Solar cell and preparation method thereof, power utilization device and power generation device

Abstract

The invention provides a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a power utilization device and a power generation device.The solar cell at least comprises a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer and a passivation layer, the passivation layer is located between the first charge transport layer and the perovskite layer, and the passivation layer comprises a metal organic framework material; the end group of the metal organic framework material at least comprises a carboxylic acid group, so that the passivation layer with the framework structure can be used as a support for perovskite crystal growth, the crystal quality of perovskite is improved, and the stability of the perovskite solar cell is improved; the carboxylic acid group in the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer, redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer is inhibited, and the stability of the perovskite solar cell is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, an electrical device and a power generation device. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, energy security and environmental pollution have gradually attracted people's attention. Solar energy, as a clean, pollution-free and renewable energy source, is considered to be the ultimate answer to solving these two problems. In this context, perovskite solar cells, as a new type of solar cell, have developed rapidly due to a series of advantages. The current highest photoelectric conversion efficiency has exceeded 25%. However, to achieve its industrialization, continuous improvement in stability and efficiency is still crucial. Perovskite solar cells need to operate at higher temperatures. However, due to the characteristics of ionic crystals, they will degrade and react with the interface in a high-temperature environment, causing their performance to decay too quickly. Therefore, how to provide a perovskite solar cell with high stability, high efficiency and long service life is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, an electrical device and a power generation device to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells.

[0004] The first technical solution adopted in this application is: to provide a solar cell, the solar cell includes at least a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer and a passivation layer, the passivation layer is located between the first charge transport layer and the perovskite layer, the passivation layer includes a metal organic framework material, and the end group of the metal organic framework material includes at least a carboxylic acid group.

[0005] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a metal organic framework material whose end groups include at least carboxylic acid groups is used as a passivation layer. The passivation layer is located between the first charge transfer layer and the perovskite layer, so that the passivation layer with a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, thereby improving the crystallization quality of perovskite and enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells.

[0006] At the same time, since the carboxylic acid groups have strong binding ability with metal ions, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer, and improve the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0007] In addition, since the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer contains a large number of strongly polar groups, the passivation layer allows the perovskite precursor solution using a strongly polar solvent to have good wettability on its surface, thereby facilitating the preparation of large-area devices.

[0008] In some embodiments, the metal organic framework material has the general formula:

[0009] Among them, the A unit is an organic framework structure group containing a metal ion, the B unit is any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group connecting the organic framework structure group and the carboxyl group, and n is 1 to 6; when the B unit is an alkylene group, the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is 1 to 5; or when the B unit is an arylene group, the number of arylene groups is 1 to 8; or when the B unit is a heteroarylene group, the number of heteroarylene groups is 1 to 8.

[0010] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the general formula of the metal organic framework material is The passivation layer with a framework structure can serve as a scaffold for the growth of perovskite crystals, improve the crystallization quality of perovskite, and enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells. At the same time, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer have a strong binding ability with metal ions. The carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the organic framework group containing metal ions has the structural formula The above-mentioned organic framework structure can serve as a scaffold for the growth of perovskite crystals and improve the crystallization quality of perovskite.

[0012] In some embodiments, the passivation layer is located at the lower interface of the perovskite layer.

[0013] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the passivation layer at the lower interface of the perovskite layer, the passivation layer with a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, thereby improving the crystallization quality of the perovskite and enhancing the stability of the perovskite solar cell. At the same time, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer have a strong binding ability with metal ions. The carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transfer layer, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer is less than or equal to 20 nm.

[0015] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the passivation layer is set within the above range, so that the above passivation layer has a good passivation effect, but the thickness of the passivation layer is not too thick to cause obstruction of charge transfer, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0016] In some embodiments, the passivation layer includes at least one of MOF-867, IRMOF-9, MOF-801(Zr), and MOF-5(Zn).

[0017] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, when the passivation layer includes the above-mentioned materials, the passivation layer with a framework structure can serve as a scaffold for the growth of perovskite crystals, improve the crystallization quality of the perovskite, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell. At the same time, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer have a strong binding ability with metal ions. The carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer, inhibiting the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer, thereby enhancing the stability of the perovskite solar cell. Furthermore, the above-mentioned materials are easy to purchase, simplifying the process of preparing highly stable perovskite solar cells.

[0018] The second technical solution adopted in this application is to provide a method for preparing a solar cell, which at least includes:

[0019] Providing a substrate structure, the substrate structure comprising a first charge transport layer;

[0020] A passivation layer is provided on the first charge transport layer, wherein the passivation layer is a metal organic framework material, and the end groups of the metal organic framework material include at least a carboxylic acid group;

[0021] A perovskite layer is disposed on the passivation layer.

[0022] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a metal organic framework material whose end groups include at least carboxylic acid groups is used as a passivation layer. The passivation layer is located between the first charge transfer layer and the perovskite layer, so that the passivation layer with a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, thereby improving the crystallization quality of perovskite and enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells.

[0023] At the same time, since the carboxylic acid groups have strong binding ability with metal ions, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer, and improve the stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0024] In addition, since the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer contains a large number of strongly polar groups, the passivation layer allows the perovskite precursor solution using a strongly polar solvent to have good wettability on its surface, thereby facilitating the preparation of large-area devices.

[0025] In some embodiments, the step of providing a passivation layer on the first charge transport layer comprises:

[0026] Providing a passivation precursor solution, placing the passivation precursor solution on the first charge transport layer, and performing a heat treatment to form a passivation layer;

[0027] The passivation precursor solution includes a metal organic framework material and a solvent. The concentration of the metal organic framework material in the passivation precursor solution is 0.1 mg / ml to 5 mg / ml, and the solvent is a polar solvent.

[0028] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the passivation layer is prepared by a solution method. At the same time, the preparation method of the passivation precursor solution is controlled, which is conducive to the preparation of large-area devices.

[0029] In some embodiments, after the passivation precursor solution is disposed on the first charge transport layer, when no heat treatment is performed, the thickness of the wet film formed by the passivation precursor solution on the surface of the first charge transport layer is 100 nm to 200 nm.

[0030] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the wet film formed by the passivation precursor liquid on the surface of the first charge transport layer is set within the above-mentioned range, which is conducive to the continuous spreading of the passivation precursor liquid on the surface of the first charge transport layer, so that the passivation layer formed after heat treatment has a reasonable film thickness, flatness and continuity, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell and facilitating the preparation of large-area devices.

[0031] The third technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide an electrical device, comprising the solar cell as described above and / or a solar cell prepared by the aforementioned method for preparing a solar cell.

[0032] Since the electric device of the present application includes the solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0033] The fourth technical solution adopted in the present application is to provide a power generation device, comprising the solar cell as described above and / or a solar cell prepared by the aforementioned solar cell preparation method.

[0034] Since the power generation device of the present application includes the solar cell provided by the present application, it has at least the same advantages as the solar cell.

[0035] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electrical device according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a power generation device according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0041] In the attached figure:

[0042] 10. First electrode layer; 11. First charge transport layer; 12. Passivation layer; 13. Perovskite layer; 14. Second charge transport layer; 15. Second electrode layer; 100. Solar cell; 1000. Electricity-consuming device; 2000. Power-generating device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0045] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0046] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0049] Perovskite solar cells are currently a promising solar cell and a hot topic of research due to their outstanding advantages, including high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, and simple fabrication. They can be used in lunar rovers, satellite panels, various sensors and detectors, as well as in civilian products such as wearable electronics and automotive power supplies. Perovskite solar cells are becoming a power source for consumer products in many ways. With the continuous expansion of perovskite solar cell applications and the flexible and foldable nature of perovskite solar cells, market demand is also growing.

[0050] In existing perovskite solar cells, due to the characteristics of ionic crystals, perovskite solar cells will degrade and react with the interface in a high-temperature environment, causing their performance to decay too quickly and the stability of the solar cells to be poor.

[0051] See Figure 1 In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a solar cell 100, which includes at least a first charge transport layer 11, a perovskite layer 13 and a passivation layer 12. The passivation layer 12 is located between the first charge transport layer 11 and the perovskite layer 13. The passivation layer 12 includes a metal-organic framework material, and the end groups of the metal-organic framework material include at least carboxylic acid groups.

[0052] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a metal organic framework material whose end groups include at least carboxylic acid groups is used as the passivation layer 12. The passivation layer 12 is located between the first charge transfer layer 11 and the perovskite layer 13, so that the passivation layer 12 with a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, improve the crystallization quality of perovskite, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0053] At the same time, since the carboxylic acid groups have a strong binding ability with metal ions, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer 11, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer 13, and improve the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0054] In addition, since the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 contains a large number of strongly polar groups, the passivation layer 12 allows the perovskite precursor solution using a strongly polar solvent to have good wettability on its surface, thereby facilitating the preparation of large-area devices.

[0055] The solar cells disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in electrical devices and power generation devices that utilize photoelectric conversion. The electrical devices may include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptop computers, electric toys, power tools, battery-powered vehicles, electric vehicles, ships, spacecraft, and the like. Among them, electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric vehicle toys, electric ship toys, and electric aircraft toys, and the like. Spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, and the like. The power generation device may be used to generate electricity.

[0056] In some embodiments, the metal organic framework material has the general formula: Among them, the A unit is an organic framework structure group containing a metal ion, the B unit is any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group connecting the organic framework structure group and the carboxyl group, and n is 1 to 6; when the B unit is an alkylene group, the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is 1 to 5; or when the B unit is an arylene group, the number of arylene groups is 1 to 8; or when the B unit is a heteroarylene group, the number of heteroarylene groups is 1 to 8.

[0057] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the general formula of the metal organic framework material is The passivation layer 12 with a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, improve the crystallization quality of perovskite, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100. At the same time, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 have a strong binding ability with metal ions. The carboxylic acid groups in the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer 11, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer 13, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0058] In some embodiments, the organic framework group containing metal ions has the structural formula The above-mentioned organic framework structure can serve as a scaffold for the growth of perovskite crystals and improve the crystallization quality of perovskite.

[0059] In some embodiments, the passivation layer 12 is located at the lower interface of the perovskite layer 13 .

[0060] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, by arranging the passivation layer 12 at the lower interface of the perovskite layer 13, the passivation layer 12 with a frame structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, thereby improving the crystallization quality of the perovskite and enhancing the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100. At the same time, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 have a strong binding ability with metal ions. The carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer 11, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer 13, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0061] In some embodiments, the thickness of the passivation layer 12 is less than or equal to 20 nm.

[0062] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the passivation layer 12 can be 1nm, 1.5nm, 2nm, 3nm, 3.6nm, 4nm, 5nm, 5.2nm, 5.55nm, 5.8nm, 6nm, 6.7nm, 7nm, 7.3nm, 8nm, 8.5nm, 9nm, 9.42nm, 9.75nm, 10nm, 10.2nm, 10.35nm, 10.76nm, 11nm, 11.2nm, 12nm, 12.7nm, 13nm, 13.5nm, 14nm, 14.8nm, 15nm, 15.5nm, 16nm, 16.5nm, 17nm, 17.3nm, 18nm, 18.5nm, 19nm, 19.5nm, 20nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 5nm~15nm, 2nm~17nm, 5nm~10nm, 10nm~19nm, 7nm~12nm, 1nm~11nm, 8nm~11nm, 13nm~20nm, 7nm~15nm, etc., according to actual needs, as long as it is within the range of less than or equal to 20nm.

[0063] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the passivation layer 12 is set within the above range, so that the passivation layer 12 has a good passivation effect, but the thickness of the passivation layer 12 is not too thick to cause obstruction of charge transfer, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0064] In some embodiments, the passivation layer 12 includes at least one of MOF-867, IRMOF-9, MOF-801(Zr), and MOF-5(Zn).

[0065] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the chemical structure of the material of the passivation layer 12 is:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] When the passivation layer 12 includes the above materials, the passivation layer 12 having a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, improve the crystallization quality of the perovskite, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100. At the same time, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 have a strong binding ability with metal ions. The carboxylic acid groups in the metal-organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer 11, inhibiting the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer 13, thereby enhancing the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100. Furthermore, the above materials are easily available, simplifying the process of preparing a highly stable perovskite solar cell 100.

[0069] The present application also provides a method for preparing a solar cell 100, which at least includes:

[0070] Providing a substrate structure, the substrate structure including a first charge transport layer 11;

[0071] A passivation layer 12 is provided on the first charge transport layer 11. The passivation layer 12 is made of a metal organic framework material. The end groups of the metal organic framework material include at least carboxylic acid groups.

[0072] A perovskite layer 13 is provided on the passivation layer 12 .

[0073] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a metal organic framework material whose end groups include at least carboxylic acid groups is used as the passivation layer 12. The passivation layer 12 is located between the first charge transfer layer 11 and the perovskite layer 13, so that the passivation layer 12 with a framework structure can serve as a support for the growth of perovskite crystals, improve the crystallization quality of perovskite, and enhance the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0074] At the same time, since the carboxylic acid groups have a strong binding ability with metal ions, the carboxylic acid groups in the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 can anchor the metal oxide of the first charge transport layer 11, inhibit the redox reaction between the metal oxide and the perovskite layer 13, and improve the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100.

[0075] In addition, since the metal organic framework material of the passivation layer 12 contains a large number of strongly polar groups, the passivation layer 12 allows the perovskite precursor solution using a strongly polar solvent to have good wettability on its surface, thereby facilitating the preparation of large-area devices.

[0076] In some embodiments, the step of providing the passivation layer 12 on the first charge transport layer 11 includes:

[0077] Providing a passivation precursor solution, placing the passivation precursor solution on the first charge transport layer 11, and performing a heat treatment to form a passivation layer 12;

[0078] The passivation precursor solution includes a metal organic framework material and a solvent. The concentration of the metal organic framework material in the passivation precursor solution is 0.1 mg / ml to 5 mg / ml, and the solvent is a polar solvent.

[0079] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the passivation layer 12 is prepared by a solution method. At the same time, the preparation method of the passivation precursor solution is controlled, which is conducive to the preparation of large-area devices.

[0080] In some embodiments, after the passivation precursor solution is disposed on the first charge transport layer 11 and no heat treatment is performed, the thickness of the wet film formed by the passivation precursor solution on the surface of the first charge transport layer 11 is 100 nm to 200 nm.

[0081] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the wet film formed by the passivation precursor liquid on the surface of the first charge transport layer 11 is set within the above-mentioned range, which is conducive to the continuous spreading of the passivation precursor liquid on the surface of the first charge transport layer 11, so that the passivation layer 12 formed after heat treatment has a reasonable film thickness, flatness and continuity, thereby improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell 100 and facilitating the preparation of large-area devices.

[0082] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the solar cell 100 may include a first electrode layer 10, a first charge transport layer 11, a passivation layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, a second charge transport layer 14, and a second electrode layer 15, arranged in sequence. In this embodiment, the solar cell 100 has a trans structure, i.e., the first charge transport layer 11 in the solar cell 100 is a hole transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 14 is an electron transport layer. In other embodiments, the solar cell 100 may also have a regular structure, i.e., the first charge transport layer 11 in the solar cell 100 is an electron transport layer, and the second charge transport layer 14 is a hole transport layer.

[0083] The first electrode layer 10 includes, but is not limited to, the following materials: fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), tungsten-doped indium oxide (IWO), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), etc. The thickness of the first electrode layer 10 is 10 nm to 1000 nm, and can be 10 nm, 55 nm, 103 nm, 358 nm, 480 nm, 650 nm, 890 nm, 980 nm, 1000 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 10 nm to 103 nm, 55 nm to 358 nm, 103 nm to 480 nm, 480 nm to 890 nm, 55 nm to 890 nm, 358 nm to 980 nm, etc.

[0084] The first charge transport layer 11 may be a hole transport layer, which is made of at least one of the following materials and their derivatives and materials obtained by doping or passivation: BTPA series hole transport materials, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT), triphenylamine with triptycene as the core (H101), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-methoxytriphenylamine (EDOT-OMeTPA), N-(4-phenylamino)carbazole-spirobifluorene (CzPAF-SBF), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), polythiophene, nickel oxide (NiO x ), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), cuprous iodide (CuI), cuprous oxide (Cu2O), etc.

[0085] The chemical formula of the perovskite layer 13 satisfies the molecular formula ABX3, wherein A is a monovalent cation with a larger radius, including organic or inorganic or organic-inorganic mixed cations, including but not limited to the following materials: methylamino (CH3NH3 + ), carbamimidyl (HC(NH2)2 + ), cesium ions (Cs + ) and rubidium (Rb + ) etc.; B is a divalent metal cation with a smaller radius, including but not limited to the following materials: divalent metal cations such as lead ions (Pb 2+ ), tin ions (Sn 2+ ) etc.; X is a monovalent anion, including but not limited to the following materials: chloride ion (Cl - ), bromide ion (Br - ), iodide ion (I - ) etc.; the band gap of the perovskite layer 13 is 1.20 eV to 2.30 eV; the thickness of the perovskite layer 13 is between 400 nm and 1000 nm, and can be 400 nm, 468 nm, 632 nm, 744 nm, 834 nm, 970 nm, 1000 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, it can be 400 nm to 970 nm, 468 nm to 632 nm, 468 nm to 834 nm, 632 nm to 834 nm, 632 nm to 970 nm, etc.

[0086] The second charge transport layer 14 may be an electron transport layer, and the electron transport layer material is at least one of the following materials and their derivatives or doped and passivated materials: [6,6]-phenyl C 61 Methyl butyrate (PC 61 BM), [6,6]-phenyl C 71Methyl butyrate (PC 71 BM), fullerene and its derivatives, tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc. The thickness of the electron transport layer is 5 nm to 50 nm, 5 nm, 8 nm, 10 nm, 13 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 21.5 nm, 23.3 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 32 nm, 34.4 nm, 38 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 48.6 nm, 50 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 10 nm to 13 nm, 20 nm to 21.5 nm, 25 nm to 30 nm, 32 nm to 34.4 nm, 48.6 nm to 50 nm, etc.

[0087] The second electrode layer 15 may be made of an organic, inorganic, or organic-inorganic hybrid conductive material, including but not limited to the following materials: silver (Ag), copper (Cu), carbon (C), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), etc. The thickness of the second electrode layer 15 is 10 nm to 1000 nm, and may be 10 nm, 220 nm, 335 nm, 380 nm, 470 nm, 660 nm, 880 nm, 970 nm, 1000 nm, etc., or a range consisting of any two of the above values, for example, 10 nm to 970 nm, 220 nm to 380 nm, 335 nm to 660 nm, 470 nm to 880 nm, 335 nm to 970 nm, 470 nm to 1000 nm, etc.

[0088] See Figure 3 The present application also provides an electrical device 1000 , comprising the solar cell 100 as described above and / or the solar cell 100 prepared by the aforementioned method for preparing the solar cell 100 .

[0089] In the present application, the solar cell 100 serves as a power source for the electrical device 1000; alternatively, the solar cell 100 can serve as an energy storage unit for the electrical device 1000. For example, the electrical device 1000 can be a lighting element, a display element, or a car.

[0090] See Figure 4 The present application further provides a power generation device 2000, comprising the aforementioned solar cell 100 and / or a solar cell 100 prepared by the aforementioned method for preparing the solar cell 100. The power generation device 2000 can be used for generating electricity, and comprises at least the solar cell 100.

[0091] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present application and its applications. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0092] The solar cell 100 of the present application comprises a passivation layer 12, as described above, disposed between the first charge transport layer 11 and the perovskite layer 13. Passivation layer 12 comprises a metal-organic framework material, the end groups of which include at least a carboxylic acid group. This novel solar cell 100 is suitable for use in both positive and negative solar cells.

[0093] The formal method for preparing the novel solar cell 100 includes the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: etching and cleaning a transparent conductive glass substrate, and drying it for later use, wherein the transparent conductive glass substrate has a first electrode layer;

[0095] Step 2: preparing a first charge transport layer on a transparent conductive glass substrate for standby use, wherein the first charge transport layer is an electron transport layer;

[0096] Step 3: preparing a passivation layer on the first charge transport layer for standby use;

[0097] Step 4: Prepare a perovskite layer on the passivation layer for later use;

[0098] Step 5: preparing a second charge transport layer on the perovskite layer for standby use, wherein the second charge transport layer is a hole transport layer;

[0099] Step 6: Prepare a second electrode layer on the second charge transport layer and perform edge cleaning test.

[0100] The method for preparing the novel inverted solar cell 100 comprises the following steps:

[0101] Step 1: etching and cleaning a transparent conductive glass substrate, and drying it for later use, wherein the transparent conductive glass substrate has a first electrode layer;

[0102] Step 2: preparing a first charge transport layer on a transparent conductive glass substrate for standby use, wherein the first charge transport layer is a hole transport layer;

[0103] Step 3: preparing a passivation layer on the first charge transport layer for standby use;

[0104] Step 4: Prepare a perovskite layer on the passivation layer for later use;

[0105] Step 5: preparing a second charge transport layer on the perovskite layer for standby use, wherein the second charge transport layer is an electron transport layer;

[0106] Step 6: Prepare a second electrode layer on the second charge transport layer and perform edge cleaning test.

[0107] The following is an example of a method for preparing a novel inverted solar cell 100:

[0108] Example 1

[0109] 1) Preparation of the First Electrode Layer: A 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm sheet of FTO conductive glass was prepared. 0.35 cm of FTO was removed from each end by laser etching to expose the glass substrate. The etched FTO conductive glass was ultrasonically cleaned several times with water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol, followed by drying with nitrogen.

[0110] 2) Preparation of the first charge transport layer: FTO was treated with UV ozone, and then a NiO layer with a thickness of about 30 nm was magnetron sputtered. x , annealing at 300°C for 60 min to obtain a first charge transport layer;

[0111] 3) Preparation of the passivation layer: 100 μL of a 5 mg / mL MOF-867 isopropanol solution was spin-coated at 4000 rpm onto the surface of the first charge transport layer and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to obtain a passivation layer with a thickness of approximately 15 nm.

[0112] 4) Preparation of the perovskite layer: A one-step process was used to prepare the perovskite layer. A perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated on the prepared passivation layer at 4000 rpm for 40 seconds. Approximately 10 seconds after the start of spin coating, 300 μL of antisolvent was added dropwise. The film was then placed on a hot plate and annealed at 100-120°C for 60 minutes to obtain a 500 nm thick perovskite layer composed of FAPbI3.

[0113] 5) Preparation of the second charge transport layer: Place the film with the perovskite layer into the evaporation apparatus and wait until the evaporation vacuum reaches 5×10 -4 Pa below, evaporate 30nm second charge transport layer C at a rate of 0.05A / s 60 ;

[0114] 6) Preparation of the second electrode layer: Place the film with the second charge transport layer into the evaporation apparatus and wait until the evaporation vacuum reaches 5×10 -4 Pa below, 80nm metal back electrode Ag was evaporated at a rate of 0.1A / s;

[0115] The perovskite solar cell obtained through the above steps is marked as cell device 1.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] Except step 3), the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0118] 3) Preparation of the passivation layer: 100 μL of a 3 mg / mL MOF-867 isopropanol solution was spin-coated at 4000 rpm onto the surface of the first charge transport layer and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to obtain a passivation layer with a thickness of approximately 10 nm.

[0119] The perovskite solar cell obtained through the above steps is marked as cell device 2.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] Except step 3), the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0122] 3) Preparation of the passivation layer: 100 μL of a 1 mg / mL MOF-867 solution in isopropanol was spin-coated at 4000 rpm onto the surface of the first charge transport layer and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to obtain a passivation layer with a thickness of approximately 5 nm.

[0123] The perovskite solar cell obtained through the above steps is marked as cell device 3.

[0124] Example 4

[0125] Except step 3), the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0126] 3) Preparation of the passivation layer: 100 μL of a 10 mg / mL MOF-867 solution in isopropanol was spin-coated at 4000 rpm onto the surface of the first charge transport layer and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to obtain a passivation layer with a thickness of approximately 20 nm.

[0127] The perovskite solar cell obtained through the above steps is marked as cell device 4.

[0128] Example 5

[0129] Except step 3), the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0130] 3) Preparation of the passivation layer: 100 μL of a 5 mg / mL IRMOF-9 solution in isopropanol was spin-coated at 4000 rpm onto the surface of the first charge transport layer and annealed at 100°C for 10 min to obtain a passivation layer with a thickness of approximately 15 nm.

[0131] The perovskite solar cell obtained through the above steps is marked as cell device 5.

[0132] Examples 6-7

[0133] Except that the passivation material MOF-867 in step 3) was replaced by MOF-801 (Zr) and MOF-5 (Zn), the remaining steps were the same as those in Example 1.

[0134] The perovskite solar cells obtained in the above steps are marked as cell devices 6 and 7 respectively.

[0135] Comparative Example 1

[0136] Except for step 3), the remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0137] The perovskite solar cell obtained through the above steps is marked as cell device 8.

[0138] The battery devices 1 to 8 obtained in the above Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to battery performance tests, and Table 1 was obtained.

[0139] Test method:

[0140] 1. Photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells

[0141] The cell performance was tested using a Keithley 2400SMU, AM 1.5G solar irradiation, under a 100mW / cm2 light source. The photoelectric conversion efficiency was calculated as follows:

[0142] PCE=Pout / Popt=Voc×Jsc×(Vmpp×Jmpp) / (Voc×Jsc)=Voc×Jsc×FF

[0143] Among them, Pout, Popt, Vmpp, Jmpp, Voc and Jsc are the battery operating output power, incident light power, battery maximum power point voltage, battery maximum power point current, open circuit voltage and short circuit current respectively.

[0144] 2. Stability test

[0145] The perovskite solar cell was placed on a hot plate at 75°C for heating, and its photoelectric conversion efficiency was tracked as it changed with aging time. The time required for its photoelectric conversion efficiency to decay to 80% of the initial efficiency was recorded as T80. The size of this parameter indicates the light stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0146] The perovskite solar cells obtained in the above embodiment and comparative example were tested according to the above process. The specific values ​​are shown in Table 1.

[0147] Table 1 Battery performance test

[0148]

[0149] As can be seen from the relevant data in Table 1, the battery devices of Examples 1 to 7 all use a metal-organic framework material whose end groups include at least a carboxylic acid group as the passivation layer of the trans device and arrange the passivation layer between the first charge transport layer and the perovskite layer. At the same time, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the time required for the photoelectric conversion efficiency to decay to 80% of the initial efficiency of the battery devices of Examples 1 to 7 are both higher than those of Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the application of the metal-organic framework material as the passivation layer of the perovskite solar cell can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and light stability of the perovskite solar cell.

[0150] The above description is only an implementation method of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the description and drawings of this application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A solar cell, characterized in that: At least: a first charge transport layer; perovskite layer; as well as A passivation layer is located between the first charge transport layer and the perovskite layer, wherein the passivation layer comprises a metal organic framework material, and the end groups of the metal organic framework material at least comprise a carboxylic acid group.

2. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The general formula of the metal organic framework material is: Wherein, the A unit is an organic framework structure group containing a metal ion, the B unit is any one of a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group connecting the organic framework structure group and the carboxyl group, and n is 1 to 6; When the B unit is an alkylene group, the number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group is 1 to 5; or When the B unit is an arylene group, the number of the arylene groups is 1 to 8; or When the B unit is a heteroarylene group, the number of the heteroarylene groups is 1 to 8.

3. The solar cell according to claim 2, wherein The structural formula of the organic framework group containing metal ions is 4. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The passivation layer is located at the lower interface of the perovskite layer.

5. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The thickness of the passivation layer is less than or equal to 20 nm.

6. The solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein The passivation layer includes at least one of MOF-867, IRMOF-9, MOF-801 (Zr), and MOF-5 (Zn).

7. A method for preparing a solar cell, characterized in that: At least: Providing a substrate structure, the substrate structure comprising a first charge transport layer; Disposing a passivation layer on the first charge transport layer, wherein the passivation layer is a metal organic framework material, and the end groups of the metal organic framework material include at least carboxylic acid groups; A perovskite layer is disposed on the passivation layer.

8. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 7, wherein: The step of providing a passivation layer on the first charge transport layer comprises: Providing a passivation precursor solution, placing the passivation precursor solution on the first charge transport layer, and performing a heat treatment to form the passivation layer; The passivation precursor solution includes the metal organic framework material and a solvent. The concentration of the metal organic framework material in the passivation precursor solution is 0.1 mg / ml to 5 mg / ml, and the solvent is a polar solvent.

9. The method for preparing a solar cell according to claim 8, wherein: After the passivation precursor solution is placed on the first charge transport layer, when no heat treatment is performed, the thickness of the wet film formed by the passivation precursor solution on the surface of the first charge transport layer is 100 nm to 200 nm.

10. An electrical device comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and / or a solar cell prepared by the method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

11. A power generation device comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and / or a solar cell prepared by the method for preparing a solar cell according to any one of claims 7 to 9.

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