Hole transport layer precursor solution, cell module, preparation method of cell module, perovskite solar cell and electric device

Abstract

The invention discloses a hole transport layer precursor solution, a cell module, a preparation method of the cell module, a perovskite solar cell and an electric device, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells. The hole transport layer precursor solution comprises a self-assembled single-layer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpilenol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190-240 DEG C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210-250 DEG C; the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70-90 DEG C. The hole transport layer precursor solution provided by the invention has improved stability and storability, the flexibility of the production process of the prepared perovskite component is improved, the batch stability and efficiency of the perovskite component are improved, and the large-area processing requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a hole transport layer precursor solution, a battery component and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a new type of photovoltaic device. Their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and flexible fabrication have made them a hot topic in photovoltaic research. Perovskite solar cells typically consist of a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, and a metal electrode. The hole transport layer plays a crucial role in perovskite solar cells, and its material selection and preparation process directly affect the device's photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability. Self-assembled monolayer materials (SAM materials), as key components of the hole transport layer, have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their low cost, low parasitic absorption, and excellent interface passivation capabilities.

[0003] However, SAM materials are unstable in the air and difficult to achieve uniform preparation over a large area. Furthermore, after the precursor solution containing the SAM material is coated into a film, it needs to be dried immediately and subjected to subsequent processes. Consequently, the preparation of the corresponding perovskite components requires continuous processing, and the preparation process is demanding, with poor batch-to-batch repeatability, which affects the efficiency of the perovskite components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the main purpose of this application is to provide a hole transport layer precursor solution that can improve the stability of SAM materials, and a battery component that can be stably stored for a long time, which can improve the flexibility of the perovskite component production process and improve the batch stability and efficiency of the perovskite component to meet large-area processing needs.

[0005] The first aspect of the present application provides a hole transport layer precursor solution, comprising a self-assembled monolayer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpineol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190°C-240°C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210°C-250°C; and the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70°C-90°C.

[0006] In some embodiments, the phosphate ester solvent includes trimethyl phosphate and / or triethyl phosphate;

[0007] And / or, the alcohol ether solvent includes dipropylene glycol butyl ether and / or diethylene glycol butyl ether;

[0008] And / or, the alcohol solvent includes isopropanol and / or ethanol.

[0009] In some embodiments, in the composite solvent, the volume proportions of phosphate ester solvent, alcohol ether solvent, alcohol solvent and terpineol are 10%-50%, 40%-80%, 5%-30% and 5%-20%, respectively;

[0010] In the hole transport layer precursor solution, the concentration of the self-assembled monolayer material is 0.1 mg / mL-2 mg / mL.

[0011] In some embodiments, the self-assembled monolayer material includes [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-3PACz), [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-6PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Me-2PACz), [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-3PACz), [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-6PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Me-2PACz), [3-(3,6 -dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate (Me-3PACz), [6-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl] phosphate (Me-6PACz), [1-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl] phosphate (Me-1PACz), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate (Me-4PACz), [8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl] phosphate (Me-8PACz), [ 1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphate (1PACz), (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphate (2PACz), [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphate (3PACz), [4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (4PACz), [6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate (6PACz), [8-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphate (8PACz), [4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl) propyl] phosphate (MeO-TPA-3PA), 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl phosphate (F5BPA), [2-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate (2PABCz), [4-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate (4PABCz), [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethyl] phosphate (TPA-2PA), [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)propyl] phosphate (TPA-3PA), [4- (10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate (4PAPT), [2-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)ethyl]phosphate (2PADCB), [4-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)butyl]phosphate (4PADCB), [3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphate (2Br-3PACz), [4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (2Br-4PACz), [6-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate (2Br-6PACz), [1-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphate (tBu-1PACz), [2 ...[6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate (tBu-2PACz), [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate (tBu-3PACz), [4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate (tBu-4PACz), [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl] phosphate (tBu-6PACz), [ 8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl] phosphate (tBu-8PACz), [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl] phosphate (Ph-1PACz), [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate (Ph-2PACz), [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate (Ph-3PACz), [4- At least one of [3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (Ph-4PACz), [6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate (Ph-6PACz), [8-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphate (Ph-8PACz), [2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethyl]phosphate (2PAPXZ), [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate (2Br-4PAPT), and [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate (2Br-4PAPXZ).

[0012] The second aspect of the present application provides a battery assembly, comprising a substrate and a wet film arranged on one side of the substrate; the wet film comprises a self-assembled monolayer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpineol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190°C-240°C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210°C-250°C; and the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70°C-90°C.

[0013] In some embodiments, the battery assembly further includes a protective film disposed on a side of the wet film away from the substrate.

[0014] The third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a battery component, comprising the following steps: coating the hole transport layer precursor solution described in the first aspect on a substrate to form a wet film.

[0015] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising a hole transport layer prepared by the hole transport layer precursor solution described in the first aspect or a hole transport layer prepared by the wet film in the battery assembly described in the second aspect.

[0016] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode that are stacked.

[0017] The fifth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising the perovskite solar cell described in the fourth aspect.

[0018] Beneficial effects of this application:

[0019] The hole transport layer precursor solution of the present application adopts a composite solvent composed of a low-boiling point alcohol solvent and a high-boiling point phosphate solvent, an alcohol ether solvent and pineol, which has excellent solubility for SAM materials, and has the characteristics of high boiling point, low volatility and non-reaction with SAM materials. Therefore, it is beneficial to promote the uniform dispersion of SAM materials, while improving the stability and storability of the hole transport layer precursor solution, thereby improving the flexibility of the production process of the perovskite component prepared therefrom, and improving the batch stability and efficiency of the perovskite component to meet the needs of large-area processing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer and to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of this application, the technical solutions of this application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with specific embodiments of this application. The described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments of this application, not all of them.

[0021] The following is a detailed description of the implementation of this application. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of this application, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of this application is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used in this application and in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0023] the term

[0024] Unless otherwise specified or incompatible therewith, terms and phrases used in this application shall have the following meanings:

[0025] In this application, "a plurality of" or "a plurality of" refers to a number greater than or equal to 2 unless otherwise specified. For example, "one or more" or "at least one" means one or more than or equal to two.

[0026] In this application, "further", "particularly" and the like are used for descriptive purposes to indicate differences in content, but should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] In this application, the technical features described in an open manner include closed technical solutions composed of the listed features, and also include open technical solutions containing the listed features.

[0028] In this application, when referring to a numerical interval (i.e., a numerical range), unless otherwise specified, the distribution of the optional numerical values ​​within the numerical interval is deemed to be continuous and includes the two numerical endpoints of the numerical interval (i.e., the minimum and maximum values), as well as every numerical value between these two numerical endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval refers only to integers within the numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, as well as every integer between the two endpoints, which is equivalent to directly listing every integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, these numerical ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges disclosed in this application should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, percentage, ratio, etc. "Numerical interval" is broadly allowed to include numerical interval types such as percentage intervals, ratio intervals, and ratio intervals.

[0029] In this application, unless otherwise specified, temperature parameters may be either constant temperature or fluctuating within a certain temperature range. It should be understood that constant temperature processing allows for temperature fluctuations within the precision range of instrument control. Fluctuations within ranges such as ±5°C, ±4°C, ±3°C, ±2°C, and ±1°C are permitted.

[0030] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the percentage contents mentioned in this application refer to mass percentage for solid-liquid mixture and solid-solid mixture, and refer to volume percentage for liquid-liquid mixture.

[0032] The percentage concentrations mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, refer to the final concentration, which refers to the percentage of the added component in the system after the addition of the component.

[0033] In this application, temperature parameters, unless otherwise specified, allow for both constant temperature treatment and treatment within a certain temperature range. The constant temperature treatment allows for temperature fluctuations within the precision range of instrument control.

[0034] The first aspect of the present application provides a hole transport layer precursor solution, comprising a self-assembled monolayer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpineol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190°C-240°C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210°C-250°C; and the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70°C-90°C.

[0035] The hole transport layer precursor solution of the present application adopts a composite solvent composed of a low-boiling point alcohol solvent and a high-boiling point phosphate solvent, an alcohol ether solvent and pineol, which has excellent solubility for SAM materials, and has the characteristics of high boiling point, low volatility and non-reaction with SAM materials. Therefore, it is beneficial to promote the uniform dispersion of SAM materials, while improving the stability and storability of the hole transport layer precursor solution, thereby improving the flexibility of the production process of the perovskite component prepared therefrom, and improving the batch stability and efficiency of the perovskite component to meet the needs of large-area processing.

[0036] Specifically, the components of the composite solvent of the present application are all highly polar, providing good solubility for the similarly highly polar SAM and being non-reactive with the SAM, thus stabilizing the SAM. Furthermore, the phosphate ester solvent, alcohol ether solvent, and terpineol have high boiling points and are non-volatile, thus improving the stability and storability of the hole transport layer precursor solution. In particular, phosphate ester solvents have high polarity and amphiphilicity, similar to the polarity of SAM molecules. The phosphate groups they contain can act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors at the same time, forming multiple hydrogen bond networks with the amino, carboxyl or adenine nitrogen atoms of SAM, thereby promoting the dispersion and stability of SAM; alcohol ether solvents are beneficial to improving leveling, and pineol can adjust the viscosity of the hole transport layer precursor solution; low-boiling point alcohol solvents can adjust the volatility of the hole transport layer precursor solution. The use of the above composite solvents is beneficial to providing a hole transport layer precursor solution with suitable viscosity and volatility, promoting the uniform dispersion of SAM materials, and improving the stability and storability of the hole transport layer precursor solution.

[0037] In some embodiments, the phosphate ester solvent includes trimethyl phosphate and / or triethyl phosphate;

[0038] And / or, the alcohol ether solvent includes dipropylene glycol butyl ether and / or diethylene glycol butyl ether;

[0039] And / or, the alcohol solvent includes isopropanol and / or ethanol.

[0040] In some embodiments, in the composite solvent, the volume proportions of phosphate ester solvents, alcohol ether solvents, alcohol solvents and terpineol are 10%-50%, 40%-80%, 5%-30% and 5%-20%, respectively; specifically, the volume proportion of phosphate ester solvents may be 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50% and the like; the volume proportion of alcohol ether solvents may be 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% and the like; the volume proportion of alcohol solvents may be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and the like; the volume proportion of phosphate ester solvents may be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and the like.

[0041] In some embodiments, the concentration of the self-assembled monolayer material in the hole transport layer precursor solution is 0.1 mg / mL-2 mg / mL, for example, 0.1 mg / mL, 0.2 mg / mL, 0.3 mg / mL, 0.4 mg / mL, 0.2 mg / mL, 0.6 mg / mL, 0.7 mg / mL, 0.8 mg / mL, 0.9 mg / mL, 1 mg / mL, 1.2 mg / mL, 2 mg / mL, etc.

[0042] In some embodiments, the self-assembled monolayer material includes [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-3PACz), [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-6PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Me-2PACz), [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-3PACz), [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-6PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Me-2PACz), [3-(3,6 -dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate (Me-3PACz), [6-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl] phosphate (Me-6PACz), [1-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl] phosphate (Me-1PACz), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate (Me-4PACz), [8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl] phosphate (Me-8PACz), [ 1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphate (1PACz), (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphate (2PACz), [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphate (3PACz), [4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (4PACz), [6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate (6PACz), [8-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphate (8PACz), [4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl) propyl] phosphate (MeO-TPA-3PA), 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl phosphate (F5BPA), [2-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate (2PABCz), [4-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate (4PABCz), [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethyl] phosphate (TPA-2PA), [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)propyl] phosphate (TPA-3PA), [4- (10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate (4PAPT), [2-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)ethyl]phosphate (2PADCB), [4-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)butyl]phosphate (4PADCB), [3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphate (2Br-3PACz), [4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (2Br-4PACz), [6-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate (2Br-6PACz), [1-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphate (tBu-1PACz), [2 ...[6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate (tBu-2PACz), [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate (tBu-3PACz), [4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate (tBu-4PACz), [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl] phosphate (tBu-6PACz), [ 8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl] phosphate (tBu-8PACz), [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl] phosphate (Ph-1PACz), [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate (Ph-2PACz), [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate (Ph-3PACz), [4- At least one of [3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate (Ph-4PACz), [6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate (Ph-6PACz), [8-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphate (Ph-8PACz), [2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethyl]phosphate (2PAPXZ), [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate (2Br-4PAPT), and [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate (2Br-4PAPXZ).

[0043] The second aspect of the present application provides a battery assembly, comprising a substrate and a wet film arranged on one side of the substrate; the wet film comprises a self-assembled monolayer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpineol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190°C-240°C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210°C-250°C; and the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70°C-90°C.

[0044] The wet film of the battery component of the present application adopts a composite solvent composed of a low-boiling point alcohol solvent and a high-boiling point phosphate solvent, an alcohol ether solvent and pineol. On the one hand, the composite solvent has excellent solubility for the SAM material, which is conducive to promoting the uniform dispersion of the SAM material. On the other hand, the composite solvent has the characteristics of high boiling point, low volatility and non-reaction with the SAM material. It is not easy to volatilize during the preparation of the wet film, which can reduce the contact between the SAM material and the air to a certain extent, and improve the stability and storability of the SAM material. This can improve the flexibility of the production process of the perovskite component prepared therefrom, and improve the batch stability and efficiency of the perovskite component to meet the needs of large-area processing.

[0045] In some embodiments, the battery assembly further includes a protective film disposed on a side of the wet film away from the substrate.

[0046] By setting a protective film on the side of the wet film away from the substrate, the volatilization of the composite solvent can be further reduced and the air can be isolated, so that the wet film can be preserved for a long time and the performance of the wet film can be kept stable. At the same time, since the composite solvent has good solubility for the SAM material, the uniformity of the wet film dispersion can still be guaranteed during storage. In this way, the "prefabrication" of the wet film can be achieved. When the production of perovskite components is required, the protective film can be removed and production can continue. Therefore, the flexibility of the perovskite component production process can be improved, and the batch stability and efficiency of perovskite components can be improved.

[0047] In some embodiments, the material of the protective film includes at least one of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane film (PDMS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and polyimide (PI).

[0048] The third aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a battery component, comprising the following steps: coating the hole transport layer precursor solution described in the first aspect on a substrate to form a wet film.

[0049] In a specific example, the coating includes at least one of spin coating, doctor blade coating, slit coating, and inkjet printing.

[0050] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a perovskite solar cell, comprising a hole transport layer prepared by the hole transport layer precursor solution described in the first aspect or a hole transport layer prepared by the wet film in the battery assembly described in the second aspect.

[0051] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a buffer layer, and a back electrode that are stacked.

[0052] In a specific example, the substrate is a FTO substrate.

[0053] In a specific example, the material of the perovskite layer includes perovskite.

[0054] In a specific example, the general formula of the perovskite is AB(X n Y 1-n )3, wherein A is a monovalent cation, B is a divalent metal ion, X and Y are each independently a halogen anion, and 0≤n≤1.

[0055] In a specific example, the electron transport layer is an n-type semiconductor.

[0056] In a specific example, the material of the electron transport layer includes C60 and / or PCBM.

[0057] In a specific example, the material of the buffer layer includes ALD SnO2 and / or BCP.

[0058] In a specific example, the material of the electrode includes at least one of ITO, IZO and Cu.

[0059] The fifth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising the perovskite solar cell described in the fourth aspect.

[0060] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following experiments can be purchased from the market.

[0061] The following are specific examples.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Preparation of perovskite battery components:

[0064] The specific steps are as follows:

[0065] 1) Prepare the hole transport layer precursor solution: Dissolve the SAM material (4PADCB) in a complex solvent (45 v / v% triethyl phosphate, 45 v / v% diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5 v / v% ethanol, and 5 v / v% terpineol) to a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL. If the SAM material cannot be dissolved and the solution is not clear, filter it through a 0.22 μm PTFE filter before use.

[0066] 2) Preparation of the battery assembly: P1 laser scribes a FTO substrate (50 mm × 50 mm) and inkjet prints a hole transport layer precursor solution onto the treated FTO substrate to form a wet film. A PEN barrier film is attached to the wet film to slow down solvent evaporation, block air and prevent dust, forming an FTO substrate-wet film-PEN film sandwich structure. The film is then placed in an air environment (room temperature, 25°C) for 2 days.

[0067] 3) Preparation of hole transport layer: After 2 days, the PEN film was torn off and the FTO substrate-wet film was placed in a vacuum flash evaporator for drying (flash evaporation to 5 Pa, maintaining the pressure for more than 60 seconds, until the wet film was clearly drained by the flash evaporator) to form a hole transport layer (2 nm).

[0068] 4) Preparation of perovskite layer on the hole transport layer: using Cs 0.2 FA 0.8 Pb(I0.85 Br 0.15 )3 as the main raw material, 4% MaCl was added to promote crystallization, and 5% PbCl2 was added to optimize crystallization kinetics and prolong carrier lifetime. After knife coating, it was placed in a flash evaporation device and then placed on a hot plate for annealing at 120℃ for 30min to form a perovskite layer (500nm);

[0069] 5) Prepare the electron transport layer (25nm C 60 ), buffer layer (7nm SnO2), and P2 laser scribing; continue to prepare the back electrode (120nm Cu) and then perform P3 laser scribing, and finally perform P4 laser edge cleaning to complete the preparation of perovskite battery components.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Except that the standing time in step 2) is 1 day, the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Example 3

[0073] Except that the standing time in step 2) is 5 days, the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Example 4

[0075] Except that the standing time in step 2) is 10 days, the rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] The same procedures as in Example 1 were followed except that the FTO substrate-wet film was directly placed in a vacuum flash evaporation device for drying after the wet film was prepared.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 30 v / v% of triethyl phosphate, 30 v / v% of diethylene glycol butyl ether, 30 v / v% of ethanol, and 10 v / v% of terpineol.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 20 v / v% of trimethyl phosphate, 40 v / v% of dipropylene glycol butyl ether, 20 v / v% of isopropyl alcohol, and 20 v / v% of terpineol.

[0082] Example 8

[0083] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 30 v / v% of trimethyl phosphate, 50 v / v% of dipropylene glycol butyl ether, 10 v / v% of isopropyl alcohol, and 10 v / v% of terpineol.

[0084] Example 9

[0085] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 10 v / v% trimethyl phosphate, 80 v / v% dipropylene glycol butyl ether, 5 v / v% isopropyl alcohol, and 5 v / v% terpineol.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] The same procedures as in Example 1 were followed except that the composite solvent was replaced with methanol and the FTO substrate-wet film was directly placed in a vacuum flash evaporation device for drying after the wet film was prepared.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] Except that the composite solvent was replaced by methanol, the rest was the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 3

[0091] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 45 v / v% of triethyl phosphate and 45 v / v% of diethylene glycol butyl ether and 10 v / v% of ethanol.

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 90 v / v% triethyl phosphate, 5 v / v% ethanol, and 5 v / v% terpineol.

[0094] Comparative Example 5

[0095] The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 except that the composite solvent comprises 90 v / v% of diethylene glycol butyl ether, 5 v / v% of ethanol, and 5 v / v% of terpineol.

[0096] Test Case

[0097] 1. The solubility of the SAM material (4PADCB) in Example 1 and methanol (i.e., Comparative Example 1) was tested as follows: SAM powder was gradually added to 1 mL of the corresponding solvent at a rate of 0.05 mg / time. The solution was placed in an oscillator and shaken at 600 rpm for 5 minutes. The solution was then removed and allowed to stand for 5 minutes. The dissolution state of the solution was observed until it could no longer be dissolved and became unclear. The weight of the SAM powder added was recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0098] 2. Using a solar simulator and a Keithley 2400 source meter, the open circuit voltage (Voc), current density (J), fill factor (FF), and initial photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the perovskite cell modules were tested at a single sun intensity. Performance tests were conducted on the perovskite cell modules prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0099] Table 1 Summary of performance of examples and comparative examples

[0100]

[0101] As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1-9 use a composite solvent consisting of a phosphate solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent, and terpineol, and the prepared batteries have good photoelectric efficiency. In addition, as can be seen from Examples 1-5, the wet film prepared from the hole transport layer precursor solution containing the above-mentioned composite solvent has good stability and storability. Even after storage for 10 days, it still has a photoelectric efficiency comparable to that without storage. It can be seen that the present application can achieve the "prefabrication" of the SAM wet film. When the production of the perovskite component is required, the protective film can be removed and production can be continued. Therefore, the flexibility of the perovskite component production process can be improved, and the batch stability and efficiency of the perovskite component can be improved.

[0102] Comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 shows that the composition of the composite solvent has a significant impact on the performance, and the composite solvent of the present application has significantly better performance than methanol. At the same time, it can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3-5 that the composite solvent of terpineol and ethanol has a significantly improved effect compared to ethanol, and the composite solvent of triethyl phosphate and diethylene glycol butyl ether has a significantly improved effect compared to triethyl phosphate or diethylene glycol butyl ether alone, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between terpineol and ethanol, and triethyl phosphate and diethylene glycol butyl ether.

[0103] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0104] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A hole transport layer precursor solution, characterized in that: The invention comprises a self-assembled monolayer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpineol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190-240°C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210-250°C; and the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70-90°C.

2. The hole transport layer precursor solution according to claim 1, wherein The phosphate ester solvent includes trimethyl phosphate and / or triethyl phosphate; And / or, the alcohol ether solvent includes dipropylene glycol butyl ether and / or diethylene glycol butyl ether; And / or, the alcohol solvent includes isopropyl alcohol and / or ethanol.

3. The hole transport layer precursor solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In the composite solvent, the volume proportions of phosphate ester solvent, alcohol ether solvent, alcohol solvent and terpineol are 10%-50%, 40%-80%, 5%-30% and 5%-20% respectively; In the hole transport layer precursor solution, the concentration of the self-assembled monolayer material is 0.1 mg / mL-2 mg / mL.

4. The hole transport layer precursor solution according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The self-assembled monolayer materials include [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [3-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphonic acid, [6-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphonic acid, [1-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphonic acid, [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl ...8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, [8-(3,6-dimethyl-9H 6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphoric acid, [1-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphoric acid, (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphoric acid, [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphoric acid, [4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid, [6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphoric acid, [8-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphoric acid, [4-(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphoric acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphoric acid, [2-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphoric acid, [4-(9H-9'-phenyl-3,3'-dicarbazol-9-yl) Phosphoric acid, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)ethyl]phosphate, [4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)propyl]phosphate, [4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphate, [2-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)ethyl]phosphate, [4-(7H-dibenzocarbazol-7-yl)butyl]phosphate, [3-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl]phosphate, [4-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphate, [6-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphate, [1-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl]phosphate, [2-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl) 9-yl)ethyl] phosphate, [3-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate, [4-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate, [6-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl] phosphate, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl] phosphate, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl] phosphate, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate, [6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl] phosphate, [8-(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl] phosphate, [1-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)methyl] phosphate, [2-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl] phosphate, [3-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl] phosphate, [4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl] phosphate, [6-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)At least one of [6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl]phosphoric acid, [8-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)octyl]phosphoric acid, [2-(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)ethyl]phosphoric acid, [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid and [4-(3,7-dibromo-10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid.

5. A battery assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a substrate and a wet film arranged on one side of the substrate; the wet film comprises a self-assembled monolayer material and a composite solvent; the composite solvent comprises a phosphate ester solvent, an alcohol ether solvent, an alcohol solvent and terpineol; the boiling point of the phosphate ester solvent is 190°C-240°C; the boiling point of the alcohol ether solvent is 210°C-250°C; and the boiling point of the alcohol solvent is 70°C-90°C.

6. The battery assembly according to claim 5, wherein: The battery assembly further includes a protective film disposed on a side of the wet film away from the substrate.

7. A method for preparing a battery assembly, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: coating the hole transport layer precursor solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4 on a substrate to form a wet film.

8. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The hole transport layer comprises a hole transport layer prepared by using the hole transport layer precursor solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or a hole transport layer prepared by using the wet film in the battery component according to any one of claims 5 to 6.

9. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 8, wherein The perovskite solar cell includes a transparent conductive substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a buffer layer and a back electrode that are stacked.

10. An electrical device, characterized in that: Comprising the perovskite solar cell according to claim 8 or 9.

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