A sustainable natural ditch solidification and land protection engineering management method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a sustainable natural gully-fixing and loess tableland-protecting engineering management method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: performing hydrological analysis on a loess tableland surface to be protected, determining a natural water flow path of the loess tableland surface, and installing a runoff monitoring device at the outlet of each natural water flow path; according to different land use modes and the natural water flow path, a stepped drainage channel is designed, rainwater in a catchment area is intercepted through the stepped drainage channel, and is uniformly discharged. The development and change of the water and soil erosion process under the gully-fixing and loess tableland-protecting engineering measures are simulated through a model, the treatment measures are timely adjusted, and a control group is set; the model of the control group simulates a situation that no engineering measures are adopted under a natural state, size parameters of the model are designed according to a proportional scaling method, the size parameters are used to calculate a tableland surface area and a gully parameter; according to different land use modes and the natural water flow path, stepped water storage pools or underground reservoirs are set, water is stored, and formation of larger runoff is prevented, so that the erosion of the loess tableland surface is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control, and particularly relates to a sustainable natural gully-fixing and platform-protecting engineering management method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The loess plateau is a flat land formed by the accumulation of dust carried by northwest winds in the past 2.6 million years on a paleo-basin or a paleo-lake basin. Due to strong human activities in the region and fast headward erosion, water and soil loss in the loess plateau region is serious, and the plateau surface is shrinking and degrading.

[0003] The Dongzhi plateau is located in the silty loess distribution area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is the largest and most continuous loess plateau surface on the Loess Plateau, is unique in the world in terms of geological and geomorphological morphology and landscape, and is an important historical and cultural heritage site of loess farming in China and an energy and chemical industry base. At present, the Dongzhi plateau is facing the danger of shrinking and disappearing, and gully-fixing and platform-protecting, as one of the effective measures for comprehensive management of water and soil conservation in the loess plateau region, has important significance in the construction of ecological civilization.

[0004] Therefore, by exploring the advanced mode of gully-fixing and platform-protecting, the present application has important practical significance for improving the regional ecological environment, promoting the comprehensive management of regional water and soil loss, and sustainable development of the economy and society in the world. However, as of now, a mature advanced mode of gully-fixing and platform-protecting that can be universally accepted and applied to engineering practice has not been found. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a sustainable natural gully-fixing and platform-protecting engineering management method and system, which realizes comparison and feedback of the headward erosion process in the loess region and the implementation effect of the gully-fixing and platform-protecting engineering, meets the needs of prediction and simulation research of the large-scale and long-time erosion process of the gully-fixing and platform-protecting engineering, predicts and finds new runoff paths and soil erosion sites, and achieves early prevention.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present application provides a sustainable natural gully-fixing and platform-protecting engineering management method, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, performing hydrological analysis on the loess plateau surface, calculating the distance and elevation difference between the center grid and the adjacent grid through the DEM grid by using the D8 algorithm, determining the natural water flow path, and installing a runoff remote wireless monitoring device at the water flow outlet in stages;

[0008] S2, designing stepped drainage channels on the natural water flow path according to the differences in land use modes, intercepting rainwater in the catchment area, and uniformly discharging;

[0009] S3, in the low-lying area of the natural water flow path, setting stepped water storage pools or underground reservoirs according to the land use types, and grading the surface runoff.

[0010] S4, establish numerical and physical model to simulate erosion process under engineering measures, set control group to compare erosion parameters under natural state;

[0011] S5, real-time collection of runoff data under rainfall conditions through runoff monitoring device, dynamic adjustment of operation parameters of drainage channel and water storage facility.

[0012] In another aspect to achieve the above object, the application further provides a sustainable natural solid ditch and loess tableland protection engineering management system, comprising: a hydrological analysis module, a drainage channel design module, a test control module and a water storage design module;

[0013] The hydrological analysis module is used for hydrological analysis of the loess tableland surface to be protected, determines the natural water flow path of the loess tableland surface through hydrological analysis, installs runoff monitoring devices at the outlet of each natural water flow path, and timely monitors the change of runoff of each sub-catchment area;

[0014] The drainage channel design module is used for designing gradient drainage channels and gradient water storage facilities according to different land use modes and natural water flow paths, the land use modes are divided into urban mode and rural mode, the rainwater of the catchment area is intercepted through the gradient drainage channels, and is uniformly discharged; vegetation is planted at the ditch head to absorb and intercept the remaining water, and ecological water conservation is realized;

[0015] The water storage design module is used for setting gradient water storage pools or underground reservoirs according to different urban and rural land use modes and natural water flow paths, storing water for use in drought, and preventing the formation of larger runoff, reducing the erosion of the loess tableland surface, and the land use modes are divided into urban mode and rural mode;

[0016] The test control module is used for simulating the solid ditch and loess tableland protection engineering measures through the model and setting the control group, the model of the control group simulates the erosion condition under the natural state without using any engineering measures, the size parameters of the model are designed and the tableland area and the ditch parameters are calculated; through the simulation of the test control module, the operation and development of the solid ditch and loess tableland protection engineering measures are timely mastered, and the corresponding sustainable development strategy is formulated.

[0017] The technical effect of the present application: the present application discloses a kind of sustainable natural solid ditch and keep the engineering management method and system of loess tableland, realize the sustainability maintenance of solid ditch and keep the engineering by ecological measure.The combination of ecological slope protection and natural drainage system is a very effective method for solid ditch and keep the loess tableland.At the same time, soil moisture content and groundwater level are monitored in real time, and the artificial loess tableland (geological body) formed by backfilling at the head of the ditch is remolded loess.Compared with the original loess tableland, the physical structure of remolded loess is significantly different, which will inevitably have a significant impact on water infiltration and migration.Clear understanding of the water distribution characteristics and migration law of remolded loess in artificial loess tableland can help to understand whether the changes in water and soil environment in artificial backfilling area will trigger secondary geological disasters.If soil moisture collected at the slope foot of the solid ditch and keep the engineering is not discharged in time, it will reduce the shear strength of loess at the slope foot of the backfilling engineering, and trigger secondary geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, mudflow and ground subsidence, thereby aggravating soil erosion.It is also necessary to conduct large-scale and long-term simulation research on solid ditch and keep the engineering, and through the present application, new runoff routes and soil erosion sites can be predicted and found to achieve early prevention.The runoff monitoring device has high intelligence, and data can be viewed anytime and anywhere through wireless remote transmission, and functions such as delay start, timing start and automatic encryption sampling frequency can be realized remotely anywhere and anytime.The installation steps are simple, and data can be received in real time on the cloud platform through simple assembly;it is convenient to carry, the installation support is foldable, occupies small space and is convenient for transportation;it has high strength, most of the devices are made of stainless steel, and some precision instruments can be placed in stainless steel protective boxes, which have high strength, good corrosion resistance and can realize long-term monitoring in harsh outdoor conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide further understanding of the present application, the illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute improper limitation on the present application.In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is the overall structure schematic diagram of the runoff monitoring device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 It is the installation support structure schematic diagram of the runoff monitoring device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 It is the circuit connection schematic diagram of the runoff monitoring device of the embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 It is the Parshall trough schematic diagram of the runoff monitoring device of the embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) is a side view; (b) is a top view;

[0023] Figure 5 It is the sustainable natural solid ditch and keep the engineering management method schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 6 A city mode schematic diagram of a sustainable natural gully fixing and loess tableland protecting engineering management method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 A rural mode schematic diagram of a sustainable natural gully fixing and loess tableland protecting engineering management method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 A flow schematic diagram of a sustainable natural gully fixing and loess tableland protecting engineering management method according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 A structure schematic diagram of a sustainable natural gully fixing and loess tableland protecting engineering management system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] The figure mark: 1-1, flow meter host; 1-2, ultrasonic transducer; 1-3, barthel tank; 2-1, solar cell panel; 2-2, solar controller; 2-3, lithium battery; 2-4, intelligent relay; 3-1, stainless steel long rod; 3-2, center stainless steel rod; 3-3, screw hole; 3-4, stainless steel protection box; 3-5, buckle; 3-6, stainless steel short rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0030] It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a group of computer executable instructions, and although the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described herein can be executed in an order different from that shown herein.

[0031] As shown in the drawings, Figure 8 A sustainable natural gully fixing and loess tableland protecting engineering management method is provided in the embodiment, which comprises: performing hydrological analysis on a pre-protected loess tableland surface, calculating the natural water flow path of the loess tableland surface through analysis, and installing a runoff monitoring device at the outlet of each water flow path;

[0032] According to the different land use modes (rural and urban) and the natural water flow path, a stepped drainage channel is designed, the rainwater in the catchment area is intercepted through the stepped drainage channel, and is uniformly discharged to prevent erosion;

[0033] According to different land use modes (rural and urban) and natural water flow path, the cascade water storage pools (waterlogging pools) and underground reservoirs are designed to store rainwater resources for reuse in case of water shortage, and meanwhile, the runoff is weakened to reduce the runoff erosion on the loess plateau surface. The ecological water conservation measures (artificial vegetation) are set at the runoff outlet area of the plateau catchment area to prevent runoff from flowing down the ditch as much as possible.

[0034] A numerical and physical model is established to predict and simulate the development and change of future erosion process, so as to realize sustainable operation and maintenance.

[0035] Two sets of models are designed, one set simulates the ditch-fixing and plateau-protecting engineering measures, and the other set simulates the natural state without using any engineering measures as a control. The size parameters of the models are set by the equal proportion scaling method, and the plateau area and ditch parameters are calculated. The inclination of the slope panel is adjusted by installing a support on the slope panel. Through simulation calculation and analysis, the key points and key times of the ditch-fixing and plateau-protecting engineering are determined, and a scientific and reasonable sustainable development strategy is formulated.

[0036] The design principle of the sustainable natural ditch-fixing and plateau-protecting engineering management method is as follows:

[0037] The sustainable natural ditch-fixing and plateau-protecting engineering management method is to solve the water problem on the natural water flow path.

[0038] Firstly, the natural law of soil erosion in the gully area is followed, and the core is to determine the natural runoff path, cascade interception, reasonably build water storage pools, effectively reduce erosion, and prevent runoff from flowing down the ditch. This method mainly adopts the idea of dividing the whole into parts, and the focus is to use the natural process to resist the dynamic system of 'water erosion' by using the fixed system engineering of 'ditch-fixing and plateau-protecting engineering'. In fact, the natural process used is also a dynamic process. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the sustainable natural ditch-fixing and plateau-protecting engineering management method mainly includes cascade interception, drainage and ecological water conservation in the implementation measures, and the specific processes of the three aspects are as follows:

[0039] (a) Cascade interception: interception from the source of water. Through hydrological analysis, the natural water flow path and natural catchment area of the watershed are determined. From the natural catchment area, the interception channel is built step by step, the water is intercepted in cascade, and then the water storage pools (such as waterlogging pools, underground reservoirs, etc.) are built in the key areas (low-lying areas) of the natural water flow path, so that the water flow is dispersed in cascade, and the whole is divided into parts. Finally, the water does not flow down the ditch, and the accumulated water can be reused for urban life and ecological water.

[0040] (b) Drainage: By setting up drainage channels on the natural runoff path of water flow, the problem of discharge and erosion of the part of water that is not intercepted by the stepped water interception on the natural runoff path is solved. Especially in the key area of natural gully head (such as gully head, slope foot), blind drain is set up, energy dissipation pool is established, and hydraulic erosion is reduced. By dredging the drainage channel instead of blocking it, erosion is reduced. The built drainage channel should be set up on the natural drainage route as much as possible. The drainage channel network of the road can be used, which saves resources and funds. Finally, the erosion of the gully head is reduced to the maximum.

[0041] (c) Ecological water conservation: Constructing an ecological and natural combination management idea on the surface of the gully control and platform protection project, building an ecological slope protection on the surface of the gully control and platform protection project, solving the problem of ecological water conservation, realizing the natural infiltration of rainfall and intercepted water on the platform surface to deep soil through plant roots, reducing the erosion of platform and slope. Finally, it provides a green ecological loess plateau for local residents.

[0042] Combined with the sustainable natural gully control and platform protection project management method, the sustainability of the gully control and platform protection project is realized through ecological measures. Ecological slope protection and natural drainage system combination is a very effective gully control and platform protection method. At the same time, real-time monitoring of soil moisture content and groundwater level is also needed. The artificial platform surface (geological body) formed by backfilling in the gully head is remolded loess, which is significantly different from the physical structure of the original platform surface, and will inevitably have a significant impact on water infiltration and migration. Clear understanding of the water distribution characteristics and migration law of remolded loess in artificial platform surface helps to deeply understand whether the change of water and soil environment in artificial backfilling area will trigger secondary geological disasters. If the soil water collected at the slope foot of the gully control and platform protection project is not discharged in time, the shear strength of loess at the slope foot of the gully head filling project will be reduced, which will trigger landslides, collapses, mudflows and ground subsidence and other secondary geological disasters, thus aggravating soil erosion. Large-scale and long-term simulation research on the gully control and platform protection project is also necessary, which can predict and find new runoff routes and soil erosion sites, and prevent in advance. By applying this sustainable natural gully control and platform protection project management method in the loess plateau region, water and soil loss in gully areas can be alleviated, and sustainable development and safety in urban and rural areas can be promoted.

[0043] See Figures 1 to 3The application also provides a runoff monitoring device, which aims to timely grasp the development and changes of the solid ditch and land protection project.

[0044] The solar power supply system comprises a solar cell panel 2-1, a solar switch controller 2-2 and lithium batteries 2-3, the solar cell panel 2-1 is connected with the lithium batteries 2-3 through the solar switch controller 2-2; the solar switch controller 2-2 provides overcharge protection and short-circuit protection to ensure the normal operation of the equipment. The two lithium batteries 2-3 are arranged, one of which is used for power supply, and the other is used for standby charging. When the power of one lithium battery 2-3 is consumed, the other lithium battery 2-3 is automatically switched to power supply. The two lithium batteries 2-3 can ensure the normal operation of the runoff monitoring device in rainy weather, especially in the conditions of heavy rain and intensive monitoring. The solar cell panel 2-1 is made of polycrystalline silicon, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency is about 15%, the charging time is about 8-11 hours, the size of the panel is 400*255*17mm, the working voltage Vmp / 17.78V, the working current Imp / 0.56A, the open circuit voltage Voc / 21.33V, the short circuit current Isc / 0.67A; its standby current is <10mA, the working temperature can be below-35℃ and above 60℃, and it has the characteristics of low energy consumption and strong weather resistance. The lithium battery 2-3 has a capacity of 12V / 21000mAh, has a DC interface and a USB interface, and the output voltage is DC interface 12V and USB interface 5V. The lithium battery shell in the embodiment is made of metal material and is equipped with an aluminum alloy handle, which is convenient to carry and not easy to deform.

[0045] The remote control system comprises a smart relay 2-4 with GPRS function and a mobile phone control client, the smart relay 2-4 is a four-way relay with an external antenna, the working voltage of the smart relay 2-4 is 7-12V, the maximum working power is 2W, and the standby power is 0.5W, the remote control is realized through the mobile phone APP, the smart relay 2-4 is connected with the lithium batteries 2-3 and the flowmeter host 1-1 respectively, and the mobile phone control client realizes the switching of the power supply battery, the monitoring timing and the monitoring mode are manual or automatic, and the sampling time density is adjusted.

[0046] The installation support fixes the intelligent relay 2-4 of the remote control system and the flow monitoring system and the solar power supply system on the ground, and is formed by connecting a plurality of stainless steel rods.

[0047] Specifically, the installation support comprises a central stainless steel rod 3-2, three stainless steel long rods 3-1 as legs are hinged on the rod body of the central stainless steel rod 3-2, the stainless steel long rods 3-1 are fixed to the ground through foundation bolts, a stainless steel short rod 3-6 is connected between the upper portions of the two stainless steel long rods 3-1, and the solar cell panel 2-1 is fixed on the stainless steel short rod 3-6 through bolts; the bottom of the central stainless steel rod 3-2 is connected with a stainless steel protection box 3-4 through a buckle 3-5, and the solar switch controller 2-2, the lithium battery 2-3, the intelligent relay 2-4 and the flow meter host 1-1 are placed in the stainless steel protection box 3-4. The stainless steel long rods 3-1 are each formed by splicing two sections of support rods, a plurality of screw holes 3-3 are formed on one section of the support rods at different heights, the end portions of the two sections of the support rods are nested and connected, and a fixing bolt is arranged on the other section of the support rods; the fixing bolt is connected with the different screw holes 3-3 to realize height adjustment.

[0048] The runoff monitoring device of the present application has simple installation steps, the installation support is foldable, convenient to carry, small in occupied space and convenient for transportation, the monitoring device has high strength, most of the devices are made of stainless steel, some precise instruments can be placed in the stainless steel protection box, has good corrosion resistance and can realize long-term monitoring in harsh outdoor conditions.

[0049] Referring to Figure 4 (a) and Figure 4 (b), the center line of the Parshall trough 1-3 of the present application coincides with the center line of the flow channel, so that the water flow entering the Parshall trough 1-3 does not appear to be deflected; the Parshall trough 1-3 is firmly connected with the side wall of the flow channel and the bottom of the flow channel, so that the water flow flows through the Parshall trough 1-3. The Parshall trough 1-3 is a standard Parshall trough (B=25mm), the size is accurate, the inner surface is smooth, the maximum flow that can be monitored is 19.44m 3 / h, the Parshall trough 1-3 is made of 1.5mm stainless steel plate, has the characteristics of strong corrosion resistance, not easy to deform and beautiful appearance; the ultrasonic transducer 1-2 detects by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves, is a non-contact liquid level measurement, does not affect the water flow velocity at all, and the measurement is accurate. After the installation height of the ultrasonic transducer 1-2 to the bottom of the Parshall trough 1-3 is set on the flow meter host 1-1, and the Parshall trough type and parameters are selected, the device can operate normally.

[0050] The ultrasonic monitoring part of the runoff monitoring device of the present application is installed at the upper part of the Parshall trough, and the data acquisition and power supply part is fixed in the field to find a relatively flat area. The height of the solar cell panel 2-1 and the stainless steel protection box 3-4 is adjusted by the mounting bracket, and it is fixed on the ground by the anchor bolt.

[0051] Embodiments

[0052] The Huoxiang ditch and the Fengjiatang ditch of the loess plateau are two typical key project ditches for solid ditch and plateau protection. The headwater area of the Huoxiang ditch is close to the center of the city, while the headwater area of the Fengjiatang ditch is located in the farming area, which represents two different types of headwater areas and adopts two different modes: urban mode and rural mode. The embodiments of the present application take these two ditches as examples to illustrate the specific application and effect of the sustainable natural solid ditch and plateau protection engineering management method in protecting the loess plateau.

[0053] (1) Division of the headwater area of the Huoxiang ditch and the Fengbao ditch:

[0054] The Huoxiang ditch is located in the east of Xifeng city (35°44'24"N, 107°39'03"E), belongs to the loess plateau edge gully, and the head extends to the urban area. The north-south width of the ditch is about 150m, the deepest part is 109m, and it has typical loess plateau landform characteristics. It has always been the main discharge port of rainwater and sewage in the old urban area of Xifeng. The north and south mountain bodies of the Huoxiang ditch have large-scale landslides, and the north side of the cliff is only 26m away from the south row of residential buildings in the Anju project, and only more than 10m away from the original Qingyang cigarette factory building. The north and south mountain bodies are constantly collapsing, and danger can occur at any time. The solid ditch and plateau protection project of the Huoxiang ditch is imminent. The flood drainage and sewage project of the Huoxiang ditch was implemented on August 1, 2006, which consists of four parts: reconstruction of the south city trench open channel, underground channel, downhill box culvert and ditch bottom energy dissipation. The project is arranged along the right bank of the Huoxiang ditch, with a total length of 1726.8m and a total investment of 2100 million yuan.

[0055] The Fengbao ditch is located in the southwest of the Fengbao village street in Dongzhi town, Xifeng district, about 500m south of the Fengbao street. Before the comprehensive treatment of "solid ditch and plateau protection", due to the increase of runoff after the widening of the Dongzhi street section, the existing drainage engineering could not meet the drainage requirements, resulting in serious erosion and damage of the head of the ditch, the depth of the drainage port of the ditch was cut, the slope vegetation was sparse, and the ecology was fragile. In 2015, the water conservation bureau of Qingyang city implemented the solid ditch treatment for 37 large plateaus in Qingyang city, with a planning and treatment area of 3095.87km 2 , 118 rescue ditch heads were treated. Among them, 380m of concrete ditch head protection was set at the head of the Fengbao ditch, 2.2hm 2 of abandoned homestead was reclaimed on the north side of the ditch head, 1 place of new drainage ditch engineering was built, 105800m 3 of mountain body slope was cut, and 105800m 3Laying 63500m of dry-stone revetment 3 Planting 15000 green trees, and 1.6hm of willow trees at the bottom of the gully to prevent erosion 2 Planting 18.5hm of arbor trees on the slope 2 After the treatment, the head region of the Fengbao Gully is divided into three parts: the gully filling area, the plateau natural area, and the gully area.

[0056] After the hydrological analysis of the DEM of the gully head by ArcGIS, the catchment area where the target gully head is located can be divided, as shown in Figs. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Through the hydrological analysis, it can be found that the catchment area where the Huoxiang Gully is located is 4868m 2 ; and the catchment area where the Fengjiapan Gully is located is 528604m 2 . That is, the runoff generated in the catchment area flows to the Huoxiang Gully and the Fengjiapan Gully, and erodes the plateau and the gully head. The superimposed graph of the remote sensing image and the hydrological analysis reflects the consistency degree of the range of the catchment area and the water flow path. Through the field investigation and the interpretation of the remote sensing image, it is found that the results of the two are completely consistent.

[0057] As can be seen from Figure 6 , the head of the Huoxiang Gully invades the city and is close to the center of the city. Almost all the buildings in the catchment area of the gully head are urban buildings, and the hardening of the road will accelerate the runoff process and promote the development of the erosion gully. From Figure 7 , it can be found that the catchment area of the head of the Fengjiapan Gully is mainly farmland. Compared with the hardening of the road, the permeability coefficient of the underlying surface of the farmland is relatively large, and the runoff process of the catchment area will be relatively slow. However, in the long run, the farmland area will decrease, the erosion of the gully head will continue to develop, and the farmland on the plateau will be destroyed, the road will be damaged, and the villages and towns will be gradually threatened.

[0058] Based on the sustainable natural gully fixation and plateau protection engineering management method of the present application, the loess plateau can be treated as follows:

[0059] Through the hydrological analysis of the plateau, it can be easily found that only the measures such as filling and drainage in the gully head area cannot block the collection of the runoff in the catchment area, and the treatment is still insufficient. A large amount of gully head filling raises the underground water level depth at the gully head, and the rise of the underground water level affects the stability of the gully fixation and plateau protection project. At the same time, some improper engineering implementation causes secondary geological disasters such as landslide, collapse, collapse, and mud flow. The sustainable natural gully fixation and plateau protection engineering management method starts from the runoff source-catchment area, adopts the idea of dividing the whole into parts, and gradient interception to prevent runoff from flowing down the gully as much as possible on the basis of respecting the natural water flow path.

[0060] (1) City mode:

[0061] A network of interception channels is established along the natural water flow path and the urban road drainage channel in the catchment area of the Houjinggou head, and then an underground reservoir is established in the key area of the natural water flow path (low-lying area). Once runoff occurs, rainwater is stored in the underground reservoir, which is established in stages to achieve cascade interception (as shown in Figure 6 The scientific and reasonable implementation of this project can reduce the damage of rain and flood to the city and the erosion and destruction of the head of the ditch, and reduce the occurrence of secondary geological disasters in the city. The water stored in the underground reservoir can also supply daily life and ecological water to the city through simple purification. Drainage blind pipes are arranged on the natural runoff path of the water flow to solve the problem of the discharge and erosion of the part of the water that cannot be intercepted on the natural runoff path. Especially in the key area of the natural ditch head (such as the head of the ditch and the slope foot), drainage blind pipes are arranged to establish energy dissipation pools to reduce hydraulic erosion. The area of green land in the non-building area of the plateau is increased to improve the function of the sponge city and solve the problem of ecological water conservation. Rainfall and intercepted water on the plateau are naturally infiltrated into deep soil through plant root systems to reduce erosion on the plateau and slope surface.

[0062] (2) Rural mode:

[0063] A network of interception channels is established along the natural water flow path, farmland and rural road in the catchment area of the Fengjiapang ditch head, and then a surface water storage pool (waterlogging pool, interception dam) is established in the key area of the natural water flow path (low-lying area). Once runoff occurs, rainwater is stored in the waterlogging pool, which is established in stages to achieve cascade interception (as shown in Figure 7 The water stored in the waterlogging pool can also supply daily irrigation water and ecological water to farmland. Drainage channels are arranged on the natural runoff path of the water flow, especially in the key area of the natural ditch head (such as the head of the ditch and the slope foot), drainage channels are arranged to establish energy dissipation pools to reduce hydraulic erosion. At the same time, ecological revetments are built on the surface of the gully protection project to solve the problem of ecological water conservation.

[0064] The sustainable natural gully protection project management method of the application extracts the water flow direction, flow accumulation, water flow length, river network (including the classification of the river network) and the division of the study area of the basin of the natural surface runoff by using a hydrological analysis tool. The advantage of the hydrological analysis method is that through the extraction and basic hydrological analysis of basic hydrological factors, the flow process of the water flow can be reproduced on the surface of the DEM to provide technical support for the gully protection project. The loess plateau plateau scientific management mode based on the sustainable natural gully protection project management method of the application breaks through the traditional management mode which is limited to the erosion site, such as the head of the ditch and the erosion slope site, and expands the spatial scale of the management, i.e. the range of the management is expanded to the range of the catchment area. If the management mode can be fully understood and deeply applied, it is possible to fundamentally slow down the loess plateau gully erosion problem, maximize the mitigation of the loess plateau soil erosion problem, and truly realize the gully protection and plateau protection.

[0065] As Figure 9 shown in the embodiment, the sustainable natural gully-fixing and loess tableland protection engineering management system further comprises a hydrological analysis module, a drainage channel design module, a test control module and a water storage design module.

[0066] The hydrological analysis module is configured to perform hydrological analysis on a loess tableland surface to be protected, determine a natural water flow path of the loess tableland surface, and install runoff monitoring devices at the outlet of each stage of the natural water flow path to timely monitor the change in runoff of each sub-catchment area.

[0067] The drainage channel design module is configured to design gradient drainage channels and gradient water storage facilities (mainly including surface water storage pools and underground reservoirs) according to different land use modes and natural water flow paths, and to divide the land use modes into urban and rural modes, intercept the rainwater of the catchment area through the gradient drainage channels, and uniformly discharge the rainwater. Vegetation is planted at the head of the gully to absorb and intercept the remaining water, thereby achieving ecological water conservation.

[0068] The water storage design module is configured to set gradient water storage pools or underground reservoirs according to different urban and rural land use modes and natural water flow paths, store water for use in case of drought, prevent the formation of larger runoff, and reduce the erosion of the loess tableland surface. The land use modes are divided into urban and rural modes.

[0069] The test control module is configured to simulate gully-fixing and loess tableland protection engineering measures through a model and set a control group. The model of the control group simulates the erosion condition in a natural state without using any engineering measures. The size parameters of the model are designed and the tableland area and gully parameters are calculated. Through the simulation of the test control module, the operation and development of the gully-fixing and loess tableland protection engineering measures are timely mastered, and corresponding sustainable development strategies are formulated.

[0070] The above modules can be computer software modules or corresponding functional modules built by hardware devices.

[0071] An electronic device comprises a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions; the processor executes the computer program instructions to implement the sustainable natural gully-fixing and loess tableland protection engineering management method.

[0072] A computer storage medium storing computer program instructions, the computer program instructions being executed by a processor to implement the sustainable natural gully-fixing and loess tableland protection engineering management method.

[0073] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sustainable natural gully stabilization and loess protection engineering management method, characterized in that, include: S1. Conduct hydrological analysis on the Loess Plateau surface, use the D8 algorithm to calculate the distance and elevation difference between the central grid and adjacent grids through the DEM grid, determine the natural water flow path, and install remote wireless monitoring devices for runoff at the water outlet step by step. S2. Based on differences in land use patterns, design tiered drainage channels along natural water flow paths to intercept rainwater from catchment areas and discharge it uniformly; S3. In the low-lying areas along the natural water flow path, tiered water storage ponds or underground reservoirs shall be set up according to the land use type to dissipate surface runoff in stages. S4. Establish numerical and physical models to simulate the erosion process under engineering measures, and set up a control group to compare the erosion parameters under natural conditions; S5. Collect runoff data under rainfall conditions in real time through runoff monitoring devices, and dynamically adjust the operating parameters of drainage channels and water storage facilities; The method for designing cascade drainage channels is as follows: In urban catchment areas, blind pipe energy dissipation systems are installed along road drainage networks. In rural catchment areas, open channel drainage networks are constructed by utilizing gaps in farmland. Following the natural water flow path, the drainage channel outlet is connected to an underground reservoir or surface water storage tank; The runoff monitoring device includes a flow monitoring system, a solar power supply system, a remote intelligent control system, and a mounting bracket; The flow monitoring system includes a Parshall tank (1-3), an ultrasonic transducer (1-2), and a flow meter main unit (1-1). The ultrasonic transducer (1-2) is installed directly above the Parshall tank (1-3) and detects the distance from the liquid surface to the ultrasonic transducer (1-2) by emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves. The flow meter main unit (1-1) has a built-in data storage module and a remote communication module. The data storage module is used to record historical flow rates, and the remote communication module uploads the monitoring data to a cloud platform. The solar power supply system includes a solar panel (2-1), a solar controller (2-2), and a lithium battery (2-3). The solar panel (2-1) is connected to the lithium battery (2-3) through the solar controller (2-2). The solar controller (2-2) provides overcharge protection and short circuit protection. Two lithium batteries (2-3) are provided, one of which supplies power and the other is in standby charging. When the power of one lithium battery (2-3) is exhausted, the system automatically switches to the other battery for power supply. The remote intelligent control system includes intelligent relays (2-4) and a control client. The intelligent relays (2-4) are four-channel relays with external antennas. The intelligent relays (2-4) are connected to the lithium battery (2-3) and the flow meter host (1-1) respectively. The mobile phone control client realizes the switching of the power supply battery and the monitoring timing and monitoring mode, which can be manual or automatic, and adjusts the sampling time density. The mounting bracket secures the intelligent relays (2-4) of the remote intelligent control system, as well as the flow monitoring system and the solar power supply system, to the ground mounting bracket, which is formed by connecting multiple stainless steel rods.

2. The sustainable natural gully stabilization and loess protection engineering management method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Hydrological analysis of the Loess Plateau includes: According to the D8 algorithm, in a 3×3 DEM grid cell, the straight-line distance between the central grid cell and the adjacent grid cells in the east, west, south, and north is calculated; the diagonal distance between the central grid cell and the adjacent grid cells in the northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest is calculated; the direction of maximum slope for each grid cell is determined, and a natural water flow path network is generated.

3. The sustainable natural gully stabilization and loess protection engineering management method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Artificial vegetation is established in the runoff outlet area of ​​the loess plateau water catchment area, and water is naturally infiltrated into the deep soil through the root system of artificial vegetation via dominant channels.

4. The sustainable natural gully stabilization and loess protection engineering management method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting bracket includes a central stainless steel rod (3-2), with three stainless steel long rods (3-1) hinged to the central stainless steel rod (3-2) as support legs. The stainless steel long rods (3-1) are fixed to the ground by anchor bolts. A stainless steel short rod (3-6) is connected between the upper parts of two stainless steel long rods (3-1). The solar panel (2-1) is fixed to the stainless steel short rod (3-6) by bolts. The bottom of the central stainless steel rod (3-2) is connected to a stainless steel protective box (3-4) by a buckle (3-5). The solar controller (2-2), lithium battery (2-3), smart relay (2-4), and flow meter host (1-1) are placed in the stainless steel protective box (3-4).

5. The sustainable natural gully stabilization and loess protection engineering management method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The stainless steel long rod (3-1) is composed of two support rods spliced ​​together. One support rod has several screw holes (3-3) at different heights. The ends of the two support rods are nested and connected. The other support rod is fitted with a fixing bolt. The fixing bolt is connected to different screw holes (3-3) to achieve height adjustment.

6. A system for managing sustainable natural gully stabilization and soil conservation projects according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, include: Hydrological analysis module, drainage channel design module, experimental control module, and water storage design module; The hydrological analysis module is used to perform hydrological analysis on the loess plateau surface to be protected, determine the natural water flow path of the loess plateau surface through hydrological analysis, and install runoff monitoring devices at the cascade outlet of each natural water flow path to monitor the changes in runoff in each sub-catchment area in a timely manner. The drainage channel design module is used to design tiered drainage channels and tiered water storage facilities according to different land use patterns and natural water flow paths. The land use patterns are divided into urban and rural modes. Rainwater from the catchment area is intercepted in stages through the tiered drainage channels and discharged in a unified manner. Vegetation is planted at the head of the ditch to absorb and intercept the remaining water, thereby achieving ecological water conservation. The water storage design module is used to set up tiered water storage tanks or underground reservoirs according to different urban and rural land use patterns and natural water flow paths, to store water for drought needs, prevent the formation of larger runoff, and reduce erosion of the loess plateau. The experimental control module is used to simulate soil erosion control measures using a model and to set up a control group. The control group model simulates the erosion situation under natural conditions without any engineering measures. The module designs the size parameters of the model and calculates the area of ​​the loess plateau and the parameters of the gullies. Through the simulation of the experimental control module, the operation and development of soil erosion control measures can be grasped in a timely manner, and corresponding sustainable development strategies can be formulated.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: a processor and a memory storing computer program instructions; when the processor executes the computer program instructions, it implements the sustainable natural gully stabilization and soil conservation engineering management method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer storage medium stores computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the sustainable natural gully stabilization and soil conservation engineering management method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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