Visual motion function test system and method based on full-view surrounding synchronous visual stimulation

Abstract

The invention provides a visual motion function test system and method based on full-view surround synchronous visual stimulation, and is applied to the technical field of medical data processing. Visual stimulation parameters and rotating bar motion mode parameters are combined, the rolling direction of a bar and the rotating direction of a rotating bar are synchronously matched, a synchronous presentation scene of visual stimulation and motion tasks is established based on a four-screen linkage control technology and a rotating bar-screen adaptive design, and full-view stimulation constraint conditions are generated; processing is carried out based on visual stimulation parameters, rotating rod reference data, synchronous control logic and dynamic parameter combination constraint conditions, and rod time, rotating speed during falling and motion trail data are collected; processing the collected kinematics data, and combining functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain region neuron activation counting to generate motion balance ability and brain function associated data; and processing by combining normality test and an inter-group statistical method to generate a vision-motion function evaluation result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical data processing, and in particular to a visual motion function testing system and method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation. Background Art

[0002] Visual information, as the primary sensory input for animals to perceive their environment, has a crucial influence on the planning and execution of motor behavior. With the continued advancement of research on sensorimotor integration, the neural mechanisms underlying the influence of vision on animal motor function and the complex brain functional networks involved have received widespread attention. Existing research has shown that visual information plays a crucial role in animal motor planning. Visual input helps animals identify obstacles and target locations in the environment, thereby guiding their choice of movement path and significantly improving the accuracy of motor decisions. Furthermore, visual feedback is crucial for the preparation and execution of movements during goal-directed tasks, helping animals adjust and optimize their motor performance. The retina-lateral geniculate nucleus-primary visual cortex pathway is the foundation of the central neural network for visual-motor interaction. Photoreceptors in the retina convert light signals into electrical signals, which are transmitted via the optic nerve to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and then to the primary visual cortex (V1). This pathway not only processes basic visual information but also provides the foundation for higher-level visual perception and motor responses. Simultaneously, the primary visual cortex regulates motor planning and execution through interaction with the motor cortex. When executing visually guided movements, the motor cortex generates feedback from the visual cortex, influencing the speed and accuracy of movement. Based on the information exchange between the visual and motor cortices, the thalamus-tectum-basal ganglia motor circuit supplements and modulates the interaction between visual signals and motor control, forming a complex motor control network that achieves central integration of visual input and motor control output.

[0003] Relying on mature genetic experimental methods and rich neuroanatomical resources, mice have become an important animal model for neuroscience research. In the study of the brain mechanism of the influence of vision on movement using mice as an animal model, behavioral assessment technology is a crucial research tool. This technology can evaluate the motor performance and coordination ability of mice under different visual stimuli. Among them, the rotarod balance test is an important method for evaluating the motor function of mice. This experiment can not only reflect the balance and coordination ability of the test animals, but also detect their overall motor ability, endurance and muscle strength. This experiment evaluates the motor function of mice, including motor coordination and balance ability, by measuring the time the mice stay on the rotarod and the number of times they fall.

[0004] However, existing research methods and equipment do not apply any visual stimulation elements to mice during the test process, and no movement task scenarios containing visual stimulation loads are formed. Therefore, they can only reflect the movement ability of experimental animals and cannot directly evaluate the impact of vision on movement ability and movement-synchronized brain function. To this end, it is necessary to design movement task scenarios containing visual stimulation loads and form testing equipment that synchronizes the presentation of visual stimulation with movement task observation. While obtaining kinematic parameters, it can stimulate the function of the visual-motor neural circuit, forming experimental technical methods and equipment that can intuitively and accurately reflect the impact of vision on movement ability and its synchronous brain function.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present application aims to provide a system and method for testing visuomotor function based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation, at least to a certain extent overcoming the challenges of existing techniques. For experimental mice, specific visual stimulation is selected based on their visual state and performed simultaneously with the rotarod test to create a visually taxing motor task. The time on the rod and the rotational speed are collected as movement parameters, and the number of activated neurons in specific brain regions is counted by staining brain tissue as a brain function parameter. Statistical comparisons between groups are then performed to evaluate the effects of visual state on motor balance and synchronized brain function.

[0007] Other features and advantages of the present application will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part by practice of the invention.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for testing visual motion function based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation is provided, including: obtaining visual stimulation parameters and rotating rod device benchmark data, the visual stimulation parameters including the spatial frequency and movement speed of the black and white bar grid visual mark selected according to the visual state, and the rotating rod device benchmark data including the rotating rod diameter, acceleration, rotation speed range and four-screen surround layout parameters, wherein the spatial frequency of the black and white bar grid visual mark is 0.1-1.0 cycle / deg, the movement speed is 0.1-10° / s, the rotating rod diameter is 2-3cm, the acceleration is 0.1-5 rpm², the rotation speed range is 5-60 rpm, and the four-screen surround covers the visual field of 0° to 180° in front and 0° to 45° to the side; visual stimulation parameters and rotating rod movement pattern are tested. The parameters are combined to synchronously match the rolling direction of the grating and the rotation direction of the rotarod. Based on the four-screen linkage control technology and the rotarod-screen adaptation design, the synchronization rules of visual stimulation and motor tasks are established to generate full-field stimulation constraints. The visual stimulation parameters, rotarod benchmark data, synchronous control logic and dynamic parameter combination constraints are processed to collect the rod time, rotation speed and motion trajectory data. The collected kinematic data are processed and combined with functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain area neuron activation counts to generate data related to motor balance ability and brain function, among which the visual state grouping includes normal vision and visual impairment. The correlation data and parameter settings are processed based on the normality test and inter-group statistical methods to generate visual-motor function evaluation results.

[0009] Another aspect of the present application is a visual-motor function testing device based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation, characterized in that it includes: an acquisition module for acquiring visual stimulation parameters and rotating rod equipment benchmark data; a processing module for combining the visual stimulation parameters and rotating rod motion mode parameters, synchronously matching the rolling direction of the bar grid and the rotation direction of the rotating rod, establishing synchronization rules for visual stimulation and motion tasks based on four-screen linkage control technology and rotating rod-screen adaptation design, and generating full-field stimulation constraints; processing based on visual stimulation parameters, rotating rod benchmark data, synchronous control logic and dynamic parameter combination constraints, collecting rod time, rotation speed at drop and motion trajectory data; processing the collected kinematic data, combining functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain area neuron activation counts to generate motion balance ability and brain function correlation data, wherein the visual state grouping includes normal vision and visual impairment; processing the correlation data and parameter setting basis in combination with normality test and inter-group statistical method to generate visual-motor function evaluation results.

[0010] According to another aspect of the present application, an electronic device is characterized in that it includes: a first processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the first processor; wherein the first processor is configured to execute the above-mentioned visual motion function testing method based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation by executing the executable instructions.

[0011] According to another aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a second processor, the visual-motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation is implemented.

[0012] The present application provides a visual motor function test system and method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation. According to the visual state of the experimental mice, the visual stimulation of a specific intensity is selected, and the stimulation is implemented synchronously in the rotating rod test to form a motion task with visual load. In the experiment, the mice synchronously completed the rotating rod task and watched the stimulation, and the rod time and the rotating rod speed when falling were collected as kinematic parameters of the motion balance function. After the mice completed the task, the brain tissue was taken for staining, and the number of stained neuronal cell bodies in a specific brain area was counted as a quantitative parameter of the functional activity of the brain area. The parameters of normal and visually impaired mice were compared between groups using corresponding statistical methods according to the data distribution to evaluate the impact of differences in visual state on the motion balance ability and motion synchronization brain function.

[0013] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 A flowchart of a visual motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown; Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram of a visual-motor function testing device based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation provided by an embodiment of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0016] The following combination Figure 1 The following describes a method for testing visual motor function based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that the following application scenarios are only shown to facilitate understanding of the design and principles of the present application, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited in this respect. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application are applicable to other applicable scenarios.

[0017] In one embodiment, the present application also proposes a visual-motor function testing system and method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation. Figure 1 The present invention schematically illustrates a flow chart of a visual-motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0018] S101, obtaining visual stimulation parameters and rotarod device benchmark data.

[0019] In one embodiment, 8-week-old C57BL / 6 male mice were used as experimental subjects and divided into two groups: a control group with normal vision (clear cornea, visual acuity of approximately 0.3-0.5 cycles / deg) and an experimental group with mild visual impairment caused by corneal chemical injury (mild to moderate corneal opacity, with the iris and pupil vaguely visible through the cornea). The control group used a spatial frequency of 0.3 cycles / deg (matching the visual range of normal mice), while the experimental group, with mild visual impairment, also used 0.3 cycles / deg (consistent with the stimulus intensity of a mild impairment model). For mice with moderate visual impairment (more pronounced corneal opacity), 0.2 cycles / deg was used. For both groups, a speed of 5° / s (commonly used for dynamic visual response testing) was used. This speed can be lowered to 0.5° / s for testing static vision-related motor function.

[0020] The baseline data for the rotating rod device is as follows: a 2.5cm diameter is selected to meet the physiological grasping dimensions of a mouse's forelimbs, avoiding either an excessively thick rod (over 3cm) that causes an unstable grip or a thin rod (under 2cm) that causes slippage. The acceleration is set to 2 rpm², balancing both basic balance testing (5-15 rpm at low speeds) and complex movement assessment (30-60 rpm at high speeds). The speed range is 5-60 rpm, with fine adjustments of 0.1 rpm. For example, starting at 5 rpm, the acceleration can be gradually increased to 60 rpm at the set speed.

[0021] The four-screen surround layout parameters are as follows: the bottom screen measures 25 cm × 25 cm (corresponding to 10.4 inches), with a resolution of 2560 × 1600, completely covering the 20 cm × 20 cm base of the rotarod apparatus and providing the background for the underlying visual stimulation. The front screen, located 12 cm from the mouse, measures 20 cm × 30 cm, has a resolution of 2560 × 1600, and covers the mouse's 0° to 180° visual field (horizontal × vertical). This serves as the primary stimulation screen. Two side screens, each measuring 20 cm × 30 cm, seamlessly connect to the front screen, respectively covering the mouse's left and right visual fields from 0° to 45°, forming the surround stimulation area. All four screens were set to a brightness of 400 cd / m², a refresh rate of 60 Hz, and a contrast ratio of 1500:1 to ensure that the visual bar pattern was clear, flicker-free, and fully occupied the mouse's visual field.

[0022] S102, combining visual stimulation parameters and rotarod motion pattern parameters, synchronously matching the grating scrolling direction with the rotarod rotation direction, establishing synchronization rules for visual stimulation and motion tasks based on four-screen linkage control technology and rotarod-screen adaptation design, and generating full-field stimulation constraint conditions.

[0023] In one embodiment, a combined correlation analysis is performed on visual stimulation parameters and rotarod motion pattern parameters to generate simulated correlation analysis results for the direction matching of bar rolling and rotarod rotation. Taking the test of 8-week-old C57BL / 6 male mice as an example, the visual stimulation parameters used a horizontal right-rolling bar with a spatial frequency of 0.3 cycle / deg and a movement speed of 5° / s. The rotarod motion pattern parameters were set to clockwise rotation (matching the direction of bar rolling) and an acceleration of 2 rpm². Through simulation analysis, it was found that when the direction of bar rolling was consistent with the direction of rotarod rotation, the correlation between the mouse's visual tracking and limb movement coordination reached 0.85 (out of a full score of 1.0); if the bar was changed to horizontal left rolling (opposite to the direction of rotarod rotation), the correlation dropped to 0.32, indicating that directional consistency has a significant effect on visual-motor synergy.

[0024] The results of the correlation analysis were filtered to generate a list of target simulation variables, including parameters for the direction of the grating, the direction of the rotarod, the delay for synchronized refresh of the four screens, and the rotarod-screen center misalignment. Based on this correlation analysis, the core variables influencing the synchronization between visual stimulation and motor tasks were identified as follows: grating direction parameters: horizontal left / right, vertical up / down (default horizontal right, matching clockwise rotation of the rotarod); rotarod rotation direction parameters: clockwise / counterclockwise (default clockwise, matching horizontal right grating); synchronized refresh delay of the four screens: the measured refresh delay of the four screens was ≤1 frame (approximately 16.7 ms), well below the visual response threshold of mice (≥50 ms); and rotarod-screen center misalignment: the rotarod mounting bracket was adjusted to ensure that the alignment deviation between the rotarod center and the center of the front screen was ≤0.5 cm to avoid interference caused by visual stimulus offset.

[0025] The association analysis results and the target simulation variable list were processed to generate parameter combination constraints, including spatial constraints for full visual field coverage, temporal synchronization of visual stimulation and motor task, and semantic constraints for directional consistency between the bars and the rotarod. The spatial constraints for full visual field coverage required that the bottom screen completely cover the rotarod base (25 cm × 25 cm), the front screen cover the mouse's visual field from 0° to 180°, and the side screens cover the mouse's visual field from 0° to 45°, ensuring that the entire visual field of the mouse was occupied by the bars during movement, with no blind spots.

[0026] The timing synchronization constraint of visual stimulation and movement task is that the scrolling speed of the grating is dynamically matched with the rotation speed of the rotating rod (for example, when the rotating rod speed is 10 rpm, the grating movement speed is correspondingly adjusted to 3° / s), and the synchronous refresh delay of the four screens is ≤1 frame to ensure the real-time nature of visual stimulation and movement rhythm.

[0027] The semantic constraint of bar-rotor direction consistency forces the bar rolling direction to be consistent with the rod rotation direction (e.g., when the bar is horizontally to the right, the rod rotates clockwise), avoiding direction conflicts that may cause visual confusion in mice. This constraint is solidified in the program through code (e.g., when the rod rotates clockwise, the bar rolls horizontally to the right by default).

[0028] S103 , based on the visual stimulation parameters, the rotating rod reference data, the synchronous control logic and the dynamic parameter combination constraint conditions, the time on the rod, the rotation speed when falling and the motion trajectory data are collected.

[0029] In one embodiment, feature extraction is performed on visual stimulus parameters, rotarod baseline data, and dynamic parameter combination constraints to generate visual stimulus features, rotarod motion features, and synchronization control features. Core features extracted from the visual stimulus parameters include a spatial frequency of 0.3 cycles / deg (matching the vision of normal and mildly impaired mice), a motion speed of 5° / s (commonly used in dynamic vision testing), a horizontal rightward bar scrolling direction (matching the rotation direction of the rotarod), and a four-screen display with a brightness of 400 cd / m² and a contrast ratio of 1500:1, ensuring that the visual stimulus is clear and consistent with the visual sensitivity of mice.

[0030] Key parameters were extracted from the rotarod benchmark data, including a diameter of 2.5 cm (consistent with the physiological grip dimensions of mice), an acceleration of 2 rpm² (covering both low-speed basic testing and high-speed, complex assessments), a rotation speed range of 5-60 rpm (with fine adjustment of 0.1 rpm), and a clockwise rotation direction (aligned with the direction of the grating). Based on dynamic parameter combination constraints, features such as a four-screen synchronous refresh delay of ≤1 frame (approximately 16.7 ms), rotarod-screen center alignment deviation of ≤0.5 cm, and dynamic matching of grating speed to rotarod speed (e.g., 10 rpm for a grating of 3° / s) were extracted to ensure temporal consistency between visual stimulation and motor tasks.

[0031] The kinematic data collection process was subjected to feature extraction to generate behavioral parameter features and trajectory features. The behavioral parameter features included quantitative data on rod time and rotational speed during the drop; the trajectory features included kinematic data on limb swing amplitude and center of gravity offset recorded by a high-speed camera. Quantitative data were collected using a rotarod apparatus and infrared sensors, including rod time (e.g., average 250.3 seconds for the control group and 73.5 seconds for the experimental group) and rotational speed during the drop (average 33.3 rpm for the control group and 9.8 rpm for the experimental group), recorded to 0.1 second, directly reflecting differences in mice's balance ability.

[0032] Kinematic indicators were recorded and extracted using a high-speed camera (200 frames / s), including forepaw swing amplitude (average ±15° in the control group and ±25° in the experimental group), center of gravity offset (maximum 5 mm in the control group and maximum 12 mm in the experimental group), center of gravity stability index (0.8±0.1 in the control group and 1.5±0.3 in the experimental group), and limb slippage duration (average 3.2 seconds in the experimental group and almost no slippage in the control group) to quantify the mouse's motor coordination and stability.

[0033] Based on full-field stimulation constraints, analysis and processing were performed combining visual stimulation characteristics, rotarod motion characteristics, synchronous control characteristics, behavioral parameter characteristics, and trajectory characteristics. During data collection, parameter settings were verified to ensure compliance with equipment technical standards and experimental design logic. Motion balance performance data was generated. This motion balance performance data was used to characterize motion characteristics in different visual states, generating motion data results that included visual stimulation parameters, rotarod baseline data, and synchronous control logic. The experimental conditions were verified to ensure compliance by confirming that the four-screen layout covered the 0° to 180° frontal field of view and the 0° to 45° lateral field of view (without blind spots), that the scrolling direction of the grating was consistent with the rotation direction of the rotarod (horizontally rightward versus clockwise), that the synchronization delay was ≤1 frame (in compliance with equipment technical standards), and that parameters such as the rotarod diameter and acceleration were within the preset ranges (2-3 cm, 0.1-5 rpm²).

[0034] The combined analysis results generated motion signature data representing different visual states: the control group experienced prolonged time on the rod, high drop speed, symmetrical limb swing, and a stable center of gravity; the experimental group experienced short time on the rod, low drop speed, disordered limb swing, and significant center of gravity shift. This data, which includes visual stimulus parameters (such as 0.3 cycles / deg), rod baseline data (such as 2.5 cm diameter), and synchronization control logic (such as directional consistency), comprehensively reflects the impact of visual state on motor balance ability.

[0035] S104: Processing the collected kinematic data, combining it with functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain region neuron activation counts, to generate data related to movement balance ability and brain function.

[0036] In one embodiment, the collected kinematic data is extracted and standardized to generate quantitative indicators of movement balance ability, wherein each type of indicator is associated with a corresponding visual stimulation parameter label. Core indicators are extracted from the collected raw data and standardized: time on the rod (unit: seconds, accurate to 0.1 seconds), rotation speed when falling (unit: revolutions per minute, accurate to 0.1 revolutions per minute), forepaw swing amplitude (unit: degrees), and center of gravity offset (unit: mm). Each type of indicator is associated with a visual stimulation parameter label, such as "time on the rod - 0.3cycle / deg - 5° / s" and "center of gravity offset - 0.3cycle / deg - 5° / s", to clarify the correspondence between the indicator and the visual stimulation conditions and ensure data traceability.

[0037] Based on quantitative indicators of motor balance ability, kinematic data from different visual status groups were compared to generate preliminary results. Using 8-week-old C57BL / 6 male mice as an example, preliminary results for a control group (normal vision) and an experimental group (mild visual impairment) showed that the control group had a mean time on the rod of 250.3 seconds, a mean rotation speed of 33.3 rpm during the drop, a forepaw swing amplitude of ±15°, and a maximum center of gravity shift of 5 mm. The experimental group had a mean time on the rod of 73.5 seconds, a mean rotation speed of 9.8 rpm during the drop, a forepaw swing amplitude of ±25°, and a maximum center of gravity shift of 12 mm. Preliminary results showed that the control group outperformed the experimental group in all indicators, suggesting that visual impairment may impair the motor balance ability of mice.

[0038] Preliminary movement data were statistically validated to generate target movement balance performance data. A corresponding mapping relationship was established within the dataset, with the key representing the visual state group and the value representing the associated kinematic indicator. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify data normality, showing that both data sets conformed to a normal distribution (P>0.05). Further verification using an independent sample t-test revealed that the control group spent significantly longer on the rod than the experimental group (t=9.842, P<0.001), and had a significantly higher rotational speed during the drop (t=9.835, P<0.001). Significant differences were also observed in forepaw swing amplitude and center of gravity offset (both P<0.01). After generating the target data, a mapping relationship was established: the key was “control group” and the value was [time on the rod 250.3±35.4 seconds, drop speed 33.3±4.7 rpm, forepaw swing amplitude ±15°±2°, center of gravity offset 5±1 mm]; the key was “experimental group” and the value was [time on the rod 73.5±19.0 seconds, drop speed 9.8±2.5 rpm, forepaw swing amplitude ±25°±3°, center of gravity offset 12±2 mm].

[0039] After completing all rotarod tests, the visual state grouping information was matched with brain region neuron activation count data to generate functional parameter association features. The brain region neuron activation count data included the number of c-fos-positive neurons in regions V1 and M2. After all tests were completed, brain tissue sections were obtained from both groups of mice, and the number of c-fos-positive neurons (diameter > 5 μm and fluorescence intensity 2 times higher than the background mean) in regions V1 and M2 was counted using a blinded method: the control group had an average of 120 neurons / slice in V1 and 85 neurons / slice in M2; the experimental group had an average of 65 neurons / slice in V1 and 40 neurons / slice in M2. The count results were matched with the visual state grouping to generate functional parameter association features: "Control group - 120 ± 15 neurons in V1, 85 ± 10 neurons in M2" and "Experimental group - 65 ± 10 neurons in V1, 40 ± 8 neurons in M2."

[0040] Correlation analysis was performed between the quantitative indicators of motor balance ability and functional parameters to generate interactive features of motor-brain function. Pearson correlation analysis (data were normally distributed) revealed that the time spent on the rod was positively correlated with the number of activated neurons in area V1 (r=0.82, P<0.01) and area M2 (r=0.75, P<0.01). The rotational speed during the drop was positively correlated with the number of activated neurons in area V1 (r=0.78, P<0.01). The generated interactive features included: "Longer time on the rod was associated with increased neuronal activation in areas V1 and M2," and "Higher rotational speed during the drop was associated with increased neuronal activation in area V1," suggesting a positive correlation between the intensity of activation in visual-motor brain regions and motor balance ability.

[0041] Perform statistical verification on the interactive characteristic information of movement and brain function, generate data related to target movement balance ability and brain function, and establish a corresponding mapping relationship in the data set, with the key being the visual state grouping and the value being the associated kinematic index and brain function parameter combination. Perform statistical verification on the interactive characteristic information of movement and brain function, generate data related to target movement balance ability and brain function, and establish a corresponding mapping relationship in the data set, with the key being the visual state grouping and the value being the associated kinematic index and brain function parameter combination.

[0042] Specifically, the interactive feature information was statistically verified using an independent sample t-test, and the results showed that there were significant differences in the combination of the rod time (250.3±35.4 seconds) with the number of activated neurons in the V1 area (120±15), and the number of activated neurons in the M2 area (85±10) in the control group, and in the combination of the rod time (73.5±19.0 seconds) with the number of activated neurons in the V1 area (65±10), and the number of activated neurons in the M2 area (40±8) in the experimental group (all P < 0.001).

[0043] The final mapping relationship established was that the key was "control group", with the value of [time on the rod 250.3±35.4 seconds, falling speed 33.3±4.7 rpm, 120±15 in V1 area, 85±10 in M2 area]; the key was "experimental group", with the value of [time on the rod 73.5±19.0 seconds, falling speed 9.8±2.5 rpm, 65±10 in V1 area, 40±8 in M2 area].

[0044] S105 , processing the associated data and parameter settings based on a normality test and inter-group statistical methods to generate visual-motor function evaluation results.

[0045] In one embodiment, the associated data were adapted based on the results of a normality test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the data distribution characteristics of kinematic and brain function parameters. Descriptive parameters, such as the median, were constructed for non-normally distributed data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were performed on the collected kinematic parameters (such as time on the rod, speed at drop, and limb swing amplitude) and brain function parameters (c-fos positive neuron counts in areas V1 and M2). The results showed that time on the rod, speed at drop, and number of activated neurons in area V1 for both the control and experimental groups conformed to a normal distribution (all P>0.05). These values ​​were presented as mean ± standard deviation (e.g., time on the rod in the control group was 250.3 ± 35.4 seconds). If a parameter (e.g., duration of limb slip in the experimental group) did not conform to a normal distribution (P<0.05), it was presented as the median (interquartile range), for example, "duration of limb slip in the experimental group was 3.2 seconds (range 2.1-4.5 seconds)."

[0046] Targeted statistical methods were selected for intergroup comparisons. For normally distributed data, independent sample t-tests were used to calculate intergroup differences, while for non-normally distributed data, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to generate rank difference results, achieving precise adaptation of statistical methods. For normally distributed indicators, such as time on the rod, rotational speed during the drop, and the number of neurons activated in areas V1 and M2, independent sample t-tests were used. The control group had significantly longer time on the rod than the experimental group (t=9.842, P<0.001), significantly higher rotational speed during the drop (t=9.835, P<0.001), and significantly more neurons activated in area V1 (t=8.621, P<0.001).

[0047] For non-normally distributed indicators, such as limb slip duration, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used: the median of the experimental group (3.2 seconds) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0 seconds) (Z=2.314, P=0.021), and the rank difference results were generated to reflect the differences between the groups.

[0048] Using a visual state-parameter correlation analysis, we defined significance levels for the correlations between motor balance ability and brain function across different visual state groups, strengthening the statistical reliability of intergroup differences. For all intergroup comparisons, significance levels were defined as follows: P < 0.05 for statistically significant differences, P < 0.01 for significant differences, and P < 0.001 for extremely significant differences. For example, differences between the control and experimental groups in duration on the rod, rotational speed at drop, and number of neuronal activations in V1 and M2 regions all reached extremely significant levels (P < 0.001), and the difference in duration of limb slippage reached a significant level (P = 0.021). Clearly annotating these significance levels reinforced the reliability of the results.

[0049] The correlation data were integrated and analyzed by combining the results of the three statistical processing methods to generate visual-motor function evaluation results, including inter-group differences in kinematic indicators, significance levels of brain function parameters, and visual-motor correlation strength. These evaluation results were used to characterize the motor-brain function interaction characteristics of different visual states. Specifically, regarding inter-group differences in kinematic indicators, the control group spent 176.8 seconds longer on the rod than the experimental group, the speed of the drop was 23.5 revolutions per minute higher than the experimental group, and the symmetry of the limb swing amplitude was better than that of the experimental group (the coefficient of variation of left-right deviation was 30% lower). Regarding the significance of brain function parameters, the control group showed 55 more neurons activated in the V1 region (P<0.001) and 45 more in the M2 region (P<0.001) than the experimental group. Regarding the strength of the visual-motor association, the time on the rod was strongly positively correlated with the number of neurons activated in the V1 region (r=0.82, P<0.01), suggesting that visual state regulates motor balance ability by affecting the intensity of activation in the V1 region. The final evaluation results showed that the motor balance ability of mice with normal vision (longer time on the rod, higher drop speed, and more stable limb coordination) was significantly better than that of mice with visual impairment, accompanied by significantly increased levels of neuronal activation in the V1 and M2 regions, indicating that differences in visual state affect motor balance ability by regulating the function of the visual-motor brain circuit.

[0050] In terms of the equipment layout, four LED screens are arranged in a surround configuration. The bottom screen completely covers the bottom area of ​​the rotarod apparatus. The front screen ensures coverage of the mouse's frontal field of view, and the side screens each cover the side field of view. This creates a closed testing space with no blind spots, allowing the mouse to receive visual stimulation in all visible areas during exercise. Furthermore, the scrolling direction of the black and white bar grid displayed on the screen is strictly consistent with the rotation direction of the rotarod. This design simulates the actual linkage between visual navigation and motor adjustment in the natural environment, creating a stimulation environment that meets physiological conditions for activating the visual-motor neural circuit.

[0051] On the hardware level, the LED display boasts a refresh rate of ≥60Hz and a response time of ≤8ms. The rotor's rotational speed is precisely controlled to ±0.2 rpm, resulting in virtually no lag between the visual stimulus and the rotor's mechanical motion. On the software side, a Python program enables simultaneous rendering on all four screens, with an error of ≤1ms. The system also records the timestamps of visual and motion parameters in real time, providing precise temporal data support for subsequent correlation analysis.

[0052] Using a group-based experimental design, the kinematic parameters of mice with normal vision were compared with those of mice with visual impairment. The results showed significant differences in falling time and velocity between the two groups. This difference suggests that visual state directly influences the motor performance of mice in synchronized scenes. These differences in motor performance are an outward manifestation of the functional states of the visual-motor neural circuitry, reflecting that visual stimulation regulates motor function by activating relevant neural circuits.

[0053] The mice's movement trajectories were recorded using a high-speed camera, and trajectory tracking software was used to quantify limb movement parameters and center of gravity shift parameters. The limb coordination symmetry, center of gravity shift amplitude, and movement stability of mice in different groups were compared and analyzed. These differences in trajectory characteristics can reflect different states of visual-motor brain function in coordination and control, providing behavioral evidence for brain functional activity.

[0054] Direct analysis of brain functional activity. Specifically, after all rotarod tests were completed, immunofluorescence analysis was performed on the target brain regions (V1 and M2) of the mice. A blind count of c-fos-positive neuronal cell bodies was performed. By comparing the number of neuronal activations in mice with different visual states, it was found that under full-field synchronous stimulation, the levels of neuronal activation in the visual cortex and motor cortex of normal mice were significantly higher than those in visually impaired mice. Furthermore, significant differences in neuronal activation were observed between the presence and absence of visual stimulation, confirming the regulatory effect of visual stimulation on the functional activity of specific brain regions.

[0055] Correlation analysis between behavioral and brain function data, specifically analysis of motor parameters and the number of activated neurons in brain regions, revealed a significant positive correlation between the two. This correlation demonstrates that full-field visual stimulation not only drives visual cortical activity but also regulates motor cortical function through neural circuits. Motor behavior is an outward manifestation of brain function, thus establishing a complete causal chain of "visual stimulation input - changes in brain region function - motor output," enabling direct visualization of vision-related motor brain function.

[0056] Compared to the traditional rotarod test, which can only assess motor ability, the full-field surround synchronized scene has significant advantages. By precisely adjusting parameters such as the spatial frequency and movement speed of the bars, it is possible to target and activate specific neuronal populations in the visual cortex, ensuring the specificity of the stimulation. At the same time, the real-time synchronization of visual stimulation and motor testing ensures that changes in brain function accurately correspond to specific visual-motor task stages. Combined with the verification of behavioral and multi-dimensional brain function data, it comprehensively and accurately presents vision-related motor brain function.

[0057] This application selects visual stimulation of a specific intensity based on the visual state of the experimental animals. This stimulation is then administered simultaneously during a motor task, such as the rotarod test, thereby creating a motor task with a specific visual load. The experimental animals simultaneously complete the rotarod test while viewing the visual stimulation. The rod timing and the rod rotation speed at the time of drop are measured as kinematic parameters to measure the mice's motor balance function. After the mice complete a prescribed number of motor tasks, brain tissue is obtained and stained using experimental techniques commonly used in neuroscience research. The number of stained neuronal cell bodies in specific brain regions is counted as a quantitative parameter of the functional activity intensity of that brain region. These parameters are collected from mice with different visual states (normal mice and visually impaired mice). Statistical methods are used to compare the data between groups (normal mice vs. visually impaired mice) based on the distribution characteristics of the quantitative data to evaluate the impact of differences in visual state on motor balance ability and motor synchronization brain function.

[0058] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the present application also provides a visual motor function testing device based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation, comprising: An acquisition module 201 is used to acquire visual stimulation parameters and rotarod device benchmark data; The processing module 202 is used to combine the visual stimulation parameters and the rotarod motion pattern parameters, synchronously match the rolling direction of the grating with the rotation direction of the rotarod, establish synchronization rules for visual stimulation and motion tasks based on the four-screen linkage control technology and the rotarod-screen adaptation design, and generate full-field stimulation constraints; based on the visual stimulation parameters, the rotarod baseline data, the synchronous control logic and the dynamic parameter combination constraints, the processing is performed to collect the time on the rotarod, the rotation speed at the time of falling and the motion trajectory data; the collected kinematic data is processed, and combined with the functional parameters including the visual state grouping and the brain area neuron activation count, the motor balance ability and brain function correlation data are generated, wherein the visual state grouping includes normal vision and visual impairment; the correlation data and parameter setting basis are processed in combination with the normality test and the between-group statistical method to generate the visual-motor function evaluation results.

[0059] The computer-readable storage medium provided in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application and the visual-motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation provided in the embodiments of the present application are based on the same inventive concept and have the same beneficial effects as the methods adopted, run or implemented by the application programs stored therein.

[0060] Each embodiment in this application is described in a related manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the embodiments of the visual motion function test method based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation, the electronic device, the electronic device, and the readable storage medium, since they are basically similar to the above-mentioned embodiments of the visual motion function test method based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation, the description is relatively simple. For the relevant parts, refer to the partial description of the embodiment of the visual motion function test method based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation.

Claims

1. A visual motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation, characterized in that: include: Obtain visual stimulation parameters and rotarod device benchmark data. The visual stimulation parameters include the spatial frequency and movement speed of the black and white bar grid visual target selected according to the visual state. The rotarod device benchmark data includes the rod diameter, acceleration, rotation speed range, and four-screen surround layout parameters. Among them, the spatial frequency of the black and white bar grid visual target is 0.1-1.0 cycle / deg, the movement speed is 0.1-10° / s, the rotarod diameter is 2-3 cm, the acceleration is 0.1-5 rpm², the rotation speed range is 5-60 rpm, and the four-screen surround covers the visual field of 0° to 180° in front and 0° to 45° to the side; By combining visual stimulation parameters with rotarod motion pattern parameters, the scrolling direction of the grating is synchronized with the rotation direction of the rotarod. Based on the four-screen linkage control technology and rotarod-screen adaptation design, the synchronization rules of visual stimulation and motion task are established to generate full-field stimulation constraints. Based on visual stimulation parameters, rotarod benchmark data, synchronization control logic and dynamic parameter combination constraints, the data on the time on the rod, the rotation speed when falling and the motion trajectory are collected; The collected kinematic data are processed and combined with functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain region neuron activation counts to generate data related to movement balance ability and brain function. The visual state grouping includes normal vision and visual impairment. The correlation data and parameter settings were processed based on the normality test and inter-group statistical methods to generate the visual-motor function evaluation results.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein By combining visual stimulation parameters and rotarod motion pattern parameters, the scrolling direction of the grating is synchronized with the rotation direction of the rotarod. Based on the four-screen linkage control technology and rotarod-screen adaptation design, the synchronization rules of visual stimulation and motion task are established, and the full-field stimulation constraint conditions are generated, including: Conduct a combined correlation analysis of the visual stimulus parameters and the rotarod motion pattern parameters to generate a simulated correlation analysis result of the direction matching between the grating rolling and the rotarod rotation. The correlation analysis results are screened and processed to generate a target simulation variable list, which includes a bar motion direction parameter, a rod rotation direction parameter, a four-screen synchronous refresh delay parameter, and a rod-screen center alignment deviation parameter; The association analysis results and the target simulation variable list are processed to generate parameter combination constraints, including spatial constraints that meet full visual field coverage, temporal synchronization constraints of visual stimulation and motor tasks, and semantic constraints of bar-rod direction consistency.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein Based on visual stimulus parameters, rotarod baseline data, synchronization control logic, and dynamic parameter combination constraints, the system collects data on the time spent on the rod, rotation speed during drop, and motion trajectory, including: Perform feature extraction on visual stimulation parameters, rotarod benchmark data and dynamic parameter combination constraints to generate visual stimulation features, rotarod motion features and synchronization control features; The process of collecting kinematic data is subjected to feature extraction processing to generate behavioral parameter features and trajectory features. The behavioral parameter features include quantitative data on the stick time and the rotation speed when falling; the trajectory features include kinematic data on the limb swing amplitude and center of gravity offset recorded by a high-speed camera; Based on the full-field stimulation constraint conditions, combined with the visual stimulation characteristics, rotarod motion characteristics, synchronous control characteristics, as well as behavioral parameter characteristics and trajectory characteristics, analysis and processing are performed. When collecting data, the parameter settings are verified to see whether they comply with the equipment technical standards and experimental design logic, and motion balance ability data is generated. Among them, the motion balance ability data is used to characterize the motion characteristics of different visual states, forming motion data results that include visual stimulation parameters, rotarod benchmark data, and synchronous control logic.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The collected kinematic data is processed and combined with functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain region neuron activation counts to generate data related to movement balance ability and brain function, including: The collected kinematic data are extracted and standardized to generate quantitative indicators of movement balance ability, where each indicator is associated with a corresponding visual stimulus parameter label; Based on the quantitative indicators of movement balance ability, the kinematic data of the different visual status groups were compared between groups to generate preliminary movement data results; Perform statistical verification on the preliminary motion data results to generate target motion balance ability data, and establish corresponding mapping relationships in the data set, with the key being the visual state group and the value being the associated kinematic index; After completing all rotarod tests, the visual state grouping information was matched with the brain region neuron activation count data to generate functional parameter association features. The brain region neuron activation count data included the number of c-fos-positive neurons in the V1 and M2 regions. Conduct correlation analysis on the association characteristics between the quantitative indicators of motor balance ability and functional parameters to generate motor-brain function interaction feature information; The motion-brain function interaction feature information was statistically verified to generate target motion balance ability and brain function correlation data. A corresponding mapping relationship was established in the data set, with the key being the visual state grouping and the value being the associated kinematic index and brain function parameter combination.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The correlation data and parameter settings are processed based on normality test and inter-group statistical methods to generate visual-motor function evaluation results, including: The correlation data were adapted based on the normality test results, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the data distribution characteristics of kinematic indicators and brain function parameters, and the descriptive parameters of the median were constructed for non-normally distributed data. Targeted selection of statistical methods between groups was performed. For normally distributed data, independent sample t-test was used to calculate the differences between groups. For non-normally distributed data, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to generate rank difference results, thus achieving accurate adaptation of statistical methods. Using the significance verification of visual state-parameter association, we defined the significance level of the association data between motor balance ability and brain function in different visual state groups to strengthen the statistical reliability of the differences between groups. The correlation data were integrated and analyzed by combining the three types of statistical processing results to generate visual-motor function evaluation results including the inter-group difference values ​​of kinematic indicators, the significance level of brain function parameters, and the visual-motor association strength. The evaluation results were used to characterize the motor-brain function interaction characteristics of different visual states.

6. A visual motor function testing device based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation, characterized in that: The device comprises: An acquisition module, used to obtain visual stimulation parameters and rotarod device benchmark data; The processing module is used to combine visual stimulation parameters and rotarod motion pattern parameters, synchronously match the rolling direction of the grating with the rotation direction of the rotarod, establish synchronization rules for visual stimulation and motion tasks based on four-screen linkage control technology and rotarod-screen adaptation design, and generate full-field stimulation constraints; based on visual stimulation parameters, rotarod benchmark data, synchronous control logic and dynamic parameter combination constraints, processing is performed to collect the time on the rod, rotation speed at the time of falling and motion trajectory data; the collected kinematic data is processed, and functional parameters including visual state grouping and brain area neuron activation counts are combined to generate movement balance ability and brain function correlation data, wherein the visual state grouping includes normal vision and visual impairment; the correlation data and parameter settings are processed based on normality test and inter-group statistical methods to generate visual-motor function evaluation results.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: a first processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the first processor; The first processor is configured to execute the visual-motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronized visual stimulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5 by executing the executable instructions.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by the second processor, the visual-motor function testing method based on full-field surround synchronous visual stimulation according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is implemented.

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