Environment-friendly high-performance cutting lubricating oil as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides environment-friendly high-performance cutting lubricating oil as well as a preparation method and application thereof.The environment-friendly high-performance cutting lubricating oil is prepared by taking isooctyl stearate as base oil and adding phosphate amine salt, sulfurized fatty acid ester, refined lard oil and a nano-copper composite anti-wear agent. Compared with the traditional neopentyl polyol ester, the environment-friendly high-performance cutting lubricating oil has the advantages that the cost is reduced by 50-70% under the condition that the formula is optimized, and the environment-friendly high-performance cutting lubricating oil is suitable for the field of high-precision metal processing through biological safety verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular to an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cutting lubricants are key auxiliary materials in machining and metal component manufacturing, and their performance directly impacts machining efficiency, workpiece quality, and tool life. Traditional cutting lubricants, often based on mineral oils supplemented with various extreme pressure and anti-wear additives, have met machining needs to a certain extent. However, with increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the manufacturing industry's urgent need for efficient, low-cost lubrication technologies, existing technologies present numerous challenges.

[0003] Traditional mineral oil-based cutting lubricants have poor biodegradability and are prone to environmental pollution with long-term use. Some sulfur and phosphorus-containing additives may have negative impacts on water and soil ecology and do not meet international environmental standards. In addition, although existing synthetic oils have improved environmental performance, they are expensive and difficult to promote on a large scale. The extreme pressure and anti-wear properties of existing lubricants are insufficient, resulting in low cutting forces during processing, making it difficult to adapt to high-load, high-precision processing requirements. Wear spots are generally large in diameter, which increases tool wear and affects the quality of the processed surface. High-performance synthetic base oils, such as neopentyl polyol esters, are expensive at approximately 30,000 yuan per ton, significantly increasing the cost of lubricants; while low-cost mineral oils cannot strike a balance between environmental protection and performance requirements. The market urgently needs solutions that combine low cost and high performance.

[0004] According to industry data, the global biodegradable lubricant market is expected to reach 12 billion yuan in 2025, with an annual growth rate exceeding 25%, with the Chinese market showing significant growth. Metalworking fluid consumption accounts for approximately 10% of the total lubricant market, but the proportion of environmentally friendly products is still relatively low. With the advancement of the "dual carbon" goals and the upgrading of intelligent manufacturing, the industrial lubrication field is transforming from "quantity increase" to "quality improvement", and technological innovation has become the core driving force of industry competition. In recent years, researchers have tried to use biodegradable esters, such as palmitic acid esters, to replace mineral oils, but their high pour point and poor low-temperature fluidity limit their scope of application. Some formulations improve performance by adding composite additives, but they are difficult to meet safety standards due to poor compatibility or toxicity issues.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the problems existing in the prior art, developing a cutting lubricant that is environmentally friendly, has high cutting performance and is economical is a problem that the present invention needs to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant and its preparation method and application, so as to solve the problems of insufficient environmental protection of lubricants, insufficient cutting performance, high cost of cutting lubricants, etc.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0008] The invention provides an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. Raw materials for preparing the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant comprise, by percentage, 80-95% of isooctyl stearate, 0.5-2% of phosphate amine salt, 1-5% of sulfurized fatty acid ester, 1-8% of refined lard, and 1-4% of a nano-copper composite anti-wear agent.

[0009] Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant include: 88-90% isooctyl stearate, 1-1.5% phosphate amine salt, 3-4% sulfurized fatty acid ester, 4-5% refined lard, and 2-2.5% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent.

[0010] Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity of the isooctyl stearate at 40°C is 8.5-9.5 mm 2 / s.

[0011] Furthermore, the phosphorus content of the phosphate amine salt is ≥4% (w / w), and the nitrogen content is ≥2% (w / w).

[0012] Preferably, the phosphate amine salt is one of aliphatic phosphate amine salt HL-6150 and phosphate amine salt T349.

[0013] Furthermore, the kinematic viscosity of the sulfurized fatty acid ester at 40°C is 40-80 mm 2 / s, sulfur content 15-20wt%.

[0014] Furthermore, the pour point of the refined lard is ≤8°C, the solidification point is ≤4°C, and the saponification value is 180-200 mgKOH / g. Furthermore, the density of the nano-copper composite anti-wear agent at 20°C is 1100-1250 kg / m 3 , alkalinity 1.0-1.4mgKOH / g.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step (1): heating isooctyl stearate to 60-80° C.;

[0017] Step (2): adding phosphate amine salt, sulfurized fatty acid ester, refined lard and nano-copper composite anti-wear agent to the isooctyl stearate in step (1) in sequence, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to prepare a mixture;

[0018] Step (3): The mixture of step (2) is cooled to room temperature to obtain the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant.

[0019] The invention provides an application of an environmentally friendly cutting lubricating oil composition in gear lubrication or mechanical cutting technology.

[0020] The present invention provides an environmentally friendly, high-performance cutting lubricant. By optimizing the synergistic effect of isooctyl stearate and various functional additives, it addresses the problems of poor environmental performance, insufficient cutting force, and high cost associated with conventional cutting lubricants. Isooctyl stearate, derived from modified palmitic acid, serves as a base oil, replacing traditional mineral oils or high-cost synthetic oils. It has been verified in guinea pig toxicology tests to be non-irritating or only mildly irritating, meeting low-toxicity and non-toxic standards. By leveraging the physical modification of nanomaterials, the formation of chemical extreme pressure films, and the environmentally friendly properties of bio-based materials, it achieves breakthroughs in cutting force, environmental performance, and cost, providing an innovative solution for the efficient and sustainable development of metalworking fluids.

[0021] Beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The environmentally friendly, high-performance cutting lubricant of the present invention can improve cutting performance. Under the optimized formula, the cutting force Pb value is increased by 1.2-1.5 times compared with existing cutting oils. The addition of refined lard and nano-copper composite anti-wear agent effectively improves oxidation resistance, avoiding problems such as sticking to the machine table and yellowing. The additives have excellent compatibility. The synergistic effect of isooctyl stearate, phosphate amine salt, and sulfurized fatty acid ester produces a highly stable lubricating film, making it suitable for high-temperature and high-load conditions.

[0023] 2. Using biodegradable isooctyl stearate as the base oil, it avoids the environmental pollution problems of traditional mineral oil and has excellent environmental performance;

[0024] 3. It can significantly reduce costs. The market price of isooctyl stearate is 16,000 yuan / ton, which is 50%-70% lower than the cost of other synthetic base oils (neopentyl polyol ester 30,000 yuan / ton). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Other combinations and various modifications within the scope of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0026] Unless otherwise specified, other chemical reagents used in the present invention are of commercially available analytical grade.

[0027] Isooctyl stearate was purchased from Shandong Xinfa Ruijie New Material Technology Co., Ltd.; aliphatic phosphate amine salt HL-6150 and phosphate amine salt T349 were purchased from Shenyang Hualun Lubricant Additive Co., Ltd.; sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015 was purchased from Cangzhou Yida Borun Petrochemical Co., Ltd.; refined lard model is XP1800, pour point 8°C, purchased from Xipeng Environmental Protection Technology (Luoyang) Co., Ltd.; nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B was purchased from Shenyang Lubricating Oil Factory (Co., Ltd.); XP349 extreme pressure anti-wear agent and XP3016 sulfurized fatty acid ester were purchased from Xipeng Environmental Protection Technology (Luoyang) Co., Ltd.; cutting oil CKD68-GL was purchased from Anmei Technology Co., Ltd.

[0028] The preparation method of environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step (1): heating isooctyl stearate to 70° C.;

[0030] Step (2): adding phosphate amine salt, sulfurized fatty acid ester, refined lard and nano-copper composite anti-wear agent to the isooctyl stearate in step (1) in sequence, and stirring for 50 minutes to prepare a mixture;

[0031] Step (3): The mixture of step (2) is cooled to room temperature to obtain the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This embodiment was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The formula of this embodiment includes: 93.5% isooctyl stearate, 0.5% phosphate amine salt T349, 1% sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015, 1% refined lard, and 4% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] This embodiment was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The formula of this embodiment includes: 90% isooctyl stearate, 1% phosphate amine salt T349, 3% sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015, 4% refined lard, and 2% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] This embodiment was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The formula of this embodiment includes: 81% isooctyl stearate, 2% phosphate amine salt T349, 5% sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015, 8% refined lard, and 4% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B.

[0038] Example 4

[0039] This embodiment was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The formula of this embodiment includes: 90% isooctyl stearate, 1% aliphatic phosphate amine salt HL-6150, 3% sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015, 4% refined lard, and 2% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B.

[0040] Comparative Example 1:

[0041] This comparative example was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the phosphate amine salt T349 is replaced with the common XP349 extreme pressure anti-wear agent on the market.

[0042] Comparative Example 2:

[0043] This comparative example was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015 was replaced with the common sulfurized fatty acid ester XP3016 on the market.

[0044] Comparative Example 3:

[0045] This comparative example was prepared according to the preparation method of an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant. The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B is replaced by a common molybdenum disulfide anti-wear agent on the market.

[0046] Comparative Example 4:

[0047] Use common cutting lubricant on the market, cutting oil CKD68-GL.

[0048] The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricants prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to the following tests:

[0049] 1. According to SH / T 0189-1992 "Determination of Anti-wear Performance of Lubricating Oils (Four-ball Machine Method)", use a four-ball friction and wear tester to test at 1200r / min, 588N for 20min, and record the wear spot diameter of the steel ball. The smaller the wear spot diameter, the better the anti-wear performance of the lubricating oil.

[0050] 2. Test according to GB / T 12583-1998, Determination of Extreme Pressure Properties of Lubricants (Four-Ball Method). When the steel balls begin to stick, record the load at that moment. This load is the Four-Ball Sticking Load (Pb) value. The resulting Pb value is used to evaluate the extreme pressure resistance of the cutting lubricant. Comparing the wear spot diameter and cutting force data of the Examples and Comparative Examples clearly demonstrates the impact of different formulations on the anti-wear properties of the lubricant. A higher Pb value indicates a greater ability of the lubricant to prevent direct contact and seizure of metal surfaces under high loads, indicating better extreme pressure resistance.

[0051] 3. Guinea pigs, mammals similar to humans, were selected for the experiment. The test was provided by Liaoning Benxi Changsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with certificate No. 210726241101373873. The guinea pig conjunctival irritation test and skin allergy test were conducted. The test environment temperature was (23±2)℃. The guinea pigs were fed with complete pellet feed and appropriate amounts of cabbage, green leafy vegetables, carrots, and apples to supplement vitamin C. They were free to drink Yibao purified water. Thirty male guinea pigs were grouped by weight and raised for 2-3 days after purchase. Edible oil was dripped into the left eye and sample oil was dripped into the right eye, about 2 ml of the sample oil was dripped into the eye. Weight changes were recorded at 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. Changes in conjunctival congestion, edema, secretions, and corneal damage in the eyes and the control group were observed. The test period was 72 hours. The guinea pig back smear metamorphosis experiment had a test period of 14 days. The hair on both sides of the back spine was removed with an animal razor, covering an area of ​​approximately 3 cm × 3 cm. The left depilated area was smeared with 2 ml of edible oil each time, and the right depilated area was smeared with 2 ml of sample oil each time. Photos were taken on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 14th days of the experiment, and the erythema, edema and death of the mouse back skin were observed. Statistical scores and safety assessments were conducted. Safety studies on eye drops and back application of the drug to guinea pigs showed that the clinical manifestations of the conjunctiva and skin allergies in the experimental group were healthy, with regular weight gain, which was no different from the weight gain trend of the guinea pigs in the blank control group. There was no irritation or slight irritation and sensitization, which met the low-toxicity and non-toxic requirements of environmentally friendly lubricants.

[0052] Table 1: Performance test results

[0053]

[0054] From Table 1 and the experiment, it can be seen that the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant prepared by the present invention has excellent environmental protection, cutting performance and economy. Specifically, from the comparison between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1, it can be seen that replacing the phosphate amine salt T349 with the XP349 extreme pressure anti-wear agent on the market will cause the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant prepared to have higher wear on the tooth surface and lower cutting performance Pb value, which cannot achieve the expected effect; from the comparison between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1, it can be seen that replacing the sulfurized fatty acid ester YD-3015 with the XP3016 sulfurized fatty acid ester on the market will cause the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant prepared to have higher wear on the tooth surface and lower cutting performance Pb value. The results are as follows: 1. The tooth wear of the prepared environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant is low, and the expected effect is not achieved; from the comparison of Comparative Example 3 with Example 1, it can be seen that replacing the nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B with a molybdenum disulfide anti-wear agent on the market will cause the wear of the tooth surface of the prepared environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant to increase and the cutting performance Pb value to decrease, and the expected effect is not achieved; from the comparison of Comparative Example 4 with Example 1, it can be seen that compared with common cutting oils on the market, the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant prepared by the present invention has lower wear on the tooth surface and higher cutting performance Pb value, and has better cutting performance. Through safety testing, it was found that the aliphatic phosphate amine salt HL-6150 and the nano-copper composite anti-wear agent BSD-3610B were non-irritating or slightly irritating, and the phosphate amine salt T349 was moderately irritating; the weight of Examples 1-4 increased steadily and no deaths occurred, which shows that the high-performance cutting lubricant prepared by this application is safe and environmentally friendly. Economically, most synthetic oils cannot be used on a large scale because their prices are higher than mineral oils. The market price of the synthetic base oil isooctyl stearate is 16,000 yuan / ton, which is relatively low among synthetic oils. Others such as neopentyl polyol esters are all priced at 30,000 yuan / ton. Therefore, isooctyl stearate can replace multiple imported oils. Using isooctyl stearate as a base oil can reduce costs by about 50-70%.

[0055] The present invention can also have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant include: 80-95% isooctyl stearate, 0.5-2% phosphate amine salt, 1-5% sulfurized fatty acid ester, 1-8% refined lard, and 1-4% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent.

2. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials for preparing the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant include: 88-90% isooctyl stearate, 1-1.5% phosphate amine salt, 3-4% sulfurized fatty acid ester, 4-5% refined lard, and 2-2.5% nano-copper composite anti-wear agent.

3. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kinematic viscosity of the isooctyl stearate at 40° C. is 8.5-9.5 mm 2 / s.

4. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus content of the phosphate amine salt is ≥4% (w / w), and the nitrogen content is ≥1.8% (w / w).

5. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The phosphate amine salt is one of aliphatic phosphate amine salt HL-6150 and phosphate amine salt T349.

6. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The kinematic viscosity of the sulfurized fatty acid ester at 40° C. is 40-80 mm 2 / s, sulfur content 15-20wt%.

7. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pour point of the refined lard is ≤8°C, the solidification point is ≤4°C, and the saponification value is 180-200 mgKOH / g.

8. The environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density of the nano copper composite anti-wear agent at 20°C is 1100-1250 kg / m 3 , alkalinity 1.0-1.4mgKOH / g.

9. The method for preparing the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step (1): heating isooctyl stearate to 60-80° C.; Step (2): adding phosphate amine salt, sulfurized fatty acid ester, refined lard and nano-copper composite anti-wear agent to the isooctyl stearate in step (1) in sequence, and stirring for 40-60 minutes to obtain a mixture; Step (3): The mixture of step (2) is cooled to room temperature to obtain an environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant.

10. Use of the environmentally friendly high-performance cutting lubricant according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in gear lubrication or mechanical cutting processes.

Images