Ventilation method and system capable of automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm and respirator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a ventilation method and system capable of automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm and a respirator. The method comprises the steps that 1, the number of mechanical ventilation cycles is counted in a preset time window, the coupling relation between the mechanical ventilation cycles and the neural respiration cycles is recognized, and the towing ratio is calculated according to the number of the mechanical ventilation cycles and the number of the neural respiration cycles; 2, the towing ratio is compared with a preset threshold value, and based on the comparison result, the ventilation frequency and the inspiration time of the breathing machine are automatically adjusted so as to reduce the towing ratio; and continuously monitoring the change of the towing ratio, and adjusting the ventilation frequency and the inspiration time according to a monitoring result until the towing ratio is reduced to be below a threshold value or giving out a manual intervention prompt. The adaptive capacity of the breathing machine to the autonomous breathing rhythm of the user is improved, the breathing towing phenomenon is effectively prevented, the ventilation condition is improved, the use experience of the user is improved, and the breathing machine has important clinical application value and popularization prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a ventilation method, system and ventilator for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm. Background Art

[0002] Spontaneous / Timed (S / T) mode is a widely used ventilation method in ventilators, particularly in noninvasive ventilation devices. In this mode, the ventilator system monitors the user's inspiratory effort to determine their spontaneous breathing intention. Upon detecting inspiratory effort, the system promptly triggers a pressure support ventilation (PSV) to increase the airway pressure to the target pressure level according to the set pressure rise time. If no inspiratory effort is detected within the preset maximum respiratory cycle time, the system triggers a controlled ventilation to maintain the basic ventilation rate.

[0003] While this ventilation strategy can, to a certain extent, balance the needs of spontaneous and forced ventilation, it still presents some challenges in clinical application. Specifically, because users may frequently trigger ventilation spontaneously, the total inflation frequency can easily exceed the set frequency. This frequency increase is often irregular and can cause a phenomenon known as "respiratory entrainment."

[0004] Respiratory entrainment, also known as respiratory phase lock, is a phenomenon in which the mechanical ventilation cycle forms a temporary, repetitive coupling relationship with the user's neural drive cycle. Specifically, during each controlled ventilation cycle, the ventilator induces new neural drive signals from the user's respiratory center, forming a proportional neural-mechanical coupling. This relationship is often described by the "entrainment ratio," which is the ratio between the mechanical ventilation cycle and the neural cycle. For example, 1:1 means one mechanical ventilation cycle corresponds to one neural breath, and 1:2 means one neural breath for every two mechanical ventilation cycles. A 1:1 entrainment is the most common and stable, typically lasting for a long time. Entrainment relationships with a 1:2 ratio or higher tend to be shorter-lived and easily interrupted by non-entrained breaths every 10-12 respiratory cycles.

[0005] While respiratory entrainment may enhance ventilatory synchronization in some cases, it often causes neuro-mechanical mismatch, which in turn affects gas exchange efficiency, increases respiratory burden, and even induces ventilation-related discomfort. Existing technologies lack effective means to identify and automatically adjust ventilator parameters in real time to address respiratory entrainment.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a control method and system that can dynamically identify the entrainment state and automatically optimize the ventilation parameters, thereby improving the individual adaptability and stability of ventilation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and thus provide a ventilation method, system and ventilator that automatically adjust the respiratory rhythm.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention provides a ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm, comprising:

[0009] Step 1: Count the number of mechanical ventilation cycles within a preset time window, identify the coupling relationship between mechanical ventilation cycles and neural respiratory cycles, and calculate the entrainment ratio based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and neural respiratory cycles;

[0010] Step 2: Compare the entrainment ratio with a preset threshold. Based on the comparison result, automatically adjust the ventilator's ventilation rate and inspiratory time to reduce the entrainment ratio. Continuously monitor the changes in the entrainment ratio and adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time according to the monitoring results until the entrainment ratio drops below the threshold or a manual intervention prompt is issued.

[0011] As an improvement to the above method, the preset time window in step 1 has a value range of 1 minute to 30 minutes.

[0012] As an improvement to the above method, the process of calculating the entrainment ratio in step 1 specifically includes:

[0013] Identify whether respiratory entrainment occurs. If respiratory entrainment occurs, the mechanical ventilation cycle corresponds to a neural cycle, indicating a coupling relationship with the user's neural respiratory cycle. Count the number of neural cycles. Calculate the entrainment ratio Re based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and neural cycles obtained:

[0014] Re = number of neural cycles / number of mechanical ventilation cycles.

[0015] As an improvement to the above method, the identification of whether respiratory entrainment occurs is achieved based on the airway pressure waveform and flow waveform.

[0016] As an improvement to the above method, the identification of whether respiratory entrainment occurs is achieved based on detecting an esophageal pressure signal or a diaphragm electrical activity signal.

[0017] As an improvement to the above method, step 2 specifically includes:

[0018] Step 2-1: When the entrainment ratio Re is greater than the first threshold value T1, the current entrainment ratio Re is recorded as the first reference value Re_pre_a, and the ventilation frequency F is reduced by the first step s1 to break the coupling state;

[0019] Step 2-2: After the frequency observation time window f, continuously monitor the change in the entrainment ratio Re; if the entrainment ratio Re decreases compared to the first reference value Re_pre_a but is still above the first threshold T1, repeat step 2-1 and this step to continue reducing the ventilation frequency F; otherwise, proceed to step 2-3;

[0020] Step 2-3: After the ventilation frequency F is adjusted and the current frequency observation time window f ends, the change in the entrainment ratio Re is continuously monitored. If the current entrainment ratio Re is higher than the second threshold value T2, the current entrainment ratio Re is recorded as the second reference value Re_pre_b, and the inspiratory time Ti is automatically extended by a second step amount s2 to improve the matching of the mechanical ventilation response to the neural drive rhythm;

[0021] Step 2-4: Continue to monitor the change of the entrainment ratio Re after the breathing time observation window t; if the entrainment ratio Re decreases compared to the second reference value Re_pre_b but is still greater than the second threshold value T2, repeat steps 2-3 and this step; otherwise, execute step 2-5;

[0022] Step 2-5: After the inspiratory time Ti is adjusted and the current breathing time observation window t ends, the change of the entrainment ratio Re is continuously monitored. If the current entrainment ratio Re is higher than the third threshold T3, a prompt message is issued to prompt the user to perform manual intervention; otherwise, the adjustment process is terminated.

[0023] As an improvement to the above method, the first threshold value T1 is in the range of 0.001 to 0.5; the first step amount s1 is in the range of 1 to 3 bpm; the lower limit of the ventilation frequency F is the minimum safety limit Fmin, and the minimum safety limit Fmin is in the range of 2 to 10 bpm; the frequency observation time window f is in the range of 5 to 30 minutes;

[0024] The second threshold value T2 has a value range of 0.0001 to 0.1 and is less than the first threshold value T1; the second step size s2 has a value range of 0.05 to 0.2 seconds; the maximum adjustment upper limit of the inspiratory time Ti is the maximum safety limit Tmax, and the maximum safety limit Tmax has a value range of 1 to 10 seconds; the respiratory time observation window t has a value range of 5 minutes to 30 minutes;

[0025] The third threshold T3 has a value range of 0.0001 to 0.05 and is smaller than the second threshold T2.

[0026] To achieve another object of the present invention, a ventilation system for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm, which performs the above-mentioned ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm, comprises:

[0027] an entrainment ratio module, for counting the number of mechanical ventilation cycles within a preset time window, for identifying the coupling relationship between the mechanical ventilation cycles and the neural respiratory cycles, and for calculating the entrainment ratio based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and the number of neural respiratory cycles; and

[0028] The regulation module is used to compare the entrainment ratio with a preset threshold and, based on the comparison result, automatically adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time of the ventilator to reduce the entrainment ratio; it is used to continuously monitor the changes in the entrainment ratio and adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time according to the monitoring results until the entrainment ratio drops below the threshold or a manual intervention prompt is issued.

[0029] To achieve another object of the present invention, the present invention also provides a ventilator that performs the above-mentioned ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm.

[0030] Compared with the existing technology, the advantages of the present invention are that the ventilation method, system and ventilator for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm of the present invention can accurately reflect the interaction between mechanical ventilation and spontaneous breathing, avoid the respiratory entrainment problem caused by the fixed frequency in the traditional timed ventilation method, and improve ventilation synchronization; by calculating the entrainment ratio and dynamically comparing it with the threshold, the system can automatically and continuously adjust the ventilation parameters to achieve personalized and intelligent respiratory rhythm adjustment, reduce the intervention frequency of medical staff, and reduce human adjustment errors; continuous monitoring and feedback during the adjustment process to ensure the effectiveness of the adjustment measures, ensure ventilation safety and stability, and promptly issue manual intervention prompts when the parameter adjustment is invalid to ensure the safety of the user. The present invention not only improves the adaptability of the ventilator to the user's spontaneous breathing rhythm, but also effectively prevents the respiratory entrainment phenomenon, improves the ventilation situation, and enhances the user experience. It has important clinical application value and promotion prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution provided by the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to embodiments.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment provides a ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0035] Step S1: Counting mechanical ventilation cycles

[0036] Count the number of mechanical ventilation cycles within a set time window, which can be from 1 minute to 30 minutes, to obtain ventilation behavior pattern data within that time window.

[0037] Step S2: Identifying the breath entrainment phenomenon

[0038] Based on the airway pressure and flow waveforms, respiratory entrainment is identified. If respiratory entrainment occurs, the mechanical ventilation cycle can correspond to a neural cycle, indicating a coupling relationship with the user's neural respiratory cycle. In other embodiments, respiratory entrainment can also be identified by detecting the esophageal pressure (Pes) signal or the diaphragm electrical activity (EAdi) signal.

[0039] Step S3: Calculate the entrainment ratio Re according to the mechanical cycle and the neural cycle.

[0040] Based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and neural cycles obtained in steps S1 and S2, respectively, the entrainment ratio Re is calculated: Re = number of neural cycles / number of mechanical ventilation cycles. This ratio reflects the fixed coupling relationship between neural cycles and mechanical cycles and is used to determine the presence and degree of respiratory entrainment.

[0041] Step S4: Adjust the ventilation frequency F based on the first threshold T1

[0042] A first threshold value T1 is set, with the value range of the first threshold value T1 being 0.001 to 0.5. When the entrainment ratio Re exceeds the first threshold value T1, the current entrainment ratio Re is recorded as the first reference value Re_pre_a, and the ventilator's ventilation rate F is automatically reduced by the first step increment s1 to break the coupling state. The value range of the first step increment s1 is 1 to 3 bpm.

[0043] Step S5: Monitor the change of the entrainment ratio Re after the frequency observation time window f

[0044] Set an observation window f for the ventilator's ventilation rate F, with a range of 5 to 30 minutes. After the frequency observation window f, continuously monitor changes in the entrainment ratio Re. If the entrainment ratio Re decreases compared to the first reference value Re_pre_a but remains above the first threshold T1, repeat steps S4 and this step to further reduce the ventilation rate F. Otherwise, proceed to step S6. The adjusted ventilation rate F must not fall below the minimum safety limit Fmin, which ranges from 2 to 10 bpm.

[0045] Step S6: Adjust the inhalation time Ti based on the second threshold value T2

[0046] After the ventilation frequency F is adjusted and the current frequency observation time window f ends, the entrainment ratio Re is continuously monitored. If the current entrainment ratio Re is higher than the second threshold value T2, the current entrainment ratio Re is recorded as the second reference value Re_pre_b, and the user's spontaneous inspiratory time Ti is automatically extended by a second step amount s2 to improve the matching of mechanical ventilation response to the neural drive rhythm. The second threshold value T2 ranges from 0.0001 to 0.1 and is less than the first threshold value T1. The second step amount s2 ranges from 0.05 to 0.2 seconds.

[0047] Step S7: Monitor the change of the entrainment ratio Re after the breathing time observation window t

[0048] Continue monitoring changes in the entrainment ratio Re after the respiratory time observation window t. If the entrainment ratio Re decreases compared to the second reference value Re_pre_b but remains greater than the second threshold value T2, repeat steps S6 and this step. Otherwise, proceed to step S8. The user's spontaneous inspiratory time Ti must not be adjusted beyond the maximum safety limit Tmax. The value range of Tmax is 1 to 10 seconds, and the value range of the respiratory time observation window t is 5 to 30 minutes.

[0049] Step S8: Determine whether manual intervention is required

[0050] After the user's spontaneous inhalation time Ti is adjusted and the current respiratory time observation window t ends, the entrainment ratio Re is continuously monitored. If the current entrainment ratio Re exceeds a third threshold value T3, it is determined that respiratory entrainment cannot be effectively resolved through parameter adjustment. A prompt message is automatically issued, suggesting that the user perform manual intervention. Otherwise, adjustment is terminated. The third threshold value T3 ranges from 0.0001 to 0.05 and is less than the second threshold value T2.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment provides a ventilation system for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm, comprising:

[0053] an entrainment ratio module, for counting the number of mechanical ventilation cycles within a preset time window, for identifying the coupling relationship between the mechanical ventilation cycles and the neural respiratory cycles, and for calculating the entrainment ratio based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and the number of neural respiratory cycles; and

[0054] The regulation module is used to compare the entrainment ratio with a preset threshold and, based on the comparison result, automatically adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time of the ventilator to reduce the entrainment ratio; it is used to continuously monitor the changes in the entrainment ratio and adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time according to the monitoring results until the entrainment ratio drops below the threshold or a manual intervention prompt is issued.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] This embodiment provides a ventilator that executes the ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm provided in Example 1.

[0057] This invention introduces the concept of entrainment ratio to monitor the severity of the user's respiratory entrainment and resolve the respiratory entrainment problem by automatically adjusting the ventilation frequency and inspiratory time. Based on a real-time monitoring and feedback adjustment mechanism, it effectively avoids the neural-mechanical cycle coupling problem caused by entrainment while maintaining ventilation safety, thereby improving the user's ventilation comfort and ventilation effect.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention and are intended to be encompassed by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm, comprising: Step 1: Count the number of mechanical ventilation cycles within a preset time window, identify the coupling relationship between mechanical ventilation cycles and neural respiratory cycles, and calculate the entrainment ratio based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and neural respiratory cycles; Step 2: Compare the entrainment ratio with a preset threshold. Based on the comparison result, automatically adjust the ventilator's ventilation rate and inspiratory time to reduce the entrainment ratio. Continuously monitor the changes in the entrainment ratio and adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time according to the monitoring results until the entrainment ratio drops below the threshold or a manual intervention prompt is issued.

2. The ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preset time window in step 1 ranges from 1 minute to 30 minutes.

3. The ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of calculating the entrainment ratio in step 1 specifically includes: Identify whether respiratory entrainment occurs. If respiratory entrainment occurs, the mechanical ventilation cycle corresponds to a neural cycle, indicating a coupling relationship with the user's neural respiratory cycle. Count the number of neural cycles. Calculate the entrainment ratio Re based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and neural cycles obtained: Re = number of neural cycles / number of mechanical ventilation cycles.

4. The ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm according to claim 3, characterized in that: The identification of whether there is respiratory entrainment is achieved based on the airway pressure waveform and flow waveform.

5. The ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm according to claim 3, characterized in that: The identification of whether there is respiratory entrainment is achieved based on detecting an esophageal pressure signal or a diaphragm electrical activity signal.

6. The ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step 2 specifically includes: Step 2-1: When the entrainment ratio Re is greater than the first threshold value T1, the current entrainment ratio Re is recorded as the first reference value Re_pre_a, and the ventilation frequency F is reduced by the first step s1 to break the coupling state; Step 2-2: After the frequency observation time window f, continuously monitor the change in the entrainment ratio Re; if the entrainment ratio Re decreases compared to the first reference value Re_pre_a but is still above the first threshold T1, repeat step 2-1 and this step to continue reducing the ventilation frequency F; otherwise, proceed to step 2-3; Step 2-3: After the ventilation frequency F is adjusted and the current frequency observation time window f ends, the change in the entrainment ratio Re is continuously monitored. If the current entrainment ratio Re is higher than the second threshold value T2, the current entrainment ratio Re is recorded as the second reference value Re_pre_b, and the inspiratory time Ti is automatically extended by a second step amount s2 to improve the matching of the mechanical ventilation response to the neural drive rhythm; Step 2-4: Continue to monitor the change of the entrainment ratio Re after the breathing time observation window t; if the entrainment ratio Re decreases compared to the second reference value Re_pre_b but is still greater than the second threshold value T2, repeat steps 2-3 and this step; otherwise, execute step 2-5; Step 2-5: After the inspiratory time Ti is adjusted and the current breathing time observation window t ends, the change of the entrainment ratio Re is continuously monitored. If the current entrainment ratio Re is higher than the third threshold T3, a prompt message is issued to prompt the user to perform manual intervention; otherwise, the adjustment process is terminated.

7. The ventilation method for automatically regulating respiratory rhythm according to claim 6, characterized in that: The value range of the first threshold T1 is 0.001 to 0.5; the value range of the first step s1 is 1 to 3 bpm; the adjustment lower limit of the ventilation frequency F is the minimum safety limit Fmin, and the value range of the minimum safety limit Fmin is 2 to 10 bpm; the value range of the frequency observation time window f is 5 minutes to 30 minutes; The second threshold value T2 has a value range of 0.0001 to 0.1 and is less than the first threshold value T1; the second step size s2 has a value range of 0.05 to 0.2 seconds; the maximum adjustment upper limit of the inspiratory time Ti is the maximum safety limit Tmax, and the maximum safety limit Tmax has a value range of 1 to 10 seconds; the respiratory time observation window t has a value range of 5 minutes to 30 minutes; The third threshold T3 has a value range of 0.0001 to 0.05 and is smaller than the second threshold T2.

8. A ventilation system for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm, performing the ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising: The entrainment ratio module is used to count the number of mechanical ventilation cycles within a preset time window, identify the coupling relationship between the mechanical ventilation cycle and the neural respiratory cycle, and calculate the entrainment ratio based on the number of mechanical ventilation cycles and the number of neural respiratory cycles; and an adjustment module, configured to compare the entrainment ratio with a preset threshold value and, based on the comparison result, automatically adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time of the ventilator to reduce the entrainment ratio; It is used to continuously monitor changes in the entrainment ratio and adjust the ventilation rate and inspiratory time according to the monitoring results until the entrainment ratio drops below the threshold or a manual intervention prompt is issued.

9. A ventilator, characterized in that: Execute the ventilation method for automatically adjusting respiratory rhythm as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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