Anvil clamping and rotating device and method for a free forging hydraulic press

Abstract

This invention relates to an anvil clamping and rotating device and method for a free forging hydraulic press, belonging to the field of free forging hydraulic presses. It includes a cylinder, a piston, and a T-head tie rod. A guide key is mounted on the T-head tie rod, with an upper helical surface machined at the top and a lower helical surface at the bottom. An upper helical gear ring and a lower helical gear ring are fixed inside the cylinder. The upper helical gear ring has four notches evenly arranged along its circumference to mate with the guide key. Each tooth of the upper and lower helical gear rings has a helical surface. When the guide key moves down to contact the lower helical gear ring, the lower helical surface of the guide key engages with the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring to achieve downward and rotational movement of the piston device. When the guide key moves up to contact the upper helical gear ring, the upper helical surface engages with the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring to achieve upward and rotational movement of the piston device. This invention requires only one hydraulic cylinder to achieve the extension, retraction, and rotation of the T-head tie rod, reducing the risk of hydraulic oil leakage and making the entire device more compact.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of free forging hydraulic presses, specifically relating to an anvil clamping and rotating device and method for a free forging hydraulic press. Background Technology

[0002] A free forging hydraulic press is a device that processes metal into shapes using the free forging method. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, bending, twisting, shifting, cutting, and forging. In actual production, different anvils often need to be changed frequently for different forging processes and forged products. The lower anvil is quickly switched using a transverse anvil changing device, while the upper anvil is quickly loaded and unloaded using an upper anvil clamping device. Sometimes, the product process also requires the equipment to be able to rotate the upper anvil by 90°.

[0003] Regardless of whether it's an upward-pressing or downward-pressing free forging hydraulic press, the anvil clamping and rotating device is located on the moving parts. Correspondingly, during operation, the hydraulic lines of the anvil clamping and rotating device must move along with the moving parts of the hydraulic press. More hydraulic lines mean a greater risk of leakage and also increase the difficulty of installation, maintenance, and repair. Currently, existing anvil clamping devices use two hydraulic cylinders: one to control the extension and retraction of the T-head tie rod, and the other to control its rotation. This results in a complex structure, a large footprint, and numerous hydraulic lines. Examples include the anvil clamping and rotating device disclosed in patent application CN201210182713.5, entitled "An Anvil Clamping, Rotating, and Quick-Change Mechanism"; and the anvil clamping device disclosed in patent application CN201410848866.8, entitled "An Anvil Clamping Device for a Forging Hydraulic Press." Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problem of complex structure of existing anvil clamping and rotating devices, and to provide an anvil clamping and rotating device for free forging hydraulic press with a simple and compact structure, as well as a method for clamping and rotating the anvil using the anvil clamping and rotating device.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press, comprising a cylinder, a piston, and a T-head pull rod. The cylinder includes a cylinder barrel, an upper end cover, and a lower end cover. The piston is axially movably disposed within the cylinder barrel, and the piston, the upper end cover, and the cylinder barrel together form a hydraulic chamber. The upper end of the T-head pull rod is fixedly connected to the piston, and the lower T-head extends below the lower end cover. A disc spring assembly is provided outside the section of the T-head pull rod located between the piston and the lower end cover.

[0006] The section of the T-shaped head tie rod corresponding to the bottom of the cylinder is a rotary mounting section. A guide key is installed on the rotary mounting section. The top of the guide key is machined with an upper helical surface, and the bottom is machined with a lower helical surface.

[0007] An upper helical gear ring and a lower helical gear ring are fixed inside the cylinder. The upper helical gear ring has four notches evenly arranged along its circumference, and each notch passes through the upper helical gear ring axially. The two sides of each notch are teeth of the upper helical gear ring. Each tooth of the upper and lower helical gear rings is machined with a helical surface, and the helical direction of the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring is opposite to that of the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring. The upper and lower helical gear rings are staggered. The notches of the upper helical gear ring are adapted to guide keys.

[0008] When the guide key moves down to contact the lower helical gear ring, the guide key disengages from the upper helical gear ring, and the lower helical surface of the guide key engages with the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring to achieve the downward movement and rotation of the piston device; when the guide key moves up to contact the upper helical gear ring, the guide key disengages from the lower helical gear ring, and the upper helical surface engages with the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring to achieve the upward movement and rotation of the piston device.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner wall of the cylinder is evenly distributed with four guide grooves that are adapted to the guide key along its circumferential direction; the guide grooves are located vertically above the upper helical gear ring and aligned with the notch of the upper helical gear ring; the guide key and the guide grooves cooperate to guide the linear movement of the piston device.

[0010] Furthermore, the teeth on the lower helical gear ring are evenly distributed along its circumferential direction; all teeth on the upper helical gear ring are identical and evenly distributed; the teeth on the lower helical gear ring are the same size as the teeth on the upper helical gear ring.

[0011] Furthermore, the angle θ occupied by the helical surface of each tooth of the upper and lower helical gear rings in their circumferential direction is θ, and the helical surfaces of the upper and lower helical gear rings are offset by an angle θ / 2 in the circumferential direction.

[0012] Furthermore, a rolling bearing is provided between the disc spring assembly and the piston.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper end of the T-shaped pull rod extends from the center hole of the upper end cover.

[0014] Furthermore, the lower end cap has a split structure.

[0015] Furthermore, an upper anvil is bolted to an upper anvil connecting pin, which is machined with a rectangular hole and a rectangular groove for the T-head pull rod to pass through; the top of the rectangular hole extends through the top surface of the upper anvil connecting pin; the bottom of the rectangular groove is coplanar with the bottom of the rectangular hole; the rectangular groove and the rectangular hole are arranged at a 90° angle; the upper anvil connecting pin is provided with a through hole extending from the bottom to the rectangular groove; the rectangular groove is adapted to the T-head of the T-head pull rod to transmit the tension and rotational torque from the T-head pull rod.

[0016] The clamping and rotating method using the upper anvil clamping and rotating device of a free forging hydraulic press includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Hydraulic chamber is pressurized by filling with hydraulic fluid. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston moves downward along the guide groove, and the T-head pull rod extends vertically downward.

[0018] Step 2: The piston device continues to move downwards until the guide key disengages from the guide groove, passes through the notch of the upper helical gear ring, and contacts the lower helical gear ring. At this point, the lower helical surface of the guide key and the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring are engaged. The hydraulic pressure continues to push the piston device, which moves downwards and rotates along the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring until the piston device reaches the lower limit.

[0019] Step 3: Reduce the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber. Relying on the elastic force of the disc spring assembly, push the piston device upward until the guide key leaves the lower helical gear ring and contacts the upper helical gear ring. At this time, the upper helical surface of the guide key and the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring form a fit. When the elastic force continues to push the piston device, the piston device will move upward and rotate in the same direction along the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring until the piston device reaches the upper limit position.

[0020] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the guide key reaches the next guide groove in the cylinder, and the piston device completes a 90° rotation.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are: by using an upper helical gear ring and a lower helical gear ring set in the hydraulic cylinder and cooperating with the guide key fixed on the T-head tie rod to control the T-head tie rod, only one hydraulic cylinder is needed to control the reciprocating motion of the piston to realize the extension, retraction and rotation of the T-head tie rod, reducing the number of hydraulic cylinders, thereby reducing the number of hydraulic pipes, reducing the risk of hydraulic oil leakage, and greatly reducing the vertical projection area of ​​the entire device, making the structure more compact.

[0022] The upper and lower helical gear rings and guide keys that control rotation are located inside the cylinder, further improving the structural compactness.

[0023] Compared with the traditional structure, only an upper and lower helical gear ring are added to the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder that performs linear extension and retraction, and a guide key is installed on the T-head tie rod to achieve the rotation purpose. The modification to the hydraulic cylinder and piston device is small, and subsequent maintenance and repair are convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press disclosed in this invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of AA.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper helical gear ring structure;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lower helical gear ring structure;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anvil connecting pin;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the initial state of the upper anvil clamping and rotating device during operation.

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the downward movement and rotation of the upper anvil clamping and rotating device during operation;

[0031] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the upward movement and rotation of the upper anvil clamping and rotating device during operation;

[0032] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the guide key rotating 90° to the next guide groove.

[0033] In the figure, the components are: 1. Upper end cover; 2. Cylinder; 201. Guide groove; 3. Groove nut; 4. Movable crossbeam; 5. Piston; 6. Rolling bearing; 7. Upper washer; 8. T-head tie rod; 9. Disc spring assembly; 10. Lower washer; 11. Support cylinder; 12. Guide key; 13. Upper helical gear ring; 14. Lower helical gear ring; 15. Lower end cover; 16. Upper anvil connecting pin; 161. Rectangular hole; 162. Rectangular groove; 17. Upper anvil. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0035] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention and the technical features therein can be combined with each other without conflict. In this specification, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," "upper," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "left," and "right," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 The orientation or positional relationship shown is for the purpose of describing the invention only, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0036] The present invention discloses an anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a hydraulic cylinder, a piston 5, and a T-shaped head pull rod 8. The hydraulic cylinder includes a cylinder barrel 2, an upper end cover 1, and a lower end cover 15. The upper end cover 1 is screwed to the top of the cylinder barrel 2, and the lower end cover 15 is screwed to the bottom of the cylinder barrel 2. The cylinder barrel 2 is screwed to a movable crossbeam 4. The piston 5 is axially movable within the cylinder barrel 2. The piston 5, the upper end cover 1, and the cylinder barrel 2 together form a hydraulic chamber, into which hydraulic oil is injected to provide downward pressure for the piston 5. The upper end of the T-shaped head pull rod 8 is fixedly connected to the piston 5, specifically as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the upper end of the T-head pull rod 8 passes through the piston 5. The bottom surface of the piston 5 presses against the shoulder of the T-head pull rod 8. The top surface of the piston 5 is locked to the T-head pull rod 8 by a slotted nut 3 engaging with the threaded section of the T-head pull rod 8 located above the piston 5, making the piston 5 and the T-head pull rod 8 a unified moving unit. The lower end of the T-head pull rod 8 is a T-head, used to connect with the upper anvil 17. The piston 5 moves downward by hydraulic oil and moves upward by disc spring assembly 9, which is fitted onto the section of the T-head pull rod 8 located between the piston 5 and the lower end cover 15.

[0037] The structure for rotating the T-head pull rod 8 in the upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press disclosed in this invention differs from the structure for rotating the T-head pull rod 8 in conventional upper anvil clamping and rotating devices. In this invention, as... Figure 1 As shown, the T-head pull rod 8 corresponds to a section at the bottom of the cylinder 2 that is a rotary mounting section. A keyway is provided on this rotary mounting section, and a guide key 12 is installed within the keyway. The top of the guide key 12 is machined with an upper helical surface, and the bottom is machined with a lower helical surface. The upper and lower helical surfaces rotate in opposite directions; that is, the upper helical surface rotates clockwise, and the lower helical surface rotates counterclockwise; conversely, the upper helical surface rotates counterclockwise, and the lower helical surface rotates clockwise. The piston 5, the T-head pull rod 8, and the guide key 12 constitute a piston device that moves in unison.

[0038] An upper helical gear ring 13 and a lower helical gear ring 14 are fixed inside the cylinder 2. While the purpose can be achieved by installing the upper and lower helical gear rings 13 and 14 at positions such as the middle of the cylinder 2, in this embodiment, to facilitate their installation, the upper helical gear ring 13 is secured to the cylinder 2 with screws, and the lower helical gear ring 14 is secured to the lower end cover 15 with screws. The upper helical gear ring 13 has four notches evenly distributed along its circumference, each notch penetrating the upper helical gear ring 13 axially. The notches of the upper helical gear ring 13 are adapted to the guide key 12, meaning the notches must precisely accommodate the guide key 12, and each notch has teeth on both sides, ensuring that the number of teeth between adjacent notches is an integer. The upper helical gear ring 13 can also be a single ring structure, for example, with a connecting ring on its outer circumference connecting to the cylinder 2, and the diameter of the connecting ring accommodating the T-shaped head pull rod 8. This structure is relatively complex. Figure 3 A helical gear ring 13 is disclosed, wherein the helical gear ring 13 is divided into four segments on a circumferential square, with gaps between adjacent segments as notches. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, each tooth of the upper helical gear ring 13 and the lower helical gear ring 14 is machined with a helical surface, and the helical direction of the upper helical gear ring 13 is opposite to that of the lower helical gear ring 14; the upper helical gear ring 13 and the lower helical gear ring 14 are staggered.

[0039] The upper helical surface of the guide key 12 is adapted to the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring 13, meaning their helix direction, lead angle, and radius are the same. The lower helical surface of the guide key 12 is adapted to the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring 14, meaning their helix direction, lead angle, and radius are the same. This ensures surface contact, a large contact area, and good force distribution on the teeth. When the guide key 12 moves downward to contact the lower helical gear ring 14, the guide key 12 disengages from the upper helical gear ring 13, and the lower helical surface of the guide key 12 and the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring 14 engage in a movable fit, enabling the piston device to move downward and rotate. When the guide key 12 moves upward to contact the upper helical gear ring 13, the guide key 12 disengages from the lower helical gear ring 14, and the upper helical surface and the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring 13 engage in a movable fit, enabling the piston device to move upward and rotate. The rotation direction of the guide key 12 under the guidance of the upper helical gear ring 13 is the same as its rotation direction under the guidance of the upper helical gear ring 13.

[0040] To limit the piston assembly before the guide key 12 enters the area where the upper helical gear ring 13 and the lower helical gear ring 14 are located, preventing it from rotating and allowing it to smoothly pass through the notch of the upper helical gear ring 13, as follows: Figure 2As shown, four guide grooves 201 that are adapted to the guide key 12 are evenly distributed along the inner wall of the cylinder 2 in the circumferential direction; the guide grooves 201 are located vertically above the upper helical gear ring 13 and aligned with the notch of the upper helical gear ring 13; the guide key 12 and the guide grooves 201 cooperate to guide the linear movement of the piston device.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, the teeth on the lower helical gear ring 14 are evenly distributed circumferentially; the teeth on the upper helical gear ring 13 are all the same size and are evenly distributed; the teeth on the lower helical gear ring 14 are the same size as the teeth on the upper helical gear ring 13. It should be noted that the even distribution of teeth on the upper helical gear ring 13 means that the notch in the upper helical gear ring 13 occupies the position of one tooth; after the notch is replaced by a tooth, the teeth on the upper helical gear ring 13 are evenly distributed circumferentially. This arrangement facilitates processing and helps ensure that the stress conditions of the upper helical gear ring 13 and the lower helical gear ring 14 tend to be consistent.

[0042] In this invention, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the disclosed embodiment, the lower helical gear 14 has 16 teeth, the upper helical gear 13 has 12 teeth, and the number of teeth between two adjacent notches is 3. Of course, other numbers of teeth can be chosen, but the number of teeth between two guide grooves that rotate 90° must be an integer to ensure that the guide key 12 can smoothly enter the guide groove after passing the last tooth of each segment of the upper helical gear 13.

[0043] To ensure that the upper helical gear 13 and the lower helical gear 14 experience the same force, the angle θ occupied by the helical surface of each tooth of the upper helical gear 13 and the lower helical gear 14 in its circumferential direction is offset by an angle of θ / 2. With this configuration, after the guide key 12 completes its movement by engaging with the helical surface of the upper helical gear 13, it is exactly offset by θ / 2 from the helical surface of the lower helical gear 14. Similarly, after completing its movement by engaging with the helical surface of the lower helical gear 14, it is also exactly offset by θ / 2 from the upper helical gear 13. The contact surfaces at initial contact are identical, and the force tends to be the same. If the angle were offset by other angles, one gear would have a relatively smaller contact surface at initial contact with the guide key 12, resulting in a worse force condition compared to the other gear.

[0044] A rolling bearing 6 is provided between the disc spring assembly 9 and the piston 5. The rolling bearing 6 reduces the frictional resistance during piston rotation. The rolling bearing 6 primarily bears axial forces such as hydraulic thrust and disc spring force. It can be an angular contact ball bearing, deep groove ball bearing, self-aligning roller bearing, or tapered roller bearing, etc. Specific installation details are as follows... Figure 1As shown, an upper washer 7 is installed at the top of the disc spring assembly 9, and a lower washer 10 is installed at the bottom. A support cylinder 11 for height compensation is fitted onto the segment of the T-head pull rod 8 located between the piston 5 and the rotating mounting section. The bottom end of the support cylinder 11 presses against the shoulder of the T-head pull rod 8. The lower washer 10 of the disc spring assembly 9 presses against the top of the support cylinder 11. A rolling bearing 6 is fitted onto the T-head pull rod 8 and located between the upper washer 7 and the piston 5.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the upper end of the T-shaped head pull rod 8 extends from the center hole of the upper end cover 1. After the upper end of the T-shaped head pull rod 8 extends, it is convenient to install a corresponding sensor on the top of the T-shaped head pull rod 8 to measure the displacement and rotation angle of the piston device.

[0046] For ease of installation, the lower end cover 15 is a split structure, that is, the lower end cover 15 is divided into two halves along its center, and the two halves are assembled into a whole by bolts or the like.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, an anvil 17 is bolted to an anvil connecting pin 16. When the anvil connecting pin 16 is clamped by the T-head pull rod 8, the anvil 17 will also be clamped. The anvil connecting pin 16 is machined with a rectangular hole 161 and a rectangular groove 162 for the T-head pull rod 8 to pass through. The top of the rectangular hole 161 extends through the top surface of the anvil connecting pin 16. The bottom of the rectangular groove 162 is coplanar with the bottom of the rectangular hole 161. The rectangular groove 162 and the rectangular hole 161 are arranged at a 90° angle. The anvil connecting pin 16 is provided with a through hole extending from the bottom to the rectangular groove 162. The rectangular groove 162 is adapted to the T-head of the T-head pull rod 8 to transmit the pulling force and rotational torque from the T-head pull rod 8.

[0048] The clamping and rotating method using the upper anvil clamping and rotating device of a free forging hydraulic press comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Hydraulic fluid is introduced into the hydraulic chamber and pressurized. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston device moves downward along the guide groove 201, and the T-head pull rod 8 extends vertically downward. The initial state is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the guide key 12 is inserted into the guide groove 201.

[0050] Step 2: The piston assembly continues to move downwards until the guide key 12 disengages from the guide groove 201, passes through the notch of the upper helical gear ring 13, and contacts the lower helical gear ring 14. At this point, as... Figure 7 As shown, the lower helical surface of the guide key 12 and the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring 14 are engaged; the hydraulic pressure continues to push the piston device, and the piston device moves downward and rotates along the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring 14 until the piston device reaches the lower limit.

[0051] Step 3: Reduce the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber, and rely on the elastic force of the disc spring assembly 9 to push the piston device upward until the guide key 12 leaves the lower helical gear ring 14 and contacts the upper helical gear ring 13. At this time, if... Figure 8 As shown, the upper helical surface of the guide key 12 and the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring 13 are engaged. When the elastic force continues to push the piston device, the piston device will move upward and rotate in the same direction along the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring 13 until the piston device reaches the upper limit position.

[0052] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the guide key 12 reaches the next guide groove 201 of the cylinder 2, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the piston assembly completes a 90° rotation.

[0053] If the upper anvil 17 is in the disengaged / clamped state and placed on the lower anvil, with the lower anvil bearing the weight of the upper anvil 17, and no force is generated between the T-head pull rod 8 and the upper anvil connecting pin 16 during extension, retraction, and rotation, then the action performed is the clamping / releasing of the upper anvil. In step one, the T-head of the T-head pull rod 8 extends from the rectangular hole 161 of the upper anvil connecting pin 16 into the through hole of the upper anvil connecting pin 16. During the reciprocating motion between the lower helical gear ring 14 and the upper helical gear ring 13, the T-head of the T-head pull rod 8 remains within the through hole of the upper anvil connecting pin 16 until the piston device completes a 90° rotation in step four. Then, the T-head of the T-head pull rod 8 enters the rectangular groove 162 of the upper anvil connecting pin 16, completely releasing the hydraulic oil pressure. Under the force of the disc spring assembly 9, the T-head pull rod 8 moves linearly upward to clamp the upper anvil connecting pin 16.

[0054] If the upper anvil 17 is in a clamped state and its weight is always borne by the T-head pull rod 8, the upper anvil 17 will move along with the T-head pull rod 8 during extension, retraction and rotation, and the upper anvil rotation action is performed.

[0055] The device of this invention uses a helical fit. In practice, the helical fit may self-lock. Therefore, the following analysis and calculation are required for this device: Let the lead angle of the helical surface be α, the friction coefficient be μ, and the average radius of the helical surface be R. When the guide key (12) is fitted with the lower helical gear ring (14), the entire piston device is subjected to gravity G, hydraulic thrust F1, disc spring force F2, frictional torque M at the rolling bearing, support force FN of the helical surface, and friction μFN of the helical surface, where FN=(G+F1-F2)cosα. The frictional resistance of the helical surface and the support force of the helical surface can be decomposed into components in the horizontal and vertical directions. The force analysis of the piston device shows that the force in the vertical direction satisfies G+F1>F2+FNcosα+μFNsinα, and the torque in the horizontal direction satisfies RFNsinα>RμFNcosα+M. Tanα>μ can be obtained respectively. When the guide key (12) is engaged with the upper helical gear ring (13), tanα > μ can also be obtained; That is, when tanα > μ; When the guide key (12) and the lower helical gear ring (14) are engaged without self-locking, and the hydraulic pressure can overcome the resistance to make the piston move; when tanα > μ; At this time, the guide key (12) and the upper helical gear ring (13) are engaged without self-locking, and the hydraulic pressure can overcome the resistance to make the piston device move.

[0056] The present invention discloses an upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press. It employs an upper helical gear ring 13 and a lower helical gear ring 14 set in a hydraulic cylinder, which cooperate with a guide key 12 fixed on a T-head tie rod 8 to control the T-head tie rod. This allows the extension, retraction and rotation of the T-head tie rod to be achieved by controlling the reciprocating motion of the piston with only one hydraulic cylinder. This reduces the number of hydraulic cylinders, thereby reducing the number of hydraulic pipelines and lowering the risk of hydraulic oil leakage. As a result, the projected area of ​​the entire device in the vertical direction is greatly reduced, and the structure becomes more compact.

[0057] The upper helical gear ring 13, the lower helical gear ring 14, and the guide key 12, which control the rotation, are all located in the cylinder 2, which does not occupy external space, further improving the space utilization rate and making the overall structure more compact.

[0058] Compared with the traditional structure, only an upper helical gear ring 13 and a lower helical gear ring 14 are added to the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder that performs linear extension and retraction, and a guide key 12 is installed on the T-head tie rod 8 to achieve the rotation purpose. The modification to the hydraulic cylinder and piston device is small, and subsequent maintenance and repair are convenient.

[0059] Although the present invention has been described herein with reference to embodiments, the above embodiments are merely general implementations of the present invention, and the implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It should be understood that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press, comprising a cylinder, a piston (5), and a T-head pull rod (8), wherein the cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel (2), an upper end cover (1), and a lower end cover (15); the piston (5) is axially movably disposed within the cylinder barrel (2), and the piston (5), the upper end cover (1), and the cylinder barrel (2) surround to form a hydraulic chamber; the upper end of the T-head pull rod (8) is fixedly connected to the piston (5), and the lower end of the T-head extends below the lower end cover (15); a disc spring assembly (9) is provided outside the section of the T-head pull rod (8) located between the piston (5) and the lower end cover (15); characterized in that: The T-shaped head tie rod (8) is a rotating installation section at the bottom of the cylinder (2). A guide key (12) is installed on the rotating installation section. The top of the guide key (12) is machined with an upper helical surface, and the bottom is machined with a lower helical surface. The cylinder (2) is fixed with an upper helical gear ring (13) and a lower helical gear ring (14); the upper helical gear ring (13) has four notches evenly arranged along its circumference, each notch penetrating the upper helical gear ring (13) along the axial direction, and the two sides of each notch are the teeth of the upper helical gear ring (13); each tooth of the upper helical gear ring (13) and the lower helical gear ring (14) is machined with a helical surface, and the direction of rotation of the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring (13) is opposite to the direction of rotation of the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring (14); the upper helical gear ring (13) and the lower helical gear ring (14) are staggered; the notch of the upper helical gear ring (13) is adapted to the guide key (12); When the guide key (12) moves down to contact the lower helical gear ring (14), the guide key (12) disengages from the upper helical gear ring (13), and the lower helical surface of the guide key (12) and the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring (14) move in conjunction to realize the piston device moving down and rotating; when the guide key (12) moves up to contact the upper helical gear ring (13), the guide key (12) disengages from the lower helical gear ring (14), and the upper helical surface and the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring (13) move in conjunction to realize the piston device moving up and rotating.

2. The anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the cylinder (2) is evenly distributed with four guide grooves (201) that are adapted to the guide key (12) along its circumference; the guide grooves (201) are located vertically above the upper helical gear ring (13) and aligned with the notch of the upper helical gear ring (13); the guide key (12) and the guide grooves (201) cooperate to guide the linear movement of the piston device.

3. The upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The teeth on the lower helical gear ring (14) are evenly distributed along its circumference; the teeth on the upper helical gear ring (13) are the same and evenly distributed; the teeth on the lower helical gear ring (14) are the same size as the teeth on the upper helical gear ring (13).

4. The anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The angle θ occupied by the helical surface of each tooth of the upper helical gear ring (13) and the lower helical gear ring (14) in its circumferential direction is θ, and the helical surfaces of the upper helical gear ring (13) and the lower helical gear ring (14) are offset by an angle θ / 2 in the circumferential direction.

5. The upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A rolling bearing (6) is provided between the disc spring assembly (9) and the piston (5).

6. The upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the T-shaped head pull rod (8) extends from the center hole of the upper end cover (1).

7. The upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The lower end cap (15) has a split structure.

8. The upper anvil clamping and rotating device for a free forging hydraulic press as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The upper anvil (17) is connected to the upper anvil connecting pin (16) by bolts. The upper anvil connecting pin (16) is machined with a rectangular hole (161) and a rectangular groove (162) for the T-head pull rod (8) to pass through. The top of the rectangular hole (161) penetrates the top surface of the upper anvil connecting pin (16). The bottom end of the rectangular groove (162) is coplanar with the bottom end of the rectangular hole (161). The rectangular groove (162) and the rectangular hole (161) are arranged at a 90° angle. The upper anvil connecting pin (16) is provided with a through hole that extends from the bottom to the rectangular groove (162). The rectangular groove (162) is adapted to the T-head of the T-head pull rod (8) to transmit the tension and rotational torque from the T-head pull rod (8).

9. A clamping and rotating method using the upper anvil clamping and rotating device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Hydraulic chamber is pressurized by filling with hydraulic fluid. Under the action of hydraulic pressure, the piston device moves downward along the guide groove (201), and the T-head pull rod (8) extends vertically downward. Step 2: The piston device continues to move downward until the guide key (12) disengages from the guide groove (201), passes through the notch of the upper helical gear ring (13), and contacts the lower helical gear ring (14). At this time, the lower helical surface of the guide key (12) and the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring (14) form a fit. The hydraulic pressure continues to push the piston device, and the piston device moves downward and rotates along the helical surface of the lower helical gear ring (14) until the piston device reaches the lower limit. Step 3: Reduce the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber and push the piston device upward by the elastic force of the disc spring assembly (9) until the guide key (12) leaves the lower helical gear ring (14) and contacts the upper helical gear ring (13). At this time, the upper helical surface of the guide key (12) and the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring (13) form a fit. When the elastic force continues to push the piston device, the piston device will move upward and rotate in the same direction along the helical surface of the upper helical gear ring (13) until the piston device reaches the upper limit position. Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the guide key (12) reaches the next guide groove (201) of the cylinder (2), and the piston device completes a 90° rotation.

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