] The yarn pressing device is inserted between the rows of warp yarn 1, moved horizontally toward the cloth fell, and the weft yarn 2 is beaten into the cloth fell, and the yarn pressing device is removed.

[0057] S8: Prefabricated fabric formation

[0058] Repeat steps S2 to S7 until the target length of the fabric is reached, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing the bias yarns 4.

[0059] In the above steps, the plurality of step distances is 1 step distance or is greater than or equal to 2 step distances.

[0060] Specifically, Figures 7 to 10 These are two embodiments of the three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing spatial bias yarns of the present invention.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] Figure 7 Shows a three-dimensional woven shallow cross-bent and lined warp angle-interlocked fabric containing only orthogonal yarns, where the warp yarn 1 binds the weft yarn 2 and the lining warp yarn 3 in an angle-interlocked manner, the weft yarn 2 and the lining warp yarn 3 are vertically arranged alternately in the thickness direction, and the warp yarn 1 and the lining warp yarn 3 are arranged alternately in the weft direction.

[0063] Figure 8 Shows that on Figure 7 the basis of the shown three-dimensional woven shallow cross-bent and lined warp angle-interlocked fabric, a preform fabric woven with [45°, 45°] diagonal yarns 41 and [-45°, -45°] diagonal yarns 42 according to the above weaving method.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] Figure 9 Shows a three-dimensional woven angle-interlocked fabric containing only orthogonal yarns, where the warp yarn 1 binds the weft yarn 2 and the lining warp yarn 3 in an angle-interlocked manner, the weft yarn 2 and the lining warp yarn 3 are vertically arranged alternately in the thickness direction in the pattern of one layer of weft yarn 2 and three layers of lining warp yarn 3, and the warp yarn 1 and the lining warp yarn 3 are arranged alternately in the weft direction.

[0066] Figure 10 Shows that on Figure 7 the basis of the shown three-dimensional woven shallow cross-bent and lined warp angle-interlocked fabric, a preform fabric woven with [-45°, -45°] diagonal yarns 41 and [45°, -45°] diagonal yarns 42 according to the above weaving method.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] As Figure 11 shown, the invention patent with the application number CN106939462A and the name "A Weaving Method of a Multilayer Multidirectional Fabric" discloses a weaving method of a multilayer multidirectional fabric and its fabric. In fact, the fabric disclosed in this patent can be regarded as a special case of the present invention, including a preform fabric containing [θ, 0°] diagonal yarns 41 and [-θ, 0°] diagonal yarns 42.

[0069] It should be noted that this example only gives a three-dimensional integral preform fabric containing space diagonal yarns, and the weaving method of the present invention is not limited to this example.

[0070] As described above, it is only a relatively preferable specific implementation manner of the present invention. Of course, the present invention can also have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, any person skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and deformations according to the present invention. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation should fall within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A weaving method for a three-dimensional integral preform containing space diagonal yarns, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: S1: Initial yarn arrangement: S11: Warp yarn (1) arrangement: The warp spindles are arranged on the warp yarn guide bar. The warp spindles on the same warp yarn guide bar are arranged cyclically according to the rule of "hanging 1 and empty 5". M layers and N rows of warp yarns (1) are arranged on the warp spindles. S12: Arrangement of the lining warp yarn (3) and the bias yarn (4): the lining warp yarn (3) and the bias yarn (4) are hung on the spindles on the yarn guide bar between the adjacent warp yarn (1) rows, the spindles on the yarn guide bar between the adjacent bias yarn (4) and the lining warp yarn (3) are left empty in one row, and the spindles on the same yarn guide bar are arranged cyclically according to the rule of "bias yarn (4) - empty yarn (5) - lining warp yarn (3) - empty yarn (5) - lining warp yarn (4)"; the spindles are hung with m' layers of n-1 rows of lining warp yarn (3), and m" layers of n-1 rows of bias yarn (4), and one layer of empty yarn (5) between the adjacent bias yarn (4) and the lining warp yarn (3); S13: Side yarn arrangement: There is a row of yarn guides on the left and right sides of the main warp yarn guide, which are called side yarn guides; one bias yarn (4) is arranged on the left side yarn spindle of the [α, β] bias yarn (41) spindle layer moving in the lower right direction; one bias yarn (4) is arranged on the right side yarn spindle of the [-α, -β] bias yarn (42) spindle layer moving in the upper left direction; S2: Warp yarn 1 opening movement: the lining warp yarn (3) guide bar is fixed, and the adjacent warp yarn guide bars move up and down relative to each other by several spindle positions, driving the warp yarns to form M+1 warp yarn openings; S3: Introduction of the bias yarn 4: The introduction of the bias yarn (4) is completed by the movement of the bias yarn spindles; the bias yarn spindles are grouped into two adjacent layers of bias yarn (4), specifically, the adjacent [α, β] bias yarns (41) and [-α, -β] bias yarns (42) move in an interlaced manner; the [α, β] bias yarn spindles move rightward by several steps and downward by one step, and the [-α, -β] bias yarn spindles move leftward by several steps and upward by one step; S4: side yarn compensation: the rightmost spindles of the [α, β] bias yarn (41) and the leftmost spindles of the [-α, -β] bias yarn (42) enter the side yarn to form new side yarns, and the new side yarns are moved up and down to fill the original side yarns, so that the rightmost main yarn of the [α, β] bias yarn (41) becomes the new side yarn of the [-α, -β] bias yarn (42), and the leftmost main yarn of the [-α, -β] bias yarn (42) becomes the new side yarn of the [α, β] bias yarn (41), completing the side yarn compensation; S5: Reset the oblique yarn 4: After the new edge yarn is compensated, the spindle of the [α, β] oblique yarn (41) is moved upward by 1 step, and the spindle of the [-α, -β] oblique yarn (42) is moved downward by 1 step, so that the oblique yarn (4) returns to its initial position; S6: Weft yarn 2 introduction: In the M+1 warp yarn openings formed, the weft yarn device sequentially introduces the weft yarn (2) into each warp yarn opening, and can selectively introduce the weft yarn (2) into the openings between the layers of the lining warp yarn (3) and the bias yarn (4); S7: Tighten the yarn: The yarn pressing device is inserted between the rows of warp yarns (1), moved horizontally toward the weaving fell, and the weft yarn (2) is punched into the weaving fell, and the yarn pressing device is removed. S8: Preparing the prefabricated fabric: Repeat the steps S2 to S7 until the fabric reaches the target length, and a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing the diagonal yarn (4) is obtained.

2. The weaving method of a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing space diagonal yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the several spindle positions is 7.

3. The weaving method of a three-dimensional integral preform containing space diagonal yarns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the several step pitches is 1 or greater than or equal to 2.

4. The weaving method of a three-dimensional integral preform containing space diagonal yarns according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, Weave to obtain a three-dimensional integral prefabricated fabric containing space diagonal yarns.

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