Water purification equipment based on biofilm reinforcement

Abstract

This invention discloses a biofilm-enhanced water purification device, belonging to the technical field of water purification equipment. It includes a frame with a purification tank mounted on top. The invention utilizes a multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism within the purification tank, employing a graded carrier design and a gradient distribution of volcanic rock carriers of varying particle sizes to significantly increase the biofilm attachment area. This provides an ideal habitat for functional microorganisms such as ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria. Simultaneously, combined with a second drainage funnel, a receiving hopper, and a spiral guide plate, the water flow within the carrier layer forms a composite flow pattern of "downward flow + upward flow + spiral flow." This not only promotes uniform water distribution and avoids localized short-circuiting but also extends the hydraulic retention time, enhancing the contact efficiency between wastewater and the biofilm. When used with an aeration pipe and air pump, precise oxygen supply improves dissolved oxygen transfer efficiency, activating microbial activity even in low-temperature environments, effectively solving the bottleneck of insufficient DO transfer in traditional biological filters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a biofilm-enhanced water purification device, belonging to the technical field of water purification equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The high-altitude cold regions of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (such as Hulunbuir and Xilingol) have a typical mid-to-high latitude cold temperate continental climate. Groundwater, as the primary drinking water source, generally contains high levels of organic matter (COD). mn The problem is that the levels of ammonia nitrogen (1.5-5 mg / L) and nitrogen (3-8 mg / L) are too high, and the water is in a low-temperature environment (2-10℃) for about 6-8 months of the year.

[0003] Traditional groundwater treatment processes, such as the widely used coagulation sedimentation + sand filtration process, have almost no effect on removing ammonia nitrogen and require the addition of large amounts of coagulants (e.g., PAC dosage of 30-50 mg / L), which easily leads to excessive aluminum residues in the effluent. While advanced oxidation technologies (such as ozone oxidation) can degrade organic matter, their operating costs are as high as 1.5-2 yuan / ton, and they cannot simultaneously remove ammonia nitrogen, making them unsuitable for the economic needs of small and medium-sized water treatment plants in high-altitude and cold regions. In addition, existing biological filters use ordinary volcanic rock, ceramsite, and other carriers, lacking targeted aeration and flow pattern optimization, resulting in low dissolved oxygen (DO) transfer efficiency, further exacerbating the bottleneck in ammonia nitrogen removal and making it difficult to meet the organic matter (COD) requirements of the "Standards for Drinking Water Quality" (GB5749-2022). mn Stable compliance requirements for ammonia nitrogen (≤3mg / L) and nitrogen (≤0.5mg / L).

[0004] To address these issues, a biofilm-enhanced water purification device was designed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a biofilm-enhanced water purification device. This device utilizes a multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism within the purification tank, consisting of a mesh plate, a second drainage funnel, coarse-grained volcanic rock, a screen, a first guide hood, a receiving hopper, medium-grained volcanic rock, a second guide hood, a spiral guide plate, and fine-grained volcanic rock. Employing a graded carrier design and utilizing the gradient distribution of volcanic rock carriers of different particle sizes, it significantly increases the biofilm attachment area, providing an ideal habitat for functional microorganisms such as ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. Simultaneously, combined with the optimized flow structure of the second drainage funnel, receiving hopper, and spiral guide plate, the water flow within the carrier layer forms a composite flow pattern of "downward flow + upward flow + spiral flow." This not only promotes uniform water flow distribution and avoids localized short-circuiting but also extends the hydraulic retention time, enhancing the contact efficiency between wastewater and the biofilm. Furthermore, the aeration system, composed of aeration pipes and an air pump, improves dissolved oxygen transfer efficiency through precise oxygen supply, ensuring optimal performance even in low-temperature environments. By activating microbial activity and effectively addressing the bottleneck of insufficient dissolved oxygen (DO) transfer in traditional biological filters, this equipment employs a physical-biological synergistic process of "coarse filtration + microfiltration + biofilm treatment." It eliminates the need for chemical coagulants, avoiding the risk of heavy metal residues such as aluminum at the source, resulting in safer effluent. Furthermore, with biofilm treatment at its core, the main energy consumption comes from air pump aeration and water pump delivery, significantly reducing operating costs. The equipment also features a compact structure, small footprint, and easy installation and maintenance, making it ideal for low-cost operation in small and medium-sized water treatment plants in cold regions. The front-end coarse filtration mechanism efficiently separates large particles such as silt and sand through conical surface guidance and turbulent flow from annular protrusions. Regular cleaning with scrapers reduces the load on subsequent treatment processes. The mid-stage microfiltration mechanism further traps suspended solids and colloids, providing better influent conditions for biofilm treatment. The downstream biofilm treatment and deep filtration work together to form a "tiered purification" chain, significantly improving overall treatment efficiency.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solution:

[0007] A biofilm-enhanced water purification device includes a frame, a purification box installed on the top of the frame, a water supply pipe vertically fixed in the middle of the purification box, and a rotating spray mechanism at the top of the water supply pipe.

[0008] The bottom of the purification box is connected to a drain pipe, the side of the purification box is provided with a backwash outlet, and the top of the frame is provided with a water supply mechanism that is connected to the water supply pipe and the drain pipe for conveying raw water and backwash water.

[0009] The purification box has a coarse filtration mechanism at the top and below the rotary spray mechanism. A first drainage funnel is located on the inner wall of the purification box below the coarse filtration mechanism. A microfiltration mechanism is rotatably installed on the water supply pipe and is located at the middle of the bottom of the first drainage funnel. The water supply pipe has a rotating mechanism to control the rotation of the microfiltration mechanism to accelerate the filtration speed. A multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism is located at the bottom of the purification box.

[0010] An aeration pipe is installed at the bottom of the purification box, and an air pump is installed on the side of the purification box. The output end of the air pump is connected to the aeration pipe.

[0011] A control console is located on one side of the top of the frame. The control console is electrically connected to the water delivery mechanism and the air pump via wires.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating spray mechanism includes a mounting block, a cavity, and a nozzle. The mounting block is rotatably mounted on the water supply pipe. The interior of the mounting block has a cavity that communicates with the water supply pipe. The nozzle is evenly inclined around the outer side of the mounting block.

[0013] Preferably, the coarse filtration mechanism includes a conical block, an annular protrusion, a guide groove, a sand discharge pipe, a collection tank, and a cleaning assembly. The conical block is fixed to the inner top of the purification chamber, and a gap is left between the conical block and the inner side of the purification chamber. The surface of the conical block is evenly provided with annular protrusions from top to bottom. A guide groove is opened at the top of the conical block along the inclined direction. A sand discharge pipe is provided at the bottom end of the guide groove. A collection tank is installed at the bottom end of the sand discharge pipe, and the collection tank is fixed to the outside of the purification chamber. A cleaning assembly is provided at the top of the conical block to sweep the mud and sand at the bottom of the annular protrusion into the interior of the guide groove.

[0014] Preferably, the cleaning assembly includes a connecting rod, a vertical rod, and a scraper. The connecting rod is obliquely fixed to the outside of the mounting block. Vertical rods are uniformly and vertically fixed to the bottom of the connecting rod. Scrapers are fixed to the bottom of each vertical rod. The scrapers are in contact with the side of the annular protrusion.

[0015] Preferably, the microfiltration mechanism includes a cylinder, a baffle, a filter cartridge, and a spray nozzle. The cylinder is rotatably mounted on top of the water supply pipe, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is larger than the bottom diameter of the first drainage funnel. A baffle is horizontally fixed inside the cylinder. The water supply pipe passes through the middle of the baffle and is rotatably connected to the baffle. A filter cartridge is installed at the bottom of the baffle at an outward angle. Spray nozzles are evenly arranged on the outer side of the cylinder.

[0016] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a support platform, an external gear ring, a gear, an internal gear ring, and a fixing rod. The support platform is horizontally fixed on the water supply pipe. An external gear ring is fixed to the bottom end of the mounting block. The bottom of the external gear ring fits against the top of the support platform. Gears that mesh with the outer side of the external gear ring are evenly arranged circumferentially on the top of the support platform. An internal gear ring that meshes with the gear is rotatably installed on the top of the support platform. A fixing rod is installed between the outer side of the internal gear ring and the cylinder.

[0017] Preferred: The multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism includes a mesh plate, a second drainage funnel, coarse-grained volcanic rock, a screen, a first guide cover, a receiving hopper, medium-grained volcanic rock, a second guide cover, a spiral guide plate, and fine-grained volcanic rock. The mesh plate is horizontally fixed to the bottom of the purification chamber. The second drainage funnel is located below the mesh plate. The top of the second drainage funnel is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the purification chamber. Coarse-grained volcanic rock is filled between the top of the second drainage funnel and the mesh plate. A screen is fixed to the bottom of the second drainage funnel. A first guide cover is located at the top of the second drainage funnel. A receiving hopper is located at the bottom of the second drainage funnel. A gap is left between the top of the receiving hopper and the inner wall of the purification chamber. The bottom of the receiving hopper is fixedly connected to a water supply pipe. Medium-grained volcanic rock is filled between the top of the receiving hopper and the second drainage funnel. A second guide cover is fixed to the top of the receiving hopper. A spiral guide plate is located between the bottom of the receiving hopper and the bottom of the frame. Fine-grained volcanic rock is filled between the spiral guide plates.

[0018] Preferred grain sizes are: coarse-grained volcanic rock with a grain size of 20-30 mm, medium-grained volcanic rock with a grain size of 10-20 mm, and small-grained volcanic rock with a grain size of 5-10 mm.

[0019] Preferably, the water delivery mechanism includes a clean water tank, a raw water tank, a water pump, a first three-way valve, a suction pipe, a second three-way valve, and a solenoid valve. The clean water tank is fixed on one side of the bottom of the frame, and the raw water tank is fixed on the other side of the bottom of the frame. A water pump is installed in the middle of the bottom of the frame. The input end of the water pump is equipped with a first three-way valve. Both inlets of the first three-way valve are equipped with suction pipes. The two sets of suction pipes are respectively connected to the inside of the clean water tank and the raw water tank. The output end of the water pump is equipped with a second three-way valve. The two output ports of the second three-way valve are respectively connected to the water delivery pipe and the drain pipe. A solenoid valve is installed on the drain pipe.

[0020] Preferably, the filter cartridge is made of modified PVC material, and the filtration accuracy of the filter cartridge is 5-10μm. Multiple filter cartridges are evenly distributed in a ring on the partition plate.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention provides a biofilm-enhanced water purification device. It employs a multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism within the purification tank, consisting of a mesh plate, a second drainage funnel, coarse-grained volcanic rock, a screen, a first guide hood, a receiving hopper, medium-grained volcanic rock, a second guide hood, a spiral guide plate, and fine-grained volcanic rock. This graded carrier design utilizes a gradient distribution of volcanic rock carriers of different particle sizes to significantly increase the biofilm attachment area, providing an ideal habitat for functional microorganisms such as ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. Simultaneously, combined with the optimized flow structure of the second drainage funnel, receiving hopper, and spiral guide plate, the water flow within the carrier layer forms a composite flow pattern of "downward flow + upward flow + spiral flow." This not only promotes uniform water flow distribution and avoids localized short-circuiting but also extends the hydraulic retention time, enhancing the contact efficiency between wastewater and the biofilm. Furthermore, the aeration system, composed of aeration pipes and an air pump, improves dissolved oxygen transfer efficiency through precise oxygen supply, activating microbial activity even in low-temperature environments, effectively solving the bottleneck of insufficient DO transfer in traditional biological filters.

[0023] The equipment adopts a physical-biological synergistic process of "coarse filtration + microfiltration + biofilm treatment", which does not rely on chemical coagulants and avoids the risk of heavy metal residues such as aluminum from the source, resulting in safer effluent. In addition, with biofilm treatment as the core, the main energy consumption comes from air pump aeration and water pump transportation, which greatly reduces operating costs. At the same time, the equipment has a compact structure, small footprint, and is easy to install and maintain, making it more suitable for the low-cost operation needs of small and medium-sized water purification plants in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0024] The equipment is equipped with a coarse filtration mechanism at the front end, which can efficiently separate large particles of impurities such as silt and sand in the water through the turbulent effect of the conical surface and the annular protrusion. With the help of scraper cleaning regularly, the load on subsequent treatment is reduced. The middle microfiltration mechanism further intercepts suspended solids and colloids, providing better influent conditions for biofilm treatment. The biofilm treatment and deep filtration at the back end work together to form a "graded purification" chain, which greatly improves the overall treatment efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the internal purification tank of a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of the top of the water delivery pipe in a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a surface view of a conical block in a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a diagram of a microfiltration mechanism in a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a diagram of a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is an internal view of the second drainage funnel in a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 This is a top view of the bottom of the purification tank in a preferred embodiment of a biofilm-enhanced water purification device of the present invention.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Rack; 2. Purification chamber; 3. Water supply pipe;

[0035] 4. Rotary spray mechanism; 401. Mounting block; 402. Cavity; 403. Sprayer head;

[0036] 5. Drainage pipe;

[0037] 6. Water delivery mechanism; 601. Clean water tank; 602. Raw water tank; 603. Water pump; 604. First three-way valve; 605. Suction pipe; 606. Second three-way valve; 607. Solenoid valve;

[0038] 7. Coarse filtration mechanism; 701. Conical block; 702. Annular protrusion; 703. Guide groove; 704. Sand discharge pipe; 705. Collection tank; 706. Connecting rod; 707. Vertical rod; 708. Scraper;

[0039] 8. First drainage funnel;

[0040] 9. Microfiltration mechanism; 901. Cylinder; 902. Baffle; 903. Filter cartridge; 904. Nozzle;

[0041] 10. Rotating mechanism; 1001. Support platform; 1002. External gear ring; 1003. Gear; 1004. Internal gear ring; 1005. Fixed rod;

[0042] 11. Multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism; 1101. Mesh screen; 1102. Second drainage funnel; 1103. Coarse-grained volcanic rock; 1104. Barrier net; 1105. First guide hood; 1106. Receiving hopper; 1107. Medium-grained volcanic rock; 1108. Second guide hood; 1109. Spiral guide plate; 1110. Fine-grained volcanic rock;

[0043] 12. Aeration pipe; 13. Air pump; 14. Backwash outlet; 15. Control console. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0045] like Figures 1-9 As shown, this embodiment provides a biofilm-enhanced water purification device, including a frame 1, a purification box 2 installed on the top of the frame 1, a water supply pipe 3 vertically fixedly installed in the middle of the purification box 2, and a rotating spray mechanism 4 provided at the top of the water supply pipe 3.

[0046] The bottom of the purification box 2 is connected to a drain pipe 5, and the side of the purification box 2 is provided with a backwash outlet 14. The top of the frame 1 is provided with a water supply mechanism 6 that is connected to the water supply pipe 3 and the drain pipe 5, which is used to transport raw water and backwash water.

[0047] The purification box 2 has a coarse filter mechanism 7 at the top inside, and the coarse filter mechanism 7 is located below the rotary spray mechanism 4. The purification box 2 has a first drainage funnel 8 on the inner wall below the coarse filter mechanism 7. A microfiltration mechanism 9 is rotatably installed on the water supply pipe 3, and the microfiltration mechanism 9 is located at the middle position of the bottom end of the first drainage funnel 8. The water supply pipe 3 has a rotating mechanism 10 to control the rotation of the microfiltration mechanism 9 to accelerate the filtration speed. The purification box 2 has a multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11 at the bottom inside.

[0048] The multi-stage biofilm treatment unit 11 uses metal oxide gradient loading technology and low-temperature calcination process to directionally regulate the hydroxyl groups and metal active sites on the surface of the volcanic rock, which significantly improves the adsorption capacity of CODMn and ammonia nitrogen at low temperature, while enhancing the biofilm adhesion ability.

[0049] Volcanic rocks are calcined at low temperature (300℃, 2 hours) to form a porous structure, which enhances the secretion capacity of microbial extracellular polymers (EPS) and retains more than 70% of the room temperature activity at 2℃.

[0050] The multi-stage biofilm treatment unit 11 selects a low-temperature resistant composite bacterial group screened from water sources in high-altitude and cold regions, including ammonia-producing bacteria: Pseudomonas and Bacillus; and nitrifying bacteria: Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. Through dynamic regulation of the C / N ratio and low-temperature stress acclimatization, a biofilm system with high metabolic activity is constructed to achieve efficient removal of CODMn and ammonia nitrogen at low temperatures.

[0051] Inoculation dosage: 10 mg / L volcanic rock carrier 8 -10 9 CFU bacterial suspension is attached by soaking in circulating water for 24 hours;

[0052] Low-temperature acclimatization: At 5℃, using actual groundwater as a substrate, the C / N ratio was gradually reduced (from 5:1 to 2:1) over a 30-day acclimatization period, resulting in an increase of more than 40% in the metabolic activity of the microbial community.

[0053] The bottom of the purification box 2 is equipped with an aeration pipe 12, and the side of the purification box 2 is equipped with an air pump 13. The output end of the air pump 13 is connected to the aeration pipe 12. The air-water ratio is controlled at 5:1-8:1 (increased to 8:1 in low temperature environment) and is adjusted by the frequency converter of the air pump 13.

[0054] A control console 15 is provided on one side of the top of the frame 1. The control console 15 is electrically connected to the water delivery mechanism 6 and the air pump 13 via wires.

[0055] General working principle: During use, the water delivery mechanism 6 delivers raw water into the water delivery pipe 3, and then the raw water is discharged outward through the rotating spray mechanism 4, and evenly sprayed onto the coarse filter mechanism 7 below to perform coarse filtration of the raw water, separating large particles of silt. After filtration, the water flows through the first diversion funnel 8 and converges into the microfiltration mechanism 9. Then, the rotating mechanism 10 drives the microfiltration mechanism 9 to rotate, using centrifugal force to accelerate the water flow through the microfiltration mechanism 9, intercepting suspended solids and colloids. The pretreated water flows into the multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11 at the bottom of the purification tank 2, where the biofilm on the volcanic rock carrier of different particle sizes degrades organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. The air pump 13 delivers oxygen to the multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11 through the aeration pipe 12 to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration and activate the activity of microorganisms in a low-temperature environment. The purified water is discharged through the drain pipe 5. When backwashing is required, the water delivery mechanism 6 switches its path and injects the purified water into the interior of the purification tank 2 through the drain pipe 5 for backwashing. The sewage is discharged from the backwash outlet 14.

[0056] In this embodiment, the rotating spray mechanism 4 includes a mounting block 401, a cavity 402, and a nozzle 403. The mounting block 401 is rotatably mounted on the water supply pipe 3. The cavity 402, which is in communication with the water supply pipe 3, is opened inside the mounting block 401. The nozzle 403 is evenly inclined around the outside of the mounting block 401.

[0057] Local working principle: The cavity 402 is connected to the water supply pipe 3 to ensure a continuous water supply. The raw water in the water supply pipe 3 enters the cavity 402 of the mounting block 401 and is then discharged at an angle from the nozzle 403. Due to the angled design of the nozzle 403, the water flow generates a reverse torque when it is sprayed out, which drives the mounting block 401 to rotate around the water supply pipe 3. During the rotation, the nozzle 403 sprays the raw water evenly to the top of the coarse filter mechanism 7 below, avoiding local water flow concentration and providing uniform water intake conditions for the turbulent separation of the coarse filter mechanism 7.

[0058] In this embodiment, the coarse filtration mechanism 7 includes a conical block 701, an annular protrusion 702, a guide groove 703, a sand discharge pipe 704, a collection tank 705, and a cleaning assembly. The conical block 701 is fixed to the inner top of the purification box 2, and a gap is left between the conical block 701 and the inner side of the purification box 2. The surface of the conical block 701 is uniformly provided with annular protrusions 702 from top to bottom. The top of the conical block 701 is provided with a guide groove 703 along the inclined direction. The bottom end of the guide groove 703 is provided with a sand discharge pipe 704. The bottom end of the sand discharge pipe 704 is installed with a collection tank 705, and the collection tank 705 is fixed to the outside of the purification box 2. The top of the conical block 701 is provided with a cleaning assembly to sweep the mud and sand at the bottom of the annular protrusion 702 into the interior of the guide groove 703.

[0059] Local working principle: The raw water sprayed by the rotating spray mechanism 4 falls on the top of the conical block 701. When it flows along the inclined surface, the annular protrusion 702 on the surface causes turbulence in the water flow. Gravity and turbulence are used to separate the mud and sand particles from the water. The mud and sand settle to the bottom of the annular protrusion 702 due to gravity. The cleaning component circulates and cleans the mud and sand remaining at the bottom of the annular protrusion 702, sweeping the mud and sand into the interior of the guide groove 703. The guide groove 703 at the top of the conical block 701 is opened along the inclined surface, and the mud and sand will flow downward. The mud and sand enter the collection tank 705 through the sand discharge pipe 704 for storage, which can effectively avoid clogging and ensure the continuous effectiveness of coarse filtration.

[0060] In this embodiment, the cleaning assembly includes a connecting rod 706, a vertical rod 707, and a scraper 708. The connecting rod 706 is obliquely fixed to the outside of the mounting block 401. The bottom of the connecting rod 706 is uniformly and vertically fixed with the vertical rod 707. The bottom of each vertical rod 707 is fixed with a scraper 708. The scraper 708 is in contact with the side of the annular protrusion 702.

[0061] Local working principle: When the equipment is in use, the mounting block 401 rotates around the water supply pipe 3, and the connecting rod 706 rotates synchronously, driving the scraper 708 to slide along the surface of the annular protrusion 702, sweeping the mud and sand accumulated at the bottom of the annular protrusion 702 into the guide groove 703, and finally into the collection tank 705 through the sand discharge pipe 704, so as to avoid the mud and sand from adhering and affecting the coarse filtration efficiency.

[0062] In this embodiment, the microfiltration mechanism 9 includes a cylinder 901, a baffle 902, a filter cartridge 903, and a nozzle 904. The cylinder 901 is rotatably mounted on the top of the water supply pipe 3, and the inner diameter of the cylinder 901 is larger than the bottom diameter of the first drainage funnel 8, ensuring that the water discharged from the first drainage funnel 8 completely enters the cylinder 901. The baffle 902 is horizontally fixed inside the cylinder 901. The water supply pipe 3 passes through the middle of the baffle 902 and is rotatably connected to the baffle 902. The filter cartridge 903 is installed at the bottom of the baffle 902 at an outward tilt. The nozzles 904 are evenly arranged on the outer side of the cylinder 901.

[0063] Local working principle: The water flowing into the cylinder 901 rotates with the cylinder 901 under the drive of the rotating mechanism 10, generating centrifugal force, which makes the water flow quickly through the filter cylinder 903, intercepting suspended solids, colloids and other fine impurities in the water. The filtered water is sprayed out through the spray pipes 904 evenly arranged on the outside of the cylinder 901. The spray pipes 904 guide the water flow to the multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11 below, ensuring that the water is evenly distributed.

[0064] In this embodiment, the rotating mechanism 10 includes a support platform 1001, an external gear ring 1002, a gear 1003, an internal gear ring 1004, and a fixing rod 1005. The support platform 1001 is horizontally fixed on the water supply pipe 3, providing support for the transmission of the gear 1003. The bottom end of the mounting block 401 is fixed with the external gear ring 1002. The bottom of the external gear ring 1002 is in contact with the top of the support platform 1001 and rotates synchronously with the mounting block 401. The top of the support platform 1001 is uniformly provided with gears 1003 that mesh with the outer side of the external gear ring 1002 along the circumferential direction. The top of the support platform 1001 is rotatably mounted with an internal gear ring 1004 that meshes with the gear 1003. A fixing rod 1005 is installed between the outer side of the internal gear ring 1004 and the cylinder 901.

[0065] Local working principle: When the mounting block 401 rotates, it drives the outer gear ring 1002 to rotate. The rotation of the outer gear ring 1002 drives the gear 1003 to rotate. The gear 1003 meshes with the inner gear ring 1004, thereby driving the inner gear ring 1004 to rotate. The inner gear ring 1004 is connected to the cylinder 901 of the microfiltration mechanism 9 through the fixing rod 1005. Therefore, when the inner gear ring 1004 rotates, the cylinder 901 rotates synchronously around the water supply pipe 3, realizing the rotational filtration of the microfiltration mechanism 9 and improving the filtration efficiency.

[0066] In this embodiment, the multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11 includes a mesh plate 1101, a second drainage funnel 1102, coarse-grained volcanic rock 1103, a barrier net 1104, a first guide cover 1105, a receiving hopper 1106, medium-grained volcanic rock 1107, a second guide cover 1108, a spiral guide plate 1109, and fine-grained volcanic rock 1110. The mesh plate 1101 is horizontally fixed to the bottom of the purification chamber 2. The second drainage funnel 1102 is located below the mesh plate 1101. The top of the second drainage funnel 1102 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the purification chamber 2. Coarse-grained volcanic rock 1103 is filled between the top of the second drainage funnel 1102 and the mesh plate 1101. A barrier net 1104 is fixed to the bottom of the second drainage funnel 1102. The top is provided with a first guide cover 1105, and the bottom of the second diversion funnel 1102 is provided with a receiving hopper 1106. The top of the receiving hopper 1106 is left with a gap from the inner wall of the purification box 2. The bottom of the receiving hopper 1106 is fixedly connected to the water supply pipe 3. The space between the top of the receiving hopper 1106 and the second diversion funnel 1102 is filled with medium-grained volcanic rock 1107. The top of the receiving hopper 1106 is fixed with a second guide cover 1108. The bottom of the receiving hopper 1106 is provided with a spiral guide plate 1109 between the bottom of the receiving hopper 1106 and the bottom of the frame 1. The space between the spiral guide plates 1109 is filled with small-grained volcanic rock 1110. The aeration pipe 12 is a spiral perforated aeration pipe, which is buried at the bottom of the small-grained volcanic rock 1110 and located in the spiral guide plate 1109. The hole diameter is 2-3mm and the hole spacing is 10cm.

[0067] Local working principle: Water treated by the microfiltration mechanism 9 first enters above the mesh plate 1101, then flows downwards evenly through the holes in the mesh plate 1101. The water flows downwards over coarse-grained volcanic rock 1103, where the first guide shroud 1105 guides the water flow to distribute evenly. The biofilm on the surface of the volcanic rock initially degrades organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. The water then converges through the second drainage funnel 1102, passes through the barrier 1104, and continues to flow downwards. The barrier 1104 serves to block volcanic rock of different particle sizes without affecting the water flow. The water then passes through the medium-grained volcanic rock 1106 between the second drainage funnel 1102 and the receiving hopper 1106. 7. Through the height difference between the bottom of the second drainage funnel 1102 and the opening of the receiving funnel 1106, the water flow is forced to reverse and form an upward flow, further deepening the degradation of the biofilm. The water then falls along the outer edge of the receiving funnel 1106 and forms a spiral flow through the bottom spiral guide plate 1109. It flows through the small-particle volcanic rock 1110, which is filled with the spiral flow. The spiral flow prolongs the hydraulic residence time, and the large specific surface area of ​​the small-particle volcanic rock 1110 allows the biofilm to fully contact the water flow for deep purification. The particle size gradient of the tertiary volcanic rock is reduced, and the porosity is gradually reduced, which is suitable for the habitat needs of different microorganisms. The composite flow pattern (downward + upward + spiral) avoids short-circuiting and improves the purification efficiency.

[0068] In this embodiment, the coarse-grained volcanic rock 1103 has a grain size of 20-30 mm, the medium-grained volcanic rock 1107 has a grain size of 10-20 mm, and the small-grained volcanic rock 1110 has a grain size of 5-10 mm.

[0069] Local working principle: Coarse-grained volcanic rock 1103, with large pores and low water flow resistance, is suitable as the first-stage carrier, intercepting some large particulate impurities and providing habitat for ammonifying bacteria, thus initially degrading organic matter. Medium-grained volcanic rock 1107, with moderate pores and a large specific surface area, is suitable for nitrifying bacteria to attach to, mainly responsible for converting ammonia nitrogen into nitrate. Small-grained volcanic rock 1110, with the largest specific surface area and fine pores, is suitable for deep degradation of residual organic matter and trace pollutants. At the same time, the contact time is extended through spiral flow to ensure that purification meets the standards. The DO of the coarse-grained volcanic rock layer 1103 is maintained at 2-3 mg / L (suitable for ammonifying bacteria), and the DO of the medium / small-grained layer is maintained at 3-4 mg / L (suitable for nitrifying bacteria). The three work together to form a gradient filtration and biodegradation chain, improving the overall treatment efficiency.

[0070] In this embodiment, the water delivery mechanism 6 includes a purified water tank 601, a raw water tank 602, a water pump 603, a first three-way valve 604, a suction pipe 605, a second three-way valve 606, and a solenoid valve 607. The purified water tank 601 is fixed to one side of the bottom of the frame 1, and the raw water tank 602 is fixed to the other side of the bottom of the frame 1. The water pump 603 is installed at the middle position of the bottom of the frame 1. The input end of the water pump 603 is equipped with the first three-way valve 604. Both inlets of the first three-way valve 604 are equipped with suction pipes 605. The two sets of suction pipes 605 are respectively connected to the interior of the purified water tank 601 and the raw water tank 602. The output end of the water pump 603 is equipped with the second three-way valve 606. The two output ports of the second three-way valve 606 are respectively connected to the water delivery pipe 3 and the drain pipe 5. The drain pipe 5 is equipped with a solenoid valve 607.

[0071] Partial working principle: Control console 15 controls the first three-way valve 604 to switch to connect with the raw water tank 602. The water pump 603 draws raw water from the raw water tank 602 through the extraction pipe 605, and switches to connect with the water supply pipe 3 through the second three-way valve 606, delivering the raw water to the rotary spray mechanism 4. The purified water is discharged through the drain pipe 5. The solenoid valve 607 controls the opening and closing of the drain pipe. When backwashing is required, the first three-way valve 604 switches to connect with the clean water tank 601 to draw clean water, and the second three-way valve 606 switches to connect with the drain pipe 5. The clean water backwashes the multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11, microfiltration mechanism 9, etc. through the drain pipe 5. At the same time, some clean water backwashes the rotary spray mechanism 4 and coarse filtration mechanism 7 through the water supply pipe 3. The backwash wastewater is discharged from the backwash outlet 14. Through the linkage control of the first three-way valve 604 and the second three-way valve 606, the automatic switching of raw water purification and backwashing is realized, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the equipment.

[0072] In this embodiment, the filter cartridge 903 is made of modified PVC material, which has low temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, making it suitable for cold environments. The filter cartridge 903 has a filtration accuracy of 5-10μm, which can effectively intercept fine impurities such as suspended solids and colloidal particles in the raw water, preventing them from entering the multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism 11 and clogging the carrier or affecting the activity of microorganisms. Multiple filter cartridges 903 are evenly distributed in a ring on the partition plate 902. With the rotation of the microfiltration mechanism 9, centrifugal force is used to accelerate the flow of water through the filter cartridge 903, improving the filtration speed and throughput. At the same time, the ring distribution ensures a uniform filtration area and avoids local overload.

[0073] The above description is merely a further embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biofilm-enhanced water purification device, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: A purification box (2) is installed on the top of the frame (1). A water supply pipe (3) is vertically fixed in the middle of the purification box (2). A rotating spray mechanism (4) is provided at the top of the water supply pipe (3). The bottom of the purification box (2) is connected to a drain pipe (5), and the side of the purification box (2) is provided with a backwash outlet (14). The top of the frame (1) is provided with a water supply mechanism (6) that is connected to the water supply pipe (3) and the drain pipe (5) for conveying raw water and backwash water. The top of the purification box (2) is provided with a coarse filter mechanism (7), and the coarse filter mechanism (7) is located below the rotary spray mechanism (4). The inner wall of the purification box (2) and below the coarse filter mechanism (7) is provided with a first drainage funnel (8). A microfiltration mechanism (9) is rotatably installed on the water supply pipe (3), and the microfiltration mechanism (9) is located at the middle position of the bottom end of the first drainage funnel (8). The water supply pipe (3) is provided with a rotating mechanism (10) to control the rotation of the microfiltration mechanism (9) to accelerate the filtration speed. The bottom of the purification box (2) is provided with a multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism (11). An aeration pipe (12) is provided at the bottom of the purification box (2), and an air pump (13) is provided on the side of the purification box (2). The output end of the air pump (13) is connected to the aeration pipe (12). A control console (15) is provided on one side of the top of the frame (1). The control console (15) is electrically connected to the water delivery mechanism (6) and the air pump (13) via wires. The multi-stage biofilm treatment mechanism (11) includes a mesh plate (1101), a second drainage funnel (1102), coarse-grained volcanic rock (1103), a barrier net (1104), a first guide cover (1105), a receiving hopper (1106), medium-grained volcanic rock (1107), a second guide cover (1108), a spiral guide plate (1109), and small-grained volcanic rock (1110). The mesh plate (1101) is horizontally fixed to the bottom of the purification box (2). The second drainage funnel (1102) is located below the mesh plate (1101). The top of the second drainage funnel (1102) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the purification box (2). The space between the top of the second drainage funnel (1102) and the mesh plate (1101) is filled with coarse-grained volcanic rock (1103). 02) has a net (1104) fixed at the bottom. The top of the second diversion funnel (1102) is provided with a first guide cover (1105). The bottom of the second diversion funnel (1102) is provided with a receiving bucket (1106). The top of the receiving bucket (1106) is left with a gap between the top of the receiving bucket (1106) and the inner wall of the purification box (2). The bottom of the receiving bucket (1106) is fixedly connected to the water supply pipe (3). The top of the receiving bucket (1106) and the second diversion funnel (1102) are filled with medium-grained volcanic rock (1107). The top of the receiving bucket (1106) is fixed with a second guide cover (1108). The bottom of the receiving bucket (1106) and the bottom of the frame (1) are provided with a spiral guide plate (1109). The spiral guide plate (1109) is filled with small-grained volcanic rock (1110).

2. The biofilm-based water purification device according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating spray mechanism (4) includes a mounting block (401), a cavity (402) and a nozzle (403). The mounting block (401) is rotatably mounted on the water supply pipe (3). The interior of the mounting block (401) is provided with a cavity (402) that communicates with the water supply pipe (3). The nozzle (403) is evenly inclined along the circumference on the outer side of the mounting block (401).

3. A biofilm-based water purification apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: The coarse filtration mechanism (7) includes a conical block (701), an annular protrusion (702), a guide groove (703), a sand discharge pipe (704), a collection tank (705), and a cleaning assembly. The conical block (701) is fixed to the inner top of the purification box (2), and there is a gap between the conical block (701) and the inner side of the purification box (2). The surface of the conical block (701) is uniformly provided with annular protrusions (702) from top to bottom. The top of the conical block (701) is provided with a guide groove (703) along the inclined direction. The bottom end of the guide groove (703) is provided with a sand discharge pipe (704). The bottom end of the sand discharge pipe (704) is installed with a collection tank (705), and the collection tank (705) is fixed to the outside of the purification box (2). The top of the conical block (701) is provided with a cleaning assembly to sweep the mud and sand at the bottom of the annular protrusion (702) into the interior of the guide groove (703).

4. A biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly includes a connecting rod (706), a vertical rod (707), and a scraper (708). The connecting rod (706) is obliquely fixed to the outside of the mounting block (401). The bottom of the connecting rod (706) is uniformly and vertically fixed with the vertical rod (707). The bottom of each vertical rod (707) is fixed with a scraper (708). The scraper (708) is in contact with the side of the annular protrusion (702).

5. The biofilm-based water purification device according to claim 2, wherein: The microfiltration mechanism (9) includes a cylinder (901), a baffle (902), a filter cartridge (903), and a nozzle (904). The cylinder (901) is rotatably mounted on the top of the water supply pipe (3), and the inner diameter of the cylinder (901) is larger than the bottom diameter of the first drainage funnel (8). The baffle (902) is horizontally fixed inside the cylinder (901). The water supply pipe (3) passes through the middle of the baffle (902) and is rotatably connected to the baffle (902). The filter cartridge (903) is installed at the bottom of the baffle (902) with its angled outwards. The nozzle (904) is evenly provided on the outer side of the cylinder (901).

6. A biofilm-enhanced water purification device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (10) includes a support platform (1001), an external gear ring (1002), a gear (1003), an internal gear ring (1004), and a fixing rod (1005). The support platform (1001) is horizontally fixed on the water supply pipe (3). The bottom end of the mounting block (401) is fixed with an external gear ring (1002). The bottom of the external gear ring (1002) is in contact with the top of the support platform (1001). The top of the support platform (1001) is evenly provided with a gear (1003) that meshes with the outer side of the external gear ring (1002) along the circumferential direction. The top of the support platform (1001) is rotatably mounted with an internal gear ring (1004) that meshes with the gear (1003). A fixing rod (1005) is installed between the outer side of the internal gear ring (1004) and the cylinder (901).

7. A biofilm-based water purification apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The coarse-grained volcanic rock (1103) has a grain size of 20-30 mm, the medium-grained volcanic rock (1107) has a grain size of 10-20 mm, and the small-grained volcanic rock (1110) has a grain size of 5-10 mm.

8. The biofilm-based water purification device according to claim 1, wherein: The water delivery mechanism (6) includes a purified water tank (601), a raw water tank (602), a water pump (603), a first three-way valve (604), a suction pipe (605), a second three-way valve (606), and a solenoid valve (607). The purified water tank (601) is fixed to one side of the bottom of the frame (1), and the raw water tank (602) is fixed to the other side of the bottom of the frame (1). The water pump (603) is installed in the middle of the bottom of the purified water tank (601). The water pump (603) delivers water... The inlet is equipped with a first three-way valve (604), and both inlets of the first three-way valve (604) are equipped with suction pipes (605). The two sets of suction pipes (605) are connected to the inside of the clean water tank (601) and the raw water tank (602) respectively. The output end of the water pump (603) is equipped with a second three-way valve (606), and the two output ports of the second three-way valve (606) are connected to the water supply pipe (3) and the drain pipe (5) respectively. A solenoid valve (607) is installed on the drain pipe (5).

9. A biofilm-based water purification apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The filter cartridge (903) is made of modified PVC material, and the filtration accuracy of the filter cartridge (903) is 5-10μm. Multiple filter cartridges (903) are evenly distributed in a ring on the partition plate (902).

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