Low-temperature device and test method for original plate thickness tension of marine engineering material

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of material mechanical property testing, in particular to a low-temperature device for original plate thickness tension of marine engineering materials and a test method, comprising: a barrel component for containing low-temperature medium to cool the sample placed therein; a first through hole provided along the axial direction of the barrel component for the end of the sample to pass through so that the sample is exposed to a low-temperature environment; and a clamping device provided on the outside of the bottom of the barrel component for fixing the clamping end of the sample to ensure that the sample does not slip during the tension test. The device designed in the present application can directly perform tension test on the original plate thickness of marine engineering materials in the range of 0 DEG C to -196 DEG C without additional processing of the sample, which not only reduces the test preparation time and cost, but also makes the test results closer to the actual application situation, which is of great significance for guiding material selection and structure design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material mechanical property testing technology, and in particular to a low-temperature device and testing method for tensile testing of original plate thickness of marine engineering materials. Background Technology

[0002] Any engineering material will deform under stress. This deformation process can be broadly divided into three basic stages: elasticity, plasticity, and fracture. Tensile testing methods can yield mechanical properties such as yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation. Since metallic materials are widely used in low or extremely low temperature applications, studying and understanding the mechanical properties of materials at low temperatures is of great significance for the selection and development of cryogenic materials. Commonly used materials such as low-carbon alloy steel have good plasticity and toughness at room temperature, but when they are used at lower temperatures, especially those with cracks, they exhibit "cold brittleness." When materials are used at low temperatures and cold brittle fracture occurs, cracks propagate particularly rapidly, without any warning signs before fracture, often leading to catastrophic consequences. The lower the temperature, the more sensitive the material is to stress concentration, and the more prone it is to stress brittle fracture. Therefore, the low-temperature brittleness assessment indicators of materials are crucial for the design and material selection of cryogenic structures.

[0003] Typically, low-temperature tests use sheet or bar stock processed into threaded bars according to Chapter 7 of GB / T 228.1-2021, or the original sheet thickness is reduced, with holes drilled at both ends of the specimen, and the sheet specimen is fixed with pins for testing. However, the data obtained by this method still differs significantly from the data obtained with the original sheet thickness. Therefore, to evaluate the mechanical properties of materials under actual use conditions, establishing a low-temperature tensile testing method with the original sheet thickness is of greater value.

[0004] Publication No.: CN112834362B A liquid nitrogen-cooled low-temperature tensile testing device includes mounting positions on a tensile testing machine for clamping the upper and lower ends of a heat exchange tube specimen. A threaded connector is threaded into the mounting position and inserted into the heat exchange tube. The tensile testing machine also includes a cooling device for clamping the round tube. A connecting bracket fixes the cooling device, and a testing plate allows the round tube to be inserted, thus maintaining a low-temperature environment. An inlet pipe and an outlet pipe are used to introduce and release nitrogen gas, achieving the purpose of creating a low-temperature environment. A fixing component secures the insulation layer, and an opening and closing component controls the opening and closing of the chamber. However, this solution has shortcomings: its design is relatively simple, lacking flexibility and versatility, making it difficult to meet the diverse requirements of specimen dimensions. The cooling device is also complex, and the high operating temperature significantly increases the requirements for the sealing components.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-temperature device and testing method for the original thickness tensile testing of marine engineering materials, to solve the problems of insufficient flexibility and high sealing requirements of existing low-temperature brittleness assessment test devices. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention aims to propose a low-temperature device and test method for the original thickness tensile testing of marine engineering materials, so as to solve the problems of insufficient flexibility and high sealing requirements of existing low-temperature brittleness assessment test devices for materials.

[0007] When performing material performance tests according to standard GB / T 228.3-2019 and Chapter 2 of the "Materials and Welding Specifications", the thickness of the plate for room temperature tests must be reduced to 25 mm, and for low-temperature tests, the thick plate is processed into specimens according to the requirements of Chapter 7 of GB / T 228.1-2021. The specimen clamping ends are machined into threaded bars, or the original plate thickness is reduced to create plate specimens with pin holes. However, the test data obtained is not the result of the true thickness, so the completeness of the data must be considered when using this material data for analysis and design. The test apparatus and method of this invention fill the gaps in the above tests. Under the condition that the test equipment capacity meets the requirements, the test apparatus and method of this invention can achieve low-temperature tensile tests on plate materials with the original thickness at temperatures ranging from 0℃ to -196℃. The dimensions of the clamping part of the plate tensile specimen are at least 20~40 mm wide and the plate thickness is 20~100 mm.

[0008] This invention creatively utilizes the property that water freezes at 0°C, combined with fireproof mortar filling technology, to effectively seal the low-temperature bath, avoiding the evaporation of the cooling medium and the influence of external temperature. This reduces the high sealing requirements of the cooling device, extends its service life, and employs a parting vise clamping method to firmly fix samples of different sizes and shapes, offering high flexibility and ensuring the stability and consistency of the samples during low-temperature tensile testing. This improves the reliability and accuracy of test data and simplifies the sample installation process.

[0009] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0010] One object of the present invention is to disclose a cryogenic device for the original thickness stretching of marine engineering materials, comprising:

[0011] The barrel component is used to contain a cryogenic medium to cool the sample placed inside.

[0012] A first through hole is provided along the axial direction of the barrel component, allowing one end of the sample to pass through, thus exposing the sample to a low-temperature environment;

[0013] A clamping device is provided on the bottom outer side of the barrel component to fix the clamping end of the specimen and ensure that the specimen does not slip during the tensile test.

[0014] Furthermore, the barrel component includes a barrel lid, a barrel body, and a barrel bottom connected sequentially from top to bottom. The edge of the barrel lid is provided with a downward flange, and the inner diameter of the flange is larger than the outer diameter of the barrel body.

[0015] Furthermore, the bucket lid also includes a first bucket lid and a second bucket lid, which are locked together by a snap fastener, and the first through hole is located at the junction of the first bucket lid and the second bucket lid.

[0016] Furthermore, two locking buckles are provided on the upper surface of the lid and on the flange.

[0017] Furthermore, the clamping device includes a device housing, a second through hole, a partition strip, and two sets of clamping assemblies. The second through hole is located in the middle of the device housing, allowing one end of the sample to pass through. The partition strip is adjacent to the second through hole and is located inside the device housing to ensure that the clamping position of the clamping assemblies is fixed. The two sets of clamping assemblies are symmetrically arranged about the axis of symmetry of the device housing. The clamping assemblies are located inside the device housing. A first connecting hole is provided on the side of the device housing for connecting the clamping assemblies to a power source.

[0018] Furthermore, the device housing is provided with a connecting part, and the connecting part is provided with a second connecting hole for connecting with the barrel component.

[0019] Furthermore, the clamping assembly includes jaws, a sliding clamping bar, steel balls, a sliding plate, and a drive shaft connected sequentially from the separator bar outwards. The jaws are connected to the sliding clamping bar by pins. The steel balls are used to push the sliding clamping bar forward after being squeezed by the sliding plate. One end of the drive shaft is threaded to the sliding plate so that the sliding plate can be moved by rotating the drive shaft.

[0020] Furthermore, the sliding plate has a square hole and a round hole in the middle. The square hole is used to engage one end of the drive shaft, and the round hole has a thread that is connected to the thread in the middle of the drive shaft, which is used to push the steel ball to make the sliding clamping bar slide.

[0021] Furthermore, the end of the drive shaft away from the sliding plate can be connected to a Phillips wrench or a motor.

[0022] Another objective of this invention is to disclose a low-temperature tensile testing method for the original thickness of marine engineering materials, based on any of the aforementioned low-temperature devices for the original thickness tensile testing of marine engineering materials, comprising the following specific steps:

[0023] S1: Move one end of the sample through the first through hole to the transition arc so that the working section of the sample is completely inside the barrel component;

[0024] S2: Drive the clamping device to fix the clamping end of the sample;

[0025] S3: Fill the excess gap between the sample and the clamping device with fireproof putty, pour a small amount of liquid nitrogen into the barrel component to freeze the water into ice, and fix the other end of the sample.

[0026] S4: Move the barrel component, the clamping device and the sample together to the test equipment, and first fix the lower end clamping section of the sample in the equipment.

[0027] S5: Top of the barrel component;

[0028] S6: Pour the cooling medium with the temperature set according to the test requirements into the barrel component to keep the sample warm until the sample temperature is uniform.

[0029] S7: Use the equipment to fix the clamping section at the upper end of the sample, start the test, and wait for the test to end before taking out the upper end of the broken sample.

[0030] S8: Loosen the lower end 1 of the broken sample, remove the barrel component, the clamping device and the broken sample together, and pour out the cooling medium.

[0031] S9: Drive the clamping device to release the clamping end of the sample and remove the broken sample from the lower end.

[0032] Compared with existing technologies, the cryogenic apparatus and testing method for original thickness tensile testing of marine engineering materials of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0033] 1. The device designed in this invention can perform direct tensile tests on the original thickness of marine engineering materials within the temperature range of 0℃ to -196℃ without the need for additional processing of the samples. This not only reduces the test preparation time and cost, but also makes the test results closer to the actual application situation, which is of great significance for guiding material selection and structural design.

[0034] 2. This invention utilizes the property that water freezes at 0℃, combined with fireproof mud filling technology, to effectively seal the low-temperature bath, reducing the problem of high sealing requirements for the cooling device, extending the service life of the cooling device, avoiding the volatilization of the cooling medium and the influence of external temperature, ensuring the stability and uniformity of temperature during the test, and providing more accurate data support for the performance evaluation of materials under extreme low-temperature conditions.

[0035] 3. By employing a parting vise clamping method, this invention can securely fix specimens of different sizes and shapes, providing high flexibility and ensuring the stability and consistency of specimens during low-temperature tensile testing. This improves the reliability and accuracy of test data, while also simplifying the specimen installation process and reducing operational difficulty and time costs. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature device in this invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the clamping device in this invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the steel ball mounting structure in this invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the device shell structure in this invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the jaw structure in this invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding plate structure in this invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive shaft structure in this invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the bucket lid structure in this invention.

[0045] Figure label:

[0046] 1. Sample; 2. Barrel components; 201. Barrel lid; 2011. Flange; 2012. First barrel lid; 2013. Second barrel lid; 202. Barrel body; 203. Barrel bottom; 3. First through hole; 4. Clamping device; 401. Device housing; 4011. First connecting hole; 4012. Connecting part; 4013. Second connecting hole; 402. Second through hole; 403. Separator bar; 404. Jaws; 405. Sliding clamping bar; 406. Steel ball; 407. Sliding plate; 408. Drive shaft; 409. Cross wrench. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the technical means and objectives and effects of the present invention easier to understand, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific illustrations.

[0048] It should be noted that all directional and positional terms used in this invention, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," "lower," "lateral," "longitudinal," and "center," are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and connections between components in a specific state. They are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0049] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0051] The sample 1 includes two clamping ends and a working end located between the two clamping ends, with a transition arc at the connection between the clamping end and the working end.

[0052] This invention discloses a cryogenic device for original thickness stretching of marine engineering materials, comprising:

[0053] Barrel component 2 is used to contain a low-temperature medium to cool the sample 1 placed therein;

[0054] The first through hole 3 is set along the axial direction of the barrel component 2, allowing one end of the sample 1 to pass through, so that the sample 1 is exposed to a low temperature environment;

[0055] The clamping device 4 is located on the bottom outside of the barrel component 2 and is used to fix the clamping end of the specimen 1 to ensure that the specimen does not slip during the tensile test.

[0056] The barrel component 2 is mainly used to contain the cryogenic medium to cool the sample 1 placed inside. This ensures that the sample 1 can be uniformly cooled in the required low-temperature environment, simulating the working temperature conditions of marine engineering materials in cold sea areas, such as polar regions and deep seas, providing stable and accurate temperature conditions for testing. The first through hole 3 is set along the axial direction of the barrel component 2, allowing one end of the sample 1 to pass through, exposing the working section of the sample 1 to the cryogenic environment. The design is simple but its function is critical, enabling precise control of the cooling length of the sample 1, ensuring the uniformity of temperature distribution during the test, ensuring that the tensile load acts directly on the cryogenic zone, avoiding temperature gradient interference, and helping to improve the accuracy of test data. The clamping device 4 is set on the bottom outer side of the barrel component 2 to fix the clamping end of the sample 1, preventing slippage or loosening during the tensile test. It can firmly fix the sample 1 of different sizes and shapes, increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the device. Moreover, the clamping device 4 is located on the outside of the barrel component 2, avoiding the influence of the low-temperature environment on the clamping force, and is easy to operate and maintain. It can be adapted to original plate samples of different thicknesses and widths, without complicated processing, and is suitable for the testing needs of materials such as thick plates and welded joints in marine engineering.

[0057] This setup ensures that sample 1 does not slip or loosen during low-temperature tensile testing, improving the accuracy of test data. It directly tests the original thickness of the plate, avoiding distortion of performance data due to sample 1 processing, such as thinning, and more realistically reflects the mechanical behavior of the material in actual engineering.

[0058] Specifically, the barrel component 2 includes a barrel lid 201, a barrel body 202, and a barrel bottom 203 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The edge of the barrel lid 201 is provided with a downward flange 2011, and the inner diameter of the flange 2011 is larger than the outer diameter of the barrel body 202.

[0059] The lid 201 is used to seal the entire barrel component 2 to prevent the low-temperature medium from evaporating and to ensure stable internal temperature. The downward-extending flange design of the flange 2011 helps to better fit with the barrel and provide additional sealing effect. The barrel 202 serves as the main container for containing the low-temperature medium and is used to cool the sample 11 placed inside. The bottom 203 of the barrel is provided with a first through hole 3 for one end of the sample 1 to pass through and to fix the clamping end of the sample 1, while supporting the structural stability of the entire device.

[0060] This design allows the lid 2011 to fit more tightly onto the barrel 202, increasing the seal, reducing the evaporation of the cooling medium, thus maintaining the low-temperature environment required for the test, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test data, and facilitating installation and disassembly.

[0061] Specifically, the bucket lid 201 includes a first bucket lid 2012 and a second bucket lid 2013, which are locked together by a locking buckle.

[0062] The first barrel lid 2012 and the second barrel lid 2013 together constitute the complete barrel lid 201, which is used to seal the top of the barrel body component 2. It allows only one half of the lid, such as the first barrel lid 2012 or the second barrel lid 2013, to be opened without completely removing the barrel lid, so as to add cooling media such as liquid nitrogen or make necessary adjustments, thereby increasing the flexibility of the experimental process. The locking buckle is used to firmly lock the first barrel lid 2012 and the second barrel lid 2013 together to form a tight whole, preventing the barrel lid 201 from loosening or falling off due to internal and external pressure differences or other external forces during the experiment.

[0063] The split design of this device makes it easier to install or remove the lid 201 from the body 202, especially when it is necessary to add cooling medium or perform other operations. This improves the convenience and efficiency of operation, greatly enhances the sealing of the entire device, effectively reduces the evaporation of cooling medium, and maintains the required low temperature environment.

[0064] Preferably, the first barrel lid 2012 and the second barrel lid 2013 have the same structure, and the first through hole 3 is set at the junction of the two.

[0065] The identical structure of the first bucket lid 2012 and the second bucket lid 2013 simplifies the manufacturing process, reduces the number of parts, and facilitates production and inventory management. The identical structure means that the same mold can be used for production, reducing manufacturing costs. The location of the first through hole 3 at the junction makes the design of the bucket lid 201 more compact, and also facilitates the installation and removal of the sample 1.

[0066] This setup simplifies the production process, reduces maintenance costs, and improves flexibility and efficiency during assembly.

[0067] Preferably, two locking buckles are provided on the upper surface of the lid 201 and the flange 2011.

[0068] The locking buckles on the upper surface of the lid 201 and the flange 2011 provide a dual locking mechanism, ensuring that the two can be tightly joined together to form a complete seal. This prevents the lid 201 from loosening or falling off during the test due to internal and external pressure differences or operation, ensuring the overall sealing and stability of the device and increasing the safety of the entire device. The multiple locking buckles disperse the pressure points, which helps to evenly distribute stress and enhances the stability and durability of the overall structure, ensuring good performance even under extreme conditions.

[0069] This design ensures a tight fit between the first lid 2012 and the second lid 2013, guarantees the seal between the lid 201 and the barrel body 202, effectively reduces the volatilization of the low-temperature medium, and maintains the required low-temperature environment.

[0070] Specifically, the first through hole 3 can be square, round, or other shapes.

[0071] The first through hole 3 is designed with a variable shape, which can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. It is suitable for various types of specimens 1. Whether it is a standard circular or special shaped material, it can be effectively fixed and cooled, which greatly improves the application range and technical flexibility of the device. Since it can adapt to specimens 1 of various shapes, it reduces the need to purchase or customize special equipment to adapt to different shaped specimens 1, and reduces the long-term operating cost.

[0072] Specifically, the clamping device 4 includes a device housing 401, a second through hole 402, a partition bar 403, and two sets of clamping assemblies. The second through hole 402 is located in the middle of the device housing 401, allowing one end of the sample 1 to pass through. The partition bar 403 is adjacent to the second through hole 402 and is located inside the device housing 401 to ensure that the clamping position of the clamping assemblies is fixed. The two sets of clamping assemblies are symmetrically arranged about the axis of symmetry of the device housing 401. The clamping assemblies are located inside the device housing 401. A first connecting hole 4011 is provided on the side of the device housing 401 for connecting the clamping assemblies to a power source.

[0073] The housing 401 serves as the main structural frame of the clamping device 4, providing support and protection for the internal components. A second through hole 402 is located in the middle of the housing 401, allowing one end of the sample 1 to pass through, ensuring that the sample 1 can be accurately placed in the predetermined position for tensile testing. A separator 403 is positioned adjacent to the second through hole 402 and located within the housing 401, ensuring the clamping position of the clamping assembly is fixed and preventing displacement or misalignment during operation. Symmetrically arranged about the axis of symmetry of the housing 401, it ensures uniform force on both sides of the sample 1, avoiding measurement errors caused by uneven force on one side. The clamping assembly is located inside the housing 401 and is connected to a power source through a first connecting hole 4011 to achieve stable clamping of the sample 1.

[0074] This setup, through its rational layout design, simplifies the installation and disassembly steps of sample 1, reduces preparation time, improves work efficiency, facilitates maintenance and inspection of equipment status, reduces long-term operating costs, and can adapt to low-temperature tensile testing of various specifications of marine engineering materials with original plate thickness. It has wide applicability and high technical versatility.

[0075] Specifically, the device housing 401 is provided with a connecting part 4012, and the connecting part 4012 is provided with a second connecting hole 4013 for connecting with the bottom of the barrel 203.

[0076] The second connecting hole 4013 is connected to the corresponding hole on the barrel bottom 203 by bolts or other fasteners, so that the clamping device 4 is firmly installed on the outside of the barrel bottom 203, ensuring the stability of the entire low-temperature tensile device structure. Through the precise connection with the barrel bottom 203, it can be ensured that the second through hole 402 in the clamping device 4 is coaxial with the first through hole 3 on the barrel cover 201, thereby ensuring that the sample 1 is on the correct tensile axis in the low-temperature environment. The connecting part 4012 not only serves as a connection, but also provides additional support for the clamping device 4, preventing it from shifting or loosening due to uneven force during the test.

[0077] This setup ensures the assembly accuracy between the clamping device 4 and the barrel component 2, reduces the risk of eccentricity or tilting of the sample 1 during the tensile process, improves experimental reliability, enhances the overall rigidity and deformation resistance of the entire low-temperature tensile device, helps improve the consistency and repeatability of test data, facilitates the quick installation or replacement of the clamping device 4, and is beneficial for the daily maintenance of the equipment and the adaptation of different samples 1.

[0078] Preferably, the device housing 401 has two plates of different sizes, one on the top and one on the bottom, and a rectangular grid that is closed on all four sides and has two dividing strips 403 in the middle, dividing it into three spaces.

[0079] The upper and lower plates form the basic framework of the device housing 401, providing overall structural support and protecting the internal components from the influence of the external environment. The internal space of the device housing 401 is divided into three independent parts, each of which can be used to place different functional components, which helps to optimize the internal layout and reduce mutual interference between the components.

[0080] This design increases the overall rigidity and compressive strength of the housing 401, ensuring that no deformation or damage occurs during tensile testing. It provides a robust protective housing for the internal components, and the three independent spaces allow for the orderly arrangement of various functional components, facilitating installation and maintenance. It also improves space utilization, making the entire device more compact and efficient.

[0081] Specifically, the second through hole 402 can be square, round, or other shapes.

[0082] By adjusting the shape of the second through hole 402, the device can adapt to low-temperature tensile tests on specimens 1 of different shapes, such as square and round, which increases the versatility and applicability of the device, reduces the extra gap caused by the mismatch between specimen 1 and the through hole, and improves the stability and accuracy of clamping.

[0083] This setup enhances the device's adaptability to different types of samples, improves clamping accuracy and cooling efficiency, and simplifies the operation process.

[0084] Preferably, the second through hole 402 has the same shape as the first through hole 3.

[0085] By making the shape of the second through hole 402 consistent with that of the first through hole 3, it can be ensured that the specimen 1 can be precisely aligned when passing through these two holes. This helps to avoid the specimen 1 from being skewed or misaligned during the tensile process, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test data, simplifying the installation steps of the specimen 1, making it easier for the specimen 1 to pass through the entire device, reducing adjustment time, and improving work efficiency.

[0086] Preferably, the second through hole 402 can be square.

[0087] Square through holes can better accommodate square or other angular specimens 1, ensuring that these specimens 1 can be accurately passed through and fixed in the correct position during low-temperature tensile testing. Compared with round through holes, square through holes can provide additional contact points at the four corners, which helps to increase the mechanical support of the specimen 1, especially when higher stability is required.

[0088] Specifically, the separator 403 has a square through hole in the middle. The clamping part of the clamping assembly passes through the square through hole and can slide freely left and right. Its main function is to fix the sample 1 by sliding the clamping part of the clamping assembly.

[0089] The partition strip 403 is used to divide the internal space of the device housing 401 into different areas, ensuring that the various functional components are arranged in an orderly manner and reducing mutual interference. The square through hole in the middle allows the clamping part of the clamping component to pass through and slide, thereby fixing the sample 1. The design of the square through hole provides a stable guide track for the clamping component, ensuring that it maintains linear movement during sliding, avoiding the problem of clamping instability caused by offset, and helping to improve the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0090] Specifically, the clamping assembly includes jaws 404, sliding clamping bars 405, steel balls 406, sliding plates 407, and drive shaft 408 connected sequentially from the separator bar 403 outwards. The jaws 404 and the sliding clamping bars 405 are connected by pins. Multiple steel balls 406 are used to push the sliding clamping bars 405 forward after being squeezed by the sliding plates 407. One end of the drive shaft 408 is threadedly connected to the sliding plates 407 so that the sliding plates 407 can be moved by rotating the drive shaft 408.

[0091] The jaws 404 directly contact and clamp the surface of the sample 1, providing friction to prevent the sample 1 from sliding during the stretching process. The sliding clamping bar 405 serves as a support structure for the jaws 404 and can slide freely in the square through hole of the separator bar 403, causing the jaws 404 to move closer to or away from the sample 1. The pin connects the jaws 404 and the sliding clamping bar 405 together, allowing a certain angle of swing to adapt to the clamping requirements of different shaped samples 1. The steel ball 406 is arranged between the sliding clamping bar 405 and the sliding plate 407 as a force transmission medium. When the sliding plate 407 moves forward, the steel ball 406 is squeezed and expands outward, pushing the sliding clamping bar 405 forward, thereby clamping the sample 1. The sliding plate 407 receives power from the drive shaft 408, advances forward and presses the steel ball 406, triggering the clamping action. One end of the drive shaft 408 is threaded to the sliding plate 407, and the other end is connected to an external power source. Rotating the drive shaft 408 can push the sliding plate 407 to move back and forth, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the clamping assembly.

[0092] This setup utilizes the linkage design of steel ball 406, sliding plate 407, and drive shaft 408 to achieve rapid and uniform clamping force distribution, resulting in high clamping efficiency and quick response. By adjusting the rotation angle of drive shaft 408, the displacement of sliding plate 407 can be controlled, thereby adjusting the clamping force. It is suitable for specimens with different strengths, thicknesses, and materials.

[0093] Specifically, the sliding plate 407 has a square hole and a round hole in the middle. The square hole is used to engage one end of the drive shaft 408, and the round hole has a thread that is connected to the thread in the middle of the drive shaft 408. It is used to push the steel ball 406 to make the sliding clamping bar 405 slide.

[0094] The square hole is used to engage one end of the drive shaft 408 to prevent excessive movement during rotation, which could cause the drive shaft 408 to separate from the sliding plate 407. The threaded round hole engages with the threaded portion in the middle of the drive shaft 408 to form a helical transmission system. When the drive shaft 408 rotates, the sliding plate 407 moves back and forth along the axial direction. The rotation of the drive shaft 408 drives the sliding plate 407 forward, which in turn presses the steel ball 406 and pushes the sliding clamping bar 405 to clamp the sample 1.

[0095] This configuration improves the connection stability between the drive shaft 408 and the sliding plate 407, avoids the eccentricity or loosening problems that may be caused by a single connection method, and enables stepless adjustment of the position of the sliding plate 407, thereby precisely controlling the clamping force to meet the needs of specimens 1 with different strengths, thicknesses and shapes.

[0096] Preferably, multiple jaws 404 and sliding clamping bars 405 can be provided to fix the sample 1 at multiple clamping points, which helps to improve the stability of clamping.

[0097] Specifically, the end of the drive shaft 408 away from the sliding plate 407 can be connected to a cross wrench 409 or a motor.

[0098] The operator can manually rotate the cross wrench 409 to drive the drive shaft 408 to rotate, thereby moving the sliding plate 407 to clamp or release the sample 1. This method is suitable for fine adjustments in a laboratory environment or in situations where there is no power supply.

[0099] The electrically driven drive shaft 408 is suitable for scenarios requiring frequent operation and a high degree of automation. Motor drive provides a more even force distribution and is programmable, improving efficiency and consistency. Electric drive systems are typically equipped with overload protection, automatically stopping operation when encountering abnormal resistance to prevent equipment damage or accidents. Furthermore, electric operation reduces the risk of human error.

[0100] This setting allows the device to flexibly select operating modes according to different application scenarios, improving the device's application range and adaptability.

[0101] Preferably, a square boss is provided at the end of the drive shaft 408 away from the sliding plate 407, and a groove or hole is provided in the middle of the cross wrench 409, so that the drive shaft 408 can be driven by rotating the cross wrench 409.

[0102] The square boss design at one end of the drive shaft 408 ensures a firm connection with the cross wrench 409, preventing slippage during operation and ensuring effective torque transmission. The groove or hole in the middle of the cross wrench 409 matches the square boss of the drive shaft 408. By inserting and rotating the cross wrench 409, torque can be effectively transmitted to the drive shaft 408, thereby pushing the sliding plate 407 to move.

[0103] This setup enhances torque transmission efficiency, prevents misoperation, simplifies the operation process, and improves durability and stability.

[0104] This invention discloses a test method for tensile testing of original plate thickness in marine engineering materials, comprising the following specific steps:

[0105] S1: Pass one end of the clamping end of the sample 1 through the square hole in the bottom of the barrel 203 and move it to near the transition arc so that the working section of the sample 1 is completely inside the barrel.

[0106] By designing specific through-hole and transition arc structures, the correct position and stability of sample 1 in the low-temperature environment are ensured, and the working section of sample 1 can fully contact the cooling medium to achieve the required low-temperature environment. This helps to accurately control the position of sample 1, ensure that it is in the optimal cooling state, and provide an accurate data basis for subsequent tensile tests.

[0107] S2: Use a cross wrench 409 to fit on the drive shaft 408 and rotate it to push the sliding plate 407. By squeezing the steel ball 406, the sliding clamping bar 405 is pushed, so that the jaws 404 of the clamping bar clamp the clamping end of the sample 1.

[0108] By using steel balls 406 as the force transmission medium and combining them with the sliding clamping bar 405, a highly efficient and stable clamping effect is achieved, adapting to specimens 1 of various sizes and shapes. This step can firmly fix the specimen 1, preventing displacement or loosening during the tensile process, achieving fast and reliable clamping, with simple operation and adjustable clamping force.

[0109] S3: Fill the excess gaps in the sample 1, sliding clamping bar 405 and jaw 404 with fireproof putty, pour in a small amount of liquid nitrogen to freeze the water into ice, and cover the other end of the sample 1 with the bucket lid 201.

[0110] After the fireproof putty fills the gaps, it is then frozen with liquid nitrogen to form an ice seal, which enhances the sealing effect, reduces the evaporation of the cooling medium, prevents the leakage of the cooling medium, and maintains a stable internal temperature, ensuring the consistency of experimental conditions. Utilizing the physical properties of water freezing for sealing is both environmentally friendly and effective, avoiding the pollution problems that may be caused by traditional sealing materials.

[0111] S4: Move the bucket along with sample 1 to the test equipment, and first fix the lower clamping section of sample 1 to the equipment.

[0112] Ensuring that specimen 1 is placed securely in the testing equipment prepares it for subsequent tensile operations, simplifies the installation process, improves work efficiency, and ensures the alignment and stability of specimen 1.

[0113] S5: Unlock the bucket lid 201 and remove half of the bucket lid 201;

[0114] The split-type barrel lid 201 design increases operational flexibility, facilitates maintenance and management, allows for mid-process adjustments or inspections, and makes it convenient to add cooling media or perform other operations without completely disassembling the barrel lid 201, saving time and labor.

[0115] S6: Pour the cooling medium that requires a certain temperature into the bucket to keep sample 1 warm until the temperature of sample 1 is uniform.

[0116] By rationally selecting and using cooling media, the requirements for material performance testing under different temperature conditions were met, ensuring that sample 1 maintained a constant low temperature environment throughout the tensile process, providing precise temperature control, and ensuring the accuracy and repeatability of experimental results.

[0117] S7: Fix the clamping section at the upper end of the sample 1 with the equipment, start the test, and wait for the test to end before taking out the upper end of the broken sample 1.

[0118] Ensure that both ends of the sample 1 are firmly fixed to prevent displacement or detachment during the test, thus ensuring the reliability of the data. The tensile test is then officially started and the data is recorded. The entire system is compact in design and standardized in operation, making it easy to apply on a large scale.

[0119] S8: Loosen the lower end of the broken sample 1, remove the bucket together with the broken sample 1, and pour out the cooling medium.

[0120] After completing the experiment, the site is cleaned up to prepare for the next experiment, simplifying the cleaning process and improving the efficiency of the laboratory.

[0121] S9: Place the cross wrench 409 on the drive shaft 408, rotate it to disengage the sliding plate 407, loosen the jaws 404, and remove the broken sample 1 from the lower end.

[0122] Sample 1 can be removed through simple mechanical action, which reflects the humanized design, is simple to operate, easy to execute, and reduces the risk to operators.

[0123] This setup utilizes the design of steel balls 406 and sliding clamping bars 405 to achieve efficient and flexible clamping. Fireproof sealant filling and liquid nitrogen freezing ensure good sealing and temperature stability of the device. From the installation to removal of sample 1, every step is meticulously designed, guaranteeing both experimental accuracy and improved work efficiency. It is suitable for samples 1 of various shapes and sizes, meeting the needs of different application scenarios. This constitutes an efficient, reliable, and easy-to-operate low-temperature tensile testing method, providing strong technical support for the research of marine engineering materials.

[0124] Example 1

[0125] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a low-temperature tensile testing device and test method for original thickness of marine engineering materials.

[0126] Combination Figure 1 The implementation methods of this patent are described below:

[0127] The device includes a housing 401, a sliding clamping bar 405, jaws 404, steel balls 406, a sliding plate 407, a cross wrench 409, and a drive shaft 408.

[0128] The components are as follows: 201: lid reduces evaporation of the medium and ensures temperature stability; 202: body primarily contains the liquid medium; 401: housing the drive shaft 408, sliding plate 407, steel ball 406, sliding clamping bar 405, and jaws 404; 404: jaws primarily increase the engagement with the sample 1 surface, improving stability; pins primarily fix the sliding clamping bar 405 and jaws 404; sliding clamping bar 405 primarily clamps samples 1 of different sizes and shapes; steel ball 406 primarily pushes the sliding clamping bar 405 forward after being squeezed by the sliding plate 407; sliding plate 407 primarily squeezes the steel ball 406; drive shaft 408 primarily pushes the sliding plate 407; cross wrench 409 primarily rotates the drive shaft 408; bottom 203 primarily seals the various components inside the housing 401 and also squeezes the steel ball 406.

[0129] The method of using the device of the present invention is as follows: first install the lower part, then install the upper part.

[0130] 1. Pass one end of the sample 1 clamping end through the square hole in the bottom 203 of the barrel and move it to near the transition arc so that the working section of the sample 1 is completely inside the barrel.

[0131] 2. Further, use a cross wrench 409 to fit onto the drive shaft 408 and rotate it to push the sliding plate 407. By squeezing the steel ball 406, the sliding clamping bar 405 is pushed, so that the jaws 404 of the sliding clamping bar 405 clamp the clamping end of the sample 1.

[0132] 3. Further fill the excess gaps in the sample 1, sliding clamping strip 405 and jaw 404 with fireproof putty, pour in a small amount of liquid nitrogen to freeze the water into ice, and cover the other end of the sample 1 with the bucket lid 201.

[0133] 4. Further move the barrel component 2 together with the sample 1 to the test equipment, and first fix the lower clamping section of the sample 1 to the equipment;

[0134] 5. Further open the lock on the bucket lid 201 and remove half of the bucket lid 201;

[0135] 6. Further pour the cooling medium that requires a certain temperature into the barrel 202 to keep the sample 1 warm until the temperature of the sample 1 is uniform.

[0136] 7. Further fix the clamping section at the upper end of the sample 1 with the equipment, start the test, and wait for the test to be completed before taking out the upper end of the broken sample 1.

[0137] 8. Further loosen the lower end of the broken sample 1, remove the bucket together with the broken sample 1, and pour out the cooling medium.

[0138] 9. Further, place the cross wrench 409 onto the drive shaft 408, rotate it to disengage the sliding plate 407, loosen the jaws 404, and remove the broken sample 1 from the lower end.

[0139] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cryogenic device for stretching the original thickness of marine engineering materials, characterized in that, include: The barrel component (2) is used to contain a low-temperature medium to cool the sample (1) placed therein. The first through hole (3) is provided along the axial direction of the barrel component (2) so that one end of the sample (1) can pass through, thereby exposing the sample (1) to a low temperature environment; A clamping device (4) is provided on the bottom outer side of the barrel component (2) to fix the clamping end of the specimen (1) and ensure that the specimen does not slip during the tensile test. The clamping device (4) includes a device housing (401), a second through hole (402), a separator (403), and two sets of clamping components. The second through hole (402) is located in the middle of the device housing (401) for one end of the sample (1) to pass through. The separator (403) is located near the second through hole (402) and is located inside the device housing (401) to ensure that the clamping position of the clamping components is fixed. The two sets of clamping components are symmetrically arranged about the axis of symmetry of the device housing (401). The clamping components are located inside the device housing (401). The side of the device housing (401) is provided with a first connecting hole (4011) for connecting the clamping components to a power source. The device housing (401) is provided with a connecting part (4012), and the connecting part (4012) is provided with a second connecting hole (4013) for connecting with the barrel component (2); The clamping assembly includes jaws (404), a sliding clamping bar (405), steel balls (406), a sliding plate (407), and a drive shaft (408) connected sequentially from the separator bar (403) outwards. The jaws (404) and the sliding clamping bar (405) are connected by pins. A plurality of steel balls (406) are used to push the sliding clamping bar (405) forward after being squeezed by the sliding plate (407). One end of the drive shaft (408) is threadedly connected to the sliding plate (407) so as to push the sliding plate (407) to move by rotating the drive shaft (408).

2. The cryogenic device for stretching the original thickness of marine engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrel component (2) includes a barrel lid (201), a barrel body (202) and a barrel bottom (203) connected sequentially from top to bottom. The edge of the barrel lid (201) is provided with a downward flange (2011), and the inner diameter of the flange (2011) is larger than the outer diameter of the barrel body (202).

3. The cryogenic device for original thickness stretching of marine engineering materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bucket lid (201) also includes a first bucket lid (2012) and a second bucket lid (2013), the first bucket lid (2012) and the second bucket lid (2013) are locked together by a snap fastener, and the first through hole (3) is provided at the junction of the first bucket lid (2012) and the second bucket lid (2013).

4. The cryogenic device for stretching the original thickness of marine engineering materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two locking buckles are provided on the upper surface of the bucket lid (201) and the flange (2011).

5. The cryogenic device for original thickness stretching of marine engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding plate (407) has a square hole and a round hole in the middle. The square hole is used to engage one end of the drive shaft (408). The round hole has a thread and is connected to the thread in the middle of the drive shaft (408) to push the steel ball to make the sliding clamping bar (405) slide.

6. The cryogenic device for original thickness stretching of marine engineering materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the drive shaft (408) away from the sliding plate (407) is connected to a cross wrench (409) or a motor.

7. A method for low-temperature tensile testing of original thickness plates suitable for marine engineering materials, characterized in that, The cryogenic apparatus for original thickness stretching of marine engineering materials according to any one of claims 1-6 includes the following specific steps: S1: Move one end of the sample (1) through the first through hole (3) to the transition arc so that the working section of the sample (1) is completely inside the barrel component (2); S2: Drive the clamping device (4) to fix the clamping end of the sample (1); S3: Fill the excess gap between the sample (1) and the clamping device (4) with fireproof mud, pour a small amount of liquid nitrogen into the barrel component (2) to freeze the water into ice, and fix the other end of the sample (1). S4: Move the barrel component (2), the clamping device (4) together with the sample (1) to the test equipment, and first fix the lower end clamping section of the sample in the equipment; S5: Open the top of the barrel component (2); S6: Pour the cooling medium with the temperature set according to the test requirements into the barrel component (2) to keep the sample (1) warm until the temperature of the sample (1) is uniform. S7: Use the equipment to fix the clamping section at the upper end of the sample (1), start the test, and wait for the test to end before taking out the upper end of the broken sample (1). S8: Loosen the lower end of the broken sample (1), remove the barrel part (2), the clamping device (4) together with the broken sample (1), and pour out the cooling medium; S9: Drive the clamping device (4) to release the clamping end of the sample (1) and remove the broken sample (1) from the lower end.

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