Measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A passive (e.g., environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT)) wireless device may receive a continuous wave signal from a radio frequency (RF) source that triggers the passive device to measure the RF signal. Based on an amount of energy stored at the passive device, a received power of the signal, or both, the passive device may perform the measurement and send a report to a reader, which may forward the report to the RF source. Alternatively, the passive device may send a backscatter signal to the reader, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive device cannot perform the measurement, or the passive device may send a request for measurement assistance. The reader may measure a signal strength of the backscatter signal and send a corresponding measurement report to the RF source. Thus, the RF source may adjust its transmit power or trigger the passive device to switch to a different RF source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, including measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0003] Some UEs may perform measurements to perform cell selection or similar mobility procedures. Additionally, passive or low-power wireless devices may perform such measurements to select a radio frequency (RF) source. However, passive wireless devices may store less energy than full-capability UEs and may therefore lack the energy to perform measurements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices. For example, the described technology provides measurement relaxation and assistance for ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices. In some examples, an A-IoT device can receive a continuous wave signal from a radio frequency (RF) source, which triggers the A-IoT device to perform measurements on the signal, such as RF resource management (RRM) measurements. The A-IoT device can perform measurements based on some energy information, and the A-IoT device can send a measurement report indicating the measurements to a reader. In some examples, the reader can forward the measurement report to the RF source so that the RF source can adjust its power based on the measurements. Alternatively, after receiving the continuous wave signal, the A-IoT device can send a backscatter signal to the reader via a backscatter link. The backscatter signal or some explicit indication (e.g., control signaling) can indicate that the A-IoT wireless device cannot perform measurements on the signal transmitted by the RF source. In such cases, the reader can perform a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal and send a measurement report indicating the signal strength measurement to the RF source. Based on the measurement report, the RF source can adjust its power to the A-IoT device, or the A-IoT device can be triggered to switch to a different RF source.

[0005] A method for wireless communication at a passive wireless device is described. The method may include: receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, performing measurements of the signals in the RF resources based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; and transmitting a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, perform measurements of signals in the RF resources based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; and transmit a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; means for performing measurements of the signals in the RF resources in response to receiving the continuous wave signal based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; and means for transmitting a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a passive wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, perform measurements of the signals in the RF resources based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; and transmit a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0009] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a control message from the first wireless device or the second wireless device via a forward link that triggers the passive wireless device to perform measurements on a signal.

[0010] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a message indicating a preference of the passive wireless device to suspend measurement of signals based at least on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device and indicating a reason for suspending the measurement.

[0011] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, skipping measurement of the second signal based at least in part on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device failing to satisfy an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for detecting an increase in an amount of energy stored by a passive wireless device over a first duration; and based on detecting the increase, performing measurements of signals in the RF resource over a second duration.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for detecting a decrease in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device for a first duration; and suspending measurement of signals in the RF resource for a second duration based on detecting the decrease.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a capability message indicating that the passive wireless device supports a first capability for detecting that an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfies an energy storage threshold, a received power level of a continuous wave signal satisfies a received power level threshold, or both.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, performing measurements of signals may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing measurements of a set of multiple signals in an RF resource, where the set of multiple signals may be transmitted by a set of multiple RF source wireless devices including a first wireless device.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a control message from a network node, the control message indicating whether the passive wireless device can perform measurements of a signal transmitted by the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device, wherein the measurements include single measurements or periodic measurements.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a control message via a forward link indicating one or more frequencies on which the passive wireless device may perform measurements.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for selecting, based on the report, a first wireless device or a different RF wireless device operating at the same frequency or a different frequency as the first wireless device as a source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0019] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements of a signal transmitted by the first wireless device.

[0020] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending a request for measurement assistance via a backscatter link.

[0021] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, performing measurements of signals may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing measurements of signals in RF resources based on a distance between the passive wireless device and the first wireless device being shorter than a distance threshold.

[0022] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a sensing reference signal in a sensing resource from a first wireless device; and performing sensing measurements based on the sensing reference signal.

[0023] A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The method may include: transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; receiving a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources; and, based on the report, transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level or transmitting a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF wireless device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

[0024] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; receive a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources; and, based on the report, transmit a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level or transmit a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF wireless device as the source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0025] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: means for transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; means for receiving a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources; and means for transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level or a control message based on the report, the control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF wireless device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

[0026] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: transmit a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; receive a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources; and, based on the report, transmit a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level or transmit a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF wireless device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

[0027] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: based on the report, sending a request to the second wireless device to send a control message to the second wireless device, the control message indicating that the passive wireless device can switch to a different RF radio device as a source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0028] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for transmitting a sensing reference signal in a sensing resource to a passive wireless device, wherein the first wireless device may be associated with a sensing capability.

[0029] A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The method may include: receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on a signal transmitted by a first wireless device; performing a signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal; and sending a report to the first wireless device indicating the signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal.

[0030] An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that a passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on a signal transmitted by a first wireless device; perform a signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal; and transmit a report to the first wireless device indicating the signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal.

[0031] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on a signal transmitted by a first wireless device; means for performing a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal; and means for sending a report to the first wireless device indicating the signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal.

[0032] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that a passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on a signal transmitted by a first wireless device; perform a signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal; and transmit a report to the first wireless device indicating the signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal.

[0033] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the report indicates an identifier of the passive wireless device, a purpose for performing the signal strength measurement, or both.

[0034] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a control message from a network node, the control message enabling a second wireless device to perform a signal strength measurement.

[0035] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for detecting a sensing reference signal, wherein performing a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal may be based on the sensing reference signal.

[0036] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a request for measurement assistance via a backscatter link. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0038] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 3 An example of an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) deployment scenario supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0040] Figure 4 An example of an A-IoT mobility scenario supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 5 and Figure 6 An example of a process flow supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0042] Figure 7 and Figure 8 A block diagram illustrating a device supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 9 A block diagram illustrating a communication manager supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figure 10 A diagram illustrating a system including a device supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 11 and Figure 12 A block diagram illustrating a device supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0046] Figure 13 A block diagram illustrating a communication manager supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0047] Figure 14 A diagram illustrating a system including a device supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0048] Figures 15 to 18 A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices may include ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power passive wireless devices. In addition, A-IoT devices may lack radio frequency (RF) components and may communicate with other wireless devices such as user equipment (UE) and network entities via forward links and backscatter links to collect energy. In some cases, A-IoT devices may be enabled to perform measurements (e.g., radio resource management (RRM) measurements) to select RF sources (also referred to herein as RF resources) for high-quality signal reception and to enable the A-IoT devices to reflect and modulate RF signals back to a reader with sufficient power. However, A-IoT devices may lack sufficient energy (e.g., the energy of a full-capability UE) to perform such measurements, and therefore, A-IoT devices may use a relaxed measurement process based on energy-related criteria.

[0050] The techniques, systems, and devices described herein support measurement relaxation and assistance for A-IoT devices. In some examples, an A-IoT device (e.g., a passive wireless device) may receive a continuous wave signal from an RF source (e.g., a first wireless device) that triggers the A-IoT device to perform measurements, such as RRM measurements. The A-IoT device may perform measurements if the A-IoT device currently has sufficient stored energy (e.g., above a threshold), if the A-IoT device receives the continuous wave signal at a low power level (e.g., below a threshold), or both. If the continuous wave signal is received at a sufficiently high power level, the A-IoT device may skip or stop the measurement, thereby utilizing measurement relaxation techniques. The A-IoT device may send a measurement report to a reader (e.g., a second wireless device) indicating the measurement. In some examples, the reader may forward the measurement report to the RF source so that the RF source can adjust its power based on the measurement.

[0051] Alternatively, after receiving the continuous wave signal from the RF source, the A-IoT device may send a backscatter signal to the reader via the backscatter link. The backscatter signal or an explicit indication (e.g., control signaling) may indicate that the A-IoT wireless device cannot perform measurements on the signal sent by the RF source. For example, if the A-IoT device lacks sufficient energy or if the continuous wave signal has too low power, the A-IoT may not be able to perform measurements. In such cases, the reader may perform a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal and send a measurement report indicating the signal strength measurement to the RF source. Based on the measurement report, the RF source may adjust its power to the A-IoT device, or the A-IoT device may be triggered to switch to a different RF source.

[0052] Various aspects of the subject matter described herein can be implemented to achieve one or more of the following potential improvements, among others. The described techniques employed by wireless devices (e.g., A-IoT devices, RF sources, readers) can improve power efficiency for low-power devices because A-IoT devices can communicate their power requirements via RRM measurement reports or backscatter links. Additionally, the described techniques can reduce power consumption by enabling measurement relaxation techniques for A-IoT devices. Furthermore, the described techniques can reduce hardware, software, and firmware complexity for wireless devices by enabling reader-assisted A-IoT RRM measurements and A-IoT RRM measurements with sensing assistance.

[0053] Aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the present disclosure are then described in the context of A-IoT deployment and mobility scenarios and process flows. Aspects of the present disclosure are also illustrated and described by and with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow diagrams related to measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices.

[0054] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0055] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices that take different forms or have different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network nodes, network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclatures. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., RF access links). For example, the network entities 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may support signal communication based on one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0056] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or both stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices that take different forms or have different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices such as Figure 1 Other UEs 115 or network entities 105 are shown communicating.

[0057] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0058] In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with core network 130, with each other, or both. For example, network entities 105 can communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols), directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to a midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 can be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0059] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home evolved Node B, or other suitable terminology). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in a converged (e.g., monolithic, stand-alone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as the base station 140).

[0060] In some examples, the network entity 105 can be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 can include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, smart radio head, remote radio head (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0061] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of the protocol stack can be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack and DU 165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DUs 165 and RUs 170, such that the DUs 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RUs 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DUs 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between the CU 160 and the DU 165 or between the DU 165 and the RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of a protocol layer may be performed by one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer may be performed by a different one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). The CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., an open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented according to an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that communicate via such communication links.

[0062] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to the core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by the DU 165 of the coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0063] For example, an access network (AN) or RAN may include an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), communications between the IAB node 104 and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connectivity between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, the IAB donor may refer to a RAN node that has a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and the IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., the F1AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be an example of part of a backhaul link) and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., CUs 160 associated with alternative IAB donors) via an Xn-C interface (which may be an example of part of a backhaul link).

[0064] An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, wireless self-backhaul capabilities, etc.). The DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with the IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node that communicates with one or more child nodes (e.g., the IAB donor may relay UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN, the IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Thus, the IAB-MT entity of the IAB node 104 may provide a Uu interface for the child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from the parent IAB node 104, and a DU interface (e.g., DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for the parent IAB node 104 to signal to the child IAB node 104 or the UE 115.

[0065] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communications for child IAB nodes, or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130 (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) and may serve as a parent node for IAB node 104. For example, the DU 165 of the IAB donor may relay transmissions to UE 115 via IAB node 104, or may directly signal the transmissions to UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal the establishment of a communication link to IAB node 104 via the F1 interface, and IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to UE 115) via the DU 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node 104 via signaling via the NR Uu interface of the MT to IAB node 104. Communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communications with the IAB node 104 may be scheduled by the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 .

[0066] Where the techniques described herein are applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0067] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an IoT device, an Internet of Things (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various items such as appliances, vehicles, meters, etc.

[0068] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0069] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link 125 can include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel can carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 can support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between those devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any portion of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0070] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel raster used for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be performed by UE 115 via the carrier, or a carrier may operate in a non-standalone mode, in which case the connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., a different carrier of the same or different radio access technology).

[0071] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from the network entity 105 to the UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from the UE 115 to the network entity 105, or both, among other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry either downlink communications or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode).

[0072] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the "system bandwidth" of the carrier or wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths of carriers of a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 megahertz (MHz), 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). A device of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115, or both) may have a hardware configuration that supports communication using a particular carrier bandwidth, or may be capable of being configured to support communication using one of the set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include a network entity 105 or a UE 115 that supports concurrent communication using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., a subband, a BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0073] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to the resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order of the modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0074] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T s =1 / (Δfmax ·N f ) seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0075] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0076] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a Transmit Time Interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0077] According to various techniques, physical channels may be multiplexed using carriers for communication. Physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed for signaling over downlink carriers, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0078] The network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells (e.g., macro cells, small cells, hotspots, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof). The term "cell" may refer to a logical communication entity used to communicate with the network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID), a virtual cell identifier (VCID), or other cell identifier) ​​used to distinguish between adjacent cells. In some examples, a cell may also refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) on which the logical communication entity operates. Depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105, such cells may range from a smaller area (e.g., a structure, a subset of a structure) to a larger area. For example, a cell may be or may include a building, a subset of a building, or an external space between or overlapping coverage areas 110, etc.

[0079] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have a service subscription with a network provider that supports the macro cell. Small cells may be associated with a lower-power network entity 105 (e.g., a lower-power base station 140) than a macro cell, and the small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency band as the macro cell. A small cell may provide unrestricted access to UEs 115 that have a service subscription with the network provider, or may provide restricted access to UEs 115 associated with the small cell (e.g., a UE 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG), a UE 115 associated with a user in a home or office). A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also use one or more component carriers to support communications via the one or more cells.

[0080] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)) that may provide access to different types of devices.

[0081] In some examples, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) can be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0082] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or acquire information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0083] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ an operating mode that reduces power consumption, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not transmit and receive concurrently). In some examples, half-duplex communication may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for UEs 115 include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communications, operating using limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a guard band of a carrier, or outside a carrier.

[0084] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms "ultra-reliable", "low latency" and "ultra-reliable low latency" are used interchangeably herein.

[0085] In some examples, a UE 115 can be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group performing D2D communication can be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which can support aspects of such D2D communication configured by the network entity 105 (e.g., scheduled by the network entity). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group can be outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105 or can otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication can support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0086] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP services 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0087] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands that can range from 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which can be referred to as clusters), but these waves can penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to a UE 115 located indoors. Communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and a shorter range (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) than communication using the lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0088] The wireless communication system 100 can utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ license assisted access (LAA), LTE unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands can be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in combination with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operations using unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0089] A network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panels may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0090] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals communicated via antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0091] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. The RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly for communication via logical channels. The MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer may also implement error detection, error correction, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer may provide for the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 or core network 130 for radio bearers supporting user plane data. The PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.

[0092] In some examples, a UE 115 in an RRC connected state may perform measurements for connected mode mobility procedures (e.g., RRM). Some measurement types to be performed by a UE 115 in a connected state may include intra-frequency NR measurements, inter-frequency NR measurements, inter-RAT measurements for E-UTRA, and inter-RAT measurements for UTRA. For each measurement type, the network node 105 may define and configure one or more measurement objects (e.g., RF sources). In some examples, when in an RRC idle or inactive state, the UE 115 may also perform certain measurements (e.g., NR intra-frequency and NR inter-frequency measurements) in accordance with cell selection or cell reselection rules.

[0093] The network node 105 may configure whether measurement relaxation is enabled for the UE 115. In some cases, measurement relaxation may be based on the network node 105 configuring specific parameters for the UE 115 (e.g., relaxedMeasurement, highPriorityMeasRelax), the location of the UE 115 (e.g., relative to a cell edge), the mobility of the UE 115, or any combination thereof. The network node 105 may signal the relaxation criteria for the RRC connected, idle, or inactive states in system information or dedicated control signaling. In addition, the UE 115 may have the capability to support measurement relaxation techniques.

[0094] In some examples, the UE 115 or a reduced capability (e.g., low complexity, low power) wireless device may use a measurement relaxation mechanism to relax such measurements for the connected mode mobility procedure. The reduced capability device may include an A-IoT device, which may be an ultra-low complexity and ultra-low power passive wireless device that provides significantly less complexity and power consumption than full capability eMTC and NB-IoT devices. Some A-IoT devices (e.g., Type A devices) may lack a battery and, therefore, may lack energy storage capabilities. Some other A-IoT devices (e.g., Type B devices) may be devices with energy storage that is up to an amount available from an ambient source via energy harvesting and may not require manual replacement or recharging.

[0095] Because A-IoT devices can be passive wireless devices, they may lack active RF components. Therefore, the A-IoT device can receive energy for operation from the incoming RF signal and can modulate the reflection coefficient of its antenna to backscatter the information signal to the reader. In some cases, the A-IoT device can perform measurements in different RRC states (e.g., connected, idle, inactive, or stateless). The A-IoT device can perform such measurements to select an RF source that can provide high-quality signal reception, so that the A-IoT device can reflect and modulate the RF signal to the reader with sufficient power. When the A-IoT device is in the RRC connected state, the measurement can be an RRM measurement based on the measObject parameter, or when the A-IoT device is in the RRC idle or inactive state, the measurement can be used for cell selection or cell reselection. In some examples, the A-IoT wireless device may lack sufficient energy to perform measurements (e.g., may lack sufficient energy to perform RRM measurements that UE 115 may perform) and may therefore benefit from relaxing the measurement based on power consumption criteria. For example, RF identification (RFID) devices may have a limited read range (e.g., several meters), making it difficult to support large-scale deployments with sufficient coverage. Therefore, ambient power-enabled IoT technologies as described herein can be utilized to improve RFID device functionality.

[0096] The wireless communication system 100 may support measurement relaxation and assistance techniques for A-IoT devices. In some examples, an A-IoT device (e.g., a passive wireless device) may receive a continuous wave signal from an RF source (e.g., a first wireless device), which triggers the A-IoT device to perform measurements on the signal, such as RRM measurements. The A-IoT device may perform measurements based on some energy information, and the A-IoT device may send a measurement report indicating the measurements to a reader (e.g., a second wireless device). In some examples, the reader may forward the measurement report to the RF source so that the RF source can adjust its power based on the measurements. Alternatively, after receiving the continuous wave signal, the A-IoT device may send a backscatter signal to the reader via a backscatter link. The backscatter signal or an explicit indication (e.g., control signaling) may indicate that the A-IoT wireless device cannot perform measurements on the signal sent by the RF source. In such cases, the reader may perform a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal and send a measurement report indicating the signal strength measurement to the RF source. Based on the measurement report, the RF source can adjust its power to the A-IoT device, or the A-IoT device can be triggered to switch to a different RF source.

[0097] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the wireless communication system 200 may include an A-IoT device 205 (e.g., a passive wireless device, an A-IoT UE), an RF source 210, and a reader 215. The RF source 210 and the reader 215 may assist the A-IoT device 205 in relaxing measurements, or may assist the A-IoT in performing measurements based on a certain power or energy standard (e.g., RRM measurements).

[0098] The wireless communication system 200 may support communication between an A-IoT device 205, an RF source 210 (e.g., an RF transmitter), and a reader 215. In some examples, the RF source 210 and the reader 215 may be devices such as the UE 115 and the network entity 105, as described herein with reference to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The A-IoT device 205, the RF source 210, and the reader 215 may communicate via a communication link 220, which may be a communication link described herein. Figure 11 and 2. The examples of communication links 125 are described above. For example, A-IoT device 205 can communicate with RF source 210 via communication link 220-a, which can be an example of a forward link carrying control signaling. Additionally, A-IoT device 205 can communicate with reader 215 via communication link 220-b, which can be an example of a backscatter link carrying data. In some examples, RF source 210 and reader 215 can communicate via communication link 220-c, which can be an example of a Uu link.

[0099] The A-IoT device 205 may receive a continuous wave signal 225 from the RF source 210 via the communication link 220-a (forward link). Receiving the continuous wave signal 225 from the RF source 210 may trigger the A-IoT device 205 to perform measurements (e.g., RRM measurements) on signals (e.g., RF signals) transmitted by the RF source 210 or the reader 215 in the RF resource when certain conditions (e.g., received power level or energy state of the A-IoT device 205) are met. Thus, the continuous wave signal 225 may implicitly trigger the A-IoT device 205 to perform measurements. In addition, the A-IoT device 205 may obtain an RF resource identifier from the continuous wave signal.

[0100] Alternatively, the A-IoT device 205 may be triggered to perform measurements based on an indication in explicit signaling (e.g., control signaling) via a forward link from the RF source 210 or the reader 215. That is, the A-IoT device 205 may receive a control message from the RF source 210 or the reader 215 that triggers the A-IoT device 205 to perform measurements on the signal.

[0101] The A-IoT device 205 can perform measurements based on conditions in response to receiving the continuous wave signal 225. For example, the A-IoT device 205 can perform measurements if the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 205 meets (e.g., is above) an energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal 225 meets (e.g., is below) a received power level threshold, or both. The RRM measurement of the signal can measure different characteristics of the RF source 210 that can provide energy to the A-IoT device 205.

[0102] In some examples, the A-IoT device may indicate to the RF source 210 or reader 215 its preference to stop (e.g., pause, freeze) RRM measurements. That is, the A-IoT device may send a message indicating its preference to pause measurement of RF signals based on the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 205. For example, if the A-IoT device 205 lacks sufficient energy to perform the measurement, the A-IoT device 205 may be more inclined to stop the measurement. In some examples, the message may be an example of auxiliary information including a multi-bit bitmap indicating a preference to pause the measurement and a reason for pausing the measurement. The reason may be indicated via a "measurement stop reason" indication using one or more bits. In addition, different stop reasons may result in different behaviors. For example, if the "measurement stop reason" indicates a lack of energy at the A-IoT device 205, the RF source 210 may increase the signal power of the continuous wave signal 225. Based on the implementation in the wireless communication system 200, the A-IoT device 205 may determine whether to resume the measurement when sufficient energy becomes available.

[0103] As described herein, the A-IoT device may perform measurements based on consideration of energy status (e.g., stored energy, increase and decrease in energy), received signal strength of the continuous wave signal 225, or both. Based on the energy status, the A-IoT device 205 may relax or stop performing measurements. For example, if the A-IoT device 205 receives a trigger to perform measurements from the RF source 210 or the reader 215, and if the amount of energy stored at the A-IoT device 205 is large enough, if the received continuous wave signal 225 lacks sufficient power, or both, the A-IoT device 205 may perform normal RRM measurements of the RF signal. Otherwise, the A-IoT device 205 may apply measurement relaxation techniques for power conservation purposes.

[0104] In some examples, if the stored energy of the A-IoT device is above an energy storage threshold, the A-IoT device may be allowed to perform RRM measurements in a corresponding SSB-based measurement timing configuration (SMTC). Otherwise, the A-IoT device 205 may skip the measurement because the A-IoT device 205 may lack the energy to perform the measurement. Alternatively, if the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the continuous wave signal 225 is above a received power level threshold (e.g., high enough), the A-IoT device 205 may skip the measurement object (e.g., RF source) for a duration T, or may evaluate measurement relaxation criteria. In some examples, the network node 105 may configure a duration T in which the A-IoT device 205 may skip the SMTC, or the network node 105 may relax the configuration for RRM for T. seaechDeltaP and S searchDeltaPOtherwise, the A-IoT device 205 can perform RRM measurements as described herein, which indicates that the current signal strength of the serving RF source 210 may not meet the requirements of the A-IoT device 205. In this manner, in response to receiving the continuous wave signal 225, the A-IoT device 205 can skip measuring the second signal (e.g., the second RF source signal) based on the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 205 failing to meet (e.g., falling below) the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal 225 failing to meet (e.g., rising above) the received power level threshold, or both.

[0105] In some examples, the A-IoT device 205 may detect an increase or decrease in its energy state. For example, if the A-IoT device 205 detects an increase in energy S1 during duration T1, the A-IoT device 205 may perform RRM measurements. Otherwise, the A-IoT device 205 may stop measuring for duration T2. ​​That is, the A-IoT device 205 may detect an increase in the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 205 within a first duration (e.g., T1), and based on detecting the increase, perform measurements of signals in the RF resources for a second duration (e.g., T2). Alternatively, the A-IoT device 205 may detect an energy decrease S2 in duration T3, and therefore may stop measuring for duration T4. That is, the A-IoT device 205 may detect a decrease in the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 205 within a first duration (e.g., T3), and based on detecting the decrease, suspend measurements of signals in the RF resources for a second duration (e.g., T4).

[0106] Whether the A-IoT device 205 supports performing measurements based on energy status or based on the signal strength of the received continuous wave signal 225 can be a separate capability. In addition, the capabilities of each A-IoT device 205 (or each UE 115) can have frequency range differences (e.g., per frequency band, per frequency band combination). The A-IoT device 205 can send a capability message indicating that the A-IoT device 205 supports a first capability to detect that the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 205 meets (e.g., is greater than) an energy storage threshold, that the received power level of the continuous wave signal 225 meets (e.g., is less than) a received power level threshold, or both.

[0107] In some examples, the A-IoT device 205 can measure RF signals using a reduced list of neighboring RF sources. That is, the A-IoT device 205 can perform measurements of RF signals transmitted from a subset of the neighboring RF source list. For example, the A-IoT device 205 can perform measurements of a set of multiple signals (e.g., continuous wave signal 225, RF signal) in RF resources, where the set of multiple signals is transmitted by a set of multiple RF sources including RF source 210. In some cases, the A-IoT device 205 can evaluate received continuous wave signals in a subset of the RF resource list for RRM measurements.

[0108] In some cases, the list of RF sources may be configured in control signaling, such as, for example, in system information or via dedicated RRC signaling. Additionally, the reader 215, which may be a network node 105 or a UE 115, may configure or indicate which neighboring RF source the A-IoT device 205 may perform measurements for. In some cases, the network node 105 or the UE 115 may configure different values ​​for the A-IoT specific SMTC window and the corresponding window periodicity. The A-IoT device 205 may perform single or periodic measurements on the RF sources indicated in the network configuration. In this way, the A-IoT device 205 may receive a control message from the network node 105 (which may be a reader 215) indicating whether the A-IoT device 205 will perform measurements on signals transmitted by the RF source 210 or by different RF wireless devices, wherein the measurements may include single measurements or periodic measurements.

[0109] In some examples, the A-IoT device 205 may receive signaling via a forward link (e.g., communication link 220-a) indicating which frequencies the A-IoT device 205 will measure RF signals. RRM measurements in the frequency domain may be relaxed, where relaxed measurement techniques may include intra-frequency measurements, inter-frequency measurements, inter-RAT measurements, or any combination thereof, all of which may be configured by the network node 105 via control signaling.

[0110] Based on performing measurements of one or more RF signals, the A-IoT device 205 may send a measurement report 230 indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resource to the reader 215 via a backscatter link (e.g., communication link 220-b). The reader 215 may send a forwarded measurement report 235 (e.g., forwarded measurement report 230) to the RF source 210 via communication link 220-c. Based on the measurements indicated in the forwarded measurement report 235, the RF source 210 may adjust its signal power to accommodate the requirements of the A-IoT device 205.

[0111] In some examples, the A-IoT device 205 may be unable to measure the RF signal (e.g., based on whether the A-IoT device 205 has a battery), and therefore, the A-IoT device 205 may request the reader 215 to assist (e.g., help) the A-IoT device 205 in performing the measurement. In some cases, after receiving the continuous wave signal 225 from the RF source 210, the A-IoT device 205 may indicate via one or more backscattered signals (e.g., by backscattering the continuous wave signal from the RF source to the reader) that it is unable to perform RRM measurements of the RF signal. The A-IoT device 205 may backscatter the continuous wave signal by modulating the continuous wave signal or performing other operations on the continuous wave signal. The A-IoT device 205 may transmit a backscattered signal 240 via a backscatter link (e.g., communication link 220-b) indicating that the A-IoT device 205 is unable to perform RRM measurements of the signal transmitted by the RF source 210.

[0112] In response to receiving the backscatter signal 240, the reader 215 may perform a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal 240. In this way, the A-IoT device 205 may reflect the RF signal received from the RF source 210 to the reader 215 together with the coefficient to provide an implicit indication that the A-IoT device 205 is unable to perform RRM measurements at the current time. If the strength of the backscatter signal 240 is sufficiently strong (e.g., meets a threshold), the reader 215 may determine that the power of the RF signal transmitted by the RF source 210 is sufficient. Alternatively, even if the A-IoT device 205 itself is capable of performing RRM measurements, the A-IoT device 205 may send an explicit request for measurement assistance to the reader 215. That is, in some cases, the A-IoT device 205 may send an explicit request for measurement assistance via the backscatter link. In this manner, if the reader 215 receives an implicit indication or an explicit request for measurement assistance from the A-IoT device 205 , the reader 215 may determine to assist the A-IoT device 205 in performing RRM measurements.

[0113] In the case of a reader-assisted A-IoT RRM measurement, the reader 215 may measure the signal strength of the backscattered signal. The measured backscattered signal strength may be relatively equivalent to the strength of the continuous wave signal 225 received by the A-IoT device 205, since the backscattered signal 240 is a reflection of the continuous wave signal 225. The signal strength measurement report 245 indicates the signal strength of the backscattered signal 240, which may be different from the RRM measurement results from the A-IoT device 205 itself. In other words, the RRM measurement performed by the A-IoT device 205 is intended to allow the A-IoT device 205 to measure the RF source 210 in a given frequency band, which is different from the signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal. Both measurements can assist the A-IoT device 205 in utilizing a more suitable RF radio from which to harvest energy.

[0114] When reader 215 completes the signal strength measurement of backscatter signal 240, reader 215 reports the measurement result to RF source 210 to assist A-IoT device 205 in selecting an improved RF source 210. That is, reader 215 may send a signal strength measurement report 245 to RF source 210 indicating the signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal. In some examples, signal strength measurement report 245 may include an identifier of A-IoT device 205 in addition to the measurement result. Additionally or alternatively, signal strength measurement report 245 may indicate the purpose of the RRM measurement in addition to the measurement result. For example, the purpose may be to assist A-IoT device 205. In some examples, whether reader 215 can assist A-IoT device 205 in the RRM measurement may be based on network configuration. For example, reader 215 may receive a control message from network node 105 that enables reader 215 to perform the signal strength measurement of backscatter signal 240, thereby enabling measurement assistance for A-IoT device 205.

[0115] In response to receiving the signal strength measurement report 245 from the reader 215, the RF source 210 may perform one of several actions associated with measurement assistance to the A-IoT device 205. In some examples, the RF source 210 may increase the power (e.g., signal strength, RF power) of the RF signal it transmits to the A-IoT device 205. For example, the RF source 210 may transmit a second continuous wave signal to the A-IoT device 205 at an increased power level based on the signal strength measurement report 245. Alternatively, the RF source 210 may assist the A-IoT device 205 in switching to another RF source. For example, the RF source 210 may transmit control signaling to the A-IoT device 205 based on the signal strength measurement report 245, the control signaling instructing the A-IoT device 205 to switch to a different RF radio as the source for continuous wave transmission. Alternatively, the RF source 210 may transmit a request to the reader 215 informing the A-IoT device 205 to switch to another RF source. That is, the RF source 210 may send a request to the reader 215 to send a control message based on the signal strength measurement report 245, instructing the A-IoT device 205 to switch to a different RF radio as the source for continuous wave signal transmission. Therefore, the A-IoT device 205 may select the RF source 210 or a different RF source (e.g., an RF radio) operating at the same frequency or a different frequency as the RF source 210 as the source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0116] Whether the A-IoT device 205 needs to perform RRM measurements may be related to the signal strength received from the RF source 210 (e.g., a serving RF source), which may be affected by the distance between the RF source 210 and the A-IoT device 205. Therefore, when performing RRM measurements, the A-IoT device 205 may consider sensing measurements, where the network node 105 may separately configure sensing resources (for performing sensing measurements) and RF resources (for performing RRM measurements). If the criteria for the sensing results are not met, the A-IoT device 205 may perform RRM measurements. Otherwise, the A-IoT device 205 may relax or stop (e.g., pause) the RRM measurements. For example, the A-IoT device 205 may avoid performing intra-frequency measurements. The criterion may be defined as the distance between the A-IoT device 205 or the reader 215 and the RF source 210 being shorter than a distance threshold, where the distance threshold may be notified by system information. In this manner, the A-IoT device 205 may perform measurements of RF signals in the RF resource based on the distance between the A-IoT device 205 and the RF source 210 being shorter than a distance threshold.

[0117] In some cases, which wireless device measures sensing may depend on the role of each wireless device in the RRM measurement. For example, the RF source 210 may send a sensing reference signal along with the RF signal (e.g., continuous wave signal 225) via a forward link, and the A-IoT device 205 may measure the sensing reference signal from the RF source 210. That is, the A-IoT device 205 may receive the sensing reference signal from the RF source 210 in the sensing resource, and the A-IoT device 205 may perform sensing measurements based on the sensing reference signal. Alternatively, sensing assistance may be applied to reader-assisted RRM measurements. For example, the reader 215 may detect the sensing reference signal and determine, based on the sensing measurement, to assist the A-IoT device 205 in performing RRM measurements. That is, the reader 215 may detect the sensing reference signal, wherein performing a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal may be based on the sensing reference signal. In some examples, the A-IoT device 205 and the RF source 210 may have sensing capabilities to perform sensing measurements as described herein.

[0118] Figure 3 An example of an A-IoT deployment scenario 300 supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the A-IoT deployment scenario 300 can be implemented by a wireless communication system 305, each of which can include a UE 115, a network node 105 (e.g., a gNB), an A-IoT device, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the wireless communication system 305 can support measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for A-IoT devices in static scenarios based on signals communicated between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 with the A-IoT device (e.g., an A-IoT UE), where the UE 115 and the network entity 105 can act as a reader or an RF source (e.g., an RF transmitter).

[0119] The wireless communication system 305-a can support a single-station deployment scenario for an A-IoT wireless device, where a full-duplex network node 105 or UE 115 can serve as both a reader and RF source for the A-IoT device. The full-duplex network node 105 and the full-duplex UE 115 can simultaneously transmit or receive uplink or downlink communications.

[0120] The network node 105 or UE 115 can communicate with the A-IoT wireless device via a forward link (FL) and a backscatter link (BL). The forward link can carry control signaling from the network node 105 or UE 115 to the A-IoT device, and the backscatter link can carry data from the A-IoT device to the network node 105 or UE 115. In some examples, the network node 105 or UE 115 can send a continuous wave (CW) signal to the A-IoT device via the forward link. The CW signal can be used as a carrier signal for backscatter communication, wherein the CW signal can implicitly or explicitly indicate an RF source identifier. In other words, the CW signal can provide RF energy to the A-IoT device.

[0121] The wireless communication systems 305-b, 305-c, 305-d, and 305-e can support dual-station deployment scenarios for A-IoT wireless devices, where a half-duplex network node 105 or UE 115 can serve as a reader or RF source for the A-IoT device in each wireless communication system 305. The half-duplex network node 105 and the half-duplex UE 115 can communicate uplink or downlink at any given time. The wireless communication systems 305-b, 305-c, 305-d, and 305-e can support half-duplex network nodes 105 and half-duplex UEs 115 communicating with each other via a Uu link. In addition, the network entities 105 and UEs 115 in the wireless communication systems 305-b, 305-c, 305-d, and 305-e can act as RF sources or readers for the A-IoT device and can communicate with the A-IoT device via a forward link, a backscatter link, or both.

[0122] In wireless communication system 305-b, the A-IoT device may receive a continuous wave signal from network node 105 via a forward link, and the A-IoT device may transmit a backscatter signal via a backscatter link to UE 115. In wireless communication system 305-c, the A-IoT device may receive a continuous wave signal from network node 105 and may also receive a forward link transmission from UE 115. The A-IoT device may transmit a backscatter signal via a backscatter link to UE 115. Thus, in wireless communication systems 305-b and 305-c, network entity 105 may function as an RF source, and UE 115 may function as a reader.

[0123] In wireless communication system 305-d, the A-IoT device may receive a continuous wave signal from UE 115 via a forward link, and the A-IoT device may send a backscatter signal to network node 105 via a backscatter link. In wireless communication system 305-e, the A-IoT device may receive a continuous wave signal from UE 115 and may receive a signal from network node 105 via a forward link. The A-IoT device may send a backscatter signal to network node 105 via a backscatter link. Thus, in wireless communication systems 305-d and 305-e, network entity 105 may function as a reader, and UE 115 may function as an RF source.

[0124] In some examples, in response to receiving a continuous wave signal from an RF source, an A-IoT device in the wireless communication system 305 may perform measurements (e.g., RRM measurements) on a signal transmitted by the RF source or reader based on satisfying certain energy criteria (e.g., RRM measurements). For example, if the continuous wave signal is received at a low power level (e.g., below a power level threshold) or if the A-IoT has sufficient stored energy, the A-IoT device may perform the measurements. In some examples, the A-IoT may send a report of the measurements via a backscatter link. Alternatively, if the A-IoT device lacks the ability to perform the measurements, the A-IoT device may send an explicit indication to the reader via the backscatter link to perform measurement assistance.

[0125] Figure 4 An example of an A-IoT mobility scenario 400 supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some examples, the A-IoT mobility scenario 400 can be implemented by a wireless communication system 405, each of which can include a UE 115, a network node 105 (e.g., a gNB), and an A-IoT device. In some examples, the wireless communication system 405 can support measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for the A-IoT device in the mobility scenario based on signals communicated between the UE 115 and the network entity 105 with the A-IoT device (e.g., an A-IoT UE), where the UE 115 and the network entity 105 can act as a reader or an RF source (e.g., an RF transmitter).

[0126] In some cases, the wireless communication systems 405-a, 405-b, and 405-c may include a network node 105 and multiple UEs 115 communicating with each other via a Uu link. In some cases, the network entity 105 may support two coverage areas (e.g., downlink or uplink coverage) so that an A-IoT device can switch between multiple UEs 115 within the respective coverage areas. The entity of the reader or RF source in the wireless communication system 405 may be a UE 115 or a network node 105 (e.g., a gNB), which may be paired for a forward link (FL) or a backscatter link (BL).

[0127] In the wireless communication system 405-a, a UE 115 acting as an RF source may transmit a continuous wave (CW) signal to an A-IoT device via a forward link, and the A-IoT device may transmit a backscatter signal to a network node 105 via a backscatter link, with the network node 105 acting as a reader. That is, the A-IoT device may receive a continuous wave signal (e.g., an RF signal) from the UE 115 (RF source) and reflect and modulate the continuous wave signal to the network node (reader), or in some cases, to another UE 115. In such cases, the A-IoT device may switch RF sources (e.g., from a first UE 115 in a first coverage area to a second UE 115 in a second coverage area), but may continue to communicate with the same reader (e.g., the network node 105).

[0128] In wireless communication system 405-b, network node 105 acting as an RF source may transmit a continuous wave signal (e.g., an RF signal) to an A-IoT device via a forward link, and the A-IoT device may transmit a backscatter signal to UE 115 via a backscatter link, with UE 115 acting as a reader. That is, the A-IoT device may receive a continuous wave signal from network node 105 (RF source) or, in some cases, from UE 115, and reflect the continuous wave signal to another UE 115 (e.g., a reader). In such a case, the A-IoT device may switch readers (e.g., from a first UE 115 in a first coverage area to a second UE 115 in a second coverage area), but may continue to receive RF signals from the same RF source (e.g., network node 105).

[0129] In wireless communication system 405-c, UE 115 acting as an RF source may transmit a continuous wave signal (e.g., an RF signal) to an A-IoT device via a forward link, and the A-IoT device may transmit a backscatter signal via a backscatter link to a network node 105, with the network node 105 acting as a reader. In some examples, the A-IoT device may switch between both the RF source and the reader (e.g., from a first UE 115 and a first network node 105 in a first coverage area to a second UE 115 and a second network node 105 in a second coverage area).

[0130] In some examples, in response to receiving a continuous wave signal from an RF source, an A-IoT device in the wireless communication system 405 may perform measurements (e.g., RRM measurements) of a signal transmitted by an RF source or reader based on meeting certain energy criteria. For example, if the continuous wave signal is received at a low power level (e.g., below a power level threshold) or if the A-IoT has sufficient stored energy (e.g., above a threshold), the A-IoT device may perform the measurement. In some examples, the A-IoT may send a report of the measurement via a backscatter link. Alternatively, if the A-IoT device lacks the ability to perform the measurement, the A-IoT device may send an explicit indication to the reader via the backscatter link to perform measurement assistance.

[0131] Figure 5 An example process flow 500 is illustrated for supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 500 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100 and the wireless communication system 200, or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication system 100 and the wireless communication system 200. For example, the process flow 500 may illustrate operations between an A-IoT device 505 (e.g., a passive wireless device), an RF source 510 (e.g., a first wireless device), and a reader 515 (e.g., a second wireless device), which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the A-IoT device 505, the RF source 510, and the reader 515 may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or the operations performed by the A-IoT device 505, the RF source 510, and the reader 515 may be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500.

[0132] At 520, the A-IoT device 505 may receive a continuous wave signal from the RF source 510 via a forward link. The continuous wave signal may be an RF signal transmitted at a certain power level. The continuous wave signal may trigger the A-IoT device 505 to perform measurements (e.g., RRM measurements) on signals (e.g., RF signals) transmitted by the RF source 510 or the reader 515 in the RF resource.

[0133] At 525, the A-IoT device 505 may check energy standards to determine whether to perform measurements. For example, the A-IoT device 505 may check energy status information, such as the amount of energy stored at the A-IoT device 505 and the received power level associated with the continuous wave signal.

[0134] At 530, the A-IoT device 505 may, in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, perform measurements of the signal in the RF resource based on whether the amount of energy stored by the A-IoT device 505 satisfies (e.g., is above) an energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfies (e.g., is below) a received power level threshold, or both. If neither of these criteria is met, the A-IoT device 505 may request a shutdown as described in reference to the example of FIG. 5 , due to inability of the A-IoT device 505 itself, or due to other reasons based on the implementation of the A-IoT device 505 (such as lack of energy or received power level below a threshold). Figure 6 The described measurement aid.

[0135] At 535, the A-IoT device 505 may send a report indicating the measurement of the signal in the RF measurement to the reader 515 via the backscatter link. At 540, the reader 515 may send (e.g., forward) the measurement report to the RF source 510. Based on the measurement report, the RF source 510 may determine whether to adjust its transmit power level to better accommodate the A-IoT device 505.

[0136] Figure 6An example of a process flow 600 for supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The process flow 600 may implement aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200, or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communication systems 100 and 200. For example, the process flow 600 may illustrate operations between an A-IoT device 605 (e.g., a passive wireless device), an RF source 610 (e.g., a first wireless device), and a reader 615 (e.g., a second wireless device), which may be examples of corresponding devices described herein. In the following description of the process flow 600, the operations between the A-IoT device 605, the RF source 610, and the reader 615 may be sent in an order different from the example order shown, or the operations performed by the A-IoT device 605, the RF source 610, and the reader 615 may be performed in a different order or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 600, and other operations may be added to the process flow 600.

[0137] At 620 , the A-IoT device 605 may receive a continuous wave signal from the RF source 610 via a forward link, which triggers the A-IoT device 605 to perform measurements (e.g., RRM measurements) on signals (e.g., RF signals) sent by the RF source 610 in the RF resources.

[0138] At 625, the reader 615 may receive a backscatter signal from the A-IoT device 605 via the backscatter link, indicating that the A-IoT device 605 is unable to perform measurements on the signal transmitted by the RF source 610. In some examples, the inability may be based on the A-IoT device 605 lacking sufficient stored energy or the RF source 610 transmitting a continuous wave signal at a relatively low power (which fails to meet a threshold). In other cases, the inability may be based on the implementation of the A-IoT device 605 causing the A-IoT device 605 to refrain from performing measurements. Additionally or alternatively, the reader 615 may receive an explicit request for measurement assistance from the A-IoT device 605, even if the A-IoT device 605 is able to perform measurements.

[0139] At 630, the reader 615 may perform a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal. In some cases, the reader 615 may measure the signal strength of the backscattered signal based on the coefficients utilized by the A-IoT device 605 to reflect the received continuous wave signal to the reader 615. The measurement may indicate whether the A-IoT device 605 has sufficient power from the RF source 610.

[0140] At 635, the reader 615 may send a measurement report to the RF source 610 indicating a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal. Based on the measurement report, the RF source 610 may perform an action. For example, the RF source 610 may increase the RF power of its continuous wave signal transmission. Alternatively, the RF source 610 may send control signaling instructing the A-IoT device 605 to switch from the RF source 610 to a different RF radio as the source for continuous wave signal transmission. Alternatively, the RF source 610 may send an indication to the reader 615 indicating that the reader 615 will signal the A-IoT device 605 to switch to a different RF radio.

[0141] Figure 7 A block diagram 700 illustrates a device 705 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a passive wireless device as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communication manager 720. The device 705 may also include one or more processors, a memory coupled to the one or more processors, and instructions stored in the memory that are executable by the one or more processors to enable the one or more processors to perform the measurement reporting and assistance features discussed herein. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0142] The receiver 710 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices). The information may be passed to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0143] The transmitter 715 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels associated with measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices, data channels, information channels), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with the receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0144] The communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0145] In some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof can be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware can include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0146] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described herein), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0147] In some examples, the communication manager 720 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communication manager 720 can receive information from the receiver 710, transmit information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0148] The communication manager 720 can support wireless communications at a passive wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 720 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device that triggers the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device. The communication manager 720 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements of signals in RF resources in response to receiving the continuous wave signal based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both. The communication manager 720 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0149] By including or configuring the communication manager 720 according to examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communication manager 720, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) can support measurement assistance and relaxation techniques for passive wireless devices, which can reduce power consumption and reduce hardware, software, and firmware complexity.

[0150] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 illustrates a device 805 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 can be an example of aspects of the device 705 or UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0151] The receiver 810 may provide means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices). The information may be passed to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a group of multiple antennas.

[0152] The transmitter 815 may provide means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels associated with measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices, data channels, information channels), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with the receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.

[0153] Device 805 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, communication manager 820 may include continuous wave signal component 825, measurement component 830, reporting component 835, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 820 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 820 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, communication manager 820 may receive information from receiver 810, transmit information to transmitter 815, or be integrated with receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0154] The communication manager 820 can support wireless communications at a passive wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The continuous wave signal component 825 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device that triggers the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in the RF resources by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device. The measurement component 830 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements of signals in the RF resources in response to receiving the continuous wave signal based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both. The reporting component 835 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a report indicating measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0155] In some cases, the continuous wave signal component 825, the measurement component 830, and the reporting component 835 can each be a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, a radio processor, a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) or at least a portion of a processor. The processor can be coupled to a memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the continuous wave signal component 825, the measurement component 830, and the reporting component 835 discussed herein. The transceiver processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operation of) the transceiver of the device. The radio processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operation of) the radio component of the device (e.g., an NR radio component, an LTE radio component, a Wi-Fi radio component). The transmitter processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operation of) the transmitter of the device. The receiver processor can be co-located with and / or communicate with (e.g., direct the operation of) the receiver of the device.

[0156] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 illustrates a communication manager 920 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 920 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 720, the communication manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communication manager 920 or its various components can be examples of means for performing various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920 can include a continuous wave signal component 925, a measurement component 930, a reporting component 935, a triggering component 940, an energy component 945, a capability component 950, an RF source selection component 955, a backscatter signal component 960, a request component 965, a sensing component 970, or any combination thereof. Each of these components can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0157] The communication manager 920 can support wireless communications at a passive wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The continuous wave signal component 925 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device that triggers the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in the RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device. The measurement component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements of signals in the RF resources in response to receiving the continuous wave signal based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both. The reporting component 935 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a report indicating measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0158] In some examples, triggering component 940 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a control message from the first wireless device or the second wireless device via a forward link that triggers the passive wireless device to perform measurements on the signal.

[0159] In some examples, measurement component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a message indicating a preference of the passive wireless device to suspend measurement of signals based at least on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device and indicating a reason for suspending measurement.

[0160] In some examples, measurement component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for skipping measurement of the second signal in response to receiving the continuous wave signal based at least in part on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device failing to satisfy an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both.

[0161] In some examples, energy component 945 can be configured as or otherwise support means for detecting an increase in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device for a first duration. In some examples, measurement component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements of signals in the RF resources for a second duration based on detecting the increase.

[0162] In some examples, energy component 945 can be configured as or otherwise support means for detecting a decrease in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device for a first duration. In some examples, measurement component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for suspending measurement of signals in the RF resources for a second duration based on detecting the decrease.

[0163] In some examples, capability component 950 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a capability message indicating that the passive wireless device supports a first capability for detecting that an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfies an energy storage threshold, a received power level of a continuous wave signal satisfies a received power level threshold, or both.

[0164] In some examples, to support performing measurements on signals, measurement component 930 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements on a set of multiple signals in an RF resource, where the set of multiple signals is transmitted by a set of multiple RF source wireless devices including the first wireless device.

[0165] In some examples, the measuring component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a control message from a network node indicating whether the passive wireless device is to perform measurements of signals transmitted by the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device, wherein the measurements include single measurements or periodic measurements.

[0166] In some examples, measuring component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a control message via a forward link indicating one or more frequencies on which the passive wireless device is to perform measurements.

[0167] In some examples, RF source selection component 955 can be configured as or otherwise support means for selecting the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device operating at the same frequency or a different frequency as the first wireless device as a source for continuous wave signaling based on the report.

[0168] In some examples, backscatter signal component 960 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a backscatter signal via a backscatter link indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on signals transmitted by the first wireless device.

[0169] In some examples, requesting component 965 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a request for measurement assistance via a backscatter link.

[0170] In some examples, to support performing measurements on the signal, measurement component 930 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements on the signal in the RF resource based on the distance between the passive wireless device and the first wireless device being less than a distance threshold.

[0171] In some examples, sensing component 970 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a sensing reference signal in a sensing resource from a first wireless device. In some examples, sensing component 970 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing sensing measurements based on the sensing reference signal.

[0172] In some cases, the continuous wave signal component 925, the measurement component 930, the reporting component 935, the triggering component 940, the energy component 945, the capability component 950, the RF source selection component 955, the backscatter signal component 960, the request component 965, and the sensing component 970 can each be a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, a radio processor, a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) or at least a portion of a processor. The processor can be coupled to a memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the continuous wave signal component 925, the measurement component 930, the reporting component 935, the triggering component 940, the energy component 945, the capability component 950, the RF source selection component 955, the backscatter signal component 960, the request component 965, and the sensing component 970 discussed herein.

[0173] Figure 10 A diagram illustrating a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1005 may be an example of, or may include components of, the device 705, device 805, or passive wireless device described herein. The device 1005 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1020, an I / O controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, code 1035, and a processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1045).

[0174] I / O controller 1010 can manage input and output signals for device 1005. I / O controller 1010 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1005. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 can utilize an operating system, such as MS- MS- or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 1040). In some cases, a user may interact with device 1005 via I / O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1010.

[0175] In some cases, device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1015 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1025, wired, or wireless links, as described herein. For example, transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1015 may also include a modem for modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1025. Transceiver 1015, or transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be examples of transmitter 715, transmitter 815, receiver 710, receiver 810, or any combination thereof, or components thereof, as described herein.

[0176] Memory 1030 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1040, cause device 1005 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, code 1035 may not be directly executable by processor 1040, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1030 may also include BIOS, etc., which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0177] The processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1040. The processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices). For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 coupled to or coupled to the processor 1040, the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 being configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0178] The communication manager 1020 can support wireless communications at a passive wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device that triggers the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device. The communication manager 1020 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing measurements of signals in RF resources in response to receiving the continuous wave signal based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both. The communication manager 1020 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0179] By including or configuring the communication manager 1020 according to examples as described herein, the device 1005 can support techniques for measurement reporting and assistance for passive wireless devices, which can reduce power consumption and reduce hardware, software, and firmware complexity.

[0180] In some examples, the communication manager 1020 can be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the transceiver 1015, one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1020 can be supported or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 can include instructions that can be executed by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 can be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0181] Figure 11 A block diagram 1100 illustrates a device 1105 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of aspects of a wireless device as described herein. The device 1105 may include a receiver 1110, a transmitter 1115, and a communication manager 1120. The device 1105 may also include one or more processors, a memory coupled to the one or more processors, and instructions stored in the memory that are executable by the one or more processors to enable the one or more processors to perform the measurement reporting and assistance features discussed herein. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0182] Receiver 1110 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 1105. In some examples, receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1110 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0183] The transmitter 1115 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of the device 1105. For example, the transmitter 1115 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, the transmitter 1115 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1115 and the receiver 1110 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include a modem or be coupled to a modem.

[0184] The communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0185] In some examples, the communication manager 1120, the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof can be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware can include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0186] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1120, receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described herein), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0187] In some examples, communication manager 1120 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise coordinating with receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both. For example, communication manager 1120 can receive information from receiver 1110, transmit information to transmitter 1115, or be integrated with receiver 1110, transmitter 1115, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0188] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device. The communication manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources. The communication manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level based on the report, or for transmitting a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF radio device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

[0189] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communications at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on signals transmitted by the first wireless device. The communication manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing signal strength measurements on the backscatter signal. The communication manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a report indicating the signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal to the first wireless device.

[0190] By including or configuring a communication manager 1120 according to examples as described herein, the device 1105 (e.g., a processor controlling the receiver 1110, the transmitter 1115, the communication manager 1120, or a combination thereof or otherwise coupled thereto) can support measurement reporting and assistance techniques for passive wireless devices, which can reduce power consumption and reduce hardware, software, and firmware complexity.

[0191] Figure 12 A block diagram 1200 illustrates a device 1205 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 can be an example of aspects of the device 1105 or wireless device 115 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communication manager 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0192] Receiver 1210 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 1205. In some examples, receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0193] Transmitter 1215 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 1205. For example, transmitter 1215 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1215 and receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0194] Device 1205 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, communications manager 1220 may include continuous wave signal manager 1225, RF resource report manager 1230, RF source manager 1235, backscatter signal manager 1240, signal strength measurement manager 1245, signal strength report manager 1250, or any combination thereof. Communications manager 1220 may be an example of aspects of communications manager 1120 as described herein. In some examples, communications manager 1220 or its various components may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise coordinating with receiver 1210, transmitter 1215, or both. For example, communications manager 1220 may receive information from receiver 1210, transmit information to transmitter 1215, or be integrated with receiver 1210, transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0195] The communication manager 1220 may support wireless communications at the first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The continuous wave signal manager 1225 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device. The RF resource report manager 1230 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving reports indicating measurements of signals in RF resources. The RF source manager 1235 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level based on the report, or for transmitting a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF radio as the source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0196] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communications at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The backscatter signal manager 1240 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on the signal transmitted by the first wireless device. The signal strength measurement manager 1245 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing signal strength measurements on the backscatter signal. The signal strength report manager 1250 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a report indicating a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal to the first wireless device.

[0197] In some cases, the continuous wave signal manager 1225, the RF resource report manager 1230, the RF source manager 1235, the backscatter signal manager 1240, the signal strength measurement manager 1245, and the signal strength report manager 1250 can each be a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, a radio processor, a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) or at least a portion of a processor. The processor can be coupled to a memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the continuous wave signal manager 1225, the RF resource report manager 1230, the RF source manager 1235, the backscatter signal manager 1240, the signal strength measurement manager 1245, and the signal strength report manager 1250 discussed herein. The transceiver processor can be co-located with and / or in communication with (e.g., directing the operation of) the transceiver of the device. The radio processor can be co-located with and / or in communication with (e.g., directing the operation of) the radio component of the device (e.g., an NR radio component, an LTE radio component, a Wi-Fi radio component). The transmitter processor may be co-located with and / or in communication with (eg, directing the operation of) the transmitter of the device. The receiver processor may be co-located with and / or in communication with (eg, directing the operation of) the receiver of the device.

[0198] Figure 13 Block diagram 1300 illustrates a communication manager 1320 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Communication manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of communication manager 1120, communication manager 1220, or both as described herein. Communication manager 1320 or its various components may be examples of means for performing various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein. For example, communication manager 1320 may include a continuous wave signal manager 1325, an RF resource report manager 1330, an RF source manager 1335, a backscatter signal manager 1340, a signal strength measurement manager 1345, a signal strength report manager 1350, a sensing manager 1355, a measurement assistance manager 1360, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with one another (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0199] The communication manager 1320 may support wireless communications at the first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The continuous wave signal manager 1325 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device. The RF resource report manager 1330 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving reports indicating measurements of signals in RF resources. The RF source manager 1335 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level based on the report, or for transmitting a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF radio as the source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0200] In some examples, the RF source manager 1335 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a request to the second wireless device to send a control message to the second wireless device based on the report, the control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF radio device as a source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0201] In some examples, the sensing manager 1355 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a sensing reference signal in a sensing resource to a passive wireless device, where the first wireless device is associated with a sensing capability.

[0202] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1320 can support wireless communications at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. The backscatter signal manager 1340 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on signals transmitted by the first wireless device. The signal strength measurement manager 1345 can be configured as or otherwise support means for performing signal strength measurements on the backscatter signal. The signal strength report manager 1350 can be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a report indicating a signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal to the first wireless device. In some examples, the report indicates an identifier of the passive wireless device, a purpose for performing the signal strength measurement, or both.

[0203] In some examples, the signal strength measurement manager 1345 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a control message from a network node that enables the second wireless device to perform signal strength measurements.

[0204] In some examples, sensing manager 1360 can be configured as or otherwise support components for detecting a sensing reference signal, where performing signal strength measurements on backscattered signals is based on the sensing reference signal.

[0205] In some examples, measurement assistance manager 1360 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a request for measurement assistance via a backscatter link.

[0206] In some cases, the continuous wave signal manager 1325, the RF resource report manager 1330, the RF source manager 1335, the backscatter signal manager 1340, the signal strength measurement manager 1345, the signal strength report manager 1350, the sensing manager 1355, and the measurement assistance manager 1360 can each be a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, a radio processor, a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) or at least a portion of a processor. The processor can be coupled to a memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the continuous wave signal manager 1325, the RF resource report manager 1330, the RF source manager 1335, the backscatter signal manager 1340, the signal strength measurement manager 1345, the signal strength report manager 1350, the sensing manager 1355, and the measurement assistance manager 1360 discussed herein.

[0207] Figure 14 A diagram illustrating a system 1400 including a device 1405 that supports measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The device 1405 can be an example of, or include components of, the device 1105, device 1205, or wireless device described herein. The device 1405 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1420, a transceiver 1410, an antenna 1415, a memory 1425, code 1430, and a processor 1435. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1440).

[0208] The transceiver 1410 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1410 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1410 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1405 may include one or more antennas 1415, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1410 may also include a modem that is configured to: modulate a signal; provide the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1415, via a wired transmitter); receive the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1415, from a wired receiver); and demodulate the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various receive or obtain operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1415 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1410, or the transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415, or the transceiver 1410 and one or more antennas 1415 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1435 or memory 1425 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1405. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125 , backhaul communication link 120 , midhaul communication link 162 , fronthaul communication link 168 ).

[0209] Memory 1425 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1425 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1430 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1435, cause device 1405 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1430 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, code 1430 may not be directly executable by processor 1435, but may (e.g., when compiled and executed) cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1425 may also include BIOS, etc., which may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0210] The processor 1435 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1435 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1435. The processor 1435 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1425) to cause the device 1405 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices). For example, the device 1405 or a component of the device 1405 may include a processor 1435 and a memory 1425 coupled to the processor 1435, the processor 1435 and the memory 1425 being configured to perform the various functions described herein. Processor 1435 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can host functionality (e.g., by executing code 1430) to perform the functions of device 1405. Processor 1435 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1405 (e.g., within memory 1425). In some implementations, processor 1435 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes those inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to, for example, other systems or components of device 1405). For example, a processing system of device 1405 may refer to a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of device 1405, such as processor 1435, transceiver 1410, communications manager 1420, or other components or combinations of components of device 1405. The processing system of device 1405 can be interfaced with other components of device 1405 and can process information (such as input or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1405 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. One or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, as well as other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, so that device 1405 can send information output from the chip or modem. Additionally or alternatively, in some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, so that device 1405 can obtain information or signal input, and the information can be passed to the processing system.One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the first interface may also obtain information or signal input, and the second interface may also output information or signal output.

[0211] In some examples, bus 1440 may support communications for protocol layers of a protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1440 may support communications associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within components of device 1405 or between different components of device 1405 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1405 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1420, transceiver 1410, memory 1425, code 1430, and processor 1435 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0212] In some examples, communication manager 1420 can manage aspects of communications with core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, communication manager 1420 can manage the transfer of data communications for client devices such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, communication manager 1420 can manage communications with other network entities 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in coordination with other network entities 105. In some examples, communication manager 1420 can support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0213] The communication manager 1420 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1420 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device. The communication manager 1420 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources. The communication manager 1420 may be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level based on the report, or for transmitting a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF radio device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

[0214] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1420 may support wireless communications at the second wireless device according to examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1420 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on signals transmitted by the first wireless device. The communication manager 1420 may be configured as or otherwise support means for performing signal strength measurements on the backscatter signal. The communication manager 1420 may be configured as or otherwise support means for sending a report indicating the signal strength measurement of the backscatter signal to the first wireless device.

[0215] By including or configuring the communication manager 1420 according to examples as described herein, the device 1405 can support techniques for measurement reporting and assistance for passive wireless devices, which can reduce power consumption and reduce hardware, software, and firmware complexity.

[0216] In some examples, the communication manager 1420 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1410, one or more antennas 1415 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1420 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1420 can be supported or performed by the transceiver 1410, the processor 1435, the memory 1425, the code 1430, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1430 can include instructions executable by the processor 1435 to cause the device 1405 to perform various aspects of measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for passive wireless devices as described herein, or the processor 1435 and the memory 1425 can be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0217] Figure 15 A flow chart illustrating a method 1500 for supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for a passive wireless device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is provided. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 10 The passive wireless device described herein performs the functions described herein. In some examples, the passive wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the passive wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the passive wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0218] At 1505, the method may include receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of a signal transmitted by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device in an RF resource. The operations of 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1505 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 9 The continuous wave signal component 925 performs as described.

[0219] At 1510, the method may include, in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, performing a measurement of a signal in the RF resource based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both. The operations of 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 9 The measurement component 930 is described as performing.

[0220] At 1515, the method may include sending a report indicating a measurement of a signal in the RF resource via a backscatter link. The operations of 1515 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1515 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 9 The reporting component 935 is described as executing.

[0221] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for a passive wireless device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is provided. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 10 The passive wireless device described herein performs the functions described herein. In some examples, the passive wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the passive wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the passive wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0222] At 1605, the method may include receiving a continuous wave signal from the first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform a measurement of a signal transmitted by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device in the RF resource. The operations of 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 9 The continuous wave signal component 925 performs as described.

[0223] At 1610, the method may include, in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, performing a measurement of a signal in the RF resource based on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both. The operations of 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 9 The measurement component 930 is described as performing.

[0224] At 1615, the method may include sending a report indicating a measurement of a signal in the RF resource via a backscatter link. The operations of 1615 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 9 The reporting component 935 is described as executing.

[0225] At 1620, the method may include selecting the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device operating at the same frequency or a different frequency as the first wireless device as a source for continuous wave signal transmission based on the report. The operations of 1620 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 9 The RF source selection component 955 is described as performing.

[0226] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for a passive wireless device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is provided. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a wireless device or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a wireless device or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The wireless device described herein performs the functions described herein. In some examples, the wireless device may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0227] At 1705, the method may include sending a continuous wave signal to the passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform a measurement of a signal sent by the first wireless device or by the second wireless device in the RF resource. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 13 The described continuous wave signal manager 1325 performs.

[0228] At 1710, the method may include receiving a report indicating a measurement of a signal in an RF resource. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 13 The RF resource manager 1330 described here performs.

[0229] At 1715, the method may include transmitting a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level based on the report, or transmitting a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF wireless device as the source for continuous wave signal transmission. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 13 The RF source manager 1335 described here performs.

[0230] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting measurement relaxation and measurement assistance for a passive wireless device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is provided. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a wireless device or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a wireless device or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 6 as well as Figures 11 to 14 The wireless device described herein performs the functions described herein. In some examples, the wireless device may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the wireless device to perform the functions described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the functions described herein.

[0231] At 1805, the method may include receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on a signal transmitted by the first wireless device. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 13 The backscatter signal manager 1340 is described as performing.

[0232] At 1810, the method may include performing a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 13 The signal strength measurement manager 1345 is described as performing.

[0233] At 1815, the method may include sending a report indicating a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal to the first wireless device. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 13 The signal strength reporting manager 1350 is described as performing.

[0234] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0235] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a passive wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals transmitted in RF resources by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, performing the measurements of the signals in the RF resources based at least in part on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; and sending a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resources via a backscatter link.

[0236] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1, further comprising: receiving a control message from the first wireless device or the second wireless device via a forward link, triggering the passive wireless device to perform the measurement of the signal.

[0237] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 2 further comprises: sending a message indicating a preference of the passive wireless device to suspend the measurement of the signal based at least on the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device and indicating a reason for suspending the measurement.

[0238] Aspect 4: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the method further includes: in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, skipping the measurement of the second signal at least in part based on the failure of the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device to meet the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal meeting the received power level threshold, or both.

[0239] Aspect 5: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 4, the method also includes: detecting an increase in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device within a first duration; and performing the measurement of the signal in the RF resource within a second duration based at least in part on detecting the increase.

[0240] Aspect 6: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method also includes: detecting a decrease in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device within a first duration; and suspending the measurement of the signal in the RF resource for a second duration based at least in part on detecting the decrease.

[0241] Aspect 7: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further includes: sending a capability message indicating that the passive wireless device supports a first capability of detecting that the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfies the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfies the received power level threshold, or both.

[0242] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein performing the measurement of the signal includes: performing the measurement of multiple signals in the RF resource, wherein the multiple signals are sent by multiple RF source wireless devices including the first wireless device.

[0243] Aspect 9: According to the method of any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method also includes: receiving a control message from a network node, the control message indicating whether the passive wireless device will perform the measurement of the signal sent by the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device, wherein the measurement includes a single measurement or a periodic measurement.

[0244] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, further comprising: receiving a control message via a forward link, the control message indicating one or more frequencies on which the passive wireless device is to perform the measurements.

[0245] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 10, further comprising: selecting the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device operating at the same frequency or a different frequency as the first wireless device as a source for continuous wave signal transmission based at least in part on the report.

[0246] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11 further comprises: sending a backscatter signal via the backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device cannot perform RF resource measurements on the signal sent by the first wireless device.

[0247] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, further comprising: sending a request for measurement assistance via the backscatter link.

[0248] Aspect 14: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 13, wherein performing the measurement of the signal comprises performing the measurement of the signal in the RF resource based at least in part on a distance between the passive wireless device and the first wireless device being shorter than a distance threshold.

[0249] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 14, further comprising: receiving a sensing reference signal in sensing resources from the first wireless device; and performing sensing measurements based at least in part on the sensing reference signal.

[0250] Aspect 16: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: sending a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of signals sent by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device in an RF resource; receiving a report indicating the measurements of the signals in the RF resource; and based at least in part on the report, sending a second continuous wave signal at an increased power level, or sending a control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF wireless device as a source for continuous wave signal transmission.

[0251] Aspect 17: The method according to Aspect 16 further includes: at least in part based on the report, sending a request to the second wireless device for the second wireless device to send the control message, wherein the control message indicates that the passive wireless device will switch to the different RF wireless device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

[0252] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of aspects 16 to 17, further comprising: sending a sensing reference signal in a sensing resource to the passive wireless device, wherein the first wireless device is associated with a sensing capability.

[0253] Aspect 19: A method for wireless communication at a second wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that a passive wireless device cannot perform RF resource measurements on a signal sent by a first wireless device; performing a signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal; and sending a report to the first wireless device indicating the signal strength measurement on the backscatter signal.

[0254] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 19, wherein the report indicates an identifier of the passive wireless device, a purpose for performing the signal strength measurement, or both.

[0255] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 20, further comprising: receiving a control message from a network node, the control message enabling the second wireless device to perform the signal strength measurement.

[0256] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 21, further comprising: detecting a sensing reference signal, wherein performing the signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal is based at least in part on the sensing reference signal.

[0257] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of aspects 19 to 22, further comprising: receiving a request for measurement assistance via the backscatter link.

[0258] Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0259] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0260] Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a passive wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0261] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 16 to 18.

[0262] Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 18.

[0263] Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 16 to 18.

[0264] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 19 to 23.

[0265] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 19 to 23.

[0266] Aspect 32: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a second wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of any one of aspects 19 to 23.

[0267] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects of two or more of these methods may be combined.

[0268] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and the terminology of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used throughout much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0269] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to throughout the specification may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0270] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0271] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium or sent using one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0272] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, and it includes any medium that promotes a computer program to be transferred from one location to another location.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code components and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer or a general or special-purpose processor in the form of an instruction or data structure.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from a website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. As used herein, disk and optical disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Magnetic disk can reproduce data magnetically, and optical disc can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0273] As used herein (including in the claims), "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Moreover, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0274] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Furthermore, "determining" may include parsing, retrieving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0275] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference label. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a dash and a second label to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference label, regardless of the second reference label or other subsequent reference labels.

[0276] The description set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "having advantages over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described technology. However, these technologies may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0277] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive wireless device, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform measurements of a signal transmitted in an RF resource by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, performing the measuring of the signal in the RF resource based at least in part on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; as well as A report indicative of the measurement of the signal in the RF resource is sent via a backscatter link.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A control message is received from the first wireless device or the second wireless device via a forward link, triggering the passive wireless device to perform the measurement of the signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A message is sent indicating a preference of the passive wireless device to suspend the measurement of the signal based at least on the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device and indicating a reason for suspending the measurement.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: In response to receiving the continuous wave signal, measuring a second signal is skipped based at least in part on the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device failing to satisfy the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying the received power level threshold, or both.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: detecting an increase in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device over a first duration; and Based at least in part on detecting the increase, performing the measurement of the signal in the RF resource for a second duration.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: detecting a decrease in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device over a first duration; and Based at least in part on detecting the decrease, suspending the measuring of the signal in the RF resource for a second duration.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A capability message is sent, the capability message indicating that the passive wireless device supports a first capability of detecting that the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfies the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfies the received power level threshold, or both.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to perform the measuring of the signal by being executable by the processor to: Measurements are performed on a plurality of signals in the RF resources, wherein the plurality of signals are transmitted by a plurality of RF source wireless devices including the first wireless device.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A control message is received from a network node, the control message indicating whether the passive wireless device is to perform the measurement of the signal transmitted by the first wireless device or a different RF wireless device, wherein the measurement comprises a single measurement or a periodic measurement.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A control message is received via a forward link, the control message indicating one or more frequencies on which the passive wireless device is to perform the measurements.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: The first wireless device or a different RF wireless device operating at the same frequency or a different frequency as the first wireless device is selected as a source for continuous wave signaling based at least in part on the report.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A backscatter signal is transmitted via the backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements on the signal transmitted by the first wireless device.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A request for measurement assistance is sent via the backscatter link.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to perform the measuring of the signal by being executable by the processor to: The measuring of the signal in the RF resource is performed based at least in part on a distance between the passive wireless device and the first wireless device being shorter than a distance threshold.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: receiving a sensing reference signal in a sensing resource from the first wireless device; and performing sensing measurements based at least in part on the sensing reference signal.

16. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmitting a continuous wave signal to a passive wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform a measurement of a signal transmitted in an RF resource by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; receiving a report indicating the measurement of the signal in the RF resource; and Based at least in part on the report, a second continuous wave signal is transmitted at an increased power level, or a control message is transmitted instructing the passive wireless device to switch to a different RF radio as a source for continuous wave signal transmission.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: Based at least in part on the report, a request is sent to the second wireless device for the second wireless device to send the control message, the control message instructing the passive wireless device to switch to the different RF wireless device as the source for the continuous wave signal transmission.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A sensing reference signal in a sensing resource is sent to the passive wireless device, wherein the first wireless device is associated with a sensing capability.

19. An apparatus for wireless communication at a second wireless device, the apparatus comprising: processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receiving a backscatter signal via a backscatter link, the backscatter signal indicating that the passive wireless device is unable to perform RF resource measurements of signals transmitted by the first wireless device; performing a signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal; and A report indicating the signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal is sent to the first wireless device.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the report indicates an identifier of the passive wireless device, a purpose for performing the signal strength measurement, or both.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A control message is received from a network node, the control message enabling the second wireless device to perform the signal strength measurement.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A sensing reference signal is detected, wherein performing the signal strength measurement of the backscattered signal is based at least in part on the sensing reference signal.

23. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to: A request for measurement assistance is received via the backscatter link.

24. A method for wireless communication at a passive wireless device, the method comprising: receiving a continuous wave signal from a first wireless device, the continuous wave signal triggering the passive wireless device to perform a measurement of a signal transmitted in an RF resource by the first wireless device or by a second wireless device; in response to receiving the continuous wave signal, performing the measuring of the signal in the RF resource based at least in part on an amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfying an energy storage threshold, a received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying a received power level threshold, or both; and A report indicative of the measurement of the signal in the RF resource is sent via a backscatter link.

25. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: A control message is received from the first wireless device or the second wireless device via a forward link, triggering the passive wireless device to perform the measurement of the signal.

26. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: A message is sent indicating a preference of the passive wireless device to suspend the measurement of the signal based at least on the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device and indicating a reason for suspending the measurement.

27. The method according to claim 24, further comprising: In response to receiving the continuous wave signal, measuring a second signal is skipped based at least in part on the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device failing to satisfy the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfying the received power level threshold, or both.

28. The method of claim 24, further comprising: detecting an increase in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device over a first duration; and Based at least in part on detecting the increase, performing the measurement of the signal in the RF resource for a second duration.

29. The method of claim 24, further comprising: detecting a decrease in the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device over a first duration; as well as Based at least in part on detecting the decrease, suspending the measuring of the signal in the RF resource for a second duration.

30. The method of claim 24, further comprising: A capability message is sent, the capability message indicating that the passive wireless device supports a first capability of detecting that the amount of energy stored by the passive wireless device satisfies the energy storage threshold, the received power level of the continuous wave signal satisfies the received power level threshold, or both.

Images