Intelligent adaptive metasurface and electromagnetic regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent adaptive metasurface and an electromagnetic regulation and control method. The metasurface unit is of a three-layer composite structure and comprises a programmable phase shifter, a slot antenna and a coupling circuit, and real-time sensing of amplitude and phase information of incident electromagnetic waves and 0-360-degree continuous regulation and control of reflection phases are achieved. The array is composed of 6 * 6 independent control units and supports + / -60-degree beam scanning and high-precision direction of arrival estimation (error lt; 1 degree). Channel state information is obtained through a coupling link, a coding matrix is dynamically optimized in combination with a closed-loop feedback algorithm, and the communication quality is improved in a complex environment. Experiments show that the metasurface respectively brings 16dB, 19dB and 8dB channel gains in ideal, non-line-of-sight and real scenes, the problems that a traditional metasurface is poor in environmental adaptability and insufficient in phase precision are solved, and an innovative hardware platform is provided for 6G communication, an intelligent reflecting surface and a radar sensing system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication and electromagnetic control technology, and specifically to an intelligent adaptive metasurface and electromagnetic control method with environmental perception and dynamic control capabilities, which are suitable for integrated interawareness (ISAC), radar perception, and channel optimization in complex scenarios. Background Art

[0002] As wireless communications develop towards high-frequency bands, massive MIMO, and integrated interawareness (ISAC), metasurface technology has attracted widespread attention due to its low cost and programmable electromagnetic control capabilities. Traditional metasurfaces usually achieve beamforming through preset coding modes or simple feedback mechanisms, but their core bottleneck lies in the lack of environmental perception capabilities and insufficient control accuracy. Existing reflective metasurfaces mostly rely on external sensors (such as cameras, radars, etc.) to obtain environmental information, resulting in excessive system complexity and limited real-time response capabilities. Especially in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios, multipath interference will significantly reduce communication reliability. In addition, mainstream design schemes mostly adopt a global control strategy, that is, adjusting the beam direction through a unified phase gradient, which is difficult to adapt to local dynamic interference (such as obstacle obstruction and user movement) in real time, resulting in problems such as beam pointing offset and channel estimation error accumulation. In terms of control accuracy, existing technologies generally use low-bit phase quantization (such as 1-2 bits), which leads to large fluctuations in the amplitude of the reflected signal and increased sidelobe levels, making it difficult to meet the strict requirements of millimeter wave communications for beam purity; in multi-user scenarios, low-precision phase adjustment will also cause inter-beam interference, seriously affecting signal quality and system capacity.

[0003] In recent years, some studies have attempted to integrate sensing functions into metasurface units, but there are still significant defects. For example, some solutions achieve environmental perception by adding radio frequency links to the sides of the metasurface, but such designs lead to a significant increase in unit size, and the sensing link is separated from the control link, making it difficult to achieve collaborative optimization. Other solutions use reconfigurable impedance networks to enhance sensing capabilities, but are limited by discrete switching devices, resulting in a limited phase adjustment range (usually less than 360°), low sensing sensitivity, and large errors in environmental parameter estimation. More importantly, existing technologies cannot simultaneously achieve deep collaboration between unit-level independent sensing and high-precision continuous control: discrete phase quantization leads to low beamforming efficiency, and the coupling noise between the sensing link and the control link (such as nonlinear distortion of the phase shifter and feeder loss) further reduces the accuracy of environmental perception. Actual tests show that traditional metasurface arrays often have limited beam scanning range and large direction estimation errors due to electromagnetic coupling effects between units in complex scenarios, making it difficult to meet the requirements of 6G communications for high-precision real-time sensing-control integration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical issues:

[0005] The present invention aims to solve key problems existing in existing intelligent metasurfaces, such as lack of environmental perception capability, low phase adjustment accuracy, insufficient unit-level coordination, and high reflection loss. Traditional metasurfaces rely on external sensors to obtain channel information and are unable to perceive complex electromagnetic environments in real time, resulting in delayed control. At the same time, existing technologies mostly use 1-2 bit discrete phase quantization, with an adjustment range of less than 360° and low beamforming efficiency. In addition, global control strategies have difficulty dealing with local interference (such as multipath scattering and obstacle obstruction), and the beam pointing error is large. In addition, the reflection amplitude of traditional metasurfaces fluctuates greatly (≤0.7) and the energy utilization rate is low, which seriously restricts its application performance in complex scenarios.

[0006] Technical solution:

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes an intelligent adaptive metasurface with integrated synaesthesia, whose technical solution includes the following core designs: multi-layer unit structure design, high-precision phase shifter design, unit-level perception link integration, dynamic coding method and beam steering.

[0008] The metasurface unit adopts a three-layer stacked architecture. The top-layer structure consists of an F4BTM substrate and a metal patch to form a slot antenna, which couples the incident signal to the middle-layer circuit. The middle-layer circuit is based on a Rogers4003C substrate with integrated programmable phase shifters and parallel coupled microstrip lines to achieve signal control and perception. The spacing between the bottom metal reflector and the middle layer is d = λ / 4 = 21.4mm (3.5GHz), ensuring a reflection efficiency η > 84%, where d is the spacing distance and λ is the wavelength of the incident wave.

[0009] In the design of a high-precision phase shifter, a varactor diode (MAVR-000120-1411) and a 3dB branch line coupler are used. The reflected phase is controlled by the capacitance of the varactor diode, thereby achieving continuous phase adjustment from 0° to 360°. The reflection amplitude |Γ|≥0.84 (loss ≤1.45dB) is achieved.

[0010] In the integration of unit-level sensing links, parallel coupled microstrip lines proportionally couple the incident signal to the sensing circuit, where the mutual inductance is determined by the spatial overlap between the gap and the microstrip line. The sensing capability of the adaptive metasurface is verified by angle of arrival (DOA) estimation. In the experiment, DOA estimation relies on the phase difference of the coupled signals between adjacent units. Taking a one-dimensional linear array as an example, assuming that the spacing between the metasurface units is d, the phase difference perceived by adjacent units is Δφ in . An estimated angle of the incident wave It can be expressed as:

[0011]

[0012] This method is used to verify the effectiveness of adaptive metasurfaces in real-world environment perception.

[0013] The metasurface is distributed according to the phase of the incident field sensed by the m,n 、g m,n , generate the adaptive coding matrix:

[0014] φ m,n =∠Γ m,n =-(∠f m,n +∠g m,n )

[0015] This formula eliminates multipath phase mismatch and achieves coherent signal superposition. The array phase refresh rate is ≥1kHz, meeting the needs of dynamic environments.

[0016] In array-level beam steering, the array beamforming phase compensation formula is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, φ m,n represents the phase of the element in the mth row and nth column, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space, is the pointing angle of the directional beam in space, (x m,n ,y m,n ) is the coordinate of the cell in the mth row and nth column in space, is the initial phase difference between each element caused by the feed source. By adjusting the phase compensation formula, the reflectarray antenna mode and the plane wave control mode are supported, achieving compatibility between near-field and far-field modes.

[0019] Preferably, the size of the slot antenna is 40×40 mm 2 , the operating frequency is 3.5GHz, and the unit spacing is 0.47λ×0.47λ.

[0020] Preferably, the capacitance adjustment range of the varactor diode of the phase shifter is 0.140pF to 0.710pF, and the control voltage is 0-7V.

[0021] The present invention also provides a synaesthesia integrated system, comprising the aforementioned metasurface array, which is applied to the following scenarios:

[0022] Improve communication signal gain through dynamic beamforming in complex environments;

[0023] Combining angle-of-arrival estimation with beamforming to optimize beam pointing in multi-obstacle scenarios;

[0024] Generate polarization compatibility optimization scheme through real-time perception of environmental electromagnetic parameters.

[0025] The present invention also provides an electromagnetic control method based on the metasurface, comprising the following steps:

[0026] The incident signal is received by the slot antenna and coupled to the middle layer microstrip circuit through the H-shaped slot;

[0027] Use a programmable phase shifter to adjust the phase of the main path signal and reflect most of the energy in the target direction;

[0028] Extract the side path signal through parallel coupled microstrip lines and analyze the environmental electromagnetic parameters;

[0029] The DC bias voltage of each unit phase shifter is dynamically adjusted according to the sensing results to generate an adaptive coding matrix to optimize the phase synchronization and pointing accuracy of the reflected beam.

[0030] Preferably, the closed-loop feedback algorithm implements beamforming through a phase compensation formula; the method implements low-latency adaptation of perception and control in a dynamic environment.

[0031] Preferably, the array supports multi-beam collaboration; the hardware integration of the array is based on FPGA control, and the single board supports multi-channel independent control.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. Full-phase high-precision control: The reflection phase is continuously adjustable from 0° to 360°, with a quantization error of <1°, and the beam efficiency is improved by 40% compared with traditional solutions;

[0034] 2. The reflection amplitude is stable (≥0.84), and the energy utilization rate is ≥90%;

[0035] 3. Real-time environmental perception enables unit-level amplitude and phase information collection, supporting DOA estimation (error <1°), multipath separation, and obstacle detection;

[0036] 4. Perception-control delay is less than 1ms, adapting to dynamic environmental changes (such as mobile terminals and vehicle occlusion);

[0037] 5. Wide-area beam scanning: two-dimensional beam scanning range ±60°, main lobe width ≤10°, pointing accuracy error <2°;

[0038] 6. Supports multi-beam collaboration, increasing user capacity by 3 times.

[0039] 7. Adaptability to complex scenarios: In NLoS scenarios, adaptive coding achieves an 8-19dB improvement in channel gain (compared to a metal plate benchmark);

[0040] 8. Polarization compatibility optimization, cross-polarization suppression ratio ≥ 25dB, compatible with existing base station antennas (polarization matching degree > 95%);

[0041] 9. High integration and low cost: The unit size is small, supporting large-scale array integration (M×N≥16×16), based on FPGA control, and a single board supports 256 channels of independent control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the working principle of the adaptive information metasurface designed for synaesthesia.

[0043] Figure 2 Design of adaptive metasurface unit: (a) Structure diagram of adaptive metasurface unit; (b) Details of the sensing-control circuit.

[0044] Figure 3 The geometric structure and radiation pattern of the antenna: (a, b) the front and back structures of the top layer of the metasurface unit; (c, d) the front and back structures of the middle layer of the metasurface unit; (e) the radiation pattern of the slot antenna on the E-plane and H-plane.

[0045] Figure 4 Structure and simulation of the phase shifter: (a) Schematic diagram of the programmable phase shifter structure; (b) The relationship between the phase shift of the phase shifter and the applied DC voltage VDC.

[0046] Figure 5 Full-wave simulation of the unit shows: (a, b) the amplitude and phase relationship between the reflection coefficient Γ and CVAR in full-wave simulation; (c, d) the amplitude and phase relationship between the reflection coefficient Γ and VDC in measurement; (e, f) the amplitude and phase of Γ at 3.50 GHz when VDC varies from 0 to 15 V in measurement; (g, h) the amplitude and phase relationship between the coupling coefficient α and CVAR in full-wave simulation; (g) the result of angle of arrival (DOA) estimation in measurement.

[0047] Figure 6 This is the adaptive metasurface prototype and its local diagram, overall scale: 16×16, array size: 672mm×660mm, (a) front view; (b) back view.

[0048] Figure 7 (a, b) are the scanning patterns of the metasurface array in the E-plane and H-plane, and the scanning range covers ±60°.

[0049] Figure 8 Measurement scenarios: (a) dynamic beamforming measurement scenario; (b, c, d) ISAC scenarios #1, #2, and #3.

[0050] Figure 9 The test results of the directional pattern of metasurface dynamic beamforming: the feed horn is placed at (a) θ = 0°; (b) θ = 20°.

[0051] Figure 10Schematic diagram of a metasurface-assisted communication system.

[0052] Figure 11 Actual test results in different scenarios: (a, c) phase distribution of f in ideal and simple NLoS scenarios; (b) phase distribution of g (almost the same in ideal and simple NLoS scenarios); (d) phase of the optimal coding matrix in the simple NLoS scenario; (ej) received constellation diagrams and signal spectra on the user equipment (UE) in different scenarios; (k) original image to be transmitted by the base station (BS) in the ideal scenario; (l, m) images received by the user equipment (UE) when the adaptive metasurface and metal plate are placed in the ideal scenario.

[0053] Figure 12 (a, b) The phase of f and g in real-world scenarios; (ce) The constellation diagram and signal spectrum received by the UE under different conditions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The core of this embodiment is to propose an intelligent metasurface system with real-time perception and dynamic control capabilities. Figure 1 As shown in Figure 1, the metasurface consists of multiple independently controllable units, each of which includes a sensing module and a control module. When an incident electromagnetic wave passes through a metasurface unit, part of the energy is coupled to the sensing link to obtain environmental information (such as amplitude and phase). The remaining energy is controlled by a phase shifter and then reflected back into free space. The system analyzes the sensing data in real time and dynamically adjusts the reflection phase of each unit to reconstruct the propagation environment. The workflow is as follows:

[0057] First, in the perception stage, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the metasurface unit couples the incident signal in real time through the embedded circuit to extract the amplitude and phase. Then, in the analysis phase, the central processor calculates the channel state information (CSI) and interference distribution based on the sensed data. Finally, in the control phase: the phase encoding matrix Φ is generated according to the optimization algorithm, which drives each unit to adjust the reflection phase φ m,n , maximize the target direction signal gain.

[0058] Then, during the design phase, Figure 2As shown, the metasurface unit adopts a three-layer stacked structure: the top layer is an F4BTM dielectric substrate with metal patches etched on the front and back, with a size of 40mm×40mm; the middle layer is a Rogers4003C substrate, with a metal ground layer with an H-shaped gap on the front and an integrated sensing-control circuit on the back; the bottom layer is a metal reflector to improve reflection efficiency. After the incident wave is coupled to the microstrip line through the H-shaped gap, it is divided into two paths: the main path is reflected after being controlled by the phase shifter; the secondary path extracts the sensing signal through weak coupling. The phase shifter changes the equivalent capacitance C by adjusting the bias voltage VDC (0-7V) of the varactor diode. VAR (0.14-0.71pF), achieving continuous phase control.

[0059] The front metal patch of the top layer in the antenna geometry is a rectangular radiator, and the back patch is a matching structure, together forming a slot antenna; the H-shaped slot of the middle layer is used to couple the incident wave, and the back microstrip line connects the phase shifter and the coupling line; at 3.5GHz, the E plane (θ = 90°) and the H plane The half-power beamwidths of the slot antenna are 85° and 80° respectively, and the gain is 5.2dBi, which verifies the wide-angle radiation characteristics of the slot antenna. Figure 3 shown.

[0060] Among them, the programmable phase shifter is based on a 3dB branch line coupler, and the phase is controlled by a varactor diode (MAVR-000120-1411), such as Figure 4 Circuit simulations show that when VDC increases from 0V to 7V, the transmission phase varies from -90.2° to 96.7°, meeting the requirement for full 360° phase coverage. The phase shifter has an insertion loss of less than 1.2dB and a reflection coefficient better than -15dB.

[0061] Then, full-wave simulation and testing of the unit are carried out, such as Figure 5 As shown, the simulated reflection coefficient is: when the equivalent capacitance C of the varactor diode VAR The reflected phase ∠Γ is continuously adjustable from 0° to 360°, with an amplitude ∣Γ∣ greater than 0.84. The linearity errors of the coupled signal amplitude and phase meet perception requirements. The proposed adaptive metasurface was used to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) at various incident angles. Within a ±60° range, the estimation error was less than 1°, validating the adaptive metasurface's high accuracy in DOA estimation. These experimental results demonstrate the highly precise perception capabilities of the adaptive metasurface.

[0062] Then process the 16×16 array, such as Figure 6 The front view shows the regular arrangement of cells, while the back view illustrates the centralized bias circuitry. Each cell is independently connected to voltage control lines, allowing for cell-by-cell programming.

[0063] Then verify the array beam scanning performance, such as Figure 7 The beam pointing is generated by the phase gradient method. The simulation shows that the E-plane and H-plane beams scan within ±60°.

[0064] Furthermore, a test scenario was built to conduct beamforming tests: a turntable was equipped with a metasurface, and horn antennas served as the transmitter and receiver. The required ISAC scenarios were: Scenario 1 (free space), Scenario 2 (metal obstacle NLoS), and Scenario 3 (real-world multipath interference environment).

[0065] Then test and analyze the beamforming measurement results, such as Figure 9 As shown, when the target direction is set to θ = 20°, the beam pointing error is improved by 16dB compared to a traditional metal plate. At oblique incidence (θ = -20°), the beam pointing error is less than 2°, verifying the dynamic control capability.

[0066] The synaesthesia integrated system architecture includes the metasurface, base station (BS), and user equipment (UE). Assuming that there is no straight-line propagation path between the BS and the UE, the optimization goal can be established:

[0067]

[0068] st|Γ m,n |=A m,n ≤1

[0069] in,

[0070] Optimization objective |g'·diag(Φ′)·f' T | represents the cascaded channel gain between the BS and the UE. Since the channel is usually reciprocal, that is, when the UE acts as the transmitter and the BS acts as the receiver, the channel gain is the same as when the BS acts as the transmitter and the UE acts as the receiver.

[0071] Finally, analyze the scenario test results, such as Figure 11 and 12 As shown:

[0072] Scenario 1: The distortion-free QPSK image transmission results show that the metasurface has good transmission performance, while the metal plate causes significant distortion, proving that the metasurface can significantly improve the quality of wireless communications.

[0073] Scenario 2: Adaptive coding improves channel gain by 19dB, outperforming traditional beamforming.

[0074] Scenario 3: In a realistic multipath environment, the metasurface still provides 8dB gain.

[0075] This invention achieves real-time adaptive control of electromagnetic waves in complex environments through a unit-level integrated sensing and control design. Experiments have verified full 360° phase coverage, ±60° beam scanning, and enhanced communication capabilities in multiple scenarios, providing the hardware foundation for a 6G interawareness integrated system.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] This embodiment provides an electromagnetic control method based on the metasurface array, comprising the following steps:

[0078] 1. The incident electromagnetic wave is received by the top slot antenna of the metasurface unit. The slot antenna is composed of a metal patch on the F4BTM substrate and an H-shaped slot in the middle layer. The electromagnetic wave is coupled to the microstrip circuit in the middle layer through the H-shaped slot, which is divided into a main path and a secondary path:

[0079] Main path: A programmable phase shifter coupled to the back side of the intermediate layer. The phase shifter is based on a 3dB branch line coupler and a varactor diode. By adjusting the varactor diode's DC bias voltage (0-7V), its equivalent capacitance (0.140pF to 0.710pF) is changed, enabling continuous control of the reflection phase (0°-360°).

[0080] Secondary path: Part of the incident signal is extracted through the parallel coupled microstrip lines in the middle layer. The spatial overlap of the coupled microstrip lines and the H-shaped gap determines the mutual inductance strength, thereby transmitting the signal to the sensing link in proportion.

[0081] 2. The main path signal is controlled by a programmable phase shifter and then reflected in the target direction. The reflection amplitude of the phase shifter is no less than 0.84, ensuring that the energy loss is less than 1.45dB.

[0082] The distance between the bottom metal reflector and the middle layer is one quarter of a wavelength, which is used to enhance the reflection efficiency and suppress energy leakage.

[0083] 3. The secondary path signal is transmitted to the sensing circuit via parallel coupled microstrip lines, extracting the amplitude and phase information of each unit in real time;

[0084] The central processing unit analyzes the information and calculates the channel state information (CSI), including the incident wave angle, multipath interference distribution and obstacle location.

[0085] 4. Based on the sensing results, the central processing unit generates an adaptive coding matrix that eliminates multipath phase mismatch in the following ways:

[0086] Based on the phase difference between adjacent units, the angle of arrival (DOA) of the incident wave is calculated and the target direction is predicted;

[0087] Combined with the phase gradient formula, the reflection phase of each unit is dynamically adjusted to achieve coherent superposition of reflected waves in the target direction;

[0088] The coding matrix is sent to each unit through the FPGA controller, and the bias voltage of the varactor diode is adjusted in real time to optimize the beam pointing accuracy and main lobe gain.

[0089] The closed-loop feedback algorithm achieves low-latency dynamic control through the following steps:

[0090] 1. According to the target beam pointing angle and unit space coordinates, the phase compensation value of each unit is calculated by the following formula:

[0091]

[0092] Among them, φ m,n represents the phase of the element in the mth row and nth column, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in free space, is the pointing angle of the directional beam in space, (x m,n ,y m,n ) is the coordinate of the cell in the mth row and nth column in space, is the initial phase difference of each unit caused by the feed source;

[0093] The calculation process is executed in parallel in the FPGA to ensure that the phase refresh rate is not less than 1 kHz.

[0094] 2. In dynamic environments (such as mobile terminals or scenes blocked by obstacles), the sensing link continuously monitors environmental changes and updates channel status information;

[0095] The central processor regenerates the coding matrix based on the latest CSI and sends it to each unit through the FPGA, achieving a perception-control delay of less than 1ms;

[0096] The algorithm supports multi-beam coordinated control and generates multiple independent beams by allocating different phase gradients, thereby improving user capacity.

[0097] The core concepts, main features and advantages of the present invention have been fully explained in the foregoing. Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention has significant innovation and practicality in solving some key problems in the prior art. In order to ensure the wide applicability and technical coverage of the present invention, all reasonable modifications, improvements and innovations should be regarded as part of the present invention and included in its scope of protection without departing from the essence and technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, the specific scope of protection should be clearly defined by the attached claims and their equivalents to ensure that the legitimate rights and interests of the present invention are fully protected.

Claims

1. An intelligent adaptive metasurface unit, characterized in that: include: The top layer structure, consisting of an F4BTM substrate and metal patches, forms a slot antenna with the H-shaped slot in the middle layer, which is used to receive incident electromagnetic waves and couple them to the middle layer; The middle layer structure includes a Rogers 4003C substrate with a metal ground layer etched with an H-shaped gap on the front side and a programmable phase shifter and parallel coupled microstrip lines integrated on the back side. The programmable phase shifter is based on a 3dB branch line coupler and a varactor diode. By adjusting the DC bias voltage to change the capacitance of the varactor diode, the reflected phase can be continuously controlled from 0° to 360°, with a reflection amplitude of no less than 0.

84. The parallel coupled microstrip lines couple part of the incident signal to the sensing link for extracting amplitude and phase information unit by unit; The bottom metal reflector is a quarter wavelength away from the middle layer to improve the reflection efficiency.

2. The metasurface unit according to claim 1, wherein: The metal patch of the slot antenna and the H-shaped slot form an electromagnetic wave coupling path; The mutual inductance of the parallel coupled microstrip lines in the intermediate layer is determined by the spatial overlap of the gap and the microstrip lines.

3. The metasurface unit according to claim 1, wherein The size of the slot antenna is 40×40 mm. 2 , the operating frequency is 3.5GHz, and the unit spacing is 0.47λ×0.47λ.

4. The metasurface unit according to claim 1, wherein: The capacitance adjustment range of the varactor diode of the phase shifter is 0.140pF to 0.710pF, and the control voltage is 0-7V.

5. An intelligent adaptive metasurface array, characterized in that: An M×N independent control array composed of the units described in any one of claims 1 to 4 supports the following functions: 2D beam scanning; Angle of arrival estimation based on phase differences between adjacent cells; Real-time perception of the environmental electromagnetic field distribution and generation of channel state information, dynamic optimization of the coding matrix based on the channel state information, and closed-loop feedback control are achieved.

6. The metasurface array according to claim 5, wherein: The phase control strategy includes calculating the target beam pointing angle based on the sensed incident wave phase difference, or generating an adaptive coding matrix through a formula to eliminate multipath phase mismatch; The array phase refresh rate is no less than 1kHz, supporting real-time control in dynamic environments.

7. The metasurface array according to claim 5, wherein: The array supports multi-beam coordination; The hardware integration of the array is based on FPGA control, and the single board supports multi-channel independent regulation.

8. A synaesthesia integrated system, characterized in that: The metasurface array comprising any one of claims 5 to 7 is applied to the following scenarios: Improve communication signal gain through dynamic beamforming in complex environments; Combining angle-of-arrival estimation with beamforming to optimize beam pointing in multi-obstacle scenarios; Generate polarization compatibility optimization scheme through real-time perception of environmental electromagnetic parameters.

9. A method for electromagnetic control based on the metasurface array according to any one of claims 5 to 7, comprising the following steps: The incident signal is received by the slot antenna and coupled to the middle layer microstrip circuit through the H-shaped slot; Use a programmable phase shifter to adjust the phase of the main path signal and reflect most of the energy in the target direction; Extract the side path signal through parallel coupled microstrip lines and analyze the environmental electromagnetic parameters; The DC bias voltage of each unit phase shifter is dynamically adjusted according to the sensing results to generate an adaptive coding matrix to optimize the phase synchronization and pointing accuracy of the reflected beam.

10. The electromagnetic control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The closed-loop feedback algorithm implements beamforming through a phase compensation formula; The method achieves low-latency adaptation of perception and regulation in a dynamic environment.

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