Microwave Radiation Traceable Calibration Device and Method Based on Dynamic Ring-Orbit Rydberg Atom Quantum Coherence Effect

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of microwave remote sensing precision calibration technology, and particularly to a traceable microwave radiation calibration device and method based on the quantum coherence effect of Rydberg atoms with a wave-shaped structure. The device includes: a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic ring track, a Rydberg atom electric field measurement system, a radiometer receiving antenna, a data acquisition and control system, and a data processing system. The device uses the dynamic ring track to move the microwave transmitting antenna, causing microwave electromagnetic signals to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system and the radiometer receiving antenna. The interaction between the microwave electric field and specific Rydberg energy levels induces the Euler-Townes effect, causing energy level splitting and resulting in peak position evolution in the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum of the atomic laser system. The data processing system calculates the electric field intensity and converts it into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave remote sensing precision calibration technology, and in particular to a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on the dynamic ring-orbit Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. Background Technology

[0002] Passive microwave remote sensing has the following characteristics: strong penetration capabilities, able to penetrate atmospheric obstructions such as clouds, fog, and precipitation to acquire surface and atmospheric information, overcoming the limitations of visible light and infrared remote sensing; all-weather, accurate, and 24 / 7 operation, unaffected by lighting conditions or most weather conditions, allowing for continuous day and night observation; and high sensitivity to surface characteristics, capable of monitoring key parameters such as soil moisture, temperature, vegetation water content, and ocean temperature, salinity, and wind speed. Microwave radiometers, as measuring instruments in passive microwave remote sensing, receive microwave energy scattered and radiated from the Earth's surface to acquire information about the physical characteristics of the atmosphere, surface, and ocean, and have become an important technical means for Earth system monitoring.

[0003] In recent years, to accurately grasp long-term climate change trends and short-term meteorological characteristics, there is an urgent need for microwave remote sensing payloads to possess continuous observation capabilities with high precision, high stability, and high consistency. This places higher demands on the observation accuracy of satellites to support the reliability of climate monitoring, weather forecasting, and environmental research. Accurate radiometric calibration is the foundation of microwave remote sensing. Currently, microwave bands are still calibrated using blackbody methods, which has limitations in tracing the source and makes it difficult to utilize the data efficiently.

[0004] Electric field measurements based on Rydberg atoms possess SI traceability and self-calibration characteristics. Utilizing the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autlertownes (AT) splitting effect of Rydberg atoms, the intensity, polarization, phase, and angle of arrival of microwave fields can be measured non-destructively. Rydberg atom electric field measurement technology has evolved from weak to strong electric fields, successfully measuring field strengths from nV / m to kV / m, and experimental verification has shown its ability to perform radio frequency measurements from GHz to THz. However, its practical application in quantum metrology is still under development.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a calibration technique based on the Rydberg electric field measurement to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, thereby providing a microwave radiation traceable calibration device and method based on the dynamic ring-orbit Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the dynamic ring-track Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, comprising: a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic ring track 3, a Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5, a radiometer receiving antenna 4, a data acquisition and control system 6, and a data processing system 14, wherein...

[0008] The microwave standard radiation system is used to transmit microwave electromagnetic signals with standard power, and includes: a microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 1;

[0009] The dynamic ring track 3 is used to drive the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to move, so that the microwave electromagnetic signal alternately irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 and the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0010] The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and to emit probe light and coupling light. The probe light and coupling light excite atoms to specific Rydberg states, establishing an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum based on the laser field. The interaction between the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atoms causes the Euler-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in an evolution of the transmission spectral peak of the probe light. It is also used to transmit the spectral peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0011] The radiometer receiving antenna 4 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and transmit the microwave electromagnetic signals to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0012] The data acquisition and control system 6 is used to control the microwave standard radiation source 2, the dynamic ring track 3 and the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, and to acquire spectral peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signals, and input them into the data processing system 14.

[0013] The data processing system 14 is used to receive the data output by the data acquisition and control system 6, calculate the electric field strength and convert the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0014] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the microwave standard radiation system includes: a calibrated microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 1; the frequency of the microwave electromagnetic signal is the receiving frequency of the radiometer receiving antenna 4, and the power is adjusted by the data acquisition and control system 6; the dynamic ring track 3 also drives the microwave standard radiation source 2 and the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to move synchronously; wherein, the adjustment method is: the continuous irradiation process of the microwave transmitting antenna 1 driven by the dynamic ring track 3 "first irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, and then irradiates the radiometer receiving antenna 4" is half a cycle, and the power is changed every half cycle.

[0015] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the angle of the dynamic ring track 3 is controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6; the continuous irradiation process in which the microwave transmitting antenna 1 is driven by the dynamic ring track 3 to "first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4" is half a cycle, and each cycle is a calibration experiment.

[0016] As an improvement to the aforementioned device, the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 includes: a laser source system, an atomic gas chamber 9, and a spectral measurement system; wherein, the laser source system is used to emit probe light and coupling light; the atomic gas chamber 9 is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms; initially, the alkali metal atoms are in the ground state, and are excited to the Rydberg state by probe light and coupling light in opposite directions to obtain Rydberg atoms; the spectral measurement system is used to collect and display the absorption of the probe light, indicating electromagnetically induced transparent spectral changes.

[0017] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the laser source system includes: a probe light system and a coupling light system; wherein, the probe light system is used to emit probe light and incident the probe light onto the atomic gas cell 9; wherein, the probe light is used to excite the ground-state alkali metal atoms to the intermediate state; the coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and incident the coupling light onto the atomic gas cell 9; wherein, the coupling light is used to excite the intermediate-state alkali metal atoms to the Rydberg state.

[0018] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the detection light system includes: a detection light source 11 and a reflector 10, wherein the detection light source 11 is used to emit detection light with a stable frequency and power, and the detection light is incident into the atomic gas cell 9 via the reflector 10; the coupling light system includes: a coupling light source 12 and a dichroic mirror 8, wherein the coupling light source 12 is used to emit coupling light with a stable frequency and power, and the coupling light is incident into the atomic gas cell 9 via the dichroic mirror 8.

[0019] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the reflector 10 and the dichroic mirror 8 are positioned opposite each other so that the optical paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide; the power and frequency of the probe light source 11 and the coupling light source 12 are controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0020] As an improvement to the above-mentioned device, the spectral measurement system includes a photodetector 7 and a digital oscilloscope 13. The photodetector 7 is used to acquire the spectrum of the probe light and perform photoelectric conversion. The corresponding electrical signal generated after conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope 13 through a shielded cable. The digital oscilloscope 13 displays the evolution process of the electromagnetically induced transparent peak induced by the microwave electromagnetic signal in real time based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal, and transmits the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal to the data acquisition and control system 6. The evolution includes a standard single-peak shape and a peak splitting phenomenon under preset conditions.

[0021] As an improvement to the aforementioned device, the data processing system 14 incorporates an electric field strength calculation model and a radiation calibration model. A half-cycle is defined as the continuous irradiation process where the microwave transmitting antenna 1, driven by the dynamic ring track 3, first irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, and then the radiometer receiving antenna 4. The data acquisition and control system 6 acquires transmission spectrum data and the electromagnetic signal output by the radiometer receiving antenna 4, and transmits them to the data processing system 14 at a frequency of each cycle. The data processing system 14 is used to precisely calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna 4 by combining the transmission spectrum data and microwave electromagnetic signal obtained in each cycle with the quantization relationship between the microwave source electric field and the receiving brightness temperature.

[0022] To achieve another objective of the present invention, the present invention also provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration method based on the dynamic orbital Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, implemented based on the aforementioned microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the dynamic orbital Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, comprising:

[0023] S1. A standard power microwave electromagnetic signal is emitted by microwave standard radiation source 2 and radiated out through microwave transmitting antenna 1;

[0024] S2. Control the dynamic ring track 3 to drive the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 and the radiometer receiving antenna 4; wherein, the continuous irradiation process of the microwave transmitting antenna 1 driven by the dynamic ring track 3 to "first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4" is half a calibration cycle, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half cycle, and a complete calibration is performed in each cycle.

[0025] S3. The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system 5 emits probe light and coupling light, which excite atoms to a specific Rydberg state, establishing an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum based on the laser field. The interaction between the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atom causes the Euler-Townes effect energy level splitting, resulting in an evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light. The spectral peak evolution data is transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6. The microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna 4 is also transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0026] S4. Input the spectral peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signal into the data processing system 14. The data processing system 14 calculates the electric field strength and converts the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0028] (1) This invention provides a traceable microwave radiation calibration device based on the dynamic ring-orbit Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. Utilizing the Rydberg quantum effect, it combines parameters such as electric field strength with atomic parameters and spectral characteristics, possessing features such as near-quantum-limit sensitivity, easy integration, strong anti-interference capability, no regional reproducibility, and traceability to international base units. Combining Rydberg atomic measurement with radiometer calibration makes the calibration more accurate, reliable, and traceable, allowing for better application of the measurement data.

[0029] (2) The data processing system of the present invention has an embedded field strength calculation model and a precise calibration model, which can perform corresponding brightness temperature calculations according to the AT split interval to form traceable brightness temperature data.

[0030] (3) This invention provides a traceable calibration method for microwave radiation based on the dynamic ring-orbit Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect, which makes the brightness temperature data more accurate and traceable, and improves the accuracy and sensitivity of microwave radiometers over a wider range. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the dynamic ring-orbit Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a diagram of atomic energy level transitions;

[0033] Figure 3(a) is a transmission spectrum of the standard single-peak shape;

[0034] Figure 3(b) shows the transmission spectrum of the peak splitting phenomenon under specific conditions.

[0035] Attached Figure Labels

[0036] Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on the dynamic ring-orbit Rydberg atomic quantum coherence effect. See attached document. Figure 1 It includes: a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic ring track 3, a Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, a radiometer receiving antenna 4, a data acquisition and control system 6, and a data processing system 14.

[0040] A microwave standard radiation system is used to transmit microwave electromagnetic signals at standard power; it includes a microwave standard radiation source 2 and a microwave transmitting antenna 1. The microwave standard radiation system uses a calibrated microwave excitation source and antenna, and the frequency is the radiometer receiving frequency.

[0041] The dynamic ring track 3 is used to move the microwave transmitting antenna 1 of the microwave radiation system to illuminate different devices with the signal.

[0042] The Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and make measurements; it includes: a photodetector 7, a dichroic mirror 8, an atomic gas cell 9, a reflector 10, a probe light source 11, a coupling light source 12, and a digital oscilloscope 13.

[0043] The radiometer receiving antenna 4 is used to receive microwave electromagnetic signals and transmit the signals to the data acquisition system.

[0044] The data acquisition and control system 6 is used to control the angle of the dynamic ring track 3, the power of the radiation source, and the power and frequency of the laser source, and to obtain various types of data.

[0045] Data processing system 14 is used to process and display various data results.

[0046] The microwave standard radiation source 2 has the same frequency as the radiometer receiving frequency. Its power can be changed by the data acquisition and control system 6. The continuous irradiation process of the dynamic ring track 3, which first irradiates the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 and then irradiates the radiometer receiving antenna 4, is a half cycle. The power is changed every half cycle.

[0047] The dynamic ring track 3 is controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6. The continuous irradiation process of "first irradiating the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, and then irradiating the radiometer receiving antenna 4" is half a cycle, and one cycle is one calibration experiment. The position of the dynamic ring track 3 does not affect the radiometer receiving antenna 4's observation of the outside world.

[0048] The Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 includes: a laser source system, an atomic gas chamber 9, and a spectral measurement system; among which,

[0049] A laser source system is used to emit probe light and coupling light;

[0050] A spectral measurement system is used to receive and display the probe light spectrum output from atomic gas cell 9; wherein,

[0051] Atomic gas chamber 9 is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms. Initially, the alkali metal atoms are in the ground state. They are excited to the Rydberg state by probe light and coupling light in opposite directions. The alkali metal atoms no longer absorb probe light photons, and the spectral measurement system displays an electromagnetically induced transparent transmission peak.

[0052] The laser source system includes a probe light system and a coupling light system; among which,

[0053] The probe light system is used to emit probe light and incident it into the atomic gas cell 9. The probe light is used to excite the ground-state alkali metal atoms to the intermediate state. The coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and incident it into the atomic gas cell 9. The coupling light is used to excite the intermediate-state alkali metal atoms to the Rydberg state.

[0054] The detection light system includes: a detection light source 11 and a reflector 10; wherein,

[0055] The probe light source 11 is used to emit probe light with a stable frequency and power. The probe light enters the atomic gas cell 9 through the reflector 10, and then enters the spectral measurement system through the dichroic mirror 8 after passing through the atomic gas cell 9.

[0056] The coupled light system includes: a coupled light source 12 and a dichroic mirror 8; wherein,

[0057] The coupled light source 12 is used to emit coupled light with a stable frequency and power. The coupled light passes through the dichroic mirror 8 and enters the atomic gas cell 9.

[0058] The reflector 10 and the dichroic mirror 8 are positioned opposite each other, so that the optical paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide.

[0059] The power and frequency of the detection light source 11 and the coupling light source 12 are both controlled by the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0060] The spectral measurement system includes: a photodetector 7 and a digital oscilloscope 13; wherein,

[0061] The photodetector 7 collects the transmission spectrum of the probe light and inputs it into the digital oscilloscope 13;

[0062] The digital oscilloscope 13 receives the data and transmits it to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0063] After passing through the spectral measurement system, the transmitted beam first enters the photodetector 7 for photoelectric conversion. The corresponding electrical signal generated by the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope 13 through a shielded cable. Based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electrical signal, the device displays in real time the electromagnetic induced transparency effect and the evolution process of the transmission spectral peak generated after receiving the coupled microwave signal. Specifically, it includes the standard single-peak shape shown in Figure 3(a) and the peak splitting phenomenon under specific conditions shown in Figure 3(b).

[0064] The data acquisition and control system 6 is also used to acquire spectral data and microwave electromagnetic signals output by the radiating antenna, and transmits the data to the data processing system 14 every cycle.

[0065] The data processing system 14 has an embedded field strength calculation model and a precise calibration model, which are used to perform precise calibration of the radiometer by using the quantization relationship between the microwave source electric field and the received power.

[0066] The atomic gas chamber 9 is generally made of borosilicate glass or fused silica. The main body of the device is generally cylindrical or cubic. The interior is formed by a special airtight treatment process to create a sealed vacuum environment, which is used to encapsulate and maintain alkali metal atomic vapor.

[0067] The microwave standard radiation source 2 is used to output a signal of a specific frequency and set power to the antenna port. After receiving the effective feed, the microwave transmitting antenna 1 radiates an electromagnetic field in space. The microwave standard radiation source 2 and the microwave transmitting antenna 1 are impedance matched.

[0068] In one specific embodiment, the alkali metal atom is cesium atom, the detection laser source is an 852nm semiconductor laser, and the coupling laser source is a 509nm high-power frequency-doubled semiconductor laser; see appendix. Figure 2 A laser with an emission wavelength of 852 nm from the probe laser source is used as the probe light and incident into the atomic gas chamber to realize the atomic ground state |1>(6S) 1 / 2 →Low excited state|2>(6P) 3 / 2 The energy level transition, coupled with a 509nm wavelength laser emitted from the laser source as the coupling light, is incident into the atomic gas chamber, realizing the low excited state of the atom |2>(6P). 3 / 2 The transition from the highly excited state |3> (ns, nd) energy level;

[0069] By radiating an electromagnetic field in space through a microwave transmitting antenna 1, a microwave electric field with a frequency of f0 is applied to the atomic gas chamber, resulting in the coupling of adjacent energy levels in the highly excited state, and obtaining an electromagnetically induced transparent spectrum that undergoes splitting.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This embodiment provides a microwave radiation traceability calibration method based on the dynamic orbital Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, implemented using the microwave radiation traceability calibration device based on the dynamic orbital Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect provided in Embodiment 1, including:

[0072] S1. A standard power microwave electromagnetic signal is emitted by microwave standard radiation source 2 and radiated out through microwave transmitting antenna 1;

[0073] S2. Control the dynamic ring track 3 to drive the microwave transmitting antenna 1 to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 and the radiometer receiving antenna 4; wherein, the continuous irradiation process of the microwave transmitting antenna 1 driven by the dynamic ring track 3 to "first irradiate the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5 and then irradiate the radiometer receiving antenna 4" is half a calibration cycle, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half cycle, and a complete calibration is performed in each cycle.

[0074] S3. Through the Rydberg atomic electric field measurement system 5, the microwave electromagnetic signal and the laser-preset Rydberg state generate the Autler-Townes effect energy level splitting, causing the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectral peak of the probe light to undergo characteristic evolution, thereby transmitting the spectral peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system 6; the microwave electromagnetic signal received by the radiometer receiving antenna 4 is also transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 6.

[0075] S4. Input the spectral peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signal into the data processing system 14. The data processing system 14 calculates the electric field strength and converts the electric field strength into the corresponding brightness temperature, thereby calibrating the radiometer receiving antenna 4.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, characterized in that, The application relates to a microwave standard radiation system, a dynamic loop track (3), a Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5), a radiometer receiving antenna (4), a data acquisition and control system (6) and a data processing system (14), wherein the microwave standard radiation system is used for emitting microwave electromagnetic signals with standard power and comprises a microwave standard radiation source (2) and a microwave emitting antenna (1); the dynamic loop track (3) is used for driving the microwave emitting antenna (1) to move, so that the microwave electromagnetic signals are alternately irradiated to the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) and the radiometer receiving antenna (4); the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) is used for receiving the microwave electromagnetic signals, is used for emitting probe light and coupling light, wherein the probe light and the coupling light excite atoms to specific Rydberg states, establish an electromagnetic induced transparency spectrum based on a laser field, microwave electromagnetic signals interact with Rydberg atoms to cause an Oersted-Townes effect level splitting, and cause evolution of a transmission spectrum peak of the probe light; and the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) is further used for transmitting spectrum peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system (6); the radiometer receiving antenna (4) is used for receiving the microwave electromagnetic signals and transmitting the microwave electromagnetic signals to the data acquisition and control system (6); the data acquisition and control system (6) is used for controlling the microwave standard radiation source (2), the dynamic loop track (3) and the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5), is used for collecting spectrum peak evolution data and microwave electromagnetic signals, and inputs the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signals to the data processing system (14); the data processing system (14) is used for receiving data output by the data acquisition and control system (6), calculating an electric field intensity and converting the electric field intensity into corresponding brightness temperature, so that the radiometer receiving antenna (4) is calibrated. The microwave standard radiation system comprises a calibrated microwave standard radiation source (2) and a microwave emitting antenna (1); the frequency of the microwave electromagnetic signals is the receiving frequency of the radiometer receiving antenna (4), and the power is adjusted by the data acquisition and control system (6); the dynamic loop track (3) further drives the microwave standard radiation source (2) and the microwave emitting antenna (1) to move synchronously; wherein the adjustment mode is that a continuous irradiation process of "first irradiating the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiating the radiometer receiving antenna (4)" of the dynamic loop track (3) driving the microwave emitting antenna (1) is taken as a half cycle, and the power size is changed every half cycle. The angle of the dynamic loop track (3) is controlled by the data acquisition and control system (6); the continuous irradiation process of "first irradiating the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiating the radiometer receiving antenna (4)" of the dynamic loop track (3) driving the microwave emitting antenna (1) is taken as a half cycle, and each cycle is a calibration experiment. The Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) comprises a laser light source system, an atomic gas chamber (9) and a spectrum measurement system; wherein the laser light source system is used for emitting probe light and coupling light; ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ ​ 3. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ 4. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ ​ The atomic cell (9) is filled with gaseous alkali metal atoms; initially, the alkali metal atoms are in a ground state, and the alkali metal atoms are excited to a Rydberg state by probe light and coupling light in opposite directions to obtain Rydberg atoms; The spectrum measurement system is used to collect and display the absorption of the probe light, indicating the change of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum.

5. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser light source system comprises a probe light system and a coupling light system; wherein, The probe light system is used to emit probe light and make the probe light incident to the atomic cell (9); wherein, the probe light is used to excite the alkali metal atoms in the ground state to an intermediate state; The coupling light system is used to emit coupling light and make the coupling light incident to the atomic cell (9); wherein, the coupling light is used to excite the alkali metal atoms in the intermediate state to a Rydberg state.

6. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 5, characterized in that, The probe light system comprises a probe light source (11) and a mirror (10), wherein, The probe light source (11) is used to emit probe light with stable frequency and power, and the probe light is incident to the atomic cell (9) via the mirror (10); The coupling light system comprises a coupling light source (12) and a dichroic mirror (8), wherein, the coupling light source (12) is used to emit coupling light with stable frequency and power, and the coupling light is incident to the atomic cell (9) via the dichroic mirror (8).

7. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mirror (10) and the dichroic mirror (8) are opposite to each other, so that the light paths of the probe light and the coupling light coincide; the power and the frequency of the probe light source (11) and the coupling light source (12) are controlled by the data acquisition and control system (6).

8. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spectrum measurement system comprises a photodetector (7) and a digital oscilloscope (13), wherein, The photodetector (7) is used to collect the spectrum of the probe light and perform photoelectric conversion; the corresponding electric signal generated by the conversion is transmitted to the digital oscilloscope (13) through a shielded cable, the digital oscilloscope (13) displays the evolution process of the electromagnetically induced transparency peak induced by the microwave electromagnetic signal in real time based on the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electric signal, and transmits the intensity and waveform characteristics of the electric signal to the data acquisition and control system (6); wherein, the evolution includes a standard single-peak shape and a spectral peak splitting phenomenon under a preset condition.

9. The microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing system (14) is embedded with an electric field intensity calculation model and a radiometric calibration model; a dynamic loop track (3) drives the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to continuously irradiate the "Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) first and then the radiometer receiving antenna (4)" in a half cycle; the data acquisition and control system (6) collects the transmission spectrum data and the electromagnetic signal output by the radiometer receiving antenna (4), and transmits them to the data processing system (14) at a frequency of every cycle; the data processing system (14) is used to accurately calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna (4) by combining the transmission spectrum data and the microwave electromagnetic signal obtained in each cycle with the quantitative relationship between the microwave source electric field and the receiving brightness temperature.

10. A microwave radiation traceable calibration method based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect, implemented by the microwave radiation traceable calibration device based on dynamic ring Rydberg atom quantum coherence effect according to any one of claims 1-9, comprising: S1. Emitting a microwave electromagnetic signal with a standard power by a microwave standard radiation source (2), and radiating and outputting by a microwave transmitting antenna (1); S2. Controlling the dynamic ring track (3) to drive the microwave transmitting antenna (1) to alternately irradiate the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) and the radiometer receiving antenna (4); wherein the continuous irradiation process of "first irradiating the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5) and then irradiating the radiometer receiving antenna (4)" with the dynamic ring track (3) driving the microwave transmitting antenna (1) is a half calibration period, the microwave transmitting power is changed every half period, and a complete calibration is performed once every period; S3. Emitting probe light and coupling light by the Rydberg atom electric field measurement system (5), exciting atoms to a specific Rydberg state by the probe light and the coupling light, establishing an electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum based on a laser field, causing the Oudler-Townes effect level splitting by the interaction between the microwave electromagnetic signal and the Rydberg atom, leading to the evolution of the transmission spectrum peak of the probe light, and transmitting the spectrum peak evolution data to the data acquisition and control system (6); receiving the microwave electromagnetic signal by the radiometer receiving antenna (4) and transmitting it to the data acquisition and control system (6); S4. Inputting the spectrum peak evolution data and the microwave electromagnetic signal into the data processing system (14), calculating the electric field intensity by the data processing system (14), and converting the electric field intensity into a corresponding brightness temperature, so as to calibrate the radiometer receiving antenna (4).

Images