Star-air-ground-well multi-method collaborative shallow coverage area copper-gold ore exploration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a satellite-air-ground-well multi-method collaborative shallow coverage area copper-gold ore exploration method, and relates to the technical field of mineral resource exploration, regional alteration mineral information is extracted in a shallow coverage area, and a porphyry type copper-gold ore prospecting prospective area is determined according to alteration mineral space distribution and zoning characteristics thereof; in the prospecting prospective area, a key exploration area is selected according to metallogenic geological conditions, aviation geophysical prospecting and aviation hyperspectral remote sensing investigation are carried out, and a prospecting favorable area is delineated; performing prospecting prediction on related ore types in the favorable prospecting area, and delineating a prospecting target area; determining a new drilling position in the target area; drilling verification and well logging are carried out, ground-well geophysical prospecting is carried out to describe the spatial form of the metallogenic geologic body, and the prospecting effect is expanded. According to the method, the favorable prospecting area and the prospecting target area can be more accurately delineated, the spatial form of the ore body is finely delineated, a reliable basis is provided for prospecting of the porphyry type copper-gold ore, and the prospecting success rate and efficiency of the porphyry type copper-gold ore in the shallow coverage area are greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mineral resource exploration, and more particularly to a method for exploring shallow-covered copper and gold deposits by using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well. Background Art

[0002] Currently, prospecting efforts are underway in exposed and semi-exposed bedrock areas. To implement a new round of prospecting, this effort is expanding into various areas with unique geological features. Shallow-covered areas, as one of these areas, have relatively low levels of geological exploration and offer significant prospecting potential. Therefore, conducting geophysical and remote sensing prospecting in these areas is both necessary and urgent.

[0003] For the exploration of porphyry copper-gold deposits in shallow coverage areas, traditional methods are often based on ground methods, with insufficient application of satellite, aviation and other data, and loose integration of geophysical and remote sensing methods. There are problems such as low detection accuracy, low detection efficiency, and unreasonable target area selection. A complete technical process for collaborative exploration of shallow coverage areas using multiple methods including satellite, air, ground and well has not yet been formed.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the efficiency and accuracy of porphyry copper-gold exploration in shallow coverage areas is an urgent problem that technicians in this field need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a satellite-air-ground-well multi-method coordinated copper-gold mine exploration method for shallow coverage areas, integrating multiple disciplines, rationally utilizing satellite, aviation, ground, and well multi-method means and exploration processes, realizing multi-dimensional and multi-method coordinated exploration, improving the efficiency and accuracy of porphyry copper-gold mine exploration in shallow coverage areas, and forming a set of practical and feasible satellite-air-ground-well geophysical remote sensing coordinated copper-gold mine exploration technical processes suitable for shallow coverage areas, meeting the exploration needs of porphyry copper-gold mines in shallow coverage areas.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for shallow-cover copper-gold exploration using multiple methods, including:

[0008] S1. Use satellite hyperspectral remote sensing to extract regional alteration mineral information in shallow coverage areas, and determine prospective areas for porphyry copper-gold deposits based on the spatial distribution and zoning characteristics of alteration minerals;

[0009] S2. In prospecting areas, select key exploration areas based on metallogenic geological conditions, conduct airborne geophysical surveys and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing surveys, and delineate favorable areas for prospecting;

[0010] S3. Carry out geological, ground geophysical and geochemical surveys, and ground spectral surveys in favorable prospecting areas to obtain measurement information; conduct a comprehensive analysis of the geological structure, geophysical and geochemical characteristics of known deposits in the favorable prospecting areas, and combine airborne geophysical and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing characteristics with ground measurement information to establish comprehensive prospecting indicators for porphyry copper-gold deposits; combine the metallogenic geological conditions and comprehensive prospecting indicators to conduct prospecting predictions for relevant mineral species in the favorable prospecting areas and delineate prospecting target areas;

[0011] S4. Based on the measurement information, on the basis of profile inversion and three-dimensional inversion, determine the location of new drill holes in the target area; implement drilling verification and well logging, carry out ground-well geophysical exploration to characterize the spatial morphology of mineralization geological bodies and discover new ore bodies.

[0012] Optionally, the S1 is specifically:

[0013] S11. Collect satellite hyperspectral data and conduct manual visual inspection to check the size of the hyperspectral image data, whether the bands are complete, whether the files are complete, cloud cover, image quality, image coordinate information, and image projection information, and then select high-quality data that meets the requirements;

[0014] S12, preprocessing satellite hyperspectral data;

[0015] S13, using a mineral stratification identification spectrum based on a decision tree to extract mineral information from the pre-processed satellite hyperspectral data and determine the mineral type;

[0016] S14, mineral abundance information inversion uses absorption valley depth for semi-quantitative extraction;

[0017] S15. Based on mineral extraction, determine the prospecting area for porphyry copper-gold deposits according to the distribution of altered minerals and alteration zoning characteristics in the porphyry copper-gold mineralization area.

[0018] Optionally, the preprocessing in S12 includes atmospheric correction, and after obtaining the atmospheric correction result, it is necessary to check:

[0019] A. Preliminary inspection based on the overall spectral morphology of the image: Check whether the spectral characteristics of specific objects are correct and reasonable;

[0020] B. Inspection based on image signal-to-noise ratio and atmospheric water vapor content inversion results: Compare the changes in data signal-to-noise ratio before and after spectral reconstruction, and inspect the atmospheric water vapor content inversion results to determine the atmospheric water vapor inversion quality in spectral reconstruction and whether atmospheric noise is introduced in spectral reconstruction;

[0021] C. Inspection based on the measured spectrum at the calibration point: Compare and analyze whether the spectrum characteristics of the ground at the calibration point are consistent with those of the image spectrum.

[0022] Optionally, the S13 specifically includes:

[0023] Treat each mineral as an isolated individual with no connection to the others;

[0024] Based on the understanding of mineral spectral laws and the analysis of the sensitivity and stability of spectral parameters, the idea of ​​establishing a mineral identification layered spectrum is proposed: first, the 0.4-2.5μm spectral range is divided into two regions, namely the spectral region less than 1μm and the spectral region greater than 2μm. The spectral band less than 1μm is the electron transition absorption band, which is used to identify Fe-containing minerals. 2+ 、Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ Minerals; the spectral bands in the spectral region greater than 2 μm are the sum or harmonic frequencies of complex anion vibrations, which are used to identify OH - and CO3 2- Minerals; then gradually subdivided into specific categories; minerals are divided into Fe-containing 2+ Minerals, Fe 3+ Minerals, Mn 2+ Minerals, carbonate minerals and OH-containing - mineral;

[0025] Based on this idea, a spectrum system for spectral identification of altered minerals is established: the mineral family is identified by the combined characteristics of the main absorption band and the secondary absorption band, and taking into account the variation of the absorption bands in different rocks; based on the fine characteristics and variation characteristics of the bands, combined with other spectral characteristics and applying the mixed spectral decomposition method, specific minerals or mineral variants are subdivided.

[0026] Optionally, the S2 is specifically:

[0027] S21. Based on the characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing, analysis of the metallogenic geological background, and combined with metallogenic laws, further select key exploration areas in prospecting areas and conduct airborne geophysical and hyperspectral remote sensing surveys;

[0028] S22. Use airborne geophysical survey to delineate regional magmatic rock-structure mapping and determine the spatial distribution of rock masses and structures related to the mine;

[0029] S23. Use aerial hyperspectral remote sensing to extract hyperspectral alteration minerals, analyze alteration zoning characteristics, and interpret geological elements in combination with high-resolution remote sensing;

[0030] S24. Integrate airborne geophysical prospecting and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing, and combine existing geological mineral resources, ground geophysical and geochemical prospecting, and spectral measurement data to identify favorable areas for prospecting.

[0031] Optionally, the S22 specifically includes:

[0032] An airborne gravimeter and an airborne magnetometer are simultaneously carried on the helicopter to carry out three-dimensional survey network planning, and a three-dimensional navigation indicator is used to carry out comprehensive airborne gravity and magnetic measurements; potential field conversion processing is carried out on the airborne gravity and magnetic fields, and continuation processing is used to reflect the information of geological bodies at different depths, and a preset method is used to highlight the information of shallow geological bodies; airborne electrical measurements are carried out in key exploration areas, and inversion is performed to obtain the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of the electrical properties of underground geological bodies. The airborne gravity and magnetic, electromagnetic anomaly characteristics and their data processing results are integrated with regional geological and drilling data to establish a basis for the delineation of igneous rocks and structures, determine the regional distribution of igneous rocks, and divide regional structures; three-dimensional geological-geophysical modeling is carried out in key prospecting areas to characterize the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies.

[0033] Optionally, the S23 specifically includes:

[0034] First, a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with aerial hyperspectral remote sensing equipment is used to complete the collection of aerial hyperspectral remote sensing data based on trajectory planning. Then, the collected data is preprocessed, and a mineral stratification identification spectrum based on a decision tree is used to extract mineral information and invert mineral abundance information. Then, the high-resolution remote sensing images and hyperspectral information enhanced images are combined to interpret geological elements, and the distribution of altered minerals and alteration zoning characteristics are used to provide remote sensing basis for the division of favorable areas for prospecting.

[0035] Through the above technical solutions, it can be known that compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a method for prospecting copper and gold deposits in shallow coverage areas that uses a collaborative approach of multiple methods, namely, star-air-ground-well. On the one hand, through the collaboration of multiple dimensional data from satellites, aviation, ground, and wells, geophysical remote sensing methods can achieve rapid and accurate delineation of favorable areas for prospecting and target areas for prospecting, improve drilling verification results, and provide important support for a new round of strategic actions for prospecting breakthroughs. On the other hand, the present invention also has strong adaptability, and can flexibly adjust the star-air-ground-well method technology combination according to different application requirements, thereby adapting to application scenarios such as other geological and geomorphological areas and other mineral exploration. In addition, the present invention has brought into play the advantages of multi-method collaboration, can more accurately delineate favorable areas for prospecting and target areas for prospecting, and finely depict the spatial morphology of the ore body, provide a reliable basis for prospecting for porphyry copper and gold deposits, and greatly improve the success rate and efficiency of prospecting for porphyry copper and gold deposits in shallow coverage areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] Figure 1The present invention provides a flow chart of the method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for prospecting shallow-covered copper and gold deposits by using multiple methods of satellite, air, ground and well. Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0040] S1. Using satellite hyperspectral remote sensing to extract regional alteration mineral information in shallow coverage areas, the prospecting areas for porphyry copper-gold deposits are determined based on the spatial distribution of altered minerals and their zoning characteristics, providing new insights into the mineralization environment analysis.

[0041] S11. Select satellite hyperspectral data with high spectral resolution, and conduct manual visual inspection to check the size of the hyperspectral image data, whether the bands are complete, whether the files are complete, cloud cover, image quality, image coordinate information, and whether the image projection information is complete, etc., to screen high-quality data that meets the requirements.

[0042] S12. Perform geometric correction, radiation correction, atmospheric correction and other preprocessing on satellite hyperspectral data. The atmospheric correction results are very important for subsequent applications and need to be checked. A. Preliminary inspection based on the overall morphology of the image spectrum: Check the spectral characteristics of specific landforms, such as green plants, water bodies, exposed rocks, etc., and whether the spectral change trends are correct and reasonable. B. Inspection based on the image signal-to-noise ratio and the inversion results of atmospheric water vapor content: Compare the changes in the data signal-to-noise ratio before and after spectral reconstruction, and check the inversion results of atmospheric water vapor content to determine the quality of atmospheric water vapor inversion in spectral reconstruction and whether obvious atmospheric noise is introduced in spectral reconstruction. C. Inspection based on the measured spectrum on the ground at the calibration point: Compare and analyze whether the ground spectrum at the calibration point is consistent with the image spectrum characteristics, paying special attention to whether the spectral band position, absorption valley shape and depth of the spectral absorption characteristics caused by the vibration of some molecular groups and electronic transitions are consistent.

[0043] S13. Use the mineral stratification identification spectrum based on decision tree to extract mineral information. In this method, each mineral is regarded as an isolated and unrelated individual. In the identification, the application of spectral parameters is treated equally, regardless of their sensitivity to mineral identification and stability under different conditions. To this end, based on the understanding of mineral spectral laws and the analysis of the sensitivity and stability of spectral parameters, the idea of ​​establishing a mineral identification stratification spectrum is proposed. First, the spectral range of 0.4-2.5μm is divided into two regions, namely the spectral region less than 1μm and the spectral region greater than 2μm. The spectral band less than 1μm is the electron transition absorption band, which is used to identify Fe-containing minerals. 2+ 、Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ Minerals; the spectral bands in the spectral region greater than 2 μm are the sum or harmonic frequencies of complex anion vibrations, which are used to identify OH - and CO3 2- Minerals; then gradually subdivided into specific categories. According to the position of the main spectral bands, minerals are divided into Fe2+ minerals, Fe 3+ Minerals, Mn 2+ Minerals, carbonate minerals, minerals containing Al-OH bonds, minerals containing Mg-OH bonds, etc.

[0044] Based on this approach, a spectral identification system for altered minerals was established: mineral families were identified based on the combined characteristics of primary and secondary absorption bands, taking into account the variation in absorption bands across different rocks. Based on fine-scale and variable characteristics such as the precise position, shape, accompanying bands, and faint bands, combined with other spectral features (such as spectral intensity and overall spectral characteristics), a hybrid spectral decomposition method was applied to subdivide specific minerals or mineral variants. Thus, a tree-like identification system for minerals was established. Based on this system, mineral species can be identified.

[0045] S14. Mineral abundance information is semi-quantitatively extracted using absorption valley depth. Before calculating the absorption valley depth, continuum removal (normalization) is performed using a linear fit line of reflectance from the shoulders on both sides of the valley as a benchmark. This continuum removal method is to divide the reflectance spectrum by the fit line. Mineral composition identification generally involves determining the relative content of metal ions or the ratio of different metal ions in a mineral.

[0046] S15. Based on the extraction of altered minerals, the distribution of altered minerals within porphyry copper-gold mineralization areas and the alteration transition phenomenon of "greenstone lithification-pelitic lithification-pyrite sericite lithification-potassic lithification"—that is, the spatial distribution and zoning characteristics of altered minerals—determine prospecting areas for porphyry copper-gold deposits, providing new insights into metallogenic environment analysis. It should be noted that this alteration zoning characteristic is not absolute; porphyry copper-gold deposits in different regions may vary slightly.

[0047] S2. In prospecting areas, select key exploration areas based on the metallogenic geological conditions, conduct airborne geophysical (gravity, magnetism, and electricity) and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing surveys, and delineate favorable areas for prospecting.

[0048] S21. Based on the characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing and the analysis of the mineralization geological background, combined with the mineralization laws, further select key exploration areas in the prospecting areas and carry out airborne geophysical (gravity, magnetism and electricity) and hyperspectral remote sensing surveys.

[0049] S22. Use airborne geophysical prospecting (gravity, magnetism, and electricity) to delineate regional magmatic rocks and structural mapping, and determine the spatial distribution of rock masses and structures related to the mine. Simultaneously carry an airborne gravimeter and an airborne magnetometer on a helicopter to plan a three-dimensional survey network, and use a three-dimensional navigation indicator to conduct integrated airborne gravity and magnetic surveys. Perform potential field conversion processing on the airborne gravity and magnetic fields, use continuation processing to reflect information on geological bodies at different depths, and use residual anomalies, autocorrelation filtering, derivative calculations, gradient modulus calculations, and other methods to highlight information on shallow geological bodies. Conduct airborne electrical (TEM) surveys in key areas and perform inversion to obtain the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of the electrical properties of underground geological bodies. Integrate the airborne gravity, magnetic, and electromagnetic anomaly characteristics and their data processing results with regional geological and drilling data to establish a basis for delineating magmatic rocks and structures, determine the regional distribution of magmatic rocks, and divide regional structures. Conduct three-dimensional geological and geophysical modeling in key prospecting areas, especially for rock masses and structures related to the mine, to characterize the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies.

[0050] S23. Use aerial hyperspectral remote sensing to extract hyperspectral altered minerals, analyze alteration zoning characteristics, and interpret key geological elements in conjunction with high-resolution remote sensing. Aerial hyperspectral data has a much higher resolution than satellite hyperspectral data. Using detailed mineral distribution and alteration zoning characteristics, it plays an important role in delineating favorable areas for prospecting. First, use a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with aerial hyperspectral remote sensing equipment to complete aerial hyperspectral remote sensing data collection based on track planning. Then, similar to satellite hyperspectral data, the collected data is pre-processed with geometric correction, radiation correction, and atmospheric correction. A decision tree-based mineral stratification identification spectrum is used to extract mineral information and invert mineral abundance information. Then, combining high-resolution remote sensing images with hyperspectral information-enhanced images, key geological elements are interpreted, and altered mineral distribution and alteration zoning characteristics are used to provide remote sensing evidence for the delineation of favorable areas for prospecting.

[0051] S24. Delineate favorable prospecting areas by integrating airborne geophysical (gravity, magnetism, and electricity) and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing, combined with existing geological and mineral resources, ground geophysical and geochemical data, and spectral measurements. Based on geophysical information reflected by high-precision airborne gravity, magnetism, and electromagnetic data, as well as airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data, combined with regional geological mineralization conditions and research and analysis of known mineral deposits (points), delineate favorable prospecting areas using airborne geophysical and hyperspectral characteristics, airborne geophysical anomalies, and airborne hyperspectral alteration mineralogy and zoning characteristics.

[0052] S3. Carry out geological, ground geophysical and geochemical surveys, and ground spectral surveys in favorable prospecting areas. Ground geophysical and geochemical surveys mainly include gravity, magnetic, electrical, and geochemical surveys. Integrate information from airborne geophysical, remote sensing, ground geophysical and geochemical surveys, ground spectral surveys, core physical property measurements and spectral scanning, and geology to establish comprehensive prospecting indicators for porphyry copper-gold deposits, including geology, geophysics, remote sensing, and geochemistry. Through a comprehensive analysis of the geological structure, geophysical, and geochemical characteristics of known deposits (points) in the study area, based on prospecting information reflected by fault structures, igneous rocks, and other characteristics revealed by airborne geophysical and remote sensing, and by local anomalies in airborne gravity, magnetic, and airborne electrical data, combined with metallogenic geological conditions and comprehensive prospecting indicators, conduct prospecting predictions for relevant minerals in the study area and define prospecting targets.

[0053] S4. According to the characteristics of aerial geophysical remote sensing and the results of ground geophysical and chemical remote sensing, on the basis of profile inversion and three-dimensional inversion, determine the location of new drill holes in the target area; implement drilling verification and well logging, carry out ground-well geophysical exploration to characterize the spatial morphology of mineralization geological bodies and expand the prospecting effect.

[0054] In the process of implementing the above method, all algorithms not specifically described are based on existing technologies.

[0055] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method description.

[0056] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for prospecting shallow-cover copper and gold deposits by using multiple methods, including space-air-ground-well, characterized in that: include: S1. Use satellite hyperspectral remote sensing to extract regional alteration mineral information in shallow coverage areas, and determine prospective areas for porphyry copper-gold deposits based on the spatial distribution and zoning characteristics of alteration minerals; S2. In prospecting areas, select key exploration areas based on metallogenic geological conditions, conduct airborne geophysical surveys and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing surveys, and delineate favorable areas for prospecting; S3. Carry out geological, ground geophysical and geochemical surveys, and ground spectral surveys in favorable prospecting areas to obtain measurement information; conduct a comprehensive analysis of the geological structure, geophysical and geochemical characteristics of known deposits in the favorable prospecting areas, and combine airborne geophysical and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing characteristics with ground measurement information to establish comprehensive prospecting indicators for porphyry copper-gold deposits; combine the metallogenic geological conditions and comprehensive prospecting indicators to conduct prospecting predictions for relevant mineral species in the favorable prospecting areas and delineate prospecting target areas; S4. Based on the results of airborne geophysical exploration, hyperspectral remote sensing and ground measurements, and on the basis of geophysical profile inversion and three-dimensional inversion, determine the location of new drill holes in the target area; implement drilling verification and well logging, and carry out ground-to-well geophysical exploration to characterize the spatial morphology of mineralized geological bodies and discover new ore bodies.

2. The method for shallow-cover copper-gold mine exploration using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S1 is specifically: S11. Collect satellite hyperspectral data and conduct manual visual inspection to check the size of the hyperspectral image data, whether the bands are complete, whether the files are complete, cloud cover, image quality, image coordinate information, and image projection information, and then select high-quality data that meets the requirements; S12, preprocessing satellite hyperspectral data; S13, using a mineral stratification identification spectrum based on a decision tree to extract mineral information from the pre-processed satellite hyperspectral data and determine the mineral type; S14, mineral abundance information inversion uses absorption valley depth for semi-quantitative extraction; S15. Based on mineral extraction, determine the prospecting area for porphyry copper-gold deposits according to the distribution of altered minerals and alteration zoning characteristics in the porphyry copper-gold mineralization area.

3. The method for shallow-cover copper-gold mine exploration using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The preprocessing in S12 includes atmospheric correction. After obtaining the atmospheric correction result, it is necessary to check: A. Preliminary inspection based on the overall spectral morphology of the image: Check whether the spectral characteristics of specific objects are correct and reasonable; B. Inspection based on image signal-to-noise ratio and atmospheric water vapor content inversion results: Compare the changes in data signal-to-noise ratio before and after spectral reconstruction, and inspect the atmospheric water vapor content inversion results to determine the atmospheric water vapor inversion quality in spectral reconstruction and whether atmospheric noise is introduced in spectral reconstruction; C. Inspection based on the measured spectrum on the ground at the calibration point: Compare and analyze whether the spectrum characteristics of the ground at the calibration point are consistent with those of the image spectrum.

4. The method for shallow-cover copper-gold mine exploration using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The S13 specifically includes: Treat each mineral as an isolated individual with no connection to the others; Based on the understanding of mineral spectral laws and the analysis of the sensitivity and stability of spectral parameters, the idea of ​​establishing a mineral identification layered spectrum is proposed: first, the 0.4-2.5μm spectral range is divided into two regions, namely the spectral region less than 1μm and the spectral region greater than 2μm. The spectral band less than 1μm is the electron transition absorption band, which is used to identify Fe-containing minerals. 2+ 、Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ Minerals; the spectral bands in the spectral region greater than 2μm are the sum or harmonic frequencies of complex anion vibrations, which are used to identify OH - and CO3 2- Minerals; then gradually subdivided into specific categories; minerals are divided into Fe-containing 2+ Minerals, Fe 3+ Minerals, Mn 2+ Minerals, carbonate minerals and OH-containing - mineral; Based on this idea, a spectrum system for spectral identification of altered minerals is established: the mineral family is identified by the combined characteristics of the main absorption band and the secondary absorption band, and taking into account the variation of the absorption bands in different rocks; based on the fine characteristics and variation characteristics of the bands, combined with other spectral characteristics and applying the mixed spectral decomposition method, specific minerals or mineral variants are subdivided.

5. The method for shallow-cover copper-gold mine exploration using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S2 is specifically: S21. Based on the characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing, analysis of the metallogenic geological background, and combined with metallogenic laws, further select key exploration areas in prospecting areas and conduct airborne geophysical and hyperspectral remote sensing surveys; S22. Use airborne geophysical survey to delineate regional magmatic rock-structure mapping and determine the spatial distribution of rock masses and structures related to the mine; S23. Use aerial hyperspectral remote sensing to extract hyperspectral alteration minerals, analyze alteration zoning characteristics, and interpret geological elements in combination with high-resolution remote sensing; S24. Integrate airborne geophysical prospecting and airborne hyperspectral remote sensing, and combine existing geological mineral resources, ground geophysical and geochemical prospecting, and spectral measurement data to identify favorable areas for prospecting.

6. The method for shallow-cover copper-gold mine exploration using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well according to claim 5, characterized in that: The S22 specifically includes: An airborne gravimeter and an airborne magnetometer are simultaneously carried on the helicopter to carry out three-dimensional survey network planning, and a three-dimensional navigation indicator is used to carry out comprehensive airborne gravity and magnetic measurements; potential field conversion processing is carried out on the airborne gravity and magnetic fields, and continuation processing is used to reflect the information of geological bodies at different depths, and a preset method is used to highlight the information of shallow geological bodies; airborne electrical measurements are carried out in key exploration areas, and inversion is performed to obtain the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of the electrical properties of underground geological bodies. The airborne gravity and magnetic, electromagnetic anomaly characteristics and their data processing results are integrated with regional geological and drilling data to establish a basis for the delineation of igneous rocks and structures, determine the regional distribution of igneous rocks, and divide regional structures; in key prospecting areas, three-dimensional geological-geophysical modeling is carried out to characterize the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies.

7. The method for shallow-cover copper-gold mine exploration using multiple methods coordinated by space, air, ground and well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S23 specifically includes: First, a fixed-wing aircraft equipped with aerial hyperspectral remote sensing equipment is used to complete the collection of aerial hyperspectral remote sensing data based on trajectory planning. Then, the collected data is preprocessed, and a mineral stratification identification spectrum based on a decision tree is used to extract mineral information and invert mineral abundance information. Then, the high-resolution remote sensing images and hyperspectral information enhanced images are combined to interpret geological elements, and the distribution of altered minerals and alteration zoning characteristics are used to provide remote sensing basis for the division of favorable areas for prospecting.

Images