An energy-saving electrical energy storage device

Abstract

This application belongs to the field of battery energy storage technology, specifically disclosing an energy-saving electrical energy storage device. The device includes a battery management module, a thermal management module, an energy dispatch control module, and an energy recovery module. The battery management module detects and adjusts the voltage and current data of each individual cell in the battery pack. The energy dispatch control module dynamically regulates the battery charging and discharging process based on the voltage and current data. The energy recovery module recovers waste energy from the device and converts it into electrical energy for storage. The thermal management module regulates the battery temperature. This application can improve the energy utilization efficiency and stability of the electrical energy storage device and extend battery life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of battery energy storage technology, specifically relating to an energy-saving electrical energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] Existing energy storage devices suffer from low efficiency, insufficient energy density, and short charge / discharge lifespan, limiting their widespread application in large-scale energy storage and utilization. Especially when renewable energy sources (such as solar and wind power) are integrated into the grid, the volatility and intermittency of energy sources necessitate more efficient and stable energy storage devices to balance supply and demand and improve energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, traditional energy storage devices also face technical bottlenecks in thermal management and energy recovery, failing to fully optimize energy conversion efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an energy-saving electrical energy storage device with efficient energy storage and recovery, long lifespan, high energy density, and good thermal management performance to meet the growing demands of modern energy systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide an energy-saving electrical energy storage device. This application can improve the energy utilization efficiency, stability and battery life of the device through precise power management, recovery and temperature control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An energy-saving electrical energy storage device includes: a battery management module, a thermal management module, an energy dispatch control module, and an energy recovery module. The battery management module detects and adjusts the voltage and current data of each individual cell in the battery pack. The energy dispatch control module dynamically regulates the battery charging and discharging process based on the voltage and current data. The energy recovery module recovers waste energy from the device and converts it into electrical energy for storage. The thermal management module regulates the battery temperature.

[0007] Optionally, the battery management module includes: a battery voltage detection circuit for real-time sampling and detection of the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack; a battery current detection circuit for real-time detection of the charging and discharging current of each individual cell in the battery pack; a battery balancing circuit for adjusting the charge of individual cells with charge deviations in the battery pack to maintain consistent charge levels among all individual cells; and a charge and discharge control circuit for adjusting the charging and discharging rates of the battery based on the real-time detected battery voltage and current.

[0008] Optionally, the battery voltage detection circuit includes multiple voltage divider resistors, multiple capacitors, a multi-channel analog switch, and a microcontroller. In this circuit, the positive and negative terminals of each individual cell in the battery pack are connected to a voltage divider resistor, and the connection point of two voltage divider resistors forms a voltage divider point. This voltage divider point is connected to the first ADC input pin of the microcontroller through a multi-channel analog switch, and each voltage divider point is grounded through a capacitor.

[0009] Optionally, the battery current detection circuit includes: a first Hall current sensor, a seventh resistor, a fourth capacitor, a regulated DC power supply, a voltage regulator chip, a fifth capacitor, and a sixth capacitor. The positive terminal of the regulated DC power supply is connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator chip, and the negative terminal of the regulated DC power supply is connected to the fourth ground terminal. The ground pin of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the fifth ground terminal, and the output pin of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the input terminal of the first Hall current sensor. The output terminal of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the sixth ground terminal via the seventh resistor and the fourth capacitor connected in series, and the connection point of the seventh resistor and the fourth capacitor is connected to the second ADC input pin of the microcontroller.

[0010] The fifth capacitor is connected in parallel between the input terminal of the voltage regulator chip and the fifth ground terminal; the sixth capacitor is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip and the fifth ground terminal; the positive maximum current pin of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the positive terminal of each individual battery, the negative maximum current pin of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the positive terminal of the load, and the negative terminal of the individual battery is connected to the negative terminal of the load.

[0011] Optionally, the battery balancing circuit includes multiple branches, each with the same structure, including: a MOSFET and a current-limiting resistor. The positive terminal of each individual battery is connected to the drain of the MOSFET, the source of the MOSFET is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor in series, and the gate of the MOSFET is connected to the GPIO output pin of the microcontroller.

[0012] Optionally, the charge / discharge control circuit includes a charging channel and a discharging channel. The charging channel includes a second MOSFET, a first diode, a second Hall current sensor, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor. The discharging channel includes a third MOSFET, a second diode, a third Hall current sensor, an eleventh resistor, and a twelfth resistor. The source of the second MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, the negative terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the eighth ground terminal, and the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the source of the second MOSFET, and the anode of the first diode is connected to the drain of the second MOSFET.

[0013] The second Hall current sensor is connected in series between the drain of the second MOSFET and the positive terminal of the battery, and the output of the second Hall current sensor is connected to the third ADC input pin of the microcontroller; the first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the ninth ground terminal; the first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET, and the second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first PWM output pin of the microcontroller; the source of the third MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain of the third MOSFET is connected to the load; the cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the third MOSFET, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the third MOSFET; the third Hall current sensor is connected in series between the source of the third MOSFET and the positive terminal of the battery, and the output of the third Hall current sensor is connected to the fourth ADC input pin of the microcontroller; the first end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET, and the second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the tenth ground terminal; the first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET, and the second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the second PWM output pin of the microcontroller.

[0014] Optionally, the thermal management module includes: a temperature detection circuit for detecting battery temperature; and a fan control circuit for driving the fan to operate and adjusting the fan speed via PWM.

[0015] Optionally, the temperature detection circuit includes: a thirteenth resistor, a fourteenth resistor, a fifteenth resistor, and a driving transistor. The first terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to a +5V power supply, the second terminal of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourteenth resistor, the second terminal of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the eleventh ground terminal, and the connection point of the thirteenth and fourteenth resistors is connected to the fifth ADC input pin of the microcontroller. The power supply pin of the microcontroller is connected to the +5V power supply. The emitter of the driving transistor is connected to the twelfth ground terminal, the base is connected in series with the fifteenth resistor and connected to the second GPIO pin of the microcontroller, and the collector is connected to the negative terminal of the fan. The fan control circuit includes: a 4-wire PWM fan, a fourth MOSFET, a third diode, a seventh capacitor, a sixteenth resistor, and a seventeenth resistor. In this configuration, the positive terminal of the fan is connected to the +12V power supply, and the negative terminal is connected to the collector of the driving transistor. The PWM control signal input pin of the fan is connected to the third PWM output pin of the microcontroller via the PWM control line. The fan speed feedback pin is connected to the third GPIO pin of the microcontroller via the Tach feedback line. The third diode is connected in parallel across the positive and negative terminals of the fan, with its cathode connected to the +12V power supply and its anode connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET. The source of the fourth MOSFET is connected to the thirteenth ground terminal, and its gate is connected to the fourth GPIO pin of the microcontroller via the sixteenth resistor. The seventeenth resistor is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the fourth MOSFET. The seventh capacitor is connected in parallel between the +12V power supply and the source of the fourth MOSFET.

[0016] Optionally, the energy dispatch control module includes: a fourth Hall current sensor, a DC-DC converter, a fifth MOSFET, a sixth MOSFET, a seventh MOSFET, an eighth MOSFET, an eighteenth resistor, a nineteenth resistor, a twentieth resistor, a twenty-first resistor, a twenty-second resistor, a twenty-third resistor, and a fourth diode. The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter via the fourth Hall current sensor. The first output terminal of the DC-DC converter is connected to the drain of the fifth MOSFET, and the source of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the fourteenth ground terminal. The second output terminal of the DC-DC converter is connected to the drain of the sixth MOSFET, and the source of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the fifteenth ground terminal. The gate of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the fourth PWM output pin of the microcontroller via the eighteenth resistor. The gate of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the... The first output terminal of the DC-DC converter is connected to the source of the seventh MOSFET, and the gate of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the sixth PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the twentieth resistor. The drain of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the load, the first end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the gate of the seventh MOSFET, and the second end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the seventeenth ground terminal. The second output terminal of the DC-DC converter is also connected to the drain of the eighth MOSFET, the source of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the energy storage device, and the gate of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the seventh PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the twenty-first resistor. The first end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the gate of the eighth MOSFET, and the second end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the eighteenth ground terminal. The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the output terminal of the fourth Hall current sensor, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the sixteenth ground terminal.

[0017] Optionally, the energy recovery module includes: an energy recovery circuit, a boost rectifier circuit, an energy storage circuit, and a regulated output circuit, wherein the energy recovery circuit is used to recover waste energy and convert it into electrical energy; the boost rectifier circuit is used to boost and rectify the electrical energy converted by the energy recovery circuit into a stable DC voltage; the energy storage circuit is used to store the stable DC voltage; and the regulated output circuit is used to regulate and output the stable DC voltage stored in the energy storage circuit.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0019] 1. This application integrates multiple modules such as precise current detection, energy recovery, scheduling control, fan regulation, and temperature control management, which can efficiently manage the charging and discharging process of the battery, recover waste energy in the system, and ensure stable system operation;

[0020] 2. This application can optimize the energy storage, management and recycling process, thereby improving the stability, reliability and energy utilization efficiency of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an energy-saving electrical energy storage device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a battery voltage detection circuit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a battery current detection circuit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a battery balancing circuit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a charge / discharge control circuit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a temperature detection circuit provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a circuit structure diagram of an energy dispatch control module provided in another embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a circuit structure diagram of an energy recovery module provided in another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of this application and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.

[0030] It should be noted that certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that different terms may be used to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in terminology, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" or "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising but not limited to." The following descriptions in the specification are preferred embodiments for carrying out this application; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of understanding the general principles of the specification and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The scope of protection of this application shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0031] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following will provide further explanation and description with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the accompanying drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy-saving electrical energy storage device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the device includes: a battery management module, an energy dispatch control module, an energy recovery module, and a thermal management module. The battery management module is used to detect and adjust the voltage and current data of each individual cell in the battery pack; the energy dispatch control module is used to dynamically regulate the battery charging and discharging process based on the voltage and current data; the energy recovery module is used to recover waste energy in the device and convert it into electrical energy for storage; and the thermal management module is used to regulate the battery temperature.

[0033] This embodiment integrates battery management, thermal management, energy dispatch control, and energy recovery modules, enabling precise detection and regulation of battery pack voltage, current, and temperature. It can dynamically optimize the charging and discharging process, improve battery consistency and lifespan, and efficiently recover and store waste energy generated during system operation for reuse. This helps improve energy utilization efficiency and enhances the energy efficiency and stability of the device.

[0034] In another exemplary embodiment, the battery management module includes: a battery voltage detection circuit for real-time sampling and detection of the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack; a battery current detection circuit for real-time detection of the charging and discharging current of each individual cell in the battery pack; a battery balancing circuit for adjusting the charge of individual cells with charge deviations in the battery pack to maintain consistent charge levels among all individual cells; and a charge and discharge control circuit for adjusting the charging and discharging rates of the battery based on the real-time detected battery voltage and current.

[0035] In this embodiment, the battery management module integrates voltage detection, current detection, battery balancing, and charge / discharge control functions, enabling real-time and accurate monitoring of the operating status of each individual battery. It can effectively identify voltage and current anomalies and maintain the consistency of charge between batteries. Furthermore, it can dynamically adjust the charge / discharge rate according to actual operating conditions, thereby improving the overall performance, safety, and lifespan of the battery pack.

[0036] In another exemplary embodiment, the battery voltage detection circuit includes multiple voltage divider resistors, multiple capacitors, a multi-channel analog switch SW, and a microcontroller (MCU). Each cell B in the battery pack has a voltage divider resistor connected to its positive and negative terminals respectively. The connection point of two voltage divider resistors constitutes a voltage divider point, which is connected to the first ADC input pin ADC1 of the microcontroller MCU through the multi-channel analog switch SW. Each voltage divider point is grounded through a capacitor.

[0037] In this embodiment, this application takes a battery pack composed of three individual cells as an example to further illustrate the structure of the battery voltage detection circuit, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the three individual batteries include, for example, B1, B2, and B3. The positive and negative terminals of battery B1 are connected to a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, respectively. The connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 forms a first voltage divider point, which is connected to a first ground terminal G1 through a first capacitor C1. The positive and negative terminals of battery B2 are connected to a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4, respectively. The connection point of the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4 forms a second voltage divider point, which is connected to a second ground terminal G2 through a second capacitor C2. The positive and negative terminals of battery B3 are connected to a fifth resistor R5 and a sixth resistor R6, respectively. The connection point of the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 forms a third voltage divider point, which is connected to a third ground terminal G3 through a third capacitor C3. The first, second, and third voltage divider points are simultaneously connected to the first ADC input pin ADC1 of the microcontroller MCU through the multiplexer analog switch SW.

[0038] The battery voltage detection circuit converts the raw voltage signal of each individual battery cell into a low-voltage ratio signal by connecting voltage divider resistors in series across both ends of the cell, thus meeting the voltage range requirements of the microcontroller's (MCU) ADC input. Multiple voltage divider nodes are connected to the MCU's ADC channel via multiple analog switches, enabling individual sampling of the voltage of each battery cell. Furthermore, the capacitor connected in parallel at each voltage divider point filters out transient high-frequency noise in the voltage signal, thereby improving the stability and accuracy of signal sampling.

[0039] In summary, the battery voltage detection circuit can not only achieve real-time high-precision detection of the voltage of each cell in the battery pack, but also provide accurate data support for subsequent battery equalization control, thereby helping to improve the safety and service life of the entire battery system.

[0040] In another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the battery current detection circuit includes a first Hall current sensor HCS1, a seventh resistor R7, a fourth capacitor C4, a regulated DC power supply (e.g., an LM7805), a voltage regulator chip U1 (e.g., a linear voltage regulator chip AMS1117-5.0), a fifth capacitor C5, and a sixth capacitor C6. The positive terminal of the regulated DC power supply is connected to the input pin Vin of the voltage regulator chip U1, and the negative terminal is connected to the fourth ground terminal G4. The ground pin GND of the voltage regulator chip U1 is connected to the fifth ground terminal G5, and the output pin Vout of the voltage regulator chip U1 is... The input terminal of the first Hall current sensor HCS1 is connected; the output terminal of the first Hall current sensor HCS1 is connected to the sixth ground terminal G6 via a seventh resistor R7 and a fourth capacitor C4 connected in series, and the connection point of the seventh resistor R7 and the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the second ADC input pin ADC2 of the microcontroller MCU; the fifth capacitor C5 is connected in parallel between the input terminal Vin of the voltage regulator chip U1 and the fifth ground terminal G5; the sixth capacitor C6 is connected in parallel between the output terminal Vout of the voltage regulator chip U1 and the fifth ground terminal G5; in addition, the positive maximum current pin IP+ of the first Hall current sensor HCS1 is connected to the positive terminal of each individual battery, the negative maximum current pin IP− of the first Hall current sensor HCS1 is connected to the positive terminal of the load (e.g., electrical equipment including DC motors, UPS power supply modules, etc.), and the negative terminal of the individual battery is connected to the negative terminal of the load.

[0041] In this embodiment, the battery current detection circuit uses a first Hall current sensor HCS1 to detect the current during the battery charging and discharging process, ensuring that the battery current data can be acquired in real time and transmitted to the microcontroller for processing. This circuit uses a regulated DC power supply to provide a stable voltage for the entire circuit, ensuring its stability under different operating environments. The voltage regulator chip U1 further adjusts the input voltage to a suitable operating voltage for the current sensor and the microcontroller. The first Hall sensor HCS1 senses the current signal and converts it into a voltage signal. This signal is filtered by the seventh resistor R7 and the fourth capacitor C4 to remove high-frequency noise and ensure signal stability. The processed signal is transmitted to the microcontroller's second ADC input pin ADC2 for precise measurement and analysis, thereby enabling real-time monitoring of the battery pack's charging and discharging status and ensuring that the battery operates within a safe and efficient range. The fifth capacitor, C5, is connected in parallel between the input terminal of the voltage regulator chip U1 and ground. It filters out high-frequency noise from the power input, preventing this noise from affecting the circuit's stability. The sixth capacitor, C6, is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip U1 and ground. It smooths the output voltage, suppresses voltage fluctuations during regulation, and ensures a more stable operating voltage for the current sensor and microcontroller. These two capacitors absorb and release electrical energy, reducing voltage fluctuations and noise, providing a more stable and cleaner power supply, thereby improving the performance and accuracy of the current detection circuit.

[0042] In summary, this circuit can perform high-precision real-time detection of battery current and provide effective data support through a microcontroller, ensuring precise control of the battery management system, improving battery efficiency and safety, and extending its service life.

[0043] In another exemplary embodiment, the battery balancing circuit includes multiple branches, each with the same structure, including a MOSFET and a current-limiting resistor. The positive terminal of each individual battery is connected to the drain of the MOSFET, the source of the MOSFET is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor in series, and the gate of the MOSFET is connected to the GPIO output pin of the MCU.

[0044] This embodiment uses a single battery cell as an example to describe the structure of a branch in the battery balancing circuit, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the branch includes a first MOSFET Q1 and an eighth resistor R8. The drain of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of the single cell, the negative terminal of the single cell is connected to the positive terminal of the adjacent cell, the source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the seventh ground terminal G7 after being connected in series with the eighth resistor R8, and the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the first GPIO pin GPIO1 of the MCU.

[0045] Specifically, when the charge level of a single battery differs from that of other batteries, the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 receives a control signal through the microcontroller's first GPIO pin GPIO1, thereby driving the first MOSFET Q1 to turn on or off. When the first MOSFET Q1 is on, the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the positive terminal of the adjacent battery through the drain of the first MOSFET Q1, while the source of the first MOSFET Q1 is connected to the ground terminal G7 through the current-limiting resistor R8, forming a current path. This path allows current to flow to the negative terminal of the battery or adjacent batteries for charge balancing, preventing excessive charge differences between batteries. The function of the eighth resistor R8 is to limit the current flowing through the battery, preventing damage due to excessive current.

[0046] In summary, this circuit, by precisely controlling current flow, can dynamically adjust the charge differences between batteries, ensuring that each individual battery operates within a safe charge range, thereby improving the overall performance, safety, and lifespan of the battery pack. Through the adjustment of the balancing circuit, the battery pack can maintain good charge and discharge efficiency during long-term use, avoiding overcharging or over-discharging caused by battery imbalance, thus achieving more efficient energy storage and utilization.

[0047] In another exemplary embodiment, the charge / discharge control circuit includes a charging channel and a discharging channel, such as... Figure 5As shown, the charging channel includes a second MOSFET Q2, a first diode D1, a second Hall current sensor HCS2, a ninth resistor R9, and a tenth resistor R10; the discharging channel includes a third MOSFET Q3, a second diode D2, a third Hall current sensor HCS3, an eleventh resistor R11, and a twelfth resistor R12. The source of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, and the negative terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the eighth ground terminal G8. The drain of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The cathode of the first diode D1 is connected to the source of the second MOSFET Q2, and the anode of the first diode D1 is connected to the drain of the second MOSFET Q2. The second Hall current sensor HCS2 is connected in series between the drain of the second MOSFET Q2 and the positive terminal of the battery, and the output terminal of the second Hall current sensor HCS2 is connected to the third ADC input pin ADC3 of the microcontroller. The first terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET Q2, and the second terminal of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the ninth ground terminal G9. The first end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET Q2, and the second end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the first PWM output pin PWM1 of the microcontroller; the source of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to the load (the electrical equipment as described above); the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the source of the third MOSFET Q3, and the anode of the second diode D2 is connected to the drain of the third MOSFET Q3; the third Hall current sensor HCS3 is connected in series between the source of the third MOSFET Q3 and the positive terminal of the battery, and the output of the third Hall current sensor HCS3 is connected to the fourth ADC input pin ADC4 of the microcontroller; the first end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET Q3, and the second end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the tenth ground terminal G10; the first end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET Q3, and the second end of the twelfth resistor R12 is connected to the second PWM output pin PWM2 of the microcontroller.

[0048] In this embodiment, the charge / discharge control circuit manages the battery's charge and discharge through charging and discharging channels, ensuring the battery operates safely and efficiently. In the charging channel, the source of the second MOSFET Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, and its drain is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. When charging is required, the second MOSFET Q2 is turned on or off by controlling its gate voltage. The first diode D1 acts as a freewheeling diode, ensuring unidirectional current flow during charging and preventing reverse current from damaging the battery. The second Hall current sensor HCS2 detects the charging current in real time and transmits the current data to the microcontroller MCU for analysis and processing via the third ADC input pin ADC3. The microcontroller adjusts the charging rate by controlling the gate voltage of the second MOSFET Q2, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the charging process. Furthermore, the ninth resistor R9 is connected between the gate of the second MOSFET Q2 and ground, acting as a pull-down resistor. This means that when there is no input signal, the gate voltage of the second MOSFET Q2 can be pulled low, ensuring that the second MOSFET Q2 remains off when there is no control signal. This prevents the gate voltage from floating, avoiding mis-turn-on of Q2 due to noise or electromagnetic interference, thus ensuring that Q2 will not turn on unexpectedly without a control signal, preventing any impact on the stability and safety of battery charging. The tenth resistor, R10, is connected between the gate of Q2 and the PWM output pin of the microcontroller, acting as a current-limiting resistor. By limiting the current output from the microcontroller, it protects the gate drive circuit of Q2 and ensures that the gate voltage is within an appropriate range. The tenth resistor R10, by limiting the current flowing through the gate of Q2, prevents damage to the MOSFET or its drive circuit due to excessive current. Simultaneously, the tenth resistor R10 also helps smooth the PWM signal, preventing rapidly changing control signals from causing excessive voltage changes at the gate of Q2, thereby avoiding potential switching noise or instability.

[0049] In the discharge channel, the source of the third MOSFET Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain is connected to the load. When there is a discharge demand, the third MOSFET Q3 is turned on and off by controlling the gate voltage, and the discharge current flows from the battery to the load. The second diode D2 acts as a freewheeling diode, ensuring that the current flows in only one direction and avoiding the influence of reverse current on the battery. The third Hall current sensor HCS3 is used to detect the discharge current in real time and transmits the data to the microcontroller for processing through the fourth ADC input pin ADC4. The eleventh resistor R11 and the twelfth resistor R12 have the same function as the ninth resistor R9 and the tenth resistor R10, and will not be described again here.

[0050] In summary, the charging and discharging control circuit, by precisely regulating the MOSFETs in the charging and discharging channel and detecting current changes in real time, can ensure that the battery maintains a stable current and voltage during charging and discharging, preventing overcharging or over-discharging from damaging the battery.

[0051] In another exemplary embodiment, the thermal management module includes a temperature detection circuit and a fan control circuit, wherein the temperature detection circuit is used to detect the battery temperature; and the fan control circuit is used to drive the fan to operate and adjust the fan speed via PWM.

[0052] In another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the temperature detection circuit includes a thirteenth resistor R13, a fourteenth resistor R14, a fifteenth resistor R15, and a driving transistor M. The first end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to a +5V power supply, the second end of the thirteenth resistor R13 is connected to the first end of the fourteenth resistor R14, the second end of the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the eleventh ground terminal G11, and the connection point of the thirteenth resistor R13 and the fourteenth resistor R14 is connected to the fifth ADC input pin ADC5 of the microcontroller. The power supply pin VCC of the microcontroller is connected to the +5V power supply. The emitter of the driving transistor M is connected to the twelfth ground terminal G12, the base is connected in series with the fifteenth resistor R15 and connected to the second GPIO pin GPIO2 of the microcontroller, and the collector is connected to the negative terminal of the fan FAN.

[0053] In this embodiment, the thirteenth resistor R13 and the fourteenth resistor R14 form a voltage divider circuit, converting the +5V power supply voltage into a suitable voltage signal. This voltage signal is connected to the microcontroller for analysis via the fifth ADC input pin ADC5. The microcontroller determines whether to activate the fan to cool the battery based on this signal. When the battery temperature exceeds a set threshold, the microcontroller outputs a control signal to the driver transistor M via the second GPIO pin GPIO2. The base of transistor M receives the control signal from the microcontroller through the fifteenth resistor R15, controlling its conduction and thus controlling the operation of the fan. When transistor M is on, the negative terminal of the fan is connected to ground, current flows, and the fan starts running to help cool the battery. The emitter of the driver transistor M is grounded, and the collector is connected to the negative terminal of the fan, thus completing the control of the fan.

[0054] In summary, this circuit, through precise temperature monitoring and fan control, can automatically activate the fan for heat dissipation when the system temperature is too high, ensuring that the equipment operates within the optimal operating temperature range, avoiding overheating damage, and improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0055] In another exemplary embodiment, reference continues to... Figure 6The fan control circuit includes a 4-wire PWM fan (FAN), a fourth MOSFET (Q4), a third diode (D3), a seventh capacitor (C7), a sixteenth resistor (R16), and a seventeenth resistor (R17). The positive terminal (pin 2) of the fan (FAN) is connected to the +12V power supply, and the negative terminal (pin 1) is connected to the collector of the driving transistor (M). The PWM control signal input pin (pin 4) of the fan (FAN) is connected to the third PWM output pin (PWM3) of the microcontroller via a PWM control line. The speed feedback pin (pin 3) of the fan (FAN) is connected to the microcontroller via a Tach feedback line. The third GPIO pin is GPIO3; the third diode D3 is connected in parallel to the positive and negative terminals of the fan, and the cathode of the third diode D3 is connected to the +12 power supply, and the anode is connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET Q4. The source of the fourth MOSFET Q4 is connected to the thirteenth ground terminal G13, and the gate is connected to the fourth GPIO pin GPIO4 of the microcontroller through the sixteenth resistor R16. The seventeenth resistor R17 is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the fourth MOSFET Q4; the seventh capacitor C7 is connected in parallel between the +12 power supply and the source of the fourth MOSFET Q4.

[0056] In this embodiment, the fan control circuit uses a microcontroller to precisely control the PWM signal to adjust the fan speed, and uses the fourth MOSFET Q4 and the third diode D3 to achieve power supply and feedback control of the fan. The positive terminal of the fan (FAN) is connected to the +12V power supply, and the negative terminal is connected to the output terminal of the driver transistor M through its collector. Pin 4 of the fan is connected to the third PWM output pin (PWM3) of the MCU through the PWM control line. The PWM signal is used to control the fan's on / off state and speed; that is, by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, the fan speed is changed to achieve the purpose of regulating the system temperature. Pin 3 of the fan (FAN) is connected to the third GPIO pin (GPIO3) of the MCU through the Tach feedback line to achieve real-time feedback monitoring of the fan speed, ensuring that the fan's operating status meets expectations.

[0057] The third diode, D3, is connected in parallel between the positive and negative terminals of the fan to prevent reverse current from damaging the circuit when the fan stops. The cathode of diode D3 is connected to the +12V power supply, and the anode is connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET, Q4, ensuring unidirectional current flow and preventing reverse current from damaging the power supply and fan. The fourth MOSFET, Q4, controls the fan's current switching through its gate. Its source is connected to ground, and the gate is connected to the MCU's fourth GPIO pin, GPIO4, through the sixteenth resistor, R16. The MCU controls the gate voltage to regulate the conduction state of Q4, thereby controlling the fan's start / stop and speed. The seventeenth resistor, R17, is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the fourth MOSFET, stabilizing the gate voltage and ensuring stable switching of the MOSFET. The seventh capacitor, C7, is connected in parallel between the +12V power supply and the source of Q4, acting as a filter to reduce power supply noise and instantaneous voltage fluctuations, ensuring smooth circuit operation.

[0058] In summary, the fan control circuit can precisely control the fan speed and operating status, and realize the automated management of the heat dissipation system through PWM speed regulation, thereby ensuring that the equipment maintains the optimal operating temperature under different loads and improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0059] In another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, the energy dispatch control module includes a fourth Hall current sensor HCS4, a DC-DC converter DC, a fifth MOSFET Q5, a sixth MOSFET Q6, a seventh MOSFET Q7, an eighth MOSFET Q8, an eighteenth resistor R18, a nineteenth resistor R19, a twentieth resistor R20, a twenty-first resistor R21, a twenty-second resistor R22, a twenty-third resistor R23, and a fourth diode D4. The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter DC via the fourth Hall current sensor HCS4. The first output terminal of the DC-DC converter DC is connected to the drain of the fifth MOSFET Q5, and the source of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the fourteenth ground terminal G14. The second output terminal of the DC-DC converter DC is connected to the drain of the sixth MOSFET Q6, and the source of the sixth MOSFET Q6 is connected to the fifteenth ground terminal G15. The gate of the fifth MOSFET Q5 is connected to the fourth PWM output pin PWM4 of the microcontroller via the eighteenth resistor R18, and the gate of the sixth MOSFET Q6 is connected to the microcontroller via the nineteenth resistor R19. The fifth PWM output pin is PWM5; in addition, the first output terminal of the DC-DC converter is also connected to the source of the seventh MOSFET Q7. The gate of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the sixth PWM output pin PWM6 of the microcontroller through the twentieth resistor R20. The drain of the seventh MOSFET Q7 is connected to the load. The first end of the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected to the gate of the seventh MOSFET Q7, and the second end of the twenty-second resistor R22 is connected to the seventeenth ground terminal G17; the second output terminal of the DC-DC converter is also connected to the drain of the eighth MOSFET Q8. The source of the eighth MOSFET Q8 is connected to an energy storage device (e.g., a supercapacitor). The gate of the eighth MOSFET Q8 is connected to the seventh PWM output pin PWM7 of the microcontroller through the twenty-first resistor R21. The first end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is connected to the gate of the eighth MOSFET Q8, and the second end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is connected to the eighteenth ground terminal G18; the cathode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the output terminal of the fourth Hall current sensor HCS4, and the anode of the fourth diode D4 is connected to the sixteenth ground terminal G16.

[0060] In this embodiment, the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter via a fourth Hall current sensor HCS4. The fourth Hall current sensor HCS4 detects the battery current in real time and transmits the data to the MCU. The DC-DC converter is connected to the drains of the fifth MOSFET Q5 and the sixth MOSFET Q6 via two sets of output terminals, respectively, for the battery charging and discharging processes. During charging and discharging, the MCU adjusts the gate voltage of the MOSFETs through PWM signals to control the switching state of the MOSFETs, thereby regulating the charging and discharging rates of the battery.

[0061] In addition, the output of the DC-DC converter is connected to the seventh MOSFET Q7 and the eighth MOSFET Q8 to drive the load and energy storage device, respectively. The seventh MOSFET Q7 controls the power supply to the load, while the eighth MOSFET Q8 stores excess energy in the energy storage device. Energy recovery is achieved by controlling the gate of Q8 via a PWM signal. The twenty-second resistor R22 and the twenty-first resistor R21 ensure stable control of the MOSFETs and prevent damage to the circuit from overcurrent or overvoltage. The fourth diode D4 protects the circuit from reverse current damage to the Hall sensor and other circuit components.

[0062] In summary, the energy dispatch control module achieves dynamic adjustment of the battery, load, and energy storage device by precisely controlling the charging and discharging process, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency, extending battery life, and ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the entire system.

[0063] In another embodiment, the energy recovery module includes an energy recovery circuit, a boost rectifier circuit, an energy storage circuit, and a regulated output circuit. The energy recovery circuit is used to recover waste energy and convert it into electrical energy; the boost rectifier circuit is used to boost and rectify the electrical energy converted by the energy recovery circuit into a stable DC voltage; the energy storage circuit is used to store the stable DC voltage; and the regulated output circuit is used to regulate and output the stable DC voltage stored in the energy storage circuit.

[0064] In another exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, the energy recovery circuit includes a crystal oscillator X, an inductive load L (e.g., an oscillating coil), a bridge rectifier BR, an eighth capacitor C8, and a ninth capacitor C9. The output terminal of the crystal oscillator X is connected to the input terminal of the inductive load L. The two output terminals of the inductive load L are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the bridge rectifier BR. The output terminal of the bridge rectifier BR is connected to the first terminal of the eighth capacitor C8. The second terminal of the eighth capacitor C8 is connected to the input terminal of the boost rectifier circuit. The first terminal of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier BR, and the second terminal of the ninth capacitor C9 is connected to the nineteenth ground terminal G19.

[0065] In this embodiment, a crystal oscillator X provides a periodic high-frequency signal that drives an inductive load L, causing it to generate current. The two output terminals of the inductive load L are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a bridge rectifier BR, respectively, converting the AC signal into a DC signal. The DC signal output from the bridge rectifier BR is filtered by an eighth capacitor C8 to remove high-frequency noise and smooth the current. Then, the second terminal of the eighth capacitor C8 is connected to the input terminal of a boost rectifier circuit to further increase the voltage level to meet the requirements of the energy storage device. Furthermore, a ninth capacitor C9 is connected between the output terminal of the bridge rectifier BR and ground to further smooth the rectified voltage and ensure current stability. Through this process, waste energy is converted into usable DC power by driving the inductive load with the oscillator and undergoing rectification and filtering, allowing it to be stored or used in other applications. This energy recovery circuit effectively improves energy utilization, reduces system energy loss, and enhances the overall system energy efficiency, especially showing significant energy-saving effects in high-power applications.

[0066] In another exemplary embodiment, reference continues to... Figure 8 The boost rectifier circuit includes a first inductor L1, a ninth MOSFET Q9, a fifth diode D5, a tenth capacitor C10, a twenty-fourth resistor R24, and a twenty-fifth resistor R25. The first end of the first inductor L1 serves as the input terminal of the boost rectifier circuit, and the second end of the first inductor L1 is connected to the drain of the ninth MOSFET Q9. The source of the ninth MOSFET Q9 is connected to the twentieth ground terminal G20, and the gate of the ninth MOSFET Q9 is connected to the eighth PWM output pin PWM8 of the MCU. The anode of the fifth diode D5 is connected to the junction of the drain of the ninth MOSFET Q9 and the first inductor L1, and the cathode serves as the output terminal of the boost rectifier circuit, connected to the input terminal of the energy storage circuit. The first end of the tenth capacitor C10 is connected to the cathode of the fifth diode D5, and the second end is connected to the twenty-first ground terminal G21. The twenty-fourth resistor R24 ​​is connected in series between the cathode of the fifth diode D5 and the feedback pin FB of the microcontroller, and the twenty-fifth resistor R25 is connected in parallel between the feedback pin FB and the twenty-second ground terminal G22.

[0067] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the first inductor L1 receives the input voltage signal and is connected to the drain of the ninth MOSFET Q9 through its second terminal. When the gate of Q9 receives a control signal from the eighth PWM output pin PWM8 of the microcontroller, the switching state of Q9 is adjusted to control the flow of current. The source of MOSFET Q9 is grounded, and its gate is controlled to turn on and off by the PWM signal, thereby controlling the energy storage and release process of inductor L1. When Q9 is turned on, the current flows through the first inductor L1 and to the anode of the fifth diode D5, and D5 begins to conduct, with the current flowing to the energy storage circuit. The cathode of the fifth diode D5 serves as the output terminal of the boost rectifier circuit, providing a stable boosted voltage signal to the energy storage circuit. Capacitor C10 further smooths the DC signal output by D5, filtering out high-frequency noise in the current and ensuring the stability of the output voltage. At the same time, the tenth capacitor C10 stabilizes the output voltage and reduces voltage fluctuations. In addition, the connection between the twenty-fourth resistor R24 ​​and the twenty-fifth resistor R25, the feedback pin FB, and the ground terminal forms a feedback loop, ensuring that a stable output voltage is maintained by adjusting the PWM signal. Through this feedback mechanism, the boost rectifier circuit can dynamically adjust the output voltage according to the load demand, maintaining a constant voltage supply.

[0068] In summary, boost rectifier circuits can achieve low-voltage boost conversion, provide efficient and stable voltage supply, and can be widely used in scenarios that require converting low voltage to high voltage for storage or further processing.

[0069] In another exemplary embodiment, please continue to refer to Figure 8 The energy storage circuit includes an eleventh capacitor C11, a twenty-sixth resistor R26, and a sixth diode D6. The first end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 serves as the input terminal of the energy storage circuit, and the second end of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 is connected to the first end of the eleventh capacitor C11. The second end of the eleventh capacitor C11 serves as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit and is connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator output circuit. The anode of the sixth diode D6 is connected to the first end of the eleventh capacitor C11, and the cathode is connected to the twenty-third ground terminal G23.

[0070] In this embodiment, the first terminal of the twenty-sixth resistor R26 serves as the input terminal of the energy storage circuit, receiving electrical signals from the boost rectifier circuit or other energy sources. Current flows through the twenty-sixth resistor R26 to the eleventh capacitor C11, charging it during this process and converting the input electrical energy into electric field energy stored in the capacitor, forming a stable voltage output. The second terminal of the eleventh capacitor C11 serves as the output terminal of the energy storage circuit, connected to the input terminal of the voltage regulator circuit, providing the stored energy to subsequent circuits for voltage regulation or other purposes. To prevent reverse current from affecting the stability of the circuit, the sixth diode D6 plays a protective role in the circuit. By setting the sixth diode D6, it can be ensured that no reverse current flows in the circuit, avoiding damage to the capacitor and other circuits caused by reverse current during the discharge of capacitor C11. Through this process, the energy storage circuit can effectively store energy and provide a stable output voltage, while the sixth diode D6 protects the circuit from reverse current interference.

[0071] In summary, energy storage circuits can efficiently store electrical energy from boost circuits, thereby enhancing the stability and continuous power supply capability of the device.

[0072] In another exemplary embodiment, the voltage-regulated output circuit includes a linear regulator VR (e.g., AMS1117), a second inductor L2, a twelfth capacitor C12, a twenty-seventh resistor R27, and a twenty-eighth resistor R28. The input terminal of the linear regulator VR serves as the input terminal of the voltage-regulated output circuit, and the output terminal of the linear regulator VR is connected to the first terminal of the second inductor L2. The second terminal of the second inductor L2 is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, and the second terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 through the twenty-seventh resistor R27. The second terminal of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 serves as the output terminal of the voltage-regulated output circuit.

[0073] In this embodiment, the input terminal of the linear regulator VR is connected to the input terminal of the regulated output circuit, receiving voltage signals from the energy storage circuit or other power sources. The linear regulator VR, through its built-in regulation mechanism, converts the input voltage into a stable output voltage. The output terminal of the linear regulator VR is connected to the first terminal of the second inductor L2, which further smooths the current, thereby reducing voltage fluctuations. The second terminal of the second inductor L2 is connected to the first terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12, which acts as a filter, absorbing voltage fluctuations and stabilizing the current. The second terminal of the twelfth capacitor C12 is connected to the first terminal of the twenty-seventh resistor R27 and the twenty-eighth resistor R28. The twenty-seventh resistor R27 and the twenty-eighth resistor R28 together form a voltage divider circuit for regulating and stabilizing the output voltage. The second terminal of the twenty-eighth resistor R28 serves as the output terminal of the regulated output circuit, providing a stable output voltage for subsequent circuits. In this way, the regulated output circuit can effectively convert the fluctuating input voltage into a constant voltage, ensuring stable power supply and adapting to the needs of different loads.

[0074] In summary, the voltage regulator circuit can provide a high-efficiency and stable voltage output to avoid system failures caused by voltage fluctuations, which helps to improve the reliability and working efficiency of the device. In particular, it can maintain the stability of the device's output voltage even when the voltage is unstable or the power supply fluctuates.

[0075] Below, this application presents a rigorous test of the performance of the designed energy storage device.

[0076] During the testing process, to verify the energy utilization efficiency, stability, and battery life of this device, key indicators were first quantified through comparative testing using high-precision standard instruments: A digital multimeter and discharge load tester were used to simulate battery pack operating conditions (400V / 800V voltage, 50A / 100A current). The measured voltage detection error was only 0.00%~0.40% (better than ±0.5%), and the current detection error was -0.6%~0.0% (meeting the ±1% limit), confirming that dynamic charge and discharge regulation reduces energy loss. Simultaneously, stability was verified through extreme environment simulation—after 30 minutes in a temperature chamber ranging from -40℃ to 125℃, the temperature measurement error of the acquisition module was ≤±1℃ (actually measured -0.5℃~0.3℃), and the insulation resistance reached 1... 000MΩ (far exceeding the 10MΩ standard); further, it passed the fault injection test: when the single cell was disconnected to simulate an open circuit, the load current remained at 51.7A (>50A threshold), and passed the electrostatic discharge (contact 6kV / air 8kV) and surge impact (±1kV line-to-line / ±2kV line-to-ground) tests, the equipment always met the Class A performance criteria (no functional interruption); in addition, the battery life extension mechanism was verified through active balancing: after artificially creating a 0.5V voltage deviation, the system automatically balanced to ±0.05V within 10 minutes (internal resistance consistency accuracy -0.04%~0.06%), combined with the precise temperature control (patented circuit) of the PWM fan increasing the duty cycle to 85% at 65℃, effectively delaying battery degradation; the flame retardant performance was in accordance with the UL 94-2017 standard, the sample burning time in the vertical burning test was only 0.4~0.9 seconds (far below the 30-second upper limit), and the drippings did not ignite the degreased cotton, achieving the V-0 rating.

[0077] In addition, this application also conducted relevant tests on existing energy storage devices. The test results of the energy storage device designed in this application and existing energy storage devices are shown in Table 1:

[0078] Table 1

[0079]

[0080] As shown in Table 1, the energy-saving energy storage device designed in this application adopts a modular structure design. By integrating a battery management module, a thermal management module, an energy dispatch control module, and an energy recovery module, it forms a highly efficient, intelligent, and sustainable energy storage system. The battery management module integrates voltage detection, current detection, battery balancing, and charge / discharge control functions to achieve real-time monitoring and management of the state of each individual battery in the battery pack. This ensures that the batteries maintain consistent charge levels, prevents overcharging and over-discharging, thereby extending battery life and improving overall operational safety. The thermal management module uses a temperature sensing circuit and a PWM fan control system to detect and adjust the battery operating temperature in real time, effectively suppressing performance degradation and safety hazards caused by heat accumulation and temperature rise, and enhancing the system's stability under various operating environments. The energy dispatch control module utilizes a Hall current sensor, a DC-DC converter, and multiple MOSFET control units to achieve dynamic optimization and control of the charging and discharging process. This not only improves charging efficiency but also ensures stable and reliable power supply to the load, adapting to the power demands of different power consumption scenarios. In addition, the energy recovery module innovatively introduces an inductive load and a rectifier filter structure to boost, rectify and store the waste energy (such as induction and electromagnetic losses) generated during system operation, which significantly improves the overall energy efficiency ratio and enables the device to transform from "passive consumption" to "active recovery".

[0081] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An energy-saving electrical energy storage device, characterized in that, The device includes: The battery management module, thermal management module, energy dispatch control module, and energy recovery module are included. The battery management module is used to detect and adjust the voltage and current data of each individual cell in the battery pack; The energy dispatch control module is used to dynamically regulate the battery charging and discharging process based on voltage and current data; The energy recovery module is used to recover waste energy in the device and convert it into electrical energy for storage. The energy recovery module includes: The circuit includes an energy recovery circuit, a boost rectifier circuit, an energy storage circuit, and a voltage regulator output circuit. The energy recovery circuit is used to recover waste energy and convert it into electrical energy; The boost rectifier circuit is used to boost and rectify the electrical energy converted by the energy recovery circuit into a stable DC voltage. The energy storage circuit is used to store a stable DC voltage; The voltage regulation output circuit is used to regulate and output the stable DC voltage stored in the energy storage circuit. in, The energy recovery circuit includes a crystal oscillator, an inductive load, a bridge rectifier, an eighth capacitor, and a ninth capacitor. The output terminal of the crystal oscillator is connected to the input terminal of the inductive load, and the two output terminals of the inductive load are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the bridge rectifier. The crystal oscillator is used to provide a periodic high-frequency signal, which drives the inductive load to generate current. The output terminal of the bridge rectifier is connected to the first terminal of the eighth capacitor, the second terminal of the eighth capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the boost rectifier circuit, the first terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the bridge rectifier, and the second terminal of the ninth capacitor is connected to the nineteenth ground terminal. The thermal management module is used to regulate the battery temperature.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management module includes: The battery voltage detection circuit is used to sample and detect the voltage of each individual cell in the battery pack in real time. The battery current detection circuit is used to detect the charging and discharging current of each individual cell in the battery pack in real time. The battery balancing circuit is used to adjust the charge of individual cells in the battery pack that have charge deviations, so as to maintain the consistent charge of each individual cell. The charge and discharge control circuit is used to adjust the charging and discharging rate of the battery based on the real-time detected battery voltage and current.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery voltage detection circuit includes: Multiple voltage divider resistors, multiple capacitors, multiple analog switches, and a microcontroller, among which, In the battery pack, each cell's positive and negative terminals are connected to a voltage divider resistor. The connection point of the two voltage divider resistors forms a voltage divider point. This voltage divider point is connected to the first ADC input pin of the microcontroller through a multiplexer analog switch, and each voltage divider point is grounded through a capacitor.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery current detection circuit includes: The system comprises a first Hall current sensor, a seventh resistor, a fourth capacitor, a regulated DC power supply, a voltage regulator chip, a fifth capacitor, and a sixth capacitor. The positive terminal of the regulated DC power supply is connected to the input pin of the voltage regulator chip, and the negative terminal of the regulated DC power supply is connected to the fourth ground terminal. The ground pin of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the fifth ground terminal, and the output pin of the voltage regulator chip is connected to the input terminal of the first Hall current sensor. The output of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the sixth ground terminal via a seventh resistor and a fourth capacitor connected in series, and the connection point of the seventh resistor and the fourth capacitor is connected to the second ADC input pin of the microcontroller. The fifth capacitor is connected in parallel between the input terminal of the voltage regulator chip and the fifth ground terminal; The sixth capacitor is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the voltage regulator chip and the fifth ground terminal; The positive maximum current pin of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the positive terminal of each individual cell, the negative maximum current pin of the first Hall current sensor is connected to the positive terminal of the load, and the negative terminal of the individual cell is connected to the negative terminal of the load.

5. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery balancing circuit includes multiple branches, each with the same structure, including: The MOSFET and current-limiting resistor are connected as follows: the positive terminal of each cell is connected to the drain of the MOSFET, the source of the MOSFET is connected to ground via a current-limiting resistor in series, and the gate of the MOSFET is connected to the GPIO output pin of the microcontroller.

6. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The charge / discharge control circuit includes: The system includes a charging channel and a discharging channel. The charging channel comprises a second MOSFET, a first diode, a second Hall current sensor, a ninth resistor, and a tenth resistor. The discharging channel comprises a third MOSFET, a second diode, a third Hall current sensor, an eleventh resistor, and a twelfth resistor. The source of the second MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, the negative terminal of the DC power supply is connected to the eighth ground terminal, and the drain of the second MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. The cathode of the first diode is connected to the source of the second MOSFET, and the anode of the first diode is connected to the drain of the second MOSFET. The second Hall current sensor is connected in series between the drain of the second MOSFET and the positive terminal of the battery, and the output of the second Hall current sensor is connected to the third ADC input pin of the microcontroller. The first end of the ninth resistor is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET, and the second end of the ninth resistor is connected to the ninth ground terminal. The first end of the tenth resistor is connected to the gate of the second MOSFET, and the second end of the tenth resistor is connected to the first PWM output pin of the microcontroller. The source of the third MOSFET is connected to the positive terminal of the battery, and the drain of the third MOSFET is connected to the load. The cathode of the second diode is connected to the source of the third MOSFET, and the anode of the second diode is connected to the drain of the third MOSFET. The third Hall current sensor is connected in series between the source of the third MOSFET and the positive terminal of the battery, and the output of the third Hall current sensor is connected to the fourth ADC input pin of the microcontroller. The first end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET, and the second end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the tenth ground terminal. The first end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the gate of the third MOSFET, and the second end of the twelfth resistor is connected to the second PWM output pin of the microcontroller.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management module includes: Temperature detection circuit, used to detect battery temperature; The fan control circuit is used to drive the fan and adjust the fan speed using PWM.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The temperature detection circuit includes: The thirteenth resistor, the fourteenth resistor, the fifteenth resistor, and the driver transistor, among which, The first end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the +5V power supply, the second end of the thirteenth resistor is connected to the first end of the fourteenth resistor, the second end of the fourteenth resistor is connected to the eleventh ground terminal, and the connection point of the thirteenth and fourteenth resistors is connected to the fifth ADC input pin of the microcontroller. The power supply pin of the microcontroller is connected to the +5V power supply. The emitter of the driving transistor is connected to the twelfth ground terminal, the base is connected in series with the fifteenth resistor and connected to the second GPIO pin of the microcontroller, and the collector is connected to the negative terminal of the fan. The fan control circuit includes: A 4-wire PWM fan, a fourth MOSFET, a third diode, a seventh capacitor, a sixteenth resistor, and a seventeenth resistor; among which, The positive terminal of the fan is connected to the +12V power supply, and the negative terminal is connected to the collector of the driving transistor. The PWM control signal input pin of the fan is connected to the third PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the PWM control line. The fan speed feedback pin is connected to the microcontroller's third GPIO pin via the Tach feedback line; The third diode is connected in parallel to the positive and negative terminals of the fan, with its cathode connected to the +12 power supply and its anode connected to the drain of the fourth MOSFET. The source of the fourth MOSFET is connected to the thirteenth ground terminal, and the gate is connected to the fourth GPIO pin of the microcontroller through the sixteenth resistor. The seventeenth resistor is connected in parallel between the gate and source of the fourth MOSFET. The seventh capacitor is connected in parallel between the +12 power supply and the source of the fourth MOSFET.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dispatch control module includes: The components include a fourth Hall current sensor, a DC-DC converter, a fifth MOSFET, a sixth MOSFET, a seventh MOSFET, an eighth MOSFET, an eighteenth resistor, a nineteenth resistor, a twentieth resistor, a twenty-first resistor, a twenty-second resistor, a twenty-third resistor, and a fourth diode. The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the input terminal of the DC-DC converter through the fourth Hall current sensor. The first output terminal of the DC-DC converter is connected to the drain of the fifth MOSFET, and the source of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the fourteenth ground terminal. The second output terminal of the DC-DC converter is connected to the drain of the sixth MOSFET, and the source of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the fifteenth ground terminal. The gate of the fifth MOSFET is connected to the fourth PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the eighteenth resistor; The gate of the sixth MOSFET is connected to the fifth PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the nineteenth resistor; The first output terminal of the DC-DC converter is also connected to the source of the seventh MOSFET, and the gate of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the sixth PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the twentieth resistor. The drain of the seventh MOSFET is connected to the load, the first end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the gate of the seventh MOSFET, and the second end of the twenty-second resistor is connected to the seventeenth ground terminal. The second output terminal of the DC-DC converter is also connected to the drain of the eighth MOSFET, the source of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the energy storage device, and the gate of the eighth MOSFET is connected to the seventh PWM output pin of the microcontroller through the twenty-first resistor. The first end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the gate of the eighth MOSFET, and the second end of the twenty-third resistor is connected to the eighteenth ground terminal. The cathode of the fourth diode is connected to the output terminal of the fourth Hall current sensor, and the anode of the fourth diode is connected to the sixteenth ground terminal.

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